Enamel Manual English

VIA TRIESTE, 26/C – LOC.
CASONI
36065 MUSSOLENTE (VI) - ITALY
C.F./P.IVA/R.I.: 02642430249
FAX: +39-0424-578035
TEL +39-0424-578034
e – mail: info@eurotecniche.com
C.S.: € 72.000,00 i.v.
ENAMEL GLAZES
APPLICATION
&
DECORATION
GALVANIC PLANTS - MACHINERY & PRODUCTS FOR PRECIOUS 1

METALS SURFACE-FINISHING
VIA TRIESTE, 26/C – LOC. CASONI
C.F./P.IVA/R.I.: 02642430249
FAX: +39-0424-578035
TEL +39-0424-578034
INDEX C.S.: € 72.000,00 i.v.
1- WHAT IS ENAMEL
1.1 Historical data
1.2 Characteristics
1.3 Typology
2- PROCESSING DIRECTIONS
2.1 Advice for a good operational way
2.2 Physic-chemic datas of product
3- GLAZE DISPENSER
3.1 Specifications
4- ENAMEL BAKING FURNACE
5- SUBLIMATION
5.1 Processing direction
5.2 Methodology for a correct transfer on metal surfaces

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TEL +39-0424-578034
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1-WHAT IS ENAMEL
1.1 Historical data
The art of ENAMEL is very old and probably is born in ancient Egypt,
2000 years b.c. with the aim of rendering more beautiful, with colour,
gold necklaces and jewels.
At the beginning was related to a work consisting of mounting little

glass frames into little metal cells and only later fire was used to melt
these glasses on metals as brass.
We can say that the triumph of this art arises at
the period of Byzantium empire and technic
reaches between VII and XII century a stylish
perfection that nowadays doesn’t finish to surprise
us again.
Technical develops successively in Georgia (Russia), in Germany,

France and at least in Italy.
Born for goldsmith gender, enamel was used in Medio-Evo for holy art,
but with the period called “Rinascimento” it also diffuses for object of
different nature.
We can say that technical of enamel applying has remained the same
until now days. Some machines can help and make the process speedy.

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1.2 Characteristics
The enamel is a chemical product exempted by solvents, and so

unscented (for other chemic-physic informations and way of use,
consult safety technic card or product label furnished by producer).
Transparency and brightness:
Using enamels in the version neutral transparency and coloured

transparency, it gets an effect of transparency and brightness similar to
the glass.

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Hardness and adhesion:
The enamel has an exceptional adhesion on all the supports (glass, noble
metals and not, plastic matters, subjects first dispositions, skin, stones,
wood etc.), therefore its employment is very vast. In origin the enamel is
introduced and distinguished really for its hardness and its brightness,
nevertheless it is possible also to get it with a thin varying elasticity until
a softness equal to the rubber and at the same time it remains
exceptionally bright. So, it can be applied on rigid materials, but also on
flexible materials.
Resistance:
Resistant to the scratch, to the bumps, to the mechanical pressures,

good resistance to the light (for the degree of resistance of the single
colors, see in the specific card tecnique). Possibility to be smoothed and
polished again. All the available colors can be furnished to a different
degree of stringiness with the purpose to be used as contour (" graphite
", for this workmanship you see specific card).

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1.3 Typology
Available in the versions: TRANSPARENT (neutral and coloured),

COVERING, MOTHER of PEARL, FLUORESCENT and GLITTER.
All the colours can be mixed between themselves with the purpose to get
all the possible shades.

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2- PROCESSING DIRECTIONS
A) MIXTURE MAKE UP:
4 gr. of catalyst are added to 10 gr. enamel and the 14 gr. of mixture is
carefully mixed, taking care to avoid as much as possible air inclusion,
which can originate bubbles inside the enamel.
Notes:
1) The reported make up ratio is effective for all catalyst and enamel
grades, once put in the owen at 70°C.
2) Enamel must be carefully mixed before use, as it can undergo
settlement of some constituent and must rest before using it.
B) MIXTURE APPLICATION:
On perfectly degreased, possibly confined areas, by means of a syringe

connected to a compressed air operated dispenser.
C) ARTICLES STANDING:
Coated pieces are hung on the rotating rod inside the furnace to be later
cooked.

