ARELLANO UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF LAW

REMEDIAL LAW DEPARTMENT

SYLLABUS: SCHOOL YEAR 2020-2021

REMEDIAL LAW REVIEW I

CIVIL PROCEDURE
(As amended by A.M. No. 19-10-20-SC, effective May 1, 2020)

I. JURISDICTION

A. Classes of Jurisdiction
- Jurisdiction according to its nature: original, appellate
- Jurisdiction according to its object; corresponding principles
i. Over the subject matter
ii. Over the persons of the parties
iii. Over the “res”
iv. Over the issues
v. Over the territory

B. Elements of Jurisdiction: subject matter, parties, issues

C. Jurisdiction of Regular Courts

1. Supreme Court
2. Court of Appeals
3. Regional Trial Court
A. Intellectual Property Courts
B. Special Courts
4. Family Courts
5. Metropolitan Trial Courts
Municipal Trial Courts in cities
Municipal Trial Courts and
Municipal Circuit Courts
6. Sandiganbayan
Hannah Serena vs. Sandiganbayan, 653 SCRA (2011)
Duncano vs. Sandiganbayan, 762 SCRA (2015)
Delima vs. Guerrero, 843 SCRA (2017)
7. Court of Tax-Appeals
City of Manila vs. Judge Cuerdo, February 4, 2014
CE Casecnan Water & Energy Co. vs. Prov. Of Nueva Ecija 759 CRA 180
8. Quasi-Judicial Tribunals (Sec. 1, Rule 43)
9. Sharia’h Courts: appellate, district, circuit
Lomondot vs. Balindong 762 SCRA 494
Municipality of Tangkal vs. Balindong, 814 SCRA (2017)
 D. Discuss the concept, description and application of the following:
1. Delegated jurisdiction
2. Special jurisdiction
3. Limited jurisdiction
4. Primary jurisdiction
Unduran vs. Aberasturi, 823 SCRA (2017)
LBP vs. Dalauta, 835 SCRA (2017)
5. Residual Jurisdiction
Dev. Bank of the Phil. Vs. Carpio, 816 SCRA (2017)
o Requisites: trial, judgment, appeal
6. Equity jurisdiction
Regulus dev. Inc. vs. De la Cruz, 781 SCRA (2016)
7. Epistolary jurisdiction
Resident Marine Mammals vs. Reyes, 756 SCRA (2015)
8. Split jurisdiction
City of Manila vs. Judge Cuerdo (2014)
9. Expanded/Extended jurisdiction
Edcel Lagman vs. Pimentel III, 854 SCRA (2018)

References:
1. Section 5, Article VIII, 1986 Constitution
2. Judiciary Reorganization Act of 1980
3. B.P. Blg. 129
4. RA 7691
5. RA 8369 (Family Courts Act)
6. SC-AO No. 113-95-Intellectual Property Courts
7. PD 1486; 1606 (Sandiganbayan)
8. RA 7975; 8249; 10660 (Sandiganbayan)
9. RA 9282 (Court of Tax Appeals)
10. RA 9054 (Sharia’h Courts)

Other Cases On:

Jurisdictional estoppel
1. Deuro vs. CA – 373 SCRA 11
2. Gonzaga vs. CA – 394 SCRA 472
3. Manila Bankers vs. Ng Kok Wei, 418 SCRA
4. Boston Equity Resources, Inc. vs. CA, 699 SCRA
Hierarchy of Courts
5. Agan vs. Piato, 420 SCRA
6. Liga Ng Mga Barangay vs. Atienza, 420 SCRA
7. St. Mary Crusade Fndtn vs. Riel, 745 SCRA
8. INTRAMUROS Administration vs. Offshore Construction and Development Co.,
857 SCRA (2017)
9. Bureau of Customs vs. Gallegos
 Residual Prerogatives
10. Katon vs. Palanca, 437 SCRA
Concurrent Jurisdiction: Pat-og vs. CSC, 697 SCRA (2013)
Actions incapable of pecuniary estimation: First Sarmiento Property Holdings, Inc. vs.
Phil Bank of Communications, June 19, 2018 Justice Leonen, en banc (note: for class
discussion

