SQUARE FOOTING (CASE 2)

PROBLEM 1:

A square column footing is to support a 400mm square tied

column that carries service dead load of 1000kN and service live
load of 900kN. The column is reinforced with eight 25mm diameter
bars. The base of the footing is 1.5m below the natural grade
where the allowable soil pressure is 280kPa. The soil above the
footing has a unit weight of 15.6kN/m. Assume 𝑓𝑦 = 275𝑀𝑃𝑎 ,𝑓 ′ 𝑐 =
27.6𝑀𝑃𝑎 , unit weight of concrete is 24kN/m3 and the thickness of
the footing is 0.75m. Design the footing using 25mm main bars and
75mm concrete clear cover. Use NSCP 2010.

GIVEN: 𝑐 = 400𝑚𝑚 𝛾𝑠 = 15.6𝑘𝑁/𝑚3 𝑞𝑎 = 280𝑘𝑃𝑎

𝐷𝐿 = 1000𝑘𝑁 𝛾𝑐 = 24𝑘𝑁/𝑚3 𝑑𝑏𝑚 = 25𝑚𝑚

𝐿𝐿 = 900𝑘𝑁 𝑓 ′ 𝑐 = 27.6𝑀𝑃𝑎 𝑐𝑐 = 75𝑚𝑚

ℎ𝑠 = 1.5𝑚 − 0.75𝑚 = 0.75𝑚 𝑓𝑦 = 275𝑀𝑃𝑎 ℎ𝑐 = 0.75𝑚

SOLUTION:

1. Solve for the total load and ultimate load, “Pn and Pu”.

𝑃𝑛 = 𝐷𝐿 + 𝐿𝐿 = 1000𝑘𝑁 + 900𝑘𝑁 𝑃𝑢 = 1.2𝐷𝐿 + 1.6𝐿𝐿

𝑃𝑛 = 1900𝑘𝑁 𝑃𝑢 = 1.2(1000𝑘𝑁) + 1.6(900𝑘𝑁)

𝑃𝑢 = 2640𝑘𝑁
2. Solve for effective soil bearing capacity, “qeff”.

𝑞𝑒𝑓𝑓 = 𝑞𝑎 − 𝛾𝑠 ℎ𝑠 − 𝛾𝑐 ℎ𝑐

𝑞𝑒𝑓𝑓 = 280𝑘𝑃𝑎 − 15.6𝑘𝑁/𝑚3 (0.75𝑚) − 240𝑘𝑁/𝑚3 (0.75𝑚)

𝑞𝑒𝑓𝑓 = 250.30𝑘𝑃𝑎

3. Solve for the area of the footing.

𝑃𝑛 1900𝑘𝑁
𝐴= =
𝑞𝑒𝑓𝑓 250.30𝑘𝑃𝑎

𝐴 = 7.59𝑚2

4. Solve for the length of the footing.

𝐴 = 𝐿2 , 𝐿 = √𝐴

𝐿 = √7.59𝑚2

𝐿 = 2.755𝑚 ≈ 2.8𝑚

5. Solve for Actual Area.

𝐴𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 = 𝐿2 = (2.8𝑚)2

𝐴𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 = 7.84𝑚2

6. Solve for Ultimate soil pressure, “qu”.

𝑃𝑢 2640𝑘𝑁
𝑞𝑢 = =
𝐴 7.84𝑚2

𝑞𝑢 = 336.73 𝑘𝑃𝑎
7. Find “d” using wide beam shear.

