20BAV5. Grammar 2.1 - 151120

GRAMMAR 2
Instructor: Nguyen T. Thuy Duong

Email: duongnguyen.gn@gmail.com
HCM City, 15 November 2020
1
CONTENTS
 Introduction to the course calendar

 The passive
 Noun clauses
 Adjective clauses
2
Textbook
UNDERSTANDING AND USING

ENGLISH GRAMMAR (C.1-5) –Betty
Schramfer Azar - Prentice Hall Regents
3
GRADING & ASSESSMENT
• Class attendance 10%

• Mid-term assessment (30% total score):
• 5-10%: Class contribution
• 20-25%: Mid-term test
• Final exam (60% total score)
4
COURSE CALENDAR
Dates Contents
Course introduction
Chapter 11 - The passive
15 Nov 2020 Chapter 12 - Noun clauses
Chapter 13 - Adjective clauses
Chapter 17 – Adverbial clauses
Chapter 18 – Reduction of adverb clauses to
22 Nov 2020 modifying adverbial phrases
Chapter 19 – Connectives that address cause and
effect, contrast and condition
Chapter 20 – Conditional sentences and wishes

20 Dec 2020 1. Course review
2. Mid-term test
5
CHAPTER 11 – THE PASSIVE
CONTENTS
11-1 Active sentences and passive sentences
11-2 Form of the passive
11-3 Transitive and intransitive verbs
11-4 Using the by-phrase
11-5 The passive forms of the present and past progressive
11-6 Passive modal auxiliaries
11-7 Using past participles as adjectives (stative passive)
11-8 Participial adjectives: -ed vs. -ing
11-9 Get + adjective; get + past participle
11-10 Using be used/accustomed to and get …
11-11 Used to vs. be used to
11-12 Using be supposed to
6
ACTIVE SENTENCES AND PASSIVE SENTENCES
The chair is being made

by the carpenter.
7
(a) ACTIVE: The carpenter sanded the wood.
same
meaning
(b) PASSIVE: The wood was sanded by the

carpenter.
8
ACTIVE:
S O
(c) Carol sold the house.
PASSIVE:
S by + O
(d) The house was sold by Carol.
object of active subject of passive

subject of active object of by
9
10-2 FORM OF THE PASSIVE
Fuel is burned by cars
10
BE + PAST
PARTICIPLE
(a) Coffee is grown by farmers.

(b) The raise was given by the boss.
(c) The photo will be printed by Alex.
11
SIMPLE PRESENT Cars burn fuel.

Fuel is burned by cars.
SIMPLE PAST The raise thrilled Ben.
Ben was thrilled by the raise.
PRESENT PERFECT Al has printed the photo.
The photo has been printed
by Al.
FUTURE New cars will save fuel.
Fuel will be saved by new cars.
12
10-1, 10-2 LET’S PRACTICE
ACTIVE
The squirrel gathered the nuts.
PASSIVE
The nuts were gathered by the squirrel.
13
ACTIVE
Matthew painted the wall.
PASSIVE
The wall was painted by
Matthew.
14
ACTIVE
The voters will determine
the election results.
PASSIVE
The election results will be determined by
the voters.
15
10-4 USING THE BY- PHRASE
This painting
was done by
my mother.
16
(a) This desk was made by Manuel.
by phrase important information
17
(b) This desk was made in Taiwan.

(c) Corn is eaten in many places.
(d) That apartment was built in 2007.
(e) Spanish is spoken in many countries.
usually NO by-phrase
18
ACTIVE
(f) My mother is a great artist.
She painted many beautiful portraits.
PASSIVE
(g) This painting was done by my mother.
That one was done by her friend.
focus my mother
by-phrase focus on subjects
19
10-4 LET’S PRACTICE
ACTIVE
Shakespeare wrote Hamlet.
PASSIVE
Hamlet was written by Shakespeare.
20
ACTIVE
Many students use computers.
PASSIVE
Computers are used by many students.
21
ACTIVE
Tina taught me how to knit.
PASSIVE
I was taught to knit by Tina.
22
10-5 THE PASSIVE FORMS OF THE PRESENT AND
PAST PROGRESSIVE
A photo is being taken by Elton.
23
PAST PROGRESSIVE
ACTIVE PASSIVE
He is taking photos. (a) Photos are being
taken by him.
She is writing a book. (b) A book is being
written by her.
24
PAST PROGRESSIVE
ACTIVE PASSIVE
He is taking photos. (a) Photos are being
taken by him.
She is writing a book. (b) A book is being
written by her.
present progressive: passive form