II. RULES 1 TO 5

A. Actions: Commencement (Section 3 and 5, R-1)

Cases:
1. Alday vs. FGU insurance – 350 SCRA
2. Mercado vs. C.A, 569 SCRA
3. Proton Pilipinas vs. Banque Nationale de Paris, 460 SCRA
4. Ruby Shelter Builders vs. Formaran, 578 SCRA 283
5. St. Luis University vs. Cobarubias, 626 SCRA 649
6. Gipa vs. Southern Luzon Institute, 726 SCRA, June 18, 2014
7. Sy-Vargas vs. Estate of Orgos, 805 SCRA (2016)
8. Camaso vs. TSM Shippping Inc., 807 SCRA (2016)

B. One suit for one action (Sec. 3, R-2)

Splitting a single cause of action (Sec. 4, R-2)
Joinder of Cause of action (S-5. R-2)
Case: Dynamic Builders vs. Presbitero, 755 SCRA 90 (2015)
- No injunction against national govt projects

C. Parties to Civil Actions (S-1, R-3)

Joiner of Parties (S-6, 7, R-3)
Indispensable and Necessary Parties (S-7, 8, R-3)
Class Suit (S-12, R-3)
Death of Separation of Party (S-16, 17, 18, R-3)
Transfer of Interest (S-19, R-3)
Contractual Money Cliams (S-20, R-3)
Cases:
1. Relucio vs. Lopez, 373 SCRA 578
2. De Castro vs CA 386 SCRA 301
3. Oriquiola vs CA – 389 SCRA 461
4. China Banking Corp., vs Oliver – 390 SCRA 263
5. DAVID VS Paragas, Jr. 751 SCRA 648
6. Land Bank vs. Cacayuran, 757 SCRA, April 22, 2015
7. Lotte Phils. Co. Inc. vs. De la Cruz – 464 SCRA 519
8. Carabeo vs. Dingco, 647 SCRA 200
9. De la Cruz vs. Juauin – 464 SCRA 200
10. Navarro vs. Escobido, 606 SCRA 1
11. Divinagracia vs. Parilla, 753 SCRA 87
12. Enrique vda de Santiago vs. Vilar, 857 SCRA (2017)
 D. Venue of Actions: real actions, personal actions
Cases:
1. Pacific Consultants International Asia vs. Schonfeld – 516 SCRA
2. Biaco vs. Countryside Rural Bank – 515 SCRA 106
3. BPI Savings Bank vs. Sps. Yujuico – 763 SCRA 486 (7/2015)
4. Planters Dev. Bank vs. Ramos, 840 SCRA (2017)

E. Summary Procedure vs. Small Claims suit

- What are their salient characteristics

- How to determine if the case is summary or under small claims
- OCA 45-2019: increased amount of small claims to P400,000
Case:
A.L. Ang Network Inc. vs. Mondejar, 714 SCRA (1/28/14)

III. RULE 6: Kinds of Pleadings (Sections 1-13)

A. Pleadings: Complaint, Answer, Counterclaim, Cross-claim, Reply,

Third-Party Compliant, Counter-Counterclaim, Intervention
- Compulsory vs. Permissive Counterclaim
B. Defense: Negative, Affirmative, Negative Pregnant

Cases:
1. Alba vs. Malapajo – 780 SCRA 534
2. Lim Teck Chuan vs. Uy – 752 SCRA 268
3. Metrobank vs. CPR Promotions – 760 SCRA 59
4. Valdez vs. Dabon – 775 SCRA 1
5. Republic vs. Sandiganbayan – 406 SCRA 190
6. Caneland Sugar Corp vs. Alon – 533 SCRA 28

IV. RULE 7: Parts and contents of Pleading (Section 1-6)

A. Parts: Caption, Body, Relief, Date

B. Signature and Address
C. Distinguish Verification and Certification
D. Distinguish Parts and Contents

Cases:
1. Alma Jose vs. Javellana – 664 SCRA 1
2. Medado vs. Heirs of Antonio Consing – 665 SCRA 534
3. COA vs. Paler – 614 SCRA
4. Basan vs. Coca-Cola Bottlers Phils. 749 SCRA 541
5. Uy vs. CA – 770 SCRA 513
6. People vs. Arojado – 774 SCRA 193
7. Powerhouse vs. Rey, 807 SCRA (2016)
 8. Heirs of Josefina Gabriel vs. Segundina Cebrero, Nov. 2, 2018

