CONDITIONAL SENTENCES

(CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN)

TYPES OF CONDITIONAL SENTENCES:

Type 1: Chỉ sự việc có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai.

IF + S + SIMPLE PRESENT, S+ CAN/ MAY/ MIGHT + bare infinitive

SIMPLE PRESENT (chỉ một sự thật hiển nhiên, một quy luật tự nhiên

Examples:
* If it doesn’t rain, we will have a picnic.
* If you heat ice, it turns to water.
Type 2: nói về tình huống không có thật hoặc không thể xảy ra trong hiện tại

IF + S + SIMPLE PAST , S + WOULD/ COULD/ MIGHT + bare

infinitive
(be luôn dùng were dù chủ ngữ số ít hay số nhiều)

Examples:
* If I knew her name, I would tell you.
* If I were you,I would go abroad.
Type 3: chỉ tình huống đã không xảy ra trong quá khứ

IF + S + PAST PERFECT, S + WOULD/ COULD/MIGHT+ HAVE + P.P

Examples:
If I hadn’t been absent yesterday, I would have met him.
Type 4: điều kiện hỗn hợp ( loại 2 & loại 3)

IF + PAST PERFECT, S + WOULD/COULD/MIGHT+ bare infinitive

Example:
I didn’t have breakfast this morning, so I am hungry now.
If I had had breakfast this morning, I wouldn’t be hungry now.

Exercise 1
Put the verbs in brackets into correct form
1. If she works hard, she (pass)……………………her next English test.
2. We will go out for a picnic if it (not rain)………………..
3. She will go on holiday unless it (rain)……………….
4. If he doesn’t learn good English, he (not find)………………a job.
5. If he spoke more clearly, we (understand)……………………..him.
6. What would she do if she (be)…………………..Minister of Education and Training.
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 7. What he (do)………………….. if he had a lot of money?
8. She wouldn’t have been here earlier if she (not/miss)………………………..the train
9. What (happen)…………………….if I press this button?
10. She would have bought new clothes if she (have) ……………a lot of money yesterday.
11. If you (read) …………………..the instructions carefully, you wouldn’t have answered the wrong
question.
12. They (cancel)………………..their holiday if it (rain)……………….yesterday.
13. I don’t know much about this kind of machine. If I (know)…………., I (mend)……………...…..it
myself.
14. If you (depart)……………………..now, you (be)……………………..home in two hours
15. I’m doing the test very well now. I (not/do)………………..………………….the test well if I
(not/revise)………………..…thoroughly last night.
16. A lot of people (be)……………………out of work if the factory closed down.
17. - Why don’t you drive your car to work?
- If I (have) ………………..a car, I would drive it to work.
18. If I (know)……………….his phone number, I would call him
19. According to the timetable if the train leaves on time, we (arrive)………………at 5.30.
20. If you (pour)……………………….oil on water, it (float)……………….
21. That sounds like a good job offer. If I (be)……………………………....you, I (accept)
……………………it.
22. If I (have)...................time, I will write to him.
23. If I got up earlier, I (not be)...........................late for work.
24. If I didn’t feel so tired, I (go).....................out with you.
25. If you (not pass)....................... the exam, would you take it again?

Exercise 2
Rewrite the sentences, using conditional sentences
1. Phong doesn't have enough money so he can't travel abroad.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. I can't go to the concert because I have a lot of homework to do.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. Nam doesn't have a camera, so he can't take pictures of his trip.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. She loves him, so she forgives him easily.
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…………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. We get up late in the morning, so we don’t have time to have breakfast.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. I am not a rich businessman and I can’t afford to buy an expensive car.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
7. We can’t bathe in this part of river because the water is too dirty.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
8. I can’t write to Linh because I don’t have her address.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
9. Dick often causes accidents because he drives carelessly.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
10. We can’t give much help to the poor because we waste a lot of money on unnecessary things.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
11. Water these plants or they will wither.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
12. You won’t get into university without passing your exam.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
13. You will catch a cold if you do not keep your feet dry.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
14. He doesn’t like football so he doesn’t go to the football match.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
15. Throw a stone into water and it sinks.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
16. Peter is fat because he eats so many chips.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
17. They don’t understand the problem, so they can’t find a solution.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
18. Get up or you will be late for school.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

19. She is lazy so she can’t pass the exam.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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20. We want to buy that house, but we don’t have enough money.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
21. My father wants to go abroad, but he hasn’t got enough money.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
22. I want to call her but I don’t know her phone number.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
23. Hurry up or you’ll miss the train.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
24. We didn’t know you were in hospital, so we didn’t visit you.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
25. Linda was ill, so she couldn’t go to the concert.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
26. My mom doesn’t have enough sugar and flour, so she can’t bake a cake.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
27. John ate too much birthday cake, so he was sick.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
28. Martin failed his driving test last week because he was very nervous.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
29. Carol didn’t answer the phone because she was studying.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
30. Because I don’t have enough free time, I can’t help my mother with the housework.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
31. Rita is exhausted today because she didn’t get any sleep last night.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
32. I didn’t know how difficult the job was. That’s why I took it.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
33. People drive very fast. That’s why there are so many accidents.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
34. The reason I couldn’t go on holiday last year is that I didn’t have enough money.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
35. One of the reasons I didn’t phone you was that I was very busy
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
36. Because I don’t have enough free time, I can’t help my mother with the housework.

