NAME : SRI REZKI BUSTAN

NIM : 40300118110

CLASS : AG 5

Articles of Ecocriticism

Literary Ecocritic

Literary ecocritic is relatively new in the literary research scene. The universe of literary criticism is
also new to the term ecocritic, although this context has existed for a long time. This is also admitted
by Garrad, a figure who helped lay the foundation for literary ecocritic. He is a figure worthy of being
called the father of literary ecocritic. Literary ecocritic tends to be a pillar of literary criticism.
Literary criticism certainly seeks to provide literary evaluation. Phillips argues that literary ecocritic
has recorded up to now the overly pious attitude of human life to nature. Meanwhile, other modes of
political criticism in literature, such as Marxism, feminism and postcolonialism, also had their origins
as new social movements at that time. Since then, mainstream literature and cultural studies has had
considerable resistance to the practice of ecocritical criticism centered on the earth.

Most of the literary ecocritic views admit that the role of language, culture and society in shaping
human perceptions of nature is a relation that is difficult to deny. So the construction of culture and
social relations also often polishes the state of the earth's bisofer within the scope of literary studies.
Ecocritic is a study perspective that seeks to analyze literature from an environmental point of view.
This study seeks to observe that the environmental crisis not only raises technical, scientific and
political questions, but also cultural issues related to literary phenomena. Efforts to critically examine
literature from an environmental aspect have led to a relatively new discipline called literary ecocritic.
The habit that occurs in literary ecocritic is to present cultural phenomena, climate, environmental
change in literature. Climate change, culture, periods of environmental extinction, and complex moral
degradation are often attached to texts, thus posing challenges for literary ecocritical reviewers, thus
posing challenges for readers of literary ecocritics.

The main target of ecocriticism certainly needs selection, not as long as literary works are criticized
on the basis of literary ecocritics. What needs to be remembered again is that literary ecocritic is a
perspective that considers environmental aspects into literature. Literature and nature need harmony,
so that humans can live comfortably. At this point literature will speak up. That is why an eco-
scientific perspective needs to be used to trace literary works. From the literary reality, there are many
works that worship nature and its surroundings. Literary ecocritical studies have, thus far, shown the
mystical, didactic and philosophical aspects of Wordsworth's natural poetry. That is, a new approach
called literary ecocritic is indispensable for examining natural poetry. It is hoped that the perspective
of literary ecocritics can bridge the new generation of readers and critics who have begun to lose their
enthusiasm for dissecting poetry with a traditional approach. Harmony can be observed through
literary texts. This discipline enters the world of literature when critics tend to evaluate a literary work
from an eco-scientific perspective by applying the term "ecocriticism". This means that ecocritism
will find harmony between literature, humans and the universe.

Literature is a vehicle for achieving harmony. The ecocritical perspective of literature is an alternative
path to the study of literary and environmental analysis from an interdisciplinary perspective. In this
view all disciplines come together to analyze the environment and find out possible solutions to
environmental problems currently related to literature. With the publication of two literary ecoritic
guides, both published in the mid-1990s entitled The Eccocritisme Reader with editors Cheryll
Glotfelty and Harold Fromm and Environmental Imagination editor by Lawrence Buell ecocritism
began to receive widespread attention. Thus it is also stated that ecocritism is the study of the
relationship between literature and the physical environment. Literary ecocritical studies can be said
that any literary work that describes nature as an instrument with the intention of giving a message to
the reader can fall into the category of a piece of written ecocritic. In this context, William
Wordsworth's poetry is considered to have power as an environmentally conscious literary work.
Many of his poems contain studies of the relationship between literature and the environment carried
out in a spirit of commitment to a practical environment. Such literary work means it is appropriate to
become an ecocritical work. Literature that cares about the environment will encourage readers to be
wiser or more environmentally friendly.

Deleting traces of literary ecocritic is quite exciting. Ecocritic has succeeded in pumping up all the
desires of literary observers. The ecocriticism he aimed at was actually a literary reader. Literary
communication will occur well when the sender of the message, text, and reader synergizes. Even on
a broad scale, the reader is increasingly interested in literature ecology studies. Exploring the
relationship between literature and the physical environment, it must be related to the reader. Literary
ecology is the study of the ways that reading and writing both reflect and influence our interactions
with nature. The introduction to Glotfelty and Fromm's book, «The Eccocticsm Reader» defines the
discourse of ecological literature and sketches its development over the past quarter century.

The contents of the article are able to look back, about the origins and look forward to find trends and
provide interesting and clear explanations with a literary ecological approach. The articles presented
contain an introduction to the field as a source book for studying ecological literature. This book also
defines the discourse of literary ecology, sketches its development during the last quarter century, and
provides compelling and vivid descriptions and examples of sharing approaches to literary ecology. In
simple terms, ecocritism is the study of the relationship between literature and the physical
environment. Just as feminist criticism examines language and literature from a gender-conscious
perspective, and Marxist criticism brings awareness of the modes of production and economy of a
class to reading texts, ecocritism makes use of the earth approach as central to literary studies. The
scope of literary ecology studies that he offers deserves to be explored deeper. Literature and
environment are two different things, but they can be combined. What is even more interesting is
Glotfelty's admission that, in an honest way, finding herself after reading a few contemporary novels
and stories each year, she so often feels that her work is the most celebrated by literary scholars.
Being celebrated means that it has always been an important reference for understanding literary
ecocritics. It must be admitted that several ecocritical studies or literary ecology in Indonesia are
oriented towards Glotfelty's ideas. Even through his questioning style, even from the 13 questions
above, he seems to have dissolved in the concept of literary ecology. Hence the literary spotlight often
reinforces the functional state of the earth. Glotfelty stated that her articles have inspired and
commented on various parties regarding literary ecocritism. In the context of literary ecocritic, when
the writer refers to the 'necessities of life' we have to ask what he means by life. In the footsteps of
literary ecocritic, this kind of thing will appear in the text. Literary texts will not be mute to
environmental conditions.

References

Endraswara, Suwardi. 2016. Metodologi Penelitian Ekologi Sastra: Konsep, Langkah, dan
Penerapannya. Yogyakarta: CAPS.

Endraswara, Suwardi (Ed.). 2016. Sastra Ekologi: Teori dan Praktik Pengkajian. Yogyakarta: CAPS.

Garrad. Greg. 2004. Eccocritism. London and New York: Routledge, 2004. ISBN 0-415-19672-2.
Kate Rigby, Monash University.

Harsono, Siswo. 2008. “Ekokritik: Kritik Sastra Berwawasan Lingkungan” Semarang: Kajian Sastra;
Jurnal Kebahasaan dan Kesusastraan.