ig E (©) We know that a decrease in volume or an increase in pressure of an equilibrium mintare ‘of gases causcs a nct reaction in the direction producing the smaller number of moles of gas, In the reaction in question, that direction is to the left: one mole of N,O,(g) is formed when two moles of NOs(g) combine. Thus, decreasing the eylinder volume would have the initial effect of doubling both [N,O,] and [NO,] In order to reestablish equilibrium, some NO» will then be converted into N,O,. Note, however, that the NO, concentration wil still ultimately end up being higher than it was prior fo pressurization. (8) Inthe balanced chemical equation for the chemical reaction, An. =(I+1)=(1+1)=0 As consequence, a change in overall volume of toal gas pressure will have no effect on the positon of equilibrium. [nthe equilibrium constant expression, the two partial pressures in the numerator will be affected to exactly the same degree, as will the two partial pressures in the denominator, and asa result, Q, will continue to equal K,, (E) The cited reaction is endothermic. Raising the temperature on an equilibrium mixture favors the endothermic reaction. Thus, N,O,(g) should decompose more completely at higher temperatures and the amount of NO,(g) formed froma given amount of N,O,(s) will be greater at high temperatures than at low ones. (F) The NHs{g) formation reaction is £N, (g) +$H, (e)—» NH, (g), AH =—46 11 kl This reaction isan cxothermi reaction. Lowering temperature cauaca a cif in the direction Of this exothermic reaction to the right toward products. Thus, the equilibrium [NH,(2)] wi he greater at 100°C (B) We write the expression for K, und then substitule expressions for molar comveatrations. oat (4, FIS,) ($3) 3.00 ay s19¢ 4 2.18) 3.00 (1 We write the equilibrium constant expression and solve for [N,0,] (MD We write the equilibrium constant expression and solve for [N,0,] ‘NO, ‘No, J 0.0236)" k= ana? LOD. [y.0,)- ROL 009) ai No.) 46110 ‘Then we determine the mass of N,O, present in 2.26 L 0.121 mol NO, mass= 2.26 Lx. iLJA, (M) We use the inital-shange-cquilibrium sctup to cstablish the amount of cach substance at equilibnum. We then label each entry in the table inthe order of ts determination (1*, 243%, 4, st), to better illustrate the technique, We know the initial amounts ofall substances (1°), There are no products atthe stat Because “inital”+ “‘change"= “equilibrium” the equilibrium amount 2") of Br, (g) enables us to determine “change” (3") for Br,(2). We then use stoichiomesry o write other cui a8 the “change” line. And finally, we determine the remaining equilibrium amounts 5"), Reaction: 2NOB(2) = 2NO(g) + — BE(s) Initial: 1.86 mol (1*) 0.00 mol (1"), 0.00 mol (1) Change: 0.164 mol (4°) 0.168 mol (4%) 40.082 mol (3° Equil.: 1.70 mol (5) 0.164 mol (5) 0.082 mol 2") (or) ("re") (=) FI-2=41, K,-K, (RT) 1.510 0(0.08314298 )— 3.7107 [NOF Be] [Noni 1sx10* Hee, An, (M) Use the amounts stated in the problem to determine the equilibrium concentration for each substance. Reaction: 280,(g) == 280,(z) + — 0,(x) Initial: mol 0.100 mol 0.100 mol Changes: 0.0916 mol 0.0916 mol =0,0016/2 mol Equil. 0.0916 mol 0.0084 mot 0.0542 mol Jone: £20916 mol 0.0084 mol 0.0542 mol Concentrations; SO7LE mot a a 1321 TS2L 13L Concentrations: 0.0603 M 0.0055 M. 0.0357 M We use these values to compute K, for the reaction and then the relationship K,=K(RI)"™ (with An, = 2+1-2=41) to determine the value of K, 0,(M) The equilibrium coastant expression is K, = P{H,} P{CO,} =0.231 at 100°C. From the balanced chemical equation, we sce that one mole of H,0(g) is formed for each mole of CO,(g) produced. Consequently, P{H,0} = P{CO,} and K, =(P{CO,})'. We solve this expression for P{CO,} : P{CO,}~ YCPICO,)y ~ J; = VO23T 0.481 atm, (M) The equation for the reaction is NH,HS(s)==NH, (2)+H,S(g), K, = 0.108 at 25°C. The twa partial pressures do nat have ta he equal at equilibeiuen. The only instance in which they must he equal is when the two gases come solely from the decomposition of NHHS(s) In this ease, some of the NH.(g) has come from another source. We can obtain the pressure of H.Sig) by substitution into the equilibrium constant expression, since we are given the equilibrium pressure of NH,() k,=Pu.si Pov) ~0108=Mutsix0500amNi, Pus) 222-o2t6am $0, Pout = P,,+ Py, =0.216aim ~ 0.500 atm = 0.716 atm (M) We set up this problem in the same manner that we have previously employed, namely designating the equilibrium amount of Hl as 2x. (Note that we have used the same ‘multipliers for x as the stoichiometric coefficients.) Equation, H(z) + Le) = 2m) Initial: 0.150 mol 0.200 mot Omol Changes: =x mol =x mol 42x mol Equil (0.180-=) mol (0.200-x) mol. 2 mol 2) aoe 802 150” 150 We substitute these terms into the equilibrium constant expression and solve for x. 4x* = (0.150—x1(0.200—x}50.2 =50.2(0,0300—0.350x + 1°) = 1 51-17.6x+50.2s°