1 1
𝑉𝑐 = √𝑓 ′ 𝑐 = √27.6𝑀𝑃𝑎
6 6

𝑉𝑐 = 0.8756𝑀𝑃𝑎

𝑉𝑢
𝑉𝑛 = , 𝑉𝑢 = 𝑞𝑢𝐿𝑥
∅𝑏𝑑

𝐿−𝑐
𝑥= −𝑑
2

2800−400
336.73(2800)[ −𝑑]
2
𝑉𝑛 =
(0.75)(2800)(𝑑)
 Equate 𝑉𝑐 to 𝑉𝑛 :
2800−400
336.73𝑘𝑃𝑎(2800𝑚𝑚)[ −𝑑]
2
0.8756𝑀𝑃𝑎 =
(0.75)(2800𝑚𝑚)(𝑑)

𝑑 = 406.75 ≈ 407𝑚𝑚

8. Find “d” using punching shear.

2 1
𝑉𝑐𝑝 = (1 + )( √𝑓 ′ 𝑐 )
𝛽𝑐 6

2800𝑚𝑚
𝛽𝑐 = =1
2800𝑚𝑚

2 1
𝑉𝑐𝑝 = (1 + ) ( √27.6𝑀𝑃𝑎 )
1 6

𝑉𝑐𝑝 = 2.6268𝑀𝑃𝑎

1 1
𝑉𝑐𝑝𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤 = √𝑓 ′ 𝑐 = √27.6𝑀𝑃𝑎
3 3

𝑉𝑐𝑝𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤 = 1.75𝑀𝑃𝑎 > 𝑉𝑐𝑝𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤

Therefore use 𝑉𝑐𝑝𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤 = 1.75𝑀𝑃𝑎

 Equate 𝑉𝑐𝑝 to 𝑉𝑐𝑝𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤 :

𝑉𝑢
𝑉𝑛𝑝 = , 𝑉𝑢 = 𝑞𝑢[𝐿2 − (𝑐 + 𝑑)2 ]
∅𝑏𝑜 𝑑

𝑉𝑢 = 0.33673𝑘𝑃𝑎[28002 − (400 + 𝑑)2 ]

𝑏𝑜 = 4(𝑐 + 𝑑) = 4(400 + 𝑑)

0.33673469[28002 −(400+𝑑)2 ]
1.75𝑀𝑃𝑎 =
(0.75)[4(400+𝑑)](𝑑)

𝑑 = 464.39𝑚𝑚 ≈ 465𝑚𝑚(GOVERNS)

9. Check for total depth.

ℎ𝑐 = 𝑑 + 𝑐𝑐 + 1.5𝑑𝑏𝑚 = 465𝑚𝑚 + 75𝑚𝑚 + 1.5(25𝑚𝑚)

ℎ𝑐 = 577.5𝑚𝑚 < 750𝑚𝑚 (𝑜𝑘)

d = 465 + 1.5(25)

d = 577.5 mm

10. Solve for actual moment, “ 𝑀𝑢 ”.

𝑞𝑢𝐿(𝐿𝑚 )2
𝑀𝑢 =
2

2.8𝑚−0.4𝑚
𝐿𝑚 = = 1.2𝑚
2

336.73𝑘𝑃𝑎(2.8𝑚)(1.2𝑚)2
𝑀𝑢 =
2

𝑀𝑢 = 678.85 𝑘𝑁

11. Find the value of “𝜔”, “ 𝜌”,

and “ 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 ”.

𝑀𝑢 = ∅𝑓 ′ 𝑐𝑏𝑑 2 𝜔(1 − 0.59𝜔)

678.85(106 ) = (0.90)(27.60)(2800)(577.5)2 (𝜔)(1 − 0.59𝜔)

𝜔 = 0.029789
 𝜔𝑓′ 𝑐 0.029789(27.6)
𝜌= = = 0.0029897578
𝑓𝑦 275

1.4 1.4
𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = = = 0.00509 > 𝜌
𝑓𝑦 275

Therefore, use 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.00509

12. Solve for 𝐴𝑠 .

𝐴𝑠 = 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 𝑏𝑑 = 0.00509 (2800)(502.5)

𝐴𝑠 = 7161.63𝑚𝑚2

13. Solve for N .

𝐴𝑠 7161.63𝑚𝑚2
𝑁=𝜋 = 𝜋 = 14.6 ≈ 15 𝑝𝑐𝑠.
(𝑑 2 ) (252 )
4 4

∴ 𝑈𝑠𝑒 15 − 25𝑚𝑚 ∅ bars

14. Solve for development length.

3𝑓𝑦 𝛼𝛽𝛾
𝐿𝑑𝑟𝑒𝑞′𝑑 = (𝑑𝑏 ) 𝐿𝑑 = 𝐿𝑚 − 𝑐𝑐
5√𝑓′ 𝑐 𝑓𝑢𝑟𝑛′ 𝑑

𝛼 = 𝛽 = 𝛾 = 1 (𝑢𝑛𝑙𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑒𝑑) = 1200𝑚𝑚 − 75𝑚𝑚