V. RULE 8: Manner of Making Allegations in Pleadings (Section 1-13)

A. Allegations and Pleadings: ultimate facts and evidence

B. Actionable documents: how to allege, hoe to contest
C. Affirmative defenses in the Answer; effects
Cases:
1. Fernando Medical Enterprises vs. Wesleyan University 781 SCRA 508, January 20,
2016
2. Go Tong Electrical Supply vs. BPI Family Savings Bank 760 SCRA 486
3. Asian Const. & Dev. Corp, vs. CA – 458 SCRA
4. Benguet Exploration Inc. vs. CA – 351 SCRA

VI. RULE 9: Effect of Failure to Plead (Section 1-3)

A. Effect of failure to plead
B. Waiver of defense and ojections
C. Default:
- when to declare
- how to declare
- Order of Default vs. Judgment by Default; remedies
Cases:
1. BDO vs. Tansipek – 593 SCRA 456
2. Salvador vs. Rabaja – 749 SCRA 654
3. Bitte vs. Jonas – 777 SCRA 489

VII. RULE 10: Amended and Suplemental Pleadings (Section 1-9)

A. Amendments: 1) a matter of right a matter of discretion

2) formal or substantial
B. Amendments to conform to the evidence, not necessary
C. Effects and amendments
D. Supplemental Pleadings

Cases:
1. Yujuico vs. United Resources Asset Mgt. Corp. – 760 SCRA
2. Lisan Enterprises vs. Banco De Oro – 670 SCRA
3. Tiu vs. Phil. Bank of Communications – 596 SCRA 432
4. Remington Industrial Sales Corp. vs. CA – 382 SCRA 499

VIII. RULE 11: When to File Responsive Pleadings (Section 1-11)

- Notes the changes in the periods to file responsive pleadings
1. Answer: a) 30 calendar days from summons
b) 60 calendar days when def. is foreign private corp.
c) 30 calendar days when complaint is amended as a matter of right; otherwise, 15
calendar days
 d) 30/15 to amended counterclaim, cross-claim, third-party complaint, complaint-
in-intervention
e) 20 calendar days to supplemental complaint
2. Reply: 15 calendar days

- Extension of time to file responsive pleadings: only once, 30 cal. Days maximum

IX. RULE 12: Bill of Particulars (Sections 1-6)

- When applied/purpose
- Compliance vs. non-compliance

X. RULE 13: Filing and Service Pleadings, Judgments and Other Papers (Sections 1-9)

A. Distinguish Filing from Service

B. Manner of Filing; Modes of Service
- Service by electronic means and facsimile
- What is presumptive service
- What is conventional service
- Is there still priority in the mode of service?

C. Completeness of Filling/Service
D. Proof of Filling/Service
E. Notice of Lis Pendens
Cases:
1. Palileo vs. Planters Dev. Bank – 738 SCRA
2. Heirs of Numeriano Miranda vs. Miranda – 700 SCRA

XI. RULE 14: Summons (Sections 1-23)

A. What is Summons; Alias Summons

B. Who issues summons
C. Who serves summons
D. To whom served
- To entity without juridical personality (S-7)
- To prisoners (S-8)
- To minors and incompetents (S-10)
- To spouses (S-11)
- To juridical entities: public private; domestic or foreign
E. Kinds of Summons
a. Service in person (S-5)
b. Substituted(S-6)
c. Extraterritorial (S-17)
1. Personal
2. Publication
3. Any mode
 d. Publication (S-16)
F. Proofs of Service (S-21, 22)
G. Voluntary Appearance (S-23)
Cases:
1. Valmonte vs CA – 252 SCRA
2. Millenium Ind. & Com. Corp.., vs Tan – 326 SCRA
3. E.B. Villarosa vs. Benito – 312 SCRA
4. Santos vs. PNOC Exploration, 566 SCRA 272
5. Mason vs.CA, 413 SCRA
6. Jose vs. Bayon, 414 SCRA
7. Manotoc vs. CA – 499 SCRA 21
8. Ong vs. Co, February 25, 2015
9. Domagas vs. Jensen – 448 SCRA 663
10. Dole Phil. Vs. Quilala – 557 SCRA 663
11. Green Star Express vs. Nissin Universal Robina Corp – 761 SCRA
12. Guy vs. Gacott – 780 SCRA 579 (1/13/16)
13. G.V. Florida Transit Inc. vs. Tiara Commercial Corporation 842 SCRA, October 18,
2017
On voluntary appearance:
1. Sunrise Garden Corp. vs. CA – 771 SCRA 616
2. Tujan-Militante vs. Nustad, 872 SCRA (2017)

