‫ﻣﺠﻠﺲ أﺑــﻮﻇﺒــــﻲ ﻟﻠﺘـﻌـﻠــــﯿﻢ‬

‫اﻟﻜﯿﻤﯿﺎء‬ ‫‪:‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤــــــــــﺎدة‬ ‫إدارة ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ أﺑﻮ ﻇﺒﻲ اﻟﺘﻌﻠﯿﻤﯿﺔ‬

‫‪ :‬ﺳﺎﻋﺔ وﻧﺼﻒ‬ ‫زﻣﻦ اﻹﺟﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺟﯿﮫ اﻟﻜﯿﻤﯿﺎء‬

‫ﺍﻣﺘﺤﺎﻥ ﲡﺮﻳﱯ ﻟﻠﺼﻒ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﻋﺸﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﻲ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻌﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﻲ ‪ 2011 / 2010‬ﻡ‬
‫اﻷﺳﺌﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ) ‪ ( 5‬ﺻﻔﺤﺎت وﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻄﺎﻟﺐ اﻟﺘﺄﻛﺪ ﻣﻦ ذﻟﻚ‬
‫ﺑﺈﺷراف ﻣوﺟﻪ اﻟﻛﻳﻣﻳﺎء ‪ /‬ﻋﺎدل اﻟﺟﻳﺎر‬ ‫إﻋداد ﻣﻌﻠم اﻟﻛﻳﻣﻳﺎء ‪ /‬ﺳﺎﻣﻲ ﻣﺣﻣد أﺑو اﻟﻌﻼ )أﻛﺎدﻳﻣﻳﺔ اﻟﺟزﻳرة ﻟﻛرة اﻟﻘدم (‬
‫==============================================================================‬

