GRADE 9 NOTES WEEK OF MARCH 19TH 2018

TOPIC: MANAGING RESOURCES AND TECHNOLOGY- UNIT 2

STATIONERIES USED IN BUSINESSES

Stationery- The term stationery may be used to describe commercially manufactured writing
materials, including cut paper, envelopes, writing implements, and other office supplies.

List of Common Office Stationery

Pens and pencils- pens and pencils are used for everyday activities from signing papers to
writing important notes.

Files and folders-files and folders are used by every office to store important papers such as
bills, documents, customer files and other documents.

Writing pads- writing pads are commonly used in business offices for writing important things
such as meeting schedules, address, phone numbers along with other important things.

Stapler and pins- Staplers are widely used in business offices to bind papers together.

Paper Glue- Glue sticks are used for permanent bond on aof variety of paper such as sealing
envelopes, applying labels mounting pictures etc.

Paper clips- A paper clip is an instrument used to hold sheets of paper together, usually made of
steel wire bent to a looped shape

Paper punching machine-A paper punch is a relatively simple device also called a hole punch,
that is often found in the office or school room, that punches holes in paper

Tape- a long, narrow piece of material that is sticky on one side and that is used to stick things
together

Typing paper- paper material made into thin sheets that are sized to take ink; used for writing
correspondence and manuscripts

Envelopes- An envelope is a common packaging item, usually made of thin flat material. It is
designed to contain a flat object for example a letter or card.

Guillotine Paper Cutter: This refers to a tool often found in offices which is designed to cut
large set of papers at once with a straight edge.
Other forms of Stationery may include:

Scissors Rulers

Markers Staple remover

Sticky note pads Markers

Correction Fluid Stamp

Highlighters Scrap books

Rubber bands Box Cutter

The Paper Making Process

Wood is the primary raw material for the pulp and paper industry. The paper industry uses a

large variety of woods to produce paper, and the papermaker often mixes a range of wood pulps

with different characteristics to create a particular type of paper or board. Recovered paper has

become as important a source of new paper as wood - recovered paper now accounts for more

than half of the fibres used in the production of paper.

In fact the paper industry is the largest recycler in Europe. However, fiber cannot be usefully

recycled endlessly; so there is an ongoing need to feed the supply of recovered fibre with virgin

fibre in the form of wood pulp, from hardwood or softwood trees.

The papermaking process can be divided into three distinct elements:

Pulping: Paper is made from the cellulose fibres that are present in hardwood and softwood

trees. Whether using wood or recovered paper, the first step is to dissolve the material into pulp.

Regardless of the type of pulping process used, the wood or recovered paper is broken down into
its component elements so that the fibres can be separated. The pulping results in a mass of

individual fibres being produced. The fibres are then washed and screened to remove any

remaining fibre bundles. The water is then pressed out and the residue is dried.

The pulp is then ready to be used directly or it can be bleached and made into white paper.

Papermaking: Pulpwood normally arrives at the paper mill in the form of very thick sheets and

recovered paper normally arrives in the form of large, compressed bales. Both these materials

have to be broken down so that the individual fibres they contain are completely separated from

each other. This process is performed in large vessels, known as ‘pulpers', where the raw

materials are diluted with up to 100 times their weight of water and then subjected to violent

mechanical action using steel rotor blades.

Finishing: The characteristics, appearance and properties of paper and board are supplemented

and enhanced by their final treatments. These may be simple processes where the reel is slit into

a number of more narrow reels or cut into sheets or more complicated processes such as coating

or super-calendaring.

Coating improves the opacity, lightness, surface smoothness, lustre and colour-absorption ability

of paper. It meets exacting quality demands regarding surface smoothness. Coating means that a

layer is applied to the paper, either directly in the papermaking machine or separately. Varieties

of coated paper range from pigmented to cast-coated. The coat consists of a mix of pigments,

extenders such as china clay and chalk, and binders such as starch or latex. In addition, various

chemicals are added to give the paper the desired characteristics.

 C1 - PAPER TYPES AND SIZES

Paper Types, Sizes and Purposes

Paper Types Size Common Uses

Height x Height x

Width (mm) Width (inches)

A0 1189 x 46.8 x 33.1in This type of paper is generally used for very
large Posters
841mm

A1 841 x 33.1 x 23.4in These are used for large posters, flip charts,
technical drawings
594mm

A2 594 x 23.4 x 16.5in Generally used for medium sized poster,

architectural drawings
420mm

A3 420 x 16.5 x 11.7in This paper size is used for notice board posters
and used for diagrams
297mm

A4 297 x 11.7 x 8.3in This type of paper is used for magazines,

catalogs. It can be used in printers and
210mm
photocopying machines.