XII. RULES 15: Motions (Sections 1-13)

A. Definition
B. Requirements
C. Kinds: Litigious; non-litigious
D. Omnibus Motion
E. Prohibited Motions
F. Dismissal With Prejudice
Cases:
1. Republic vs. Dimarucut, 857 SCRA (2017)
2. Acampado vs. Cosmilla, 771 SCRA
3. Laude vs. Gines-Jabalde, 775 SCRA
4. De Guzman vs. Ochoa, 684 SCRA

Note: Rule 16 has been deleted and/or transposed

XIII. RULE 17: Dismissal of Actions (Section1-4)

A. Dismissal Upon Notice (S-1)
B. Dismissal Upon Motion (S-2)
C. Dismissal due to plaintiff’s fault (S-3)
Cases:
1. Blay vs. VBana, 858 SCRA, 3/7/2018
2. Lim Tech Chuan, 752 SCRA 268
3. Ching vs. Cheng, 737 SCRA
XIV. RULE 18: Pre-trial (Sections 1-10)

A. When conducted
B. Nature and purpose
C. Notice
 D. Effect of Failure to appear
E. Pre-Trial Brief/Pre-trial Order
F. Mediations
G. Judicial Dispute Resolutions

Note: A.M. No. 03-1-09 Supreme Court effective August 16, 2004 (Guidelines to
be observed by trial courts judges and clerks of the court in the conduct of pre-trial and use of
deposition-discovery measures)

XV. RULE 19: Intervention (Sections 1-4)

- Who may intervene (S-1)
- When to intervene (S-2)
Cases:
1. Office of the Ombudsman vs. Sison, 612 SCRA
Compare with Ombudsman vs. Chavez, 700 SCRA
2. Anonuevo vs. Intestate Estate of Janlandoni, 636 SCRA
3. Rodriguez vs. CA, 698 SCRA 352
4. Fernandez vs CA, 691 SCRA 167
5. Yao vs. Perello, 414 SCRA
6. Pinlac vs. CA, 410 SCRA
7. Chipongian vs. Benitez-Lirio - 768 SCRA 204

XVI. RULES 20 to 22:

A. Calendar of Cases (Sections 1-2)
B. Subpoena (Sections 1-10)
C. Computation of Time (Sections 1-2)

XVII. RULES 23-29: MODES OF DISCOVERY

A. Rule 23: Depositions Pending Actions (Sections 1-29)

a. Use of depositions (S-4)
b. Officers to take depositions (S-10, 11, 12)
c. Deposition upon oral examination (S-15)
d. Deposition upon written interrogatories (S-25)
e. Effects of errors and irregularities (S-29)
People vs. M.C. Sergio and J. Lacanilao, October 9, 2019
- Rule 23 was applied in a criminal case (Note: for class discussion)
Cases:
1. Dasmarinas Garments, Inc vs. Reyes, 225 SCRA
2. People vs. Webb, 312 SCRA
3. Vda de Manguerra vs. Risos, 563 SCRA
4. Disini vs. Sandiganbayan, 623SCRA
5. Go vs. People, 677 SCRA

B. Rule 24: Depositions Before Actions or Pending Appeal (Sections 1-7)

C. Rule 25: Interrogatories to Parties (Sections 1-6)
Cases:
1. Afulugencia vs. Metrobank, 715 SCRA
2. Phil. Health vs. Our Lady of Lourdes Hospital, 744 SCRA
- Effect of failure to serve written interrogatories

