The Propaganda Movement and The Katipunan

How did it start?

19th Century

● Filipinos campaigned for reforms in colony led by Filipino thinkers and writers
like Dr. Jose P. Rizal.

● The propaganda movement in Spain and Philippines failed. When that time
came the financial support from the Philippines gradually lessened until finally it was put
to an end; Due to leadership crisis.

● Katipunan was started by Andres Bonifacio and other patriots to make the
Philippines free through a revolution.

Causes of Nationalism
Nationalism
● devotion to one’s country, or fighting for its independence.

CAUSES
1. New ideas from abroad about the freedom and the rights of men.

2. Opening of Suez Canal

3. Race prejudice against Filipino priests

4. The Spanish Evolution of 1868

5. Martyrdom of Gom-Bur-Za
The Propaganda Movement (1872-1892)

● This crusade for reforms was done by means of pen and tongue to pressure the
Spanish Government.
● The propagandists from the best, brightest and richest families in the Philippines
published articles for their crusade for reforms in La Solidaridad.

La Solidaridad
● was founded by Graciano Lopez Jaena, its first editor.
● first issue appeared in Barcelona, Spain (February 15, 1889). Moved to Madrid in
November, 1889. The next editor became Marcelo H. del Pilar. It ended for lack of funds
on November 15, 1985.

Rizal and the La Liga Filipino

● a political association of patriotic Filipinos founded by Dr. Jose P. Rizal to crusade for
reforms.
● Dr. Rizal wrote two novels, Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo.
Bonifacio and the Katipunan

● After Rizal’s death, Andres Bonifacio founded a secret revolutionary society ( KKK )
on July 7, 1892 for Filipinos to fight for freedom.

Kataas-taasang
Kagalang-galangang
Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan
( Highest and Most Respectable Society of the Sons of the People )

AIMS:
1. To unite the Filipinos into one solid nation.
2. To fight for Philippine independence from Spain.

Katipunan Government
● Bonifacio and others wanted the Katipunan to replace the Spanish Government in
the Philippines.

● Two constitutions: 1892 and 1894

● Supreme Council ( Kataastaasang Sanggunian ) was the central government, with

a president, a fiscal, a secretary, a treasurer, and a comptroller.

● Deodato Arellano was the first president of the Katipunan.

● Andres Bonifacio replaced him in 1895 which changed the title president changed to
Supremo.
Members of the Katipunan
● 1896- 20,000 members.
● Famous Katipuneros include Bonifacio, Arellano, Emillio Jacinto ( Brains of the
Katipunan ), Dr. Pio Valenzuela, Valentin Diaz, etc.
● Women joined the Katipunan and served as guards of the documents of the society.

Secret Initiation of the Katipunan

● Candidate for membership was first blindfolded and entered a secret room. He had
to pass tests and a blood compact will be done afterwards.

Katipunan Literature
*Three writers of the Katipunan were:
1. Andres Bonifacio- wrote Decalogue of the Katipunan ( a collection of wise sayings
for Katipuneros and Pag-ibig sa Tinubuang Lupa (Love for Country).
2. Emillio Jacinto- wrote the Kartilla (collection of teachings of Katipunan) and A La
Patria.
3. Dr. Pio Valenzuela- helped Bonifacio and Jacinto to edit the Katipunan newspaper
(Kalayaan) and wrote an essay Catwrian ( Is it fair?)
Discovery of the Katipunan

● Teodoro Patino, one of the Katipuneros, revealed the secrets of the Katipunan to
Father Gil which led to its discovery because of his fear.

● Many Filipinos were arrested but many Katipuneros also escaped including Bonifacio.

Historical Values
● The Filipinos can only solve their problems if they are united.
● The Filipinos love freedom and hate tyranny.
● Filipinos spoke out against the cruel treatment of our people.
● We must remember and honor these heroes and heroines who fought for our rights
during the Spanish Era
● A violent revolution does not end a nation’s problem as foreseen by Dr. Jose P.
Rizal.

Reference: https://www.slideshare.net/praejames245/the-propaganda-movement-and-
the-katipunan

Reporters: Christine Antoinette B. Caguicla and Angelou Mia B. Arabit from BSA 1-2