A5 210 x 8.3 x 5.8in Used for desk pads, flyers and pocket books

148mm
A6 148 x 5.8 x 4.1in This size can be used for reporter's note pads and
postcards
105mm

A7 74x 105mm 2.9x4.1in This can be used for post-it-notes and tickets

A8 52x 74mm 2.0 x2.9in Also used for tickets

Legal Size 216 x 8.5 x 14in This type of paper is generally used for
documents such as brochures, letters but is most
Paper 356mm
widely used for forms such as application,
business forms, legal forms they are also used by
accounting professionals.
Letter Size 216 x 8.5 x 11in This is the standard typing sheet, it is used for a
wide range of day to day purposes. It can be used
Paper 279mm
for letters and a variety business documents.
 Envelope Sizes

Size Image Type

No. 10 Regular, Window, These are the most commonly used
(4.125"x9.5") Security, Self Seal envelopes.

No. 9 Regular, Window, These envelopes are commonly used

(3.875"x8.875") Security, Self Seal for mailing

No 6 3/4 Regular Used for Church Offering Envelope,

(3.625"x6.5") Also can be used as a return
envelope as it fits inside the No. 9
and No. 10 easily.
Catalog Flap is on the smaller edge Mostly used for sending
Envelopes side. Comes in 3 different correspondence or for marketing.
sizes of 6"x9", 9"x12",
10"x13".
Booklet Flap is on the longer edge Mostly used for sending
Envelopes side. Comes in 3 different correspondence or for marketing.
sizes of 6"x9", 9"x12",
10"x13".
Invitation Comes in various sizes These can be used for invitations,
Envelopes based on the type of insert greeting cards, note cards, rsvp.
going into these envelopes.
Sizes are A2, A6, A7, A8,
A9, 4 Bar, 5 Bar)

Remittance Comes in 2 sizes. No 6.5 These envelopes provide a way for

Envelopes and No. 9. The flap are donors to fill out personal
open.  information, include a financial gift,
then seal and mail the envelope back
to your organization.
 Types of envelopes
Commercial: These are the most popular envelopes for business correspondence, that we send

and receive every day. They usually have commercial flap. They are mostly used for letterheads,

invoices, statements, checks, writing stationery and direct marketing mailings.

Commercial Envelopes come in different styles which may include:

Regular: Regular Envelopes are the standard of business envelope. They typically feature a solid

front with no window, and a basic flap on the back.

Window envelopes: Window envelopes are most often used for bills, though they're also popular

for marketing purposes. They are cost-efficient, since the name and address shows through the

window, eliminating the need to address the envelope. Normally translucent plastic is used as the

window mater.

Self-Seal Envelopes: an envelope that closes and sticks without the need for glue or water.

Announcement Envelopes: These are very common envelopes. The flaps are usually pointed or

flat. Mostly used for announcements, invitations, cards, small booklets, brochures or promotional

pieces.

Baronial: These are more formal envelopes, are deeper and typically use a pointed

flap. They are popular for invitations.

Booklet: These envelopes are mostly used for sending larger items such as catalogs and folders.
Catalog Envelopes: This style of envelope is mainly used for catalogs, magazines and reports.

Metal Clasp Envelopes: Clasp envelopes are manufactured from heavy-duty kraft, rugged or

manila stock. It is featured with rust free metal clasps, strong reinforced holes, and gummed

flaps. It provides a secure and durable closure protecting the contents from accidental opening.
C3 - SAFETY PROCEDURES WHEN USING OFFICE STATIONERY

Safety Procedures when using Office Stationery

The following are some simple guidelines to follow in order to prevent accidents or injury when
using office stationery:

1. When sealing envelopes use water or glue and not your tongue. Paper can be very sharge
resulting in paper cuts.

2. Be careful when using kitchen knives, scissors, staplers, letter openers and box openers.
Any of these items could cause a painful injury.

3. Be especially careful when using paper cutters. Severe injuries can be caused by 'operator
error.

4. When using the paper cutter: Know how to use the cutter properly, especially its built-in

safety mechanisms. Pay attention in order to prevent injury to yourself or to others.

5. Work slowly and thoughtfully

6. Place the paper cutter on a stable surface

7. Ensure the finger guard is in place before use

8. Keep your fingers behind the guard

9. Maintain a firm grip on the blade handle

10. Cut only a few sheets of papers at once

When using scissors:

11. Focus on the task at hand when using scissors. Stop using the scissors if you want to
look up.

12. When using the scissors, cut in the direction away from your body.

13. Do not run or climb while holding a scissors.

14. Always pass a pair of scissors handle first to another person.