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D) OVEN HEATING:
-Temperature 70°C, time 30 minutes, in rotating furnace (curved

surfaces must rotate to get a better distribution of enamel).
-For flat surfaces is sufficient lay articles inside the furnace.
-The furnace temperature must be kept constant throughout the baking

time
-Longer baking does not affect the result, but very long baking
(exceeding one hour) can increase enamel brittleness.

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2.1 Advices for good operational ways
Operational way:
Re-heat the catalyst to 20÷25 C° in water bath, add it to the enamel,

agitate slowly, stop it for 10 minutes and go for the application.
You can take away a possible presence of air bubbles with a quickly
flame with town gas.
Drying:
From 30 to 60 minutes at 70°C, higher temperature can provoke a

separation from the support.
Work time:
The enamel mixed with catalyst must be used in a maximum time of 60

minutes.

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Stress relieving:
For a good result, check that the manufactured good is in horizontal

position
Loss of brightness:
There is loss of brightness caused by great relative humidity
Support:
It must be carefully degreased and possibly rough, especially on plastic,

to increase the adhesive power.
For curved surfaces and for swell manufactured goods use catalyst for
curve surfaces.

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2.2 Physic-chemic datas of product
Shape and colour: liquid

Smell: light
PH: about 8
Ebullition point: > 200°C
Inflammability point: > 150°C
Relative density: 1,17 gr/ml at 25°C
Hydrosolubility: unsoluble
Dinamic stringiness: 600-800 nPa.s a 25°C
In the working with enamels operate with care, don’t' touch the
enamels with hands, and read our toxicological cards.

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3- GLAZE DISPENSER
This device is used to apply glaze enamels by means of compressed air,

supplied by a suitable air compressor, available by request.
The enamel, previously prepared, is put into a syringe.
The syringe will be connected to an air dispenser.
Through a foot switch the dispenser push enamel into a needle,

previously selected in relation to surface to be enamelled, and then on
yhe object.
Air pressure is regulated by an outlet pressure gauge.
Needles of different shapes and sizes are available, in order to allow the
application of glazes on a wide variety of objects.
A double dosage device is available as well, with two completely

independent outlet sets and a single air pressure inlet for a greater
production.

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3.1 Specifications
- Inlet air pressure valves: 3÷6 bar

- Outlet air pressure valves: 1÷3 bar
- Outlet regulation knob provided with block fitting
- Outlet pressure gauge
- Size: width 200 mm - side width 180 mm - height 100 mm

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4-ENAMEL BAKING FURNACE
This compact baking furnace permits large scale production while

maintaining highest possible standard of quality.
The most important characteristics are:
- Thermostatic system, which keeps the selected temperature even

by means of circulation air;
- Watery vapour dispersion system
- Timer
- Temperature control
- Speed variator
- Internal light
- External dimensions: (LXDXH) mm 595x610x575
- Internal dimensions : (LXDXH) mm 445x415x355
- Power : 2600 W

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5- SUBLIMATION
Some types of enamel glazes can be decorated by transferring colours

and designs on enamelled surface.
This process is called SUBLIMATION
Sublimation is the process of transferring drawings or colour into the

enamel through a previously prepared base.
Sublimation takes place by heating the articles at a specific and

constant temperature.
Once desired effect is gotten, articles can be subjected tofurther

treatments such as mechanical polishing or dipping in most of plating
solutions, without damaging the decorated glaze.

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5.1 Processing direction
1-BASE ADHESION:
The area to be decorated is made adhere to the previously selected base.
Care must be taken so that the base perfectly adheres to the enamel.
it is often necessary to bind the area with special adhesive tape to avoid
raising during the process.
2-DECORATION:
The article is placed intothe same furnace for enamels.
Temperature varies between 140 and 160°C and time between 5 and 15
minutes, Time of rest depends on the surface to be treated.
3-CLEANING:
If the process has not given good results, it has to be removed, and a
new one started again.

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5.2 Methodology for a correct transfer on metal surfaces
- Put enamel on the article anf follow cooking instructions of the

same.
- Sublimation is possible only on enamel. By changing the enamel

base(ex. Transparent, or white opaque) is possible to get many
different effects:
1) Article’s base can be opportunely finished, galvanised, diamond
cut, or simply raw, and finishing and brightness of enamel is
not modified
2) Apply the base on metal object.
For a good transfer a perfect adherence between sheet and object is

absolutely necessary.

