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Left untreated, preeclampsia can lead to serious — even fatal — complications for
both you and your baby. If you have preeclampsia, the most effective treatment is
delivery of your baby. Even after delivering the baby, it can still take a while for you
to get better.
If you're diagnosed with preeclampsia too early in your pregnancy to deliver your
baby, you and your doctor face a challenging task. Your baby needs more time to
mature, but you need to avoid putting yourself or your baby at risk of serious
complications.
Risk factors
Chronic hypertension. If you already have chronic hypertension, you have a higher
risk of developing preeclampsia.
New paternity. Each pregnancy with a new partner increases the risk of preeclampsia
more than does a second or third pregnancy with the same partner.
Age. The risk of preeclampsia is higher for very young pregnant women as well as
pregnant women older than 35.
Interval between pregnancies. Having babies less than two years or more than 10
years apart leads to a higher risk of preeclampsia.
Complications
The more severe your preeclampsia and the earlier it occurs in your pregnancy, the
greater the risks for you and your baby. Preeclampsia may require induced labor and
delivery.
Other organ damage. Preeclampsia may result in damage to the kidneys, liver,
lung, heart, or eyes, and may cause a stroke or other brain injury. The amount of
injury to other organs depends on the severity of preeclampsia.
Cardiovascular disease. Having preeclampsia may increase your risk of future
heart and blood vessel (cardiovascular) disease. The risk is even greater if
you've had preeclampsia more than once or you've had a preterm delivery. To
minimize this risk, after delivery try to maintain your ideal weight, eat a variety
of fruits and vegetables, exercise regularly, and don't smoke.
Prevention
In certain cases, however, you may be able to reduce your risk of preeclampsia with:
It's important that you don't take any medications, vitamins or supplements without
first talking to your doctor.
Before you become pregnant, especially if you've had preeclampsia before, it's a good
idea to be as healthy as you can be. Lose weight if you need to, and make sure other
conditions, such as diabetes, are well-managed.
Once you're pregnant, take care of yourself — and your baby — through early and
regular prenatal care. If preeclampsia is detected early, you and your doctor can work
together to prevent complications and make the best choices for you and your baby.