D. Rule 26: Admission by Adverse Party (Sections 1-5)

- Effect to failure to file and serve request for admission
Case: Duque vs. Yu, 856 SCRA (2017)

E. Rule 27: Production or Inspection of Documents or Things (One Section)

F. Rule 28: Physical and Mental Examination of Persons (Sections 1-6)

G. Rule 29: Refusal to Comply with Modes of Discovery (Sections 1-6)

XVIII. RULE 30: Trial (Sections 1-9)

A. Schedule of Trial (S-1)
B. Adjournment and Postponement (S-2,3,4)
C. Order of Trial (S-5)
D. Reception of Evidence (S-9)
-compare with Rule 119: trial in criminal cases

XIX. RULE 31: Consolidation of Severance (Sections 1-2)

Consolidation (S-1)
Cases: Rep. vs Heirs of Enrique Oribello, 692 SCRA
Marano vs. Pryce Gases Inc., 755 SCRA
Severance (S-2)
Cases: Metrobank vs. Sandoval, 691 SCRA

XX. RULE 32: Trial By Commissioner (Sections 1-13)

- Distinguish from trial with Assessors

XXI. RULE 33: Demurrer to Evidence (Sections 1-2)

Demurrer to Evidence (Sections 1-2)

- Distinguish between civil and criminal actions
- The similarities and differences between them
Cases:
1. Bernardo vs. CA ̶ 278 SCRA 782 (abandoned?)
2. Radiowealth Finance Co. vs. Del Rosario ̶ 335 SCRA 288
3. Cabador vs. Saraza ̶ 768 SCRA 356
4. Claudio vs. Saraza ̶ 768 SCRA 356
5. Felipe vs. MGM Motor Trading Corp. ̶ 771 SCRA 360
6. Republic vs. Gimenez ̶ 778 SCRA 261 (1/11/16)
7. Macapagal-Arroyo vs. People, July 19, 2016
XXII. RULE 34 & 35: Judgment on the Pleadings (Sections 1-2)
Summary Judgement (Sections 1-6)
Cases:
1. Republic vs. Shell Petroleum Corp. ̶ 777 SCRA 393
2. Comglas Corp. vs. Santos Car Check Center ̶ 754 SCRA 481
3. Phil. Bank of Communications vs. Go. ̶ 642 SCRA
4. Adolfo vs. Adolfo ̶ 753 SCRA 580

XXIII. RULE 36: Judgments, Final Orders and Entry Thereof (Sections 1-6)
- When is judgment deemed entered? Effect?
6. Several judgments (S-4)
7. Separate judgments (S-5)
8. Judgments against entities without personality (S-6)
Cases: FASAP vs PAL, 858 SCRA (for discussion)

REMEDIES AGAINST FINAL JUDGMENTS

XXIV. RULE 37: New Trial or Reconsideration

- Grounds for New Trial (S-1)
- Grounds for Reconsideration (S-1)
- Effects of a Grant or Denial (S-6,7,8)

Cases:
1. Mendezona vs. Ozamis ̶ 376 SCRA
2. People vs. Li Ka Kim ̶ 429 SCRA 169
3. Padilla Rumbaua vs. Rumbaua ̶ 596 SCRA 15
4. Chua vs. People ̶ 778 SCRA 425 (1/11/16)
5. Senit vs. People – 778 SCRA 425 (1/11/16)