3(275)(1)(1)(1)
𝐿𝑑𝑟𝑒𝑞′𝑑 = (25) 𝐿𝑑 = 1125𝑚𝑚 > 𝐿𝑑𝑟𝑒𝑞′𝑑
5√27.6 𝑓𝑢𝑟𝑛′ 𝑑

𝐿𝑑𝑟𝑒𝑞′𝑑 = 765.18 𝑚𝑚 ≈ 770𝑚𝑚

(OK, hook at bar end is not required)

15. Check for bearing stress,“𝐹𝑏 ”.

𝐴
𝐹𝑏 = ∅0.85𝑓 ′ 𝑐𝐴1 (√ 2 )
𝐴1

𝐴 𝐴 2.82
√𝐴2 must not be > 2 , √ 2=√ 2=7>2
𝐴 0.4
1 1

𝐴
Therefore use √ 2 = 2
𝐴 1

𝐹𝑏 = (0.75)(0.85)(27.6𝑀𝑃𝑎)(0.4𝑚𝑚)2 (2)(103 )

𝐹𝑏 = 5630𝑘𝑁 > 𝑃𝑢

Therefore no dowels are needed.

16. Solve for “𝐴𝑠𝑚𝑖𝑛 ” across the interface of the column and the
footing

𝐴𝑠𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.005𝐴1 = 0.005(400)2

𝐴𝑠𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 800𝑚𝑚2

17. Summary

Use 2.8m x 2.8m footing with the effective depth to the top
bars of 465mm (total depth = 577.5mm),with 15 - 25mm ∅ bars
bothways.
SQUARE FOOTING (CASE 2)

PROBLEM 2:

A square column footing is to support a 500mm square tied

column that carries service dead load of 1100kN and service live
load of 1000kN. The column is reinforced with eight 25mm diameter
bars. The base of the footing is 1.5m below the natural grade
where the allowable soil pressure is 280kPa. The soil above the
footing has a unit weight of 15.6kN/m. Assume 𝑓𝑦 = 275𝑀𝑃𝑎 ,𝑓 ′ 𝑐 =
27.6𝑀𝑃𝑎 , unit weight of concrete is 24kN/m3 and the thickness of
the footing is 0.70m. Design the footing using 25mm main bars and
75mm concrete clear cover. Use NSCP 2010.

GIVEN: 𝑐 = 500𝑚𝑚 𝛾𝑠 = 15.6𝑘𝑁/𝑚3 𝑞𝑎 = 280𝑘𝑃𝑎

𝐷𝐿 = 1100𝑘𝑁 𝛾𝑐 = 24𝑘𝑁/𝑚3 𝑑𝑏𝑚 = 25𝑚𝑚

𝐿𝐿 = 1000𝑘𝑁 𝑓 ′ 𝑐 = 27.6𝑀𝑃𝑎 𝑐𝑐 = 75𝑚𝑚

ℎ𝑠 = 1.5𝑚 − 0.70𝑚 = 0.80𝑚 𝑓𝑦 = 275𝑀𝑃𝑎 ℎ𝑐 = 0.70𝑚

SOLUTION:

1. Solve for the total load and ultimate load, “Pn and Pu”.

𝑃𝑛 = 𝐷𝐿 + 𝐿𝐿 = 1100𝑘𝑁 + 1000𝑘𝑁 𝑃𝑢 = 1.2𝐷𝐿 + 1.6𝐿𝐿

𝑃𝑛 = 2100𝑘𝑁 𝑃𝑢 = 1.2(1100𝑘𝑁) + 1.6(1000𝑘𝑁)

𝑃𝑢 = 2920𝑘𝑁
2. Solve for effective soil bearing capacity, “qeff”.