am
is + being + past participle
are
25
PAST PROGRESSIVE
ACTIVE PASSIVE
He was taking photos. (c) Photos were being
taken by him.
She was writing a book. (d) A book was being
written by her.
past progressive: passive form

was
+ being + past participle
were
26
ACTIVE
Two great teams are playing
hockey.
PASSIVE
Hockey is being played by two great teams.
27
ACTIVE
Someone was building a guest house in Bhutan.
PASSIVE
A guest house was being built in Bhutan.
28
ACTIVE
Alan is studying the memo.
PASSIVE
The memo is being studied by Alan.
29
10-6 PASSIVE MODAL AUXILIARIES
Lin will e-mail you.
30
10-6 PASSIVE MODAL AUXILIARIES
ACTIVE MODAL PASSIVE MODAL

AUXILIARIES AUXILIARIES
Lin will send it. It will be sent by Lin.
Lin can send it. It can be sent by Lin.
Lin must send it. It must be sent by Lin.
Lin may send it. It may be sent by Lin.
FORM: modal + be + past participle
31
ACTIVE MODALS
Someone must mow the grass today.
PASSIVE MODALS
must be mowed today
This grass __________________.
32
ACTIVE MODALS
You should not feed candy to babies.
PASSIVE MODALS
should not be fed candy
Babies _____________________.
33
ACTIVE MODALS
People cannot control hurricanes.
PASSIVE MODALS
Hurricanes cannot be controlled.
__________________________
34
Practice Exercise 1-2.
Form the passive
35
10-3 TRANSITIVE AND INTRANSITIVE VERBS
Erica sneezed.
36
(a) TRANSITIVE
S V O
Janet earned the promotion.
They saw the accident.
(b) INTRANSITIVE
S V
A problem occurred.
They arrived late.
TRANSITIVE INTRANSITIVE
verb + object verb + object

37
(c) TRANSITIVE VERBS

ACTIVE: Janet earned the promotion.
PASSIVE: The promotion was earned by Janet.
(d) INTRANSITIVE VERBS

ACTIVE: Birds fly.
PASSIVE: (not possible)
(e) INCORRECT: Birds are fly.
38
(c) TRANSITIVE VERBS

ACTIVE: Janet earned the promotion.
PASSIVE: The promotion was earned by Janet.
(d) INTRANSITIVE VERBS

ACTIVE: Birds fly.
PASSIVE: (not possible)
transitive verbs passive okay

intransitive verbs no passive
39
transitive
intransitive ?
It rained yesterday.
40
transitive
intransitive ?
Eva won a medal.

A medal was won by Eva.
PASSIVE: _______________________
41
transitive
intransitive ?
Tim Berners-Lee invented the

World Wide Web.
PASSIVE: _______________________
The World Wide Web was
invented by Tim Berners-Lee.
_______________________
42
Practice: Exercise 3
43
Indirect objects as passive subjects
Active: The salesman showed him (indirect object) a

new computer (direct object).
Active: The salesman showed a new computer to him.
Passive: He was shown a new computer.
Passive: A new computer was shown to him.
SHOW/showed/shown
44
Active: We lent Bob some money.
Active: We lent some money to Bob.
Passive: Bob was lent some money.
Passive: Some money was lent to
Bob
LEND/lent/lent
45
Active: Jack sent Jill a large bouquet of white
and red roses.
Active: Jack sent a large bouquet of white and
red roses to Jill.
Passive: Jill was sent a large bouquet of white
and red roses by Jack.
Passive: A large bouquet of white and red
roses was sent to Jill by Jack.
SEND/sent/sent
46
Active: His father bought him a bike.
Active: His father bought a bike for him.
Passive: He was bought a bike by his
father.
Passive: A bike was bought for him by his
father.
BUY/bought/bought
47
Practice:
11-3. Exercise 6
48
10-7 USING PAST PARTICIPLES AS ADJECTIVES
(STATIVE PASSIVE)
Lily is pleased with her life.
49
(STATIVE PASSIVE)
BE + ADJECTIVE
(a) Lily is brave.
(b) Lily is short.
(c) Lily is healthy.
BE + PAST PARTICIPLE
(d) Lily is divorced.
(e) Lily is excited. like an adjective
(f) Lily is pleased.
50
(STATIVE PASSIVE)
(g) Lily is divorced from Jack.

(h) Lily was happy with her career.
(i) Lily will be excited for the trip.
past particular
participle + prepositions + object
51
married
Jenny is __________
married to Grant.
52
happy
happy with her new laptop.

