LOO CHIN YEE

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A202 BEEI3053
Latihan Perbincangan 1

a) Apakah faktor utama yang dipertimbangkan dalam mentakrifkan pasaran.

What is the main factor taken into consideration in defining the market.

Market is a means by which goods and services are exchanged as a result of the fact that
buyers and sellers have a direct or intermediary contact. There are two main factors taken into
consideration in defining the market which is the number of firms and the nature of product
differentiation. Different combinations of these characteristics give rise to different market
structures. For example, competitive markets in which there many sellers, to oligopoly markets
in which there are just a few sellers, to monopoly markets in which there is just one seller.
However, markets in which firms sell identical or nearly identical products to differentiated
products that consumers view as distinctive.
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b) Berdasarkan Jadual 2, senaraikan firma logistik yang bersaing dalam setiap segmen pasaran
mengikut syer pasaran dari yang terbesar hingga yang terkecil.

Based on Table 2, list the logistics firms that compete in every segment of the market
according to the market share from the largest to the smallest.

Jadual 2: Prestasi Firma (Logistik) di Negara Mika Pada Tahun 2016

Firma Caj perkhidmatan Bilangan Total sales Market

(Firms) (Charges per trips) Perjalanan of company Share
(Number of Trips) (Percent)
NYL Logistics 70,000 1,350 94,500,000 14.26
MISC Integrated 80,000 1,000 80,000,000 12.07
Multiple Targets 40,000 1,320 52,800,000 7.97
GD Express 50,000 1,045 52,250,000 7.88
Carrier
Hap Seng 47,000 1,050 49,350,000 7.44
Logistics
CKE Transport 43,000 1,025 44,075,000 6.65
Penang Port 50,000 845 42,250,000 6.37
Naim 45,000 890 40,050,000 6.04
Go Car Mobility 50,000 800 40,000,000 6.03
EH Utara 55,000 700 38,500,000 5.81
Holdings
Airpark Express 47,000 750 35,250,000 5.32
Century Logistics 41,000 725 29,725,000 4.48
PKT Logistics 42,000 690 28,980,000 4.37
Gold Cold 38,000 550 20,900,000 3.15
Transport
Taipano 30,000 475 14,250,000 2.15

Total 662,880,000 100

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Measurement for market structure of the industry logistics at Mika:

94,500,000+80,000,000+52,800,000+52,250,000
We use 4-Firm concentration ratio, 4CR ¿
662,880,000
= 0.42

Therefore, these firms have a influence in the market power since they are classified as oligopoly
market.
However, NYL Logistics has a large share (dominant) of the logistics market but competes
against 14 logistics firms, each offering identical services.
Logistics market of structure at Mika country is considered as differentiated products oligopoly
markets. Because small number of firms provided services that are substitutes for each other but
also differ from each other in significant way, including charges per trips and number of trips.