𝑞𝑒𝑓𝑓 = 𝑞𝑎 − 𝛾𝑠 ℎ𝑠 − 𝛾𝑐 ℎ𝑐

𝑞𝑒𝑓𝑓 = 280𝑘𝑃𝑎 − 15.6𝑘𝑁/𝑚3 (0.80𝑚) − 240𝑘𝑁/𝑚3 (0.70𝑚)

𝑞𝑒𝑓𝑓 = 250.72𝑘𝑃𝑎

3. Solve for the area of the footing.

𝑃𝑛 2100𝑘𝑁
𝐴= =
𝑞𝑒𝑓𝑓 250.72𝑘𝑃𝑎

𝐴 = 8.38𝑚2

4. Solve for the length of the footing.

𝐴 = 𝐿2 , 𝐿 = √𝐴

𝐿 = √8.38𝑚2

𝐿 = 2.894𝑚 ≈ 2.9𝑚

5. Solve for Actual Area.

𝐴𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 = 𝐿2 = (2.9𝑚)2

𝐴𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 = 8.41𝑚2

6. Solve for Ultimate soil pressure, “qu”.

𝑃𝑢 2920𝑘𝑁
𝑞𝑢 = =
𝐴 8.41𝑚2

𝑞𝑢 = 347.21 𝑘𝑃𝑎
7. Find “d” using wide beam shear.

1 1
𝑉𝑐 = √𝑓 ′ 𝑐 = √27.6𝑀𝑃𝑎
6 6

𝑉𝑐 = 0.8756𝑀𝑃𝑎

𝑉𝑢
𝑉𝑛 = , 𝑉𝑢 = 𝑞𝑢𝐿𝑥
∅𝑏𝑑

𝐿−𝑐
𝑥= −𝑑
2

2900−500
347.21(2900)[ −𝑑]
2
𝑉𝑛 =
(0.75)(2900)(𝑑)
 Equate 𝑉𝑐 to 𝑉𝑛 :
2900−500
347.21(2900)[ −𝑑]
2
0.8756𝑀𝑃𝑎 =
(0.75)(2900)(𝑑)

𝑑 = 415.025 ≈ 415𝑚𝑚

8. Find “d” using punching shear.

2 1
𝑉𝑐𝑝 = (1 + )( √𝑓 ′ 𝑐 )
𝛽𝑐 6

2900𝑚𝑚
𝛽𝑐 = =1
2900𝑚𝑚

2 1
𝑉𝑐𝑝 = (1 + ) ( √27.6𝑀𝑃𝑎 )
1 6

𝑉𝑐𝑝 = 2.6268𝑀𝑃𝑎

1 1
𝑉𝑐𝑝𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤 = √𝑓 ′ 𝑐 = √27.6𝑀𝑃𝑎
3 3

𝑉𝑐𝑝𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤 = 1.75𝑀𝑃𝑎 > 𝑉𝑐𝑝𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤

Therefore use 𝑉𝑐𝑝𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤 = 1.75𝑀𝑃𝑎

 Equate 𝑉𝑐𝑝 to 𝑉𝑐𝑝𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤 :

𝑉𝑢
𝑉𝑛𝑝 = , 𝑉𝑢 = 𝑞𝑢[𝐿2 − (𝑐 + 𝑑)2 ]
∅𝑏𝑜 𝑑

𝑉𝑢 = 0.34721[29002 − (500 + 𝑑)2 ]

𝑏𝑜 = 4(𝑐 + 𝑑) = 4(500 + 𝑑)

0.34721[29002 −(500+𝑑)2 ]
1.75𝑀𝑃𝑎 =
(0.75)[4(500+𝑑)](𝑑)

𝑑 = 493.887𝑚𝑚 ≈ 494𝑚𝑚(GOVERNS)

9. Check for total depth.

ℎ𝑐 = 𝑑 + 𝑐𝑐 + 1.5𝑑𝑏𝑚 = 494𝑚𝑚 + 75𝑚𝑚 + 1.5(25𝑚𝑚)