Alma is __________
53
10-8 PARTICIPIAL ADJECTIVES: -ED VS. -ING
Emma makes pottery.

I am interested in making pottery.
54
(a) I am interested in pottery.

INCORRECT: I am interesting in pottery.
(b) Pottery is interesting.

INCORRECT: Pottery is interested.
past participle feelings

present participle cause of feeling
55
Ben was thrilled with the promotion.
(c) Ben was thrilled.

(d) The promotion was thrilling.
past participle passive meaning

present participle cause of feeling
56
(e) I heard some disappointing news.

(f) Jill read the shortened version of
the book.
participial
adjectives nouns
57
surprised
surprising
Gail Gwen
Gwen’s news must be __________.
surprising
surprised
Gail looks very __________.
58
amazed
amazing
amazing
The Great Wall is ________.
Most people are truly ________
amazed when
they first see it.
59
terrified
Some bugs are scary. terrifying
terrifying
This spider is ________!
I wonder if it is ________
terrified of anything?
60
10-9 GET + ADJECTIVE; GET + PAST PARTICIPLE
People often get thirsty

when they exercise.
61
GET + ADJECTIVE
(a) I am getting thirsty.
(b) Fahad got angry at him.
GET ADJECTIVE
change, beginning to be
62
GET + PAST PARTICIPLE

(c) I’m getting worried.
(d) My friend and his wife got divorced.
GET PAST PARTICIPLE
like an adjective, describes subject
63
get + sleep
got sleepy while he was working.

He ___________
64
get + frustrated
is getting frustrated with his work.

He _________________
65
get + cold
got cold early this year.

It ________
66
10-10 USING BE USED/ACCUSTOMED TO AND GET
USED/ACCUSTOMED TO
We are used to driving in

traffic.
67
USED/ACCUSTOMED TO
(a) We are used to this city.
same meaning
(b) We are accustomed to this city.
68
10-10 USING BE USED/ACCUSTOMED TO AND
GET USED/ACCUSTOMED TO
(c) We are used to living in this city.
(d) We are accustomed to living in this city.
to + -ing form
(gerund)
69
USED/ACCUSTOMED TO
(e) I just moved to Athens, Greece. I have

never lived in this city before, but I am
getting used to (accustomed to) it.
beginning to feel normal
70
be used to
(affirmative or negative)
I always go to the beach.

I __________
am used to the sand and sea.
71
be used to
I’m confused. I _____________

am not used to this new
computer.
72
be used to
Maybe I’ll call Eva. She _____________

is used to
this type of computer.
73
10-11 USED TO vs. BE USED TO
He used to eat meat, but

now he is a vegetarian.
74
(a) He used to eat meat, but now he is

a vegetarian.
INCORRECT: He used to be eating meat.
INCORRECT: He is used to eat meat.
habitual past
used to + simple form of verb
75
(b) He is used to eating meat.
be used to + -ing form of verb

(gerund)
76
be
Ø
When I was young, I often went skiing.
I ____
was used to skiing back then.
77
be
Ø
I _____
Ø used to like skiing, but
now I prefer snowboarding.
78
be
Ø
am used to snowboarding.
Now, I ____
79
Practice: Write about your past habit
and something you begin to feel
familiar with
80
10-12 USING BE SUPPOSED TO
You were supposed to

clean out the garage
this morning.
81
(a) The flight is supposed to leave

in 10 minutes.
I expect the
flight to leave
in 10 minutes.
82
(a) The flight is supposed to leave

in 10 minutes.
(b) I am supposed to write to Jim.
an expectation
83
(c) The flight was supposed to leave

at 4:30.
expected event didn’t occur
84
be supposed to
I expect to get email today .

am supposed to get email today.
I ______________
85
be supposed to
They were expected to arrive on May 4,

but they came on May 6.
They _______________
were supposed to arrive on May 6.
86
be supposed to
I expected you to were

You ______
call me at noon! supposed to
___________
call me at
noon!
87
Chapter 12 – Noun clauses
CONTENTS
12-1 Noun clauses: introduction
12-2 Noun clauses that begin with a question word
12-3 Noun clauses with who, what, whose + be
12-4 Noun clauses that begin with if or whether
12-5 Noun clauses that begin with that
12-6 Other uses of that-clauses
12-7 Substituting so for a that-clause in conversational ...
12-8 Quoted speech
12-9 Quoted speech vs. reported speech
12-10 Verb forms in quoted speech
12-11 Common reporting verbs: tell, ask, answer/reply
88
14-1 NOUN CLAUSES: INTRODUCTION
I wonder where my mother is.
89
s v o
(a) We know her parents.
(noun phrase)
• group of related words
phrase • no subject & verb
s v o
(b) We know where her parents live.
(noun clause)
• group of related words
clause • has a subject & verb
90
o
s v s v
(c) We know where her parents live.
(noun clause)
has
noun clause subject + verb
91
(d) We know where her parents live.