‫‪25‬‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺆال اﻷول ‪:‬‬

‫‪80‬‬
‫أوﻻً ﺿﻊ ﻋﻼﻣﺔ ) ‪ ( ü‬أﻣﺎم اﻟﺘﻜﻤﻠﺔ اﻟﺼﺤﯿﺤﺔ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻣﻤﺎ ﯾﺄﺗﻲ ‪:‬‬
‫‪60‬‬ ‫‪ -1‬ﻗﯿﻤﺔ ﻃﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﺘﻨﺸﯿﻂ )‪ ( kJ/ mol‬ﻟﻠﺘﻔﺎﻋﻞ اﻟﻌﻜﺴﻲ‬
‫‪40‬‬
‫‪20‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻤﺜﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻜﻞ اﻟﻤﺠﺎور ﺗﺴﺎوي‪:‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫? ‪+100‬‬ ‫? ‪+20‬‬
‫‪-20‬‬
‫? ‪-80‬‬ ‫? ‪-20‬‬
‫أﻣﺎﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻜﺴﻲ‬
‫‪ -2‬ﻓﯿﻤﺎ ﯾﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋﻞ ‪ 2S(S) + 3O2(g) → 2SO3(g) ∆H = - 792 kJ :‬أي اﻟﻌﺒﺎرات اﻟﺘﺎﻟﯿﺔ ﺻﺤﯿﺤﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫? ﺣﺮارة ﺗﻜﻮﯾﻦ )‪ = SO3 (g‬ﺣﺮارة اﺣﺘﺮاق )‪S(S‬‬ ‫? اﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﻣﺎص ﻟﻠﺤﺮارة‬
‫? ﺣﺮارة اﺣﺘﺮاق )‪ = S(S‬ﺣﺮارة اﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫? ﺣﺮارة ﺗﻜﻮﯾﻦ )‪ = SO3 (g‬ﺣﺮارة اﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬
‫‪ -3‬إذا ﻋﻠﻤﺖ أن أﺣﺪ اﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋﻼت ﯾﺘﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﺨﻄﻮﺗﯿﻦ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﯿﺘﯿﻦ‪-:‬‬
‫‪H2O2 + I -‬‬ ‫→‬ ‫‪H2O + IO-‬‬
‫‪H2O2 + IO-‬‬ ‫→‬ ‫‪H2O + I - + O2‬‬
‫أي ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻮاد اﻟﺘﺎﻟﯿﺔ ﯾﻤﺜﻞ ﺣﻔﺎزاً؟‬
‫‪-‬‬
‫? ‪H2 O2‬‬ ‫? ‪H2 O‬‬ ‫? ‪I‬‬ ‫? ‪IO-‬‬
‫‪ -4‬ﻣﺎ ﻛﺘﻠﺔ ﻋﯿﻨﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺤﺎس ﺗﻤﺘﺺ ﻃﺎﻗﺔ ‪ 53.9 J‬ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﺴﺨﻦ ﻣﻦ ‪ 274K‬إﻟﻰ ‪ 314K‬وﻟﮭﺎ ﺣﺮارة ﻧﻮﻋﯿﺔ ﺗﺴﺎوي)‪ ( 0.385 J/g . K‬؟‬
‫? ‪0.04g‬‬ ‫? ‪8.0g‬‬ ‫? ‪3.5g‬‬ ‫? ‪4.0g‬‬
‫‪ -5‬ﻣﺎ أﺛﺮ زﯾﺎدة درﺟﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارة ﻓﻲ اﻟﻨﻈﺎم اﻟﻤﺘﺰن ‪ CH3OH(g) + 110 kJ D CO(g) + 2H2 (g) :‬؟‬
‫?ﯾﻨﺨﻔﺾ ]‪ [CH3OH‬و ﯾﺰداد ]‪.[CO‬‬ ‫? ﯾﺰداد ]‪ [CH3OH‬وﯾﻨﺨﻔﺾ ]‪.[CO‬‬
‫? ﯾﻘﻞ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ ] ‪ [ H2‬و] ‪. [ CO‬‬ ‫? ﯾﺰداد ﻛﻞٍ ﻣﻦ]‪ [CH3OH‬و ]‪.[CO‬‬
‫‪ -6‬أي ﻣﻦ ﻣﺤﺎﻟﯿﻞ اﻷﻣﻼح اﻟﺘﺎﻟﯿﺔ ﯾﺤﺪث ﻓﯿﮫ ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ ﺗﻤﯿﺆ ﻛﺎﺗﯿﻮن؟‬
‫? ‪NaF‬‬ ‫? ‪NH4Cl‬‬ ‫? ‪CH3COONa‬‬ ‫? ‪KNO3‬‬
‫‪ -7‬أي ﻣﻤﺎ ﯾﺄﺗﻲ ﯾﻤﻜﻦ أن ﯾُﻐﯿﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻗﯿﻤﺔ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺗﺄﯾﻦ اﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﻀﻌﯿﻔﺔ ؟‬
‫? اﻟﻀﻐﻂ‪.‬‬ ‫? ﺗﺮﻛﯿﺰ اﻷﯾﻮﻧﺎت اﻟﻨﺎﺗﺠﺔ‪ ? .‬درﺟﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارة‪.‬‬ ‫? ﺗﺮﻛﯿﺰ اﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪة‪.‬‬
‫‪ -8‬ﻣﺎ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﻞ اﻟﻤﺆﻛﺴﺪ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋﻞ ‪ 4H+ + Cu + SO42- " Cu2+ + SO2 + 2H2O :‬؟‬
‫? ‪SO42-‬‬ ‫? ‪Cu‬‬ ‫? ‪SO2‬‬ ‫‪Cu2+‬‬ ‫?‬
‫‪ -9‬ﻣﺎ اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻌﺒﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺗﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﻋﺪم ﺗﻨﺎﺳﺐ؟‬
‫? ‪MnO4- + Cl- " Mn2+ + H2O‬‬ ‫? ‪K2MnO4 " MnO2 + KMnO4‬‬
‫? ‪HI + HNO2 " NO2 + I2 + H2O‬‬ ‫? ‪NO3- + I2 " IO3- + NO2‬‬
‫‪ -10‬ﻣﺎ اﻟﻌﻤﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺤﺪث ﻟﻸﻟﻤﻨﯿﻮم ﻋﻨﺪ اﺳﺘﺨﻼﺻﺔ ﻣﻦ ‪ Al2O3‬؟‬
‫? ﻋﺪم ﺗﻨﺎﺳﺐ‬ ‫? اﺧﺘﺰال‬ ‫? أﻛﺴﺪة‬ ‫? ﺗﺄﯾﻦ‬

‫‪1‬‬
 ‫ﺛﺎﻧﯿﺎً ‪ :‬رﺗﺐ ﺗﺼﺎﻋﺪﯾﺎً ﻛﻼً ﻣﻤﺎ ﯾﻠﻲ‪-:‬‬
‫‪ –11‬اﻟﺼﯿﻎ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﯿﺔ ﺣﺴﺐ اﺳﺘﻘﺮارھﺎ وﺛﺒﺎﺗﮭﺎ ﻋﻠﻤﺎً ﺑﺄن ﺣﺮارة اﻟﺘﻜﻮﯾﻦ اﻟﻘﯿﺎﺳﯿﺔ ﺑـ )‪: ( kJ / mol‬‬
‫)‪NO2 (g‬‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫)‪CH4 (g‬‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫)‪CO2 (g‬‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫)‪O3 (g‬‬
‫‪+33.2‬‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫‪-74.3‬‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫‪-393.5‬‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫‪+192.7‬‬
‫……………‬ ‫←‬ ‫……………‬ ‫←‬ ‫…………‬ ‫←‬ ‫…………‬ ‫اﻷﻗﻞ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -12‬اﻟﻤﻮاد اﻵﺗﯿﺔ ﺣﺴﺐ أﻋﺪاد ﺗﺄﻛﺴﺪ ذرة اﻷﻛﺴﺠﯿﻦ‪.‬‬
‫‪O3‬‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫‪OF2‬‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫‪H2O‬‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫‪H2O2‬‬
‫…………… اﻷﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫………… ﺛﻢ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ‬ ‫…………‬ ‫ﺛﻢ‬ ‫اﻷﻗﻞ ‪………… :‬‬

