Tense How to make When is it used Signals words

To be
Aff.. S+am/are is
Int. Am/are/is+S
Neg. S+am/are/is +not
Have got
Aff. S+have got/has got
Int Have/Has +S+got
Neg. S +have /has not +got
Can
Aff S+can
Int Can+S
Neg.S+cannot
Must
S+Must
Must+S
S+Must+not
May
S+may
May+S
S+may+not
Alte verbe
Aff.S+V
S+V-s
S+V-es
Int Do +S+V
Does +S+V
Neg. S+Do+Not+V
Present simple S+Does+Not+V S- Talk about facts Every day, never,
always, usually, often
- Habits sometimes, seldom

1
 - Schedules (trains, buses)

S+Am/is/are + verb + -ing

Am/are/is+S+Verb-ing
Present S+am/are/is+not+V-ing - Something is happening at the moment Right now, at the
continuous moment.
Present Perfect S+Have/has +V- past - Something happened in the past and you can still For, since, already, just,
Participle(a 3-a forma)
Have/has+S+V-Past
participle
S+have/has +not+V-Past
participle see the result. yet, now, ever, never

- Something started in the past and is still going on.

Recently,lately, so far
S+Have/has + been +V-ing
Have/has+S+been+V-ing
S+have/has+not+been+V-
Present Perfect ing - To describe that an action started in the past and for, since, the whole
continuous is still going on in the present. (open past) day, all day
- The describe that a habit started in the past and
continuous in the present
- Something that has just stopped and of which the
result is clearly present.
Past simple To Be - Something happened in the past. (closed past) Yesterday, last year, in
S+was/were
Was/were+S
S+was/were+not
Can-Could/ Was/were
able to

2
 S+could
Could+S
S+Could+Not
Sau
S+was/were able to
Was/were+S+able to
S+was/were+not able to
Must-had to
S+had to
Did+S +have to
S+did +not +have to
May-be allowed to
S+was/were+allowed to
Was/were+S+allowed to
S+was/were+not+allowed
to
Alte Verbe
S+Verb + -ed (Regular
verbs)/ a 2a forma
(Irregular verbs 2006, last summer

Catch caught (irregular
verbs)
Did+S+V(prima forma/fara
ed)
S+did+not+V (prima
forma/fara-ed)
S+Was/were + verb + -ing
Was/Were+S+V-ing
Past S+was/were+not+V-ing - Something happened at a certain point in the past While, when
continuous - Something that was happening while something

else happened (combination past simple)

3
 S+Had +V( past participle)
Had+S+V(past participle)
S+Had+Not+V(past
Past Perfect participle) - Something happened in the past before another After, before, for, since
action in the past. PP for the earlier events.

4
 S+Had + been + V-ing
Had+S+Been+V-ing
S+Had+Not+Been+V-ing
Past Perfect - Something began in the past and continued at a for, since, the whole
continuous later moment in the past. day, all day
- Something that had just stopped and of which the
result is clearly visible. (explanation)
S+Will/shall + verb
Will/Shall+S+V
Future-Will/Shall S+Will/Shall+Not+V - When you promise to do something (in the future Tomorrow, next week,
- When you think something is going to happen in next summer, etc.
the future
S+Am/is/are going to+V
Am/are/is+S+Going to+V
S+am/are/is+not+Going
Future To+V - Plans in the (near) future Tonight, soon
Be Going To - When you are sure something will happen. You
have proof or made the plan.

Past continuous present continuous will

Past Present Future

Past perfect present perfect

Past simple present simple be + going to