(noun clause)
(e) I wonder if they will visit us.
(noun clause)
(f) I think that they will try to come soon.
(noun clause)
• question word
noun clauses
can begin with • if or whether
• that
92
Hi. Nice to see

phrase
you again. I
clause
remember
your name.
phrase
noun _______
93
Hi. I remember
phrase
when we met.
clause
noun _______
clause
94
14-2 NOUN CLAUSES THAT BEGIN WITH A QUESTION
WORD
I wonder what
he is thinking
about.
95
WORD
INFORMATION QUESTION
NOUN CLAUSE
(a)Where does she work ?
(b) I wonder where she works.
(c) When did he call?
(d) Do you know when he called?
(e) What did they do?
(f) Please tell me what they did.
(g) Why is she sad?
(h) I don’t know why she is sad.
usual wordI order

INCORRECT: don’t know why is she
noun sad.
clause
96
WORD
INFORMATION
QUESTION NOUN CLAUSE
S
(i) Who wants to go? (j) I wonder who wants to go.
S
(k) What’s going on? (l) Tell me what’s going on.
when a question no change in

word is the subject word order
97
noun clause OR question ?

where the bridge was built
98
noun clause OR question ?

who built the bridge
noun clause: I know who built the bridge.
question: Who built the bridge?
99
14-3 NOUN CLAUSES WITH WHO, WHAT, WHOSE + BE
Whose suitcase is this?
100
14-3 NOUN CLAUSES WITH WHO, WHAT, WHOSE + BE
QUESTION NOUN CLAUSE
v s s v
(a) Who is that actor ? (b) Tell me who that actor is.
v s s v
(c) Whose dog is this ? (d) Tell me whose dog this is.
main verb noun or noun or main verb

+ pronoun pronoun + be
be
101
Who’s calling?
Please tell me who’s calling
____________.
102
Whose house is that?

I wonder whose house that is
_________________.
103
Who will join us for a picnic?

I don’t know who
_______________________.
will join us for a picnic
104
Exercise 2
105
14-4 NOUN CLAUSES THAT BEGIN WITH IF OR
WHETHER
I don’t know if Geneva is the

capital of Switzerland or not.
106
WHETHER
YES/NO QUESTION NOUN CLAUSE
(a) Is Alice friendly? (b) I wonder if Alice is friendly.

(c) Does Al dance? (d) Do you know if Al dances?
(e) Did class end early? (f) I wonder if class ended early.
yes/no questions noun clause

if introduces the clause
107
WHETHER
(g) I don’t know if class ended early or not.
if + clause + or not
108
WHETHER
(g) I don’t know if class ended early or not.

(h) I don’t know whether class ended early or not.
if = whether
109
Is that a good restaurant?

NOUN CLAUSE:
Do you know _______________________
if that is a good restaurant?
110
Will we go to the Gaudi Museum again?

NOUN CLAUSE:
Do you know _______________________
if we will go to the Gaudi
______________
Museum again?
111
Will your friend pass his exam?
NOUN CLAUSE:
I wonder __________________
if your friend will pass
his exam.
___________
112
14-5 NOUN CLAUSES THAT BEGIN WITH THAT
I was sad when I found

out that my friend was ill.
113
s v o
(a) I know that you are a good friend.
(b) She hopes that she can go to college.
(c) Jane heard that the exam is difficult.
(d) We discovered that our house was robbed.
that-clause object of verb

mental activity
114
(e) I know that you are a good friend.

(f) I know Ø you are
samea good friend.
meaning
that often omitted

especially in speaking
115
CORRECT OR INCORRECT ?
I hope that you can come to dinner tomorrow.
116
CORRECT OR INCORRECT ?
I hope you can come to dinner tomorrow.
117
14-6 OTHER USES OF THAT- CLAUSES
She was disappointed that she

failed the test.
118
(a) I’m certain that you will like this class.

