INTRODUCTION

In 1757 Mir Jafar, the president of the multitude of the Nawab of Bengal, alongside Jagat Seth,
and some others, subtly plotted with the British, requesting that help topple the Nawab as a trade-
off for exchange awards. The British powers, whose sole obligation up to that point was
guarding Company property, were mathematically sub-par compared to the Bengali military. At
the Battle of Plassey on 23 June 1757, battled between the British under the order of Robert
Clive and the Nawab, Mir Jafar's powers sold out the Nawab and aided loss him. Jafar was
introduced on the seat as a British compliant ruler. The fight changed British viewpoint as they
understood their solidarity and potential to overcome more modest Indian realms and denoted the
start of the magnificent or provincial period in South Asia.

English approach in Asia during the nineteenth century was primarily worried about extending
and securing its hang on India, seen as its most significant state and the way in to the remainder
of Asia. The East India Company drove the development of the British Empire in Asia. The
organization's military had first united with the Royal Navy during the Seven Years' War, and
the two kept on coordinating in fields outside India: the expulsion of Napoleon from Egypt
(1799), the catch of Java from the Netherlands (1811), the securing of Singapore (1819) and
Malacca (1824), and the loss of Burma (1826).

From its base in India, the organization had additionally been occupied with an undeniably
beneficial opium send out exchange to China since the 1730s. This exchange helped switch the
exchange uneven characters coming about because of the British imports of tea, which saw
enormous surges of silver from Britain to China. In 1839, the seizure by the Chinese specialists
at Canton of 20,000 chests of opium drove Britain to assault China in the First Opium War, and
the seizure by Britain of the island of Hong Kong, around then a minor settlement.
BACKGROUND

In 1817, James mill divided history in three pasts which is in Hindu, Muslim. And British. James
mill thought that India is uncivilized country and we need to make them civilised. According to
James mill, no proper education rendered, religious apathy among against other religions, caste
discrimination, superstitions beliefs are present in India. We have to colonise India and introduce
European arts, education and laws in India. In his thoughts, India can’t be civilized without
British and without colonisation.

HOW DO WE KNOW, OUR BRITISH COLONISATION

 From official records of British.

 From various surveys and census
 Various autobiography, poems, of the local people.

ARRIVAL OF BRITISHERS

In 1600, Queen Elizabeth 1 issued a charter to trade in the east to east India Company. First ship
of British sails through Cape of Good Hope and enter into Indian Ocean. Ralph Fitch was first to
arrive in India.

TRADE FROM BENGAL

 From the Bengal, Britishers started the trade. First factory was established on the bank of
river Hugli in 1651. At that time nawab was alivardi Khan.
 1
They bribed Mughal officials and get the zamindari system of three villages
 Aurangzeb grants the right to east India Company to trade duty free.

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REASONS FOR BATTLE OF PLASSEY

 They refused to pay the duty for the private trade which lead to disagreement between the
nawab of Bengal and Britishers.
 Fort William fortification started without permission of sirajuddaula.
 Black hole tragedy.

This disagreement leads to battle of Plassey between sirajuddaula and Robert Clive in 1756. This
battle resulted in the defeat of nawab of Bengal. The main reason was that the mir Jafar never
fought the battle, Britishers promise him to give the title of nawab of Bengal. After that mir Jafar
became the nawab of Bengal.

 Battle of bedara in 1759 between Dutch and English. Dutch lose.

 Mir Qasim shifted the capital to munger from murshidabad.

When mir Jafar protested against the Britishers, he was removed by the Britishers and in place of
him mir qasim became nawab. Again mir Qasim protested, lead to battle of Buxar between
Mughal(shah alam 2), awadh( sujjauddaula), Bengal (mir qasim) and Munro in 1764 where he
was defeated and mir Jafar again became the nawab of Bengal.

 Company became the diwan of Bengal, Bihar, Orissa by the Mughals.

 Treaty of Allahabad was sign between Robert Clive and shah alam 2.
 Dual govt. Established in Bengal. Diwani was control by Britishers and nizamat was
control by nawab by the assistance of Britishers.

