Recovery of nickel and magnesium ions

by supported liquid
membrane (SLM) extraction

Presented by:
Muhammad Jawad Ismaeel
Registration Number:
MS-20-MC-506412
INTRODUCTION:

LIQUID MEMBRANES:
A liquid acting as a semipermeable barrier between two fluid phases.
Driving Force:
Solute concentration gradient. (in most cases).
Mechanism:
Solution-diffusion (sometimes also chemical reaction).
Abstract/Purpose:

Heavy metal ions very often appear in high concentrations in all

kind of effluents giving rise to hazards of pollution because of
their high toxicities and wide environmental spreading.
Recovery of nickel and magnesium ions from effluents resulting
from the metal finishing industry.
 Supported liquid membrane(SLM):
Also Called as Immobilized liquid membrane (ILM).
The liquid film is immobilized within the pores of a porous membrane.
The porous membrane serves as a supporting layer for the liquid film.
Such membranes can easily be prepared by impregnating a hydrophobic
porous membrane with a suitable organic solution.
Molecules diffuse through the liquid in the pores.
Membrane thickness range is 20-150 µm.
Facilitated Transport:
The carrier in the organic solution accelerates the transport of the specific
component. This type of transport is called “carrier mediated” transport or
facilitated transport.
A basic feature of carrier-mediated transport is that the complexation
reaction must be reversible otherwise transport will stop once all the carrier
molecules have formed a complex with the solute.
Coupled transport :
Distribution and Selectivity Coefficient:

 D c /c
Ni = Ni,o Ni,a

D c /c
Mg = Mg,o Mg,a

α = (cNi,o/cNi,a) /(cMg,o/cMg,a)
Calculation of Flux :
Man+ + nHLo ↔ MLno + nHa+
with Mn+ = metal ion and HL = ligand.
The flow of metal ions in the boundary layer (Jbl) is given by

Jbl = -Dbl d[Mn+]a

d
x
Jbl = Dbl ([Mn+]a - [Mn+]a,i)
δ
where δ is the thickness of the boundary layer. The subscript
‘i’ indicates that the concentration is an interfacial concentration.
The flux of metal ions through the membrane phase (Jm) is given by

Jm = -Dm d[M ]
n+ o

Assuming that thedconcentration [MLn] at the interface between membrane and strip phase is
zero as a result of x
the very acidic strip solution, an integration over the membrane results in:

Jm = Dm [M ]
n+ o,i

L
where l is the membrane thickness. Under steady-state conditions the fluxes are equal
(otherwise accumulation would occur), i.e. Jbl = Jm and, in addition, are equal to the
overall flux J.

J = -V
A d
d[M ]
n+ a

x
where V is the total feed volume and A is the membrane area.
 Calculation of permeability coefficient

P=J/c
where P is the
permeability coefficient
(m s-1), J the flux
(g m-2 s-1) and c is the
concentration (g m-3).
supported liquid membrane (SLM) extraction
Advantages:
High Interfacial Area per Unit Volume.
Low Solvent Loss.
Low possibilities of concentration polarization.
Disadvantages:
Instability of liquid film.
The reason for a supported liquid membrane to become instable is the loss of the
liquid membrane phase out of the pores of the support.
Resistance due to membrane itself.