(b) I’m happy that you joined us.
(c) You are fortunate that the weather was good.
(d) She was surprised that he proposed.
certain expressions:
be + adjective OR + that-clause
be + past participle
119
(e) It is true that cancer is a serious disease.

(f) It is a fact that cancer is a serious disease.
It is true… two common

+ that-clause = expressions
It is a fact…
120
14-7 SUBSTITUTING SO FOR A THAT-CLAUSE IN
CONVERSATIONAL RESPONSES
(f) Do you I’m not sure. I

think Jay should guess so.
get fired?
common conversational
responses
I guess so. I guess not.
I suppose so. I suppose not.
121
restate using
I wonder if the
a that-clause
tourists will leave
soon. I hope so.
I hope ________
that the
tourists will leave
______________
soon.
______________
122
Do you think restate using

we have time a that-clause
I don’t
to play again?
believe so.
I don’t think _____
that
we have time to
_______________
play again.
_______________
123
Do you think restate using

we will be in a that-clause
this line all day? I hope not.
I hope ________
that we
I hope not. won’t be in this
______________
line all day.
______________
124
14-8 QUOTED SPEECH
I think this
is a good
solution. I agree.
125
14-8 QUOTED SPEECH
(a) SPEAKERS’ EXACT WORDS
I think this a
good I agree.
solution.
126
14-8 QUOTED SPEECH
(b) QUOTING THE SPEAKERS’ WORDS

Jill said, “I think this is a good solution.”
Jack said, “I agree.”
127
14-8 QUOTED SPEECH
(c) HOW TO WRITE QUOTATIONS

1. Add a comma after said.
Jill said,
2. Add quotation marks.
Jill said, “
3. Capitalize the first word of the quotation.
Jill said, “ Let’s
let’s
4. Write the quotation. Add a final period.
Jill said, “Let’s start working
.
5. Add quotation marks after the period.
“
Jill said, “Let’s start working. 128
14-8 QUOTED SPEECH
(d) Joshua said,“ I would like to go. Can

“
we leave in an hour?
quotation marks around entire quote
(e) INCORRECT: Joshua said, “ I would like

“ “
to go. “ Can we leave in an hour?
129
14-8 QUOTED SPEECH
(f) “I would like to go,” said Joshua.
end of quoted sentence ,

(g) “Are you ready to go?” said Andrea.
end of quoted question ?

130
CORRECT or INCORRECT ?
“You should ask the teacher,””,said Erica.
131
“Will you do that ?”,” she asked.
132
Erica said, “Maybe I can help you.
I’d be happy to try.”
133
14-9 QUOTED SPEECH vs. REPORTED SPEECH
He said, “This is serious.”

She said, “I hope not.”
134
QUOTED SPEECH:
(a) Laurette said, “I want to watch a movie.”
(b) LeRoy said, “I want to watch sports.”
quoted speech = exact words in quotes
135
REPORTED SPEECH:
(c) Laurette said (that) she wanted to watch

a movie.
(d) LeRoy said (that) he would rather watch
sports.
Reported basic idea of

speech = the speaker’s
words
136
QUOTED SPEECH:
Nazan said, “I wish this class were longer.”
REPORTED SPEECH:
Nazan said ____

that he _______
wished this class were
longer.
137
QUOTED SPEECH:
Su Jin said, “We should study together.”
REPORTED SPEECH:
Su Jin said ____

that we should _____
study together.
138
QUOTED SPEECH:
Atabe said, “You should visit my village.”
REPORTED SPEECH:
Atabe said ____

that we should visit his
___ village.
139
14-10 VERB FORMS IN REPORTED SPEECH
QUOTED: REPORTED:
“I’m angry.” Ben said he

was angry.
140
(a) QUOTED:
Mary said, “I enjoy yoga.”
(b) REPORTED:
Mary said that she enjoyed yoga.
(c) QUOTED:
David said, “I love tennis.”
(d) REPORTED:
David said that he loved tennis.
FORMAL ENGLISH
reporting verb often noun clause verb
in past in past
141
She said
I’m shocked. she is
(e) What did
shocked.
Janel say?
Janel
142
(e) QUOTED: Janel said, “I am shocked.”

REPORTED: Janel said she is shocked.
INFORMAL ENGLISH
reporting verb sometimes no change in

in past noun clause verb
143
(f) What did Janel tell you when you saw her
last night?
REPORTED: Janel said she was shocked.
LATER REPORTING
reporting verb noun clause verb

in past in past
144
(g) Janel says (that) she is shocked.
reporting verb: noun clause verb:

present tense no change
145
QUOTED SPEECH: “We love being together.”