POLICIES

Company introduced the subsidiary alliance by lord Cornwallis according to which no ruler can
own separate military. Company will provide military to the rulers. But rulers has to pay the
military forces and in case, they failed to pay for the forces, certain amount of territory will be
captured as a penalty.
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CAPTURE OF MYSORE

The ruler of Mysore was Haidar Ali and after him Tipu Sultan became the ruler of Mysore. In
order to capture Mysore, Britishers fought four battles and in the last battle of serringpatnam,
Tipu Sultan was defeated by the Britishers. After defeating Tipu Sultan, subsidiary alliance was
imposed on the Mysore.

 First anglo-mysore war resulted in treaty of Mysore and Haidar Ali won the battle.
 Second anglo-mysore war resulted in treaty of Mangalore and battle was not decided.
 Third anglo-mysore war resulted in treaty of serringpatnam and Tipu Sultan lose the
battle.
 Fourth anglo-mysore war resulted in death of Tipu Sultan.

TIPU SULTAN ADMINISTRATION

 introduced sericulture.
 Formed Jacobin club.
 Port of admiralty was established.

CAPTURE OF MARATHA

Britishers fought three wars against Marathas. Before first anglo-maratha war treaty of surat,
purandar,budhaon was signed. In first anglo-maratha war resulted in treaty of salbai. In second
anglo-maratha war resulted in capturing of provinces of Agra and Delhi. In third anglo-maratha
war resulted in the victory of Britishers.

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https://www.jstor.org/stable/650259
PESHWAS

 First peshwa was Balaji vishwanath

 Bajirao 1
confederacy was established by bajirao 1
 Balaji bajirao

CLAIM OF PARAMOUNTCY

According to this, British power is supreme. Warren Hastings threaten various territory and
surrender to the power of Britishers. By this, large number of territory was annexed by the
Britishers.

CAPTURE OF SINDH

Britishers promise the Sindh to protect them from Afghanistan and raja ranjit Singh. Subsidiary
alliance was signed by amirs.

CAPTURE OF PUNJAB

Britishers fought anglo-sikh wars and at last resulted in capturing of Punjab region.

DOCTRINE OF LAPSE

Lord Dalhousie introduces the doctrine of lapse. According to which, if any ruler died without
having a male hier. His territory would be captured. By this also large territory was annexed
including awadh, jhasi.
ADMINISTRATION OF TERRITORY

Britishers divided their territories into three presidencies. Namely, Bengal, Bombay, Madras.
And administered by governor. These presidencies are headed by governer general of Bengal
First governer general was Warren Hastings.

New system of justice was introduced. In regulating act, 1773 supreme court was established in
Kolkata. Major problem relating to religion laws. NB Halhed translated the Hindu law into
English.

Soldiers were trained according to modern technology and European style. Major problem in
this. Was while forming army, all persons were equally treated. Which was a great concern
because at that time caste discrimination was prevailing and no one going to accept this system.

CONCLUSION

The Company's triumph under Robert Clive in the 1757 Battle of Plassey and another triumph in
the 1764 Battle of Buxar , merged the Company's force, and constrained ruler Shah Alam II to
choose it the Diwan or income authority, of Bengal, Bihar, and Orissa. The Company
accordingly turned into the accepted leader of huge zones of the lower Gangetic plain by 1773.
In 1793, the nizamat was canceled by the Company. It assumed total responsibility for Bengal-
Bihar locale and the Nawabs remained as simple beneficiaries of the Company. It additionally
continued by degrees to grow its territories around Bombay and Madras. The Anglo-Mysore
Wars (1766–99) and the Anglo-Maratha Wars (1772–1818) left it in charge of enormous regions
of India south of the Sutlej River. With the loss of the Marathas, no local force addressed a
danger for the Company any more.

The development of the Company's force mainly took two structures. The first of these was the
by and large extension of Indian states and ensuing direct administration of the fundamental
locales, which all things considered came to involve British India.