XXV. RULE 40 - 45 (APPEALS)

A. Appeal from MTC to RTC (R-40)

Perfection of Appeal (S-4)
Docket Fees (S-5)
Appeals from order of dismissal (S-8)
De Vera vs. Santiago, 759 SCRA 431 (2015)
B. Appeal from RTC to CA (R-41)
Modes of Appeal (S-2)
Notice of Appeal vs Record on Appeal (S-5, 6)
Perfection of Appeal (S-9)
Heirs of Arturo Garcia vs. Mun. of Iba, 763 SCRA 349
C. Petition for Review from RTC to CA (R-42)
How appeal taken (S-1)
Failure to comply with requirements (S-3)
Perfection of Appeal (S-8)
Maravilla vs. Rios, 767 SCRA 522 (2015)
 D. Appeals from QJA to CA (R-43)
Contents of Petition (S-6)
Action on Petition (S-8)
Effect of Appeal (S-12)
Galindez vs. Firmalan, 864 SCRA 282 (June 2018)
E. Ordinary Appealed
Appellants Brief (S-7)
Appellees Brief (S-8)
De los Santos vs. Lucencio, 859 SCRA 449 (March 2018)
F. Appeal by Certiorari (R-45)
Contents of Petition (S-4)
Requirements (S-7)
Mendoza vs. Palugod, 867 SCRA 299 (2018)
Kensonic, Inc. vs. UNI-line Multi Resources, 864 SCRA 560
G. Dismissal of Appeal (R-50)
Valderama vs. Arguelles, 860 SCRA 188 (2018)
Material Data Rule (S-1)
Fresh period Rule: Fortune Life Insurance vs. COA, 845 SCRA (Nov.
21, 2017)

REMEDIES AGAINST EXECUTORY JUDGMENTS

XXVI. RULES 38 and 47

A. Relief from Judgments (R-38)

Petition for Relief from Judgment (S-1)
Petition for Relief from Denial of Appeal (S-2)
Time for Filing Petition (S-3)
Preliminary Injunction (S-5)
Cases:
1. Mesina vs. Meer - 383 SCRA 625
2. The Provincial Government of Aurora
vs. Marco - 757 SCRA 222
3. Thomasites Center for International Studies
vs. Rodriguez - 782 SCRA 391 (1/27/16)

B. Annulment of Judgment (R-47)

Coverage, Grounds, Period (S-1,2,3)
Contents (S-4)
Effect (S-7)
Cases:
1. Diona vs. Balanque ̶ 688 SCRA 22
2. Santos vs. Santos ̶ 737 SCRA 637
3. Yuk Lik Ong vs. Co ̶ 752 SCRA 42
4. Lasala vs. National Food Authority ̶767 SCRA 430
 5. Manguba vs. Morga- Seva ̶ 775 SCRA 312
6. Sibal vs. Buquel ̶ 778 SCRA 517 (1/11/16)
XXVII. RULE 39 – EXECUTION AND SATISFACTION OF JUDGMENTS
A. Kinds of Execution
1. Matter of right, ministerial (S-1)
2. Discretionary (S-2)
a.Stay of discretionary execution (S-3)
b. Judgment not stayed by appeal (S-4)
Cases on execution pending appeal:
Banes vs. Banes, 374 SCRA 340
Santos vs. COMELEC, 399 SCRA 611
FEBTC vs. Toh, 404 SCRA
Stronghold Insurance vs. Felix, 508 SCRA
Abenion vs. Shell Petroleum, 816 SCRA (2017)
Ocampo vs. Enriquez, 835 SCRA 484 (2017)
B. Mode of Execution
1. By motion (S-6)
Villareal vs. MWSS, 857 SCRA 162
RCBC vs. Sera, 701 SCRA 124
2. By independent action (S-6)
Davis vs. Davis, 858 SCRA 145
Panotes vs. Townhouse Dev. Corp., 512 SCRA
C. Manner of Execution
1. When party is dead (S-7)
2. When judgment is for money (S-6)
3. When judgment is specific act (S-10)
4. When it is special judgment (S-11)
D. Properties exempt for execution (S-13)
D’Armoured Security Agency vs. Orpia, 461 SCRA 312
E. Third Party Claim (S-16)
PSALM vs. Maunlad Homes, Inc. 817 SCRA (2/8/17)
F. Execution Sale (S-17 to 26)
G. Redemption:
1. The right of redemption vs. equity of redemption
2. Who may redeem (S-27)
3. Effects of redemption (S-29)
H. Other remedies to fully satisfy judgment
1. Examination of judgment obligor (S-36)
2. Examination of obligor of judgment-obligor (S-37)
3. Appointment of receiver (S-41)
4. Sale of ascertainable interest (S-42)
I. Judgment: principal vs. surety (S-46)
J. Effect of judgment (S-47)
1. In rem
2. In personam
3. Res judicata
 City of Cebu vs. Dedamo, 689 SCRA
K. Effect of foreign judgment (S-48)
Fujiki vs. Marinay, 700 SCRA 69
BPI vs. Guevarra, 752 SCRA 342