ℎ𝑐 = 606.5𝑚𝑚 < 700𝑚𝑚 (𝑜𝑘)

d = 494 + 1.5(25)

d = 531.5 mm

10. Solve for actual moment, “ 𝑀𝑢 ”.

𝑞𝑢𝐿(𝐿𝑚 )2
𝑀𝑢 =
2

2.9𝑚−0.5𝑚
𝐿𝑚 = = 1.2𝑚
2

347.21(2.9𝑚)(1.2𝑚)2
𝑀𝑢 =
2

𝑀𝑢 = 724.97 𝑘𝑁

11. Find the value of “𝜔”, “ 𝜌”,

and “ 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 ”.

𝑀𝑢 = ∅𝑓 ′ 𝑐𝑏𝑑 2 𝜔(1 − 0.59𝜔)

724.97(106 ) = (0.90)(27.60)(2900)(606.5)2 (𝜔)(1 − 0.59𝜔)

𝜔 = 0.0278
 𝜔𝑓′ 𝑐 0.0278(27.6)
𝜌= = = 0.00279
𝑓𝑦 275

1.4 1.4
𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = = = 0.00509 > 𝜌
𝑓𝑦 275

Therefore, use 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.00509

12. Solve for 𝐴𝑠 .

𝐴𝑠 = 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 𝑏𝑑 = 0.00509 (2900)(531.5)

𝐴𝑠 = 7845.47𝑚𝑚2

13. Solve for N .

𝐴𝑠 7845.47𝑚𝑚2
𝑁=𝜋 = 𝜋 = 15.98 ≈ 16 𝑝𝑐𝑠.
(𝑑 2 ) (252 )
4 4

∴ 𝑈𝑠𝑒 16 − 25𝑚𝑚 ∅ bars

14. Solve for development length.

3𝑓𝑦 𝛼𝛽𝛾
𝐿𝑑𝑟𝑒𝑞′𝑑 = (𝑑𝑏 ) 𝐿𝑑 = 𝐿𝑚 − 𝑐𝑐
5√𝑓′ 𝑐 𝑓𝑢𝑟𝑛′ 𝑑

𝛼 = 𝛽 = 𝛾 = 1 (𝑢𝑛𝑙𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑒𝑑) = 1200𝑚𝑚 − 75𝑚𝑚

3(275)(1)(1)(1)
𝐿𝑑𝑟𝑒𝑞′𝑑 = (25) 𝐿𝑑 = 1125𝑚𝑚 > 𝐿𝑑𝑟𝑒𝑞′𝑑
5√27.6 𝑓𝑢𝑟𝑛′ 𝑑

𝐿𝑑𝑟𝑒𝑞′𝑑 = 765.18 𝑚𝑚 ≈ 770𝑚𝑚

(OK, hook at bar end is not required)

15. Check for bearing stress,“𝐹𝑏 ”.

𝐴
𝐹𝑏 = ∅0.85𝑓 ′ 𝑐𝐴1 (√ 2 )
𝐴1

𝐴 𝐴 2.92
√𝐴2 must not be > 2 , √ 2 = √ 2 = 5.8 > 2
𝐴 0.5
1 1

𝐴
Therefore use √ 2 = 2
𝐴 1

𝐹𝑏 = (0.75)(0.85)(27.6𝑀𝑃𝑎)(0.5𝑚𝑚)2 (2)(103 )

𝐹𝑏 = 8797.5𝑘𝑁 > 𝑃𝑢

Therefore no dowels are needed.

16. Solve for “𝐴𝑠𝑚𝑖𝑛 ” across the interface of the column and the
footing

𝐴𝑠𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.005𝐴1 = 0.005(500)2

𝐴𝑠𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 1250𝑚𝑚2

17. Summary

Use 2.9m x 2.9m footing with the effective depth to the top
bars of 494mm (total depth = 606.5mm),with 16 - 25mm ∅ bars
bothways.
Time Duration (Problem 1): 28 mins. And 14 sec.

Time Duration (Problem 2): 22 mins. And 42 sec.