MAKE CONNECTIONS

If you could go back in time, what time and place would you
visit? Why?

If given a chance to go back time, I would probably choose the

Spanish colonial period where I could meet and witness how our very own
hero Jose Rizal fight for the freedom of our country without using a sword,
but instead he used a pen and ink to wrote Noli Me Tangere and El
Filibusterismo that awaken Filipinos to fight for their freedom and stand
with their right—making us realized that war does not necessarily have to
end through means of violence. It could always be finished peacefully,
through words and maybe even forgiveness. For words are far more potent
than any gun.

Sequence Map

oral literature like epics

and folksongs were chanted

The Malays Early drama, now The first printing press

contributed the performed onstage in useful for literary
baybayin. form of paganistic works
rituals led by babaylan.

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The first recorded epic The execution of the The execution of Dr.
(only in 1889) was three priest Jose Rizal
Biag ni Lam-ang among (GOMBURZA)
the Christian Iokanos

The Spaniards formally The outbreak of the The declaration of

turned over the World War 2 caused of Martial Law in 1972
Philippines under the the scarcity of paper greatly affected
governance of America literature.
in conformity with the
treaty of Paris in 1899

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 DURING READING

An Essay by Marlon T. Salvador

Literary Periods: Describe the kind of literature produced in precolonial times.

Identify also the contributions of the Negritoes, Indons, and Malays to the literary
heritage of the Philippines.

- Long before the Spaniards arrived, the Philippines had a rich oral and written literacy
heritage. Songs and superstitions were contributed by the wandering Negritos.
Folktales, epics, paganistic religion, and legends were brought to Indonesia by the
Indians. Finally, the Malays contributed the baybayin, a seventeen-symbol syllabary.

Riddle or bugtong abounds in many ethnolinguistic groups in the Philippines. Give one
example of riddle from your culture or group.

BISAYA

Kabayo ni Adan, dili mokaon kon dili sakyan.

Answer:
KAGURAN

What literary genres or forms became popular during the Spanish Colonial
Period?

-Two types of prose and poetry were common during the Spanish period:
religious prose and poetry and secular prose and poetry. The literature created
by the Propaganda Movement is also included in this period.

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Analyze Sequence of Events

Use the Sequence Map to write four events that occur on this page of the essay. Write
each event in a complete sentence.

-When the Spaniards came to the Philippines, they destroyed the written literature in
perishable materials because they believe that these were the handicraft of evil. In
addition, the first printing press was set up and its first output is the Doctrina
Christiana. Different types of literature was created such as metrical romance, epic,
poems and many more. Spaniards noticed that Filipinos are fond of plays cernaculo so
they began to stage the cenaculo which depicts the life and passion of Christ.

What poems were published by the Katipunan during the Spanish Colonial Period?

-The poems published by the Katipunan during the Spanish Colonial Period are
Pag-ibig sa Tinubuang Lupa and Katapusang Hibik ng Pilipinas

What event ended Spanish Rule in the Philippines?

-Treaty of Paris is the event that ended Spanish Rule in the Philippines. It is an
agreement between the American and Spanish governments stating that the
Philippines is now under the government of American.

Literary Periods: Name authors and their literary works during Spanish
Colonial Period.

The pasyon, is the most popular literature work produced Gaspar Aquino de
Belen. The first prose and poem literary work in tagalog titled May Bagyo Ma’t
May Rilim in 1605 and Ang Pagsusulatan ng Dalawang Binibini na sina Urbana at
Feliza by Modesto de Castro. Meanwhile, Pedro Paterno produced the first novel
titled Ninay.

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Literary Periods: Which literary period is considered the Golden Age of
Filipino literature where in writing in English was prohibited and writers in
Filipino and in vernacular languages flourished?

-Japanese Colonial Period is considered as the Golden Age of Filipino

literature were in writing English was prohibited, and writers in Filipino
and vernacular language flourished.

Analyze Sequence of Events

Use the Sequence Map to write five events that occur on this page. Write
each event in a complete sentence.

-In 1872, the three priest-martyr were executed. Rizal was captured and killed
in Dapitan because pf his two novels, the Katipunan was formed with its paper
Kalayaan where Katapusang Hibik ng Plipinas and Pag-ibig sa Tinubuang Lupa
were printed to campaign for freedom. In 1899, the Spaniards formally turned
over the Philippines under the governance of American in conformity with the
Treaty of Paris.

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 AFTER READING

Name: DUCULAN, MIZPAH R. Subject: LIT 111A

Yr/Cr/Sec: 3BSN-D Date: 03/19/2021

READING CHECK

A. Circle the letter of the correct answer.

1. Which of the following is considered the earliest form of drama in

Philippine literary history?
C. cenaculo
2. Which historical and literary period in the Philippines is considered the
Epic Age?
B. Spanish

3. Which of the following is the Christian epic which talks about the life
and suffering of Christ?
A. pasyon

4. Which of the following is NOT a product of the Spanish period?

C. Footnote to Youth

5. Who among the following propagandists used the pen name Plaridel?
A. Marcelo H. del Pilar

6. Which of the following is NOT a work of Jose Rizal?

D. Ninay

7. Who wrote Katapusang Hibik ng Pilipinas and Pag-ibig sa Tinubuang

Lupa?
A. Marcelo H. del Pilar

8. Who among the following are the first American teachers in the
Philippines?
C. Thomasites

9. Which of the following did NOT emerge during the Pre-Spanish period?
A. Haiku

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10. Which of the proverbs does NOT talk about hypocrisy?
B. The ant is where the sugar is.

B. Identify the period of Philippine literature which is characterized by

items 1-10. Write the letter on your answer on the space provided before
each number.

A. Pre-colonial B. Spanish C. American D. Japanese E.

Contemporary

___A__1. Literature was handed down by word of mouth.

__B_ _2. Pre-colonial epics were changed.
___B__3. First work of prose was written.
___C__4. Short story flourished.
___B__5. There were metrical romances.
___B__6. There were religious and rebellious literatures.
___D__7. The short poem of three lines was known.
___D__8.Liwayway magazine was under strict supervision.
___B__9. Filmmaking has become the most popular art form.
___E__10. There are vast literary works in different literary forms.

USE READING SKILLS: Analyze Sequence of Events

1. Review the Sequence Map you created. Briefly retell the sequence
of events in writing as they occur.

- We already have our literature before the Spaniards came into our
country. Spaniards went to the Philippines and destroyed our written
literature. The first printing press was created, and other written
literature was made. The propaganda movement started when the three
martyr priests, the GOMBURZA, were executed. Rizal was also executed in
Dapitan because of his two novels that against the government of the
Spaniards. The Spaniards formally turned over the Philippines under
America's governance in conformity with the Treaty of Paris. In 1972 was
the declaration of Martial law, and it significantly affects the literature.
Writers and different artists continue to flourish to bring social reform
and subscribe to freedom of expression. All this proves that the history of
a nation affects its literature.

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 2. After looking into the events that shaped Philippine literary
landscape, we may find that we have become a society of various or
heterogeneous traditions. Is this an advantage or disadvantage?
Explain your answer.

-This is an advantage, because it creates diverse societies in which different

cultures collide and create something new. And a societal culture the
underlying values and beliefs are shared and pervasive, thus a dominant
set of cultural beliefs exist.

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