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There are several application systems:

1) By hand is the most used, in this case the good adherence is given
by a good application of the operator.
2) By hot press: in this case the transfer will be very fast (only 20 sec
at 190°) but it is possible to decorate only flat
This decoration system has been successfully experimented also on

plastic, glass, wood, pottery, leather etc.
The transfer system is achieving a bigger and bigger development
many application fields like spectacle frames, jewelry, watches, sport
articles and so on.
It is a very simple system to use and it is not expensive.


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VIA TRIESTE, 26/C – LOC.

GALVANIC PLANTS - MACHINERY & PRODUCTS FOR PRECIOUS 1

4- ENAMEL BAKING FURNACE

GALVANIC PLANTS - MACHINERY & PRODUCTS FOR PRECIOUS 2

1.1 Historical data

At the beginning was related to a work consisting of mounting little

Technical develops successively in Georgia (Russia), in Germany,

GALVANIC PLANTS - MACHINERY & PRODUCTS FOR PRECIOUS 3

The enamel is a chemical product exempted by solvents, and so

Transparency and brightness:

Using enamels in the version neutral transparency and coloured

GALVANIC PLANTS - MACHINERY & PRODUCTS FOR PRECIOUS 4

Hardness and adhesion:

Resistant to the scratch, to the bumps, to the mechanical pressures,

GALVANIC PLANTS - MACHINERY & PRODUCTS FOR PRECIOUS 5

Available in the versions: TRANSPARENT (neutral and coloured),

GALVANIC PLANTS - MACHINERY & PRODUCTS FOR PRECIOUS 6

GALVANIC PLANTS - MACHINERY & PRODUCTS FOR PRECIOUS 7

A) MIXTURE MAKE UP:

On perfectly degreased, possibly confined areas, by means of a syringe

GALVANIC PLANTS - MACHINERY & PRODUCTS FOR PRECIOUS 8

-Temperature 70°C, time 30 minutes, in rotating furnace (curved

-For flat surfaces is sufficient lay articles inside the furnace.

-The furnace temperature must be kept constant throughout the baking

GALVANIC PLANTS - MACHINERY & PRODUCTS FOR PRECIOUS 9

2.1 Advices for good operational ways

Re-heat the catalyst to 20÷25 C° in water bath, add it to the enamel,

From 30 to 60 minutes at 70°C, higher temperature can provoke a

The enamel mixed with catalyst must be used in a maximum time of 60

GALVANIC PLANTS - MACHINERY & PRODUCTS FOR PRECIOUS 10

For a good result, check that the manufactured good is in horizontal

There is loss of brightness caused by great relative humidity

It must be carefully degreased and possibly rough, especially on plastic,

GALVANIC PLANTS - MACHINERY & PRODUCTS FOR PRECIOUS 11

2.2 Physic-chemic datas of product

Shape and colour: liquid

GALVANIC PLANTS - MACHINERY & PRODUCTS FOR PRECIOUS 12

This device is used to apply glaze enamels by means of compressed air,

The enamel, previously prepared, is put into a syringe.

The syringe will be connected to an air dispenser.

Through a foot switch the dispenser push enamel into a needle,

Air pressure is regulated by an outlet pressure gauge.

A double dosage device is available as well, with two completely

GALVANIC PLANTS - MACHINERY & PRODUCTS FOR PRECIOUS 13

- Inlet air pressure valves: 3÷6 bar

GALVANIC PLANTS - MACHINERY & PRODUCTS FOR PRECIOUS 14

4-ENAMEL BAKING FURNACE

This compact baking furnace permits large scale production while

The most important characteristics are:

- Thermostatic system, which keeps the selected temperature even

- Watery vapour dispersion system

- External dimensions: (LXDXH) mm 595x610x575

- Internal dimensions : (LXDXH) mm 445x415x355

GALVANIC PLANTS - MACHINERY & PRODUCTS FOR PRECIOUS 15

Some types of enamel glazes can be decorated by transferring colours

This process is called SUBLIMATION

Sublimation is the process of transferring drawings or colour into the

Sublimation takes place by heating the articles at a specific and

Once desired effect is gotten, articles can be subjected tofurther

GALVANIC PLANTS - MACHINERY & PRODUCTS FOR PRECIOUS 16

5.1 Processing direction

The area to be decorated is made adhere to the previously selected base.

The article is placed intothe same furnace for enamels.