REPORTED SPEECH (formal or later reporting):
They said _____________________
they loved being together.
REPORTED SPEECH (informal or immediate reporting):
They said _____________________
they love being together.
146
Reported Speech: Verb forms in NC
Quoted speech Reported speech
“ I watch TV every day.” She said she watched TV every
day.
“I am watching TV.” She said she was watching TV.
“I have watched TV.” She said she had watched TV.
“I will watch TV.” She said she would watch TV
“I’m going to watch TV.” She said she was going to watch
TV.
“I can watch TV.” She said she could watch TV.
“I may watch TV.” She said she might watch TV.
“I must watch TV.” She said she had to watch TV.
“ I have to watch TV.” She said she had to watch TV.
147
14-11 COMMON REPORTING VERBS: TELL, ASK,
ANSWER/REPLY
These plans tell

us that we still
have a lot of work
to do.
148
ANSWER/REPLY
(a) Janel said that she was shocked.
say = reporting verb
say + noun clause
149
ANSWER/REPLY
(b) Janel told me that she was shocked.

(c) Janel told Amy that she was shocked.
tell = reporting verb

tell + object + noun clause
INCORRECT: Janel told that she was shocked.
INCORRECT: Janel said me that she was

shocked.
150
ANSWER/REPLY
(d) QUOTED: Su Lin said (to me), “Are you sad?”

REPORTED: Su Lin asked (me) if I was sad.
(e) Su Lin wanted to know if I was sad.

Su Lin wondered if I was sad.
Su Lin inquired whether or not I was sad.
asked (said) report questions

want to know
wonder report questions
inquire
151
ANSWER/REPLY
(f) QUOTED: Su Lin said (to me), “Are you sad?”

REPORTED: I answered/replied that I wasn’t sad.
answer, reply report replies
152
Raj _____
said that he might quit say
his job. tell
ask
153
I don’t know why Raj _____

told me say
that he was thinking of quitting tell
his job. ask
154
I don’t know why Raj ______

asked me say
if he should quit his job. tell
ask
155
Exercise 21
156
Summary
The Passive:
- Form: Be + V3/V_ed
- Transitive/instransitive verbs
- Direct/Indirect objects
- Participial adj: V-ing/V_ed
- Passive with Get
157
Noun clauses:
- What is a noun clause?
- Noun clauses beginning with
question words, if/whether, that
- Quoted speech
- Reported speech
158

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GRAMMAR 2

Instructor: Nguyen T. Thuy Duong

 Introduction to the course calendar

UNDERSTANDING AND USING

• Class attendance 10%

Chapter 20 – Conditional sentences and wishes

The chair is being made

(a) ACTIVE: The carpenter sanded the wood.

(b) PASSIVE: The wood was sanded by the

object of active subject of passive

Fuel is burned by cars

(a) Coffee is grown by farmers.

SIMPLE PRESENT Cars burn fuel.

(a) This desk was made by Manuel.

by phrase important information

(b) This desk was made in Taiwan.

A photo is being taken by Elton.

present progressive: passive form

past progressive: passive form

Lin will e-mail you.

ACTIVE MODAL PASSIVE MODAL

FORM: modal + be + past participle

verb + object verb + object

(c) TRANSITIVE VERBS

(d) INTRANSITIVE VERBS

(e) INCORRECT: Birds are fly.

(c) TRANSITIVE VERBS

(d) INTRANSITIVE VERBS

transitive verbs passive okay

Eva won a medal.

Tim Berners-Lee invented the

Active: The salesman showed him (indirect object) a

Lily is pleased with her life.

(g) Lily is divorced from Jack.

happy with her new laptop.

Emma makes pottery.

(a) I am interested in pottery.

(b) Pottery is interesting.

past participle feelings

Ben was thrilled with the promotion.

(c) Ben was thrilled.

past participle passive meaning

(e) I heard some disappointing news.

People often get thirsty

GET + PAST PARTICIPLE

GET PAST PARTICIPLE

like an adjective, describes subject

got sleepy while he was working.

is getting frustrated with his work.

got cold early this year.

We are used to driving in

(a) We are used to this city.

(b) We are accustomed to this city.

(c) We are used to living in this city.

(d) We are accustomed to living in this city.

(e) I just moved to Athens, Greece. I have

beginning to feel normal

I always go to the beach.

I’m confused. I _____________

Maybe I’ll call Eva. She _____________

He used to eat meat, but

(a) He used to eat meat, but now he is

(b) He is used to eating meat.