‫‪25‬‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺆال اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ‪:‬‬

‫أ( أوﻻً ‪ :‬أﻣﺎﻣﻚ أرﺑﻌﺔ ﺑﺪاﺋﻞ ﻓﻲ ﻛﻞ ﻓﻘﺮة ‪ ،‬اﺧﺘﺮ اﻟﺒﺪﯾﻞ ﻏﯿﺮ اﻟﻤﻨﺴﺠﻢ ﻋﻠﻤﯿﺎً ﺛﻢ ﺑﺮر اﺧﺘﯿﺎرك ‪:‬‬
‫)‪2NO (g‬‬ ‫)‪+ O2 (g) → 2NO2 (g‬‬ ‫‪∆ H= -114.2 kJ -13‬‬
‫)‪2SO2 (g‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫→ )‪O2 (g‬‬ ‫)‪2 SO3 (g‬‬ ‫‪∆ H= -196 kJ‬‬
‫)‪C6H12O6 (s‬‬ ‫)‪+ 6O2 (g) → 6CO2 (g) + 6H2O (g‬‬ ‫‪∆ H= -2548 kJ‬‬
‫)‪H2 (g‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫→ )‪½O2 (g‬‬ ‫)‪H2O (g‬‬ ‫‪∆ H= -241. 8 kJ‬‬
‫اﻟﺒﺪﯾﻞ ‪................................................................:‬‬
‫اﻟﺘﺒﺮﯾﺮ‪.........................................................................................:‬‬
‫‪ -14‬إﻣﺮار ﻏﺎز ﻛﻠﻮرﯾﺪ اﻟﮭﯿﺪروﺟﯿﻦ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺤﺎﻟﯿﻞ اﻟﻤﺸﺒﻌﺔ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻣﻦ‬
‫‪CaCO3‬‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫‪NaCl‬‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫‪PbCl2‬‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫‪AgCl‬‬
‫اﻟﺒﺪﯾﻞ ‪........................................:‬‬
‫اﻟﺘﺒﺮﯾﺮ‪.........................................................................................................:‬‬
‫)‪H2(g) + Cl2(g) D 2HCl(g‬‬ ‫‪H2O(l) D H+(aq) + OH-(aq) -15‬‬
‫)‪2H2O (l) " 2H2 (g) + O2 (g‬‬ ‫)‪2HI(g) " H2 (g) + I2 (g‬‬
‫اﻟﺒﺪﯾﻞ ‪........................................................:‬‬
‫اﻟﺘﺒﺮﯾﺮ‪.........................................................................................................:‬‬

‫ﺛﺎﻧﯿﺎً ‪ :‬ﻓﺴﺮ ﻋﻠﻤﯿﺎً ﻛﻼً ﻣﻤﺎ ﯾﺄﺗﻲ‪:‬‬

‫‪ -16‬زﯾﺎدة اﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻻ ﺗﺆﺛﺮ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ اﻻﺗﺰان ﻟﻠﺘﻔﺎﻋﻞ‪S (s) + O2 (g) D SO2 (g) :‬‬
‫‪...........................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪..........................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ -17‬ﺗﺰداد ﺳﺮﻋﺔ اﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋﻞ اﻟﻜﯿﻤﯿﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﺰﯾﺎدة درﺟﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارة ‪.‬‬
‫‪...........................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪..........................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ -18‬ﻋﻨﺪ ﻣﻌﺎﯾﺮة ﺣﻤﺾ اﻷﺳﯿﺘﯿﻚ ﻣﻊ ھﯿﺪروﻛﺴﯿﺪ اﻟﺼﻮدﯾﻮم ﺗﻜﻮن ‪ pH‬ﻋﻨﺪ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ اﻟﺘﻜﺎﻓﺆ أﻛﺒﺮ ﻣﻦ ‪ ) . 7‬ﻣﻊ اﻟﺘﻮﺿﯿﺢ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ (‬
‫‪...........................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪..........................................................................................................................................‬‬

‫‪ -19‬ﻋﺪم اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻛﺎﺷﻒ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﺔ ