Lab no:8

Name: Jacob.E.Seraphine

Class:WA3

Subject: Biology

Teacher: Kian Felix

Date: May 8, 2020

Title: Bone

Aim: To investigate the substance that makes bone hard.

Apparatus:container, chicken bone,vinegar and foil or lid of

the container

Procedure:

Step 1 : file container with vinegar.

Step 2 : fully submerge the chicken bone in the vinegar and

cover the container.

Step 3 : check on your chicken bone after a few days or

hours to see if the bone is flexible. If you want all the calcium

carbonate removed, then continue to soak the bone in the

vinegar for a span of 3-5 days ( How long the bone has to

soak in the vinegar depend on the size of the bone )

Step 4 : remove the bone from the vinegar, rinse it in water

and allow it to dry.

Results: Draw and describe the bone before and after the

experiment.

Interpretation:

● Explain the importance of bone in a living

organism.

1. To protect vital organs such as : the

brain , the heart , the spinal cord and

the lungs.

2. To house important nutrients such as

calcium

3. To provide structural support for the

body

4. To provide and environment for your

yellow and red bone marrow.

 ● Discuss the advantages of the strength of bone

to the living organism.

1. It protects vital organs.

2. It helps prevent torsion stress ( twisting of

bones ).

3. It provides structural support for the body.

● Explain what substance makes bone hard.

● Calcium in the form of hydroxyapatite makes up 70% of

bone mass and is strong enough to support your body but

your bones can't be calcium alone because it will become

brittle and it will break. That's why a fibrous protein collagen

makes up the other 30% of your bones mass by giving your

bone flexibility to withstand torsion stress and bone fractures.

● Explain in detail why the bone changed.

● The acetic acid in the vinegar will break

down the calcium carbonate in the bone

while the collagen remains. Which is why

the bone will become flexible.

● Outline three sources of error

○ During the experiment, the bone was

removed 3 times from the container

;therefore, the bone’s soaking period

was extended.

○ After leaving the bone to soak for a

week, the diaphysis section broke in

half; as a result, the experiment had

to be conducted again.

○ On my 3rd attempt, the entire

structure absorbed no vinegar at all

after a 3 week period so the

experiment was conducted again.

● Give a reflection.