The results of elections usually change dramatically.

After one party's unilateral victory, the

other party may suffer an overwhelming election in the next election. Selective changes can

be divided into two types: short-term and long-term. Short-term changes are the result of

changes in election-specific factors (such as candidate characteristics and important specific

issues). These short-term factors are beneficial to the Democrats in some elections, while

they are very beneficial to Republicans in other elections, and maybe evenly distributed to

third place.

The understanding of voters' personal qualities and government performance evaluation is

mainly a short-term factor. They tend to be specific to specific options, and as candidates and

events change, it is easy to move from one option to another. The fact that a political party

has a huge advantage of these two elements in one election does not mean that the next

election has a similar advantage. However, these views and assessments may have long-term

consequences. Because of the favorable attitude towards the candidate, politics, the

performance of the party or the unfavorable attitude towards the other party, the voters can be

determined within the party. Voter identification can at least partially assess voters' views on

recent political history. Political scientists' research on electoral behavior has attracted

considerable attention. In the United States and other democratic countries, most studies on

voter behavior believe that voting choices are the result of several interrelated social and

social factors (Braha & Aguiar, 2017).

Long-term changes are the result of changes in core loyalty and are changes that follow

certain choices. When the political party system undergoes a major reorganization, the most

important long-term changes will occur. This means that the loyalty structure of a party

changes radically and over time relatively quickly. Perestroika rarely happens. The last major

coup in the party system occurred in the 1930s, before the 1890s and 1850s. Of course, at any
given time, there will be some changes in the loyalty of both parties, but only in rare cases is

it important enough to be considered a reorganization.

Voters usually judge presidential candidates based on their personalities. They form the

image of the candidate's personal qualities and abilities, and this perception has had a

significant impact on voting. Appropriate attributes include the candidate's knowledge,

experience, honesty, ethics, compassion, ability, and leadership skills. This concern seems to

have played an important role in many recent presidential campaigns. In 1992, Bill Clinton

was charged with adultery and was jail broken during the Vietnam War. President Bush was

attacked as a weak leader. Similarly, when Democrats questioned the quality of Bush’s

leadership, Michael Dukakis was criticized by Bush in 1988 for his lack of patriotism and

lack of American values. Some candidates have a negative view of personal qualities, while

others benefit from a very positive view. For example, Ronald Reagan's strong appeal to

voters has achieved many achievements (Prysby & Scavo).

Many behavioral and social factors are related to individual voting behavior. Among the

behavioral factors, evaluating the personality traits of candidates, evaluating government

performance, and focusing on determining specific policy issues and political parties are the

key factors in determining candidate selection. In terms of social factors, social class, race,

religion, and gender are the characteristics most closely related to voting. By examining the

relationship between these factors and the votes in a particular election, the candidate can not

only change the results of the election but also understand the dynamics of the election.
References
Braha, D., & Aguiar, M. A. M. D. (2017). Voting contagion: Modeling and analysis of a
century of U.S. presidential elections. Plos One, 12(5). DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177970
Prysby, C., & Scavo, C. (n.d.). Retrieved from
http://web.csulb.edu/~astevens/posc420/files/Prysby2.htm