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 ………………………………………………………………………………………………………
37. You feel tired all the time because you go to bed so late.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
38. You don’t do any exercise, and that’s why you put on weight.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
39. You should book your seats soon; otherwise, they’ll all be sold out.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
40. He can’t buy the computer because he doesn’t have enough money.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Exercise 3
Choose the best answer which best fits each space in each sentence.
1. I can’t decide what to do. What would you do if you ..................... in my position ?
A. are B. have been C. will be D. were
2. You risk losing your job if your boss ................. you weren’t really ill.
A. will find out B. found that C. finds out D. founded
3. If she .................. to know more about it, she will need to spend more time
A. want B. wanted C. wants D. will want
4. I am sure that if we persuade them, they .................... their bad lifestyle.
A. change B. changed C. will change D. would change
5. These children live in the city, so they know little about rural life. If they ............ in the countryside, they
would know about the life of farmers.
A. live B. will live C. would live D. lived

6. If she ..................... on well with her colleagues, they will support her a lot with her work.
A. get B. got C. gets D. will get
7. If I were you, I ....................... your partners.
A. apologize B. apologized C. will apologize D. would apologize
8. If you ____ to be chosen for the job, you'll have to be experienced in the field.
A. want B. wanted C. had wanted D. wants
9. If he ____ a thorough knowledge of English, he could have applied for this post.
A. had had B. had C. has D. has had
10. If I had enough money, I ____ abroad to improve my English.
A. will go B. would go C. should go D. should have to go
11. If it ____ convenient, let's go out for a drink tonight.
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 A. be B. is C. was D. were
12. If you ____ time, please write to me.
A. have B. had C. have had D. has
13. I will come to see you if it_______.
A. doesn’t rains B. doesn’t rain C. didn’t rain D. not rain
14. If you _______wet, you should change your clothes immediately.
A. get B. got C. will get D. had got
15. If I finish the dress before Sunday, I___________it to my sister.
A. give B. will give C. would give D. had given
16. If you have enough time, please____________the chair before you leave.
A. paint B. will paint C. painted D. would paint
17. If your mother_____________ that car for you, will you be happy?
A. buy B. buys C. could have bought D. will buy
18. If you freeze water, it ___________ into ice.
A. turns B. is turning C. will turn D. would turn
19. If I go shopping, I________some food.
A. buy B. will buy C. would buy D. would have bought
20. She can’t get home ________she has no money.
A. unless B. if C. until D. without
21. If I had known your new address, we ……………….to see you.
A. came B. will come C. would come D. would have
come
22. If we took the 10:30 train,………………...
A. we would arrive too early B. we should arrive too early
C. we will arrive too early D. we may arrive too early
23. If you …………………..a choice, which country would you visit?
A. have B. had C. have had D. will have
24. If there …………………….., the rice fields could have been more productive.
A. had been enough water B. were enough water
C. would be enough water D. are enough water
25. If you………………… time, please write to me.
A. have B. had C. have had D. has
26. If you ………………………. as I told you, you …………………………… sorry now.

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 A. did- would not be B. had done- had not been
C. do – would not be D. had done – would not be
27. If energy ………………………… inexpensive and unlimited, many things in the world would be
different.
A. is B. will be C. would be D. were
28. If I had enough money, …………………………..
A. I will buy that house B. I am buy that house
C. I can buy that house D. I could buy that house
29. Someone……………your car if you leave it unlocked.
A. steal B. would steal C. will steal D. stole
30. If the weather is fine this weekend, we……………to see our grandparents.
A. were going B. will go C. would do D. went
31. If you eat too much, you …………… the price by putting on weight. 
A. will pay  B. paid  C. would pay  D. were paying 
32. ……………, he would not have had the accident yesterday.
A. If Peter hadn’t driven more carefully B. If Peter had driven more carefully
C. If Peter drove more carefully D. If Peter drove more carelessly
33. Unless it ……………, we …………… on a picnic tomorrow.
A. rains / won’t go B. doesn’t rain / go C. doesn’t rain / will go D. rains / will go
34. If you hadn’t eaten so many things, they ……………ill now.
A. wouldn’t feel B. wouldn’t have felt C. couldn’t feel D. didn’t feel
35. If you watch this film, you……………about the cultures of Southeast Asian countries.
A. learned B. were learning C. will learn D. would learn

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