Term Paper

On
Viscoelastic Functionally Graded Finite-Element Method
Using Correspondence Principle

Prepared by

Mickey Mecon Dalbehera

Roll No – CEZ208537

Subject Code: CVL757

Those engineered materials which have diverse multiple layers at the microstructures level,
with each layer exhibiting a different property are known as Functionally Graded Materials
(FGA). These materials have uneven material layers. There are also few naturally occurring
civil engineering materials that exhibit this property, i.e. Bamboo. These types of materials
are usually designed to get favourable structural properties of a designed function. One form
of FGA is viscoelastic functionally graded materials.
From the literature review it can be seen that many research has been done on these types of
materials, taking only the elastic material behaviour and completely ignoring the non
homogeneous effects of the material as a whole. To develop an effective constitutive
relationship so that better numerical investigation can be carried out, it is very much essential
to take the non homogeneous part into consideration.

In authors i.e. Dave et. al (2009) have tried to develop an finite element formulation for
functionally graded materials taking viscoelastic into consideration to solve 2D plane and
axisymmetric problems.

The authors have developed the FE formulation by using the following two techniques
developed by the respective authors in conjunction i.e.

 Elastic viscoelastic correspondence principle (developed by Paulino & Jin 2001)

 generalized iso-parametric formulation(GIF) (developed by Kim &Paulino 2002)

The authors have also solved few examples to show the efficacy of the developed finite
element formation in the paper.
The author describes that though previously many attempts were made to develop FE
formulation using CP based procedure, but the previous attempts have been limited of using
conventional finite elements, which has the inability to access material non homogeneity,
while the present one does.

This is possible as the material properties are computed at each nodal point and are then
interpolated by the help of the gausing integration method using iso-parametric shape
functions. This aids in capturing the variation in properties element by element that is taking
place in the material due to changing behaviour (may be due to load temp etc.)

The formulation uses a simplified 1D form of the generalized Maxwell model as shown in the above figure.

The execution of the developed FE code was done in MATLAB and had the 5 steps as
mentioned in the above figure. According to the authors the analysis proposed does give
accurate results over the layered analysis.
Reference

1. Dave et. al “Viscoelastic Functionally Graded Finite-Element Method

Using Correspondence Principle”, J. Mater. Civ. Eng., 2011, 23(1): 39-48.

2. Paulino, G. H., and Jin, Z.
2001
. “Correspondence principle in viscoelastic

functionally graded materials.” J. Appl. Mech., 68
1
, 129–132.

3. Kim, J., and Paulino, G. H.
2002
. “Isoparametric graded finite elements

for nonhomogeneous isotropic and orthotropic materials.” J. Appl.Mech., 69 4 , 502–514.