Reported speech

1.-Reported Statements

direct statement reported statement

He said: "I am sick." He said that he was sick

We usually introduce reported statements with "reporting verbs" such as: say, tell,
mention, inform, pretend, claim,

 He said (that)...
 He told me (that)...

Verbs used for reporting: answered that, explained that, replied that, informed me that,
pointed out,

2.-Reported Questions

direct question reported question

She said: "Are you cold?" She asked me if I was cold.
He said: "Where's my pen?" He asked where his pen was.

We usually introduce reported questions with the verbs: ask, want to know, wonder, inquire.

 He asked (me) if/whether... (YES/NO questions)

 He asked (me) why/when/where/what/how... (Question Word questions)

3.-Reported Orders

direct order reported order

She said: "Stop!" She told him to stop.

We usually introduce reported orders with the verb tell, order. The structure is very
simple:

tell + (pro)noun + to + infinitive

Reported Requests

direct request reported request

She said: "Could you open the window, She asked me to open the window.
please?"
He said: "Please don't smoke." He asked them not to smoke.
We usually introduce reported requests with the verb "ask". The structure is very
simple: ask + (pro)noun + to + infinitive
verb +object +to infinitive verb gerund
advise deny
encourage recommend
invite suggest (frases con shall, let’s)
remind ● “I didn’t steal the money” he said
warn He denied stealing the money
Order She recommended buying the big
Beg tins
Remind
Offer suggest + ing / that should...
Recommend
●“Would you like a lift?”said Ann ●Shall we meet at the theatre?
Ann offered me a lift He suggested meeting at the
●Would you like to come round for a drink? theatre
He invited me to come round for a drink They suggested leaving early./They
She recommended housewives to buy the suggested that we should leave
big tins early.
● “Don’t swim out too far, boys!” I said ● “Let’s sell the house” Tom said
I warned the boys not to swim out too far Tom suggested selling the house
● “You had better hurry, Bill!” She said
She advised Bill to hurry
● “Please, please, don’t take any risks”, said
his wife
His wife begged him no to take any risks
● “Go on, apply for the job”, said Jack
Jack encouraged me to apply for the job
●”Don’t forget to order the wine”said the
wife
The wife reminded her husband to order the
wine
Expresiones de tiempo
DIRECT STATEMENT REPORTED STATEMENT
Today The same day, that day
Yesterday The day before, the previous day
Tomorrow The day after , the next day
This, these That, those
Now Then, at once, at that time
Ago Before
The day after tomorrow In two days’ time
Last week The week before, the previous week
Next week The week after, the following week
This week The same week
Here There
Cambio en los tiempos verbales.
DIRECT STATEMENT REPORTED STATEMENT
Presente simple Pasado simple
Presente continuo Pasado continuo
Presente perfecto Pasado perfecto
Pasado simple Pasado perfecto
Presente perfecto continuo Pasado perfecto continuo
Pasado continuo Pasado perfecto continuo
Pasado perfecto No cambia
Futuro Condicional
Condicional No cambia
Can Could
Could Had been able to
May Might
Must Had to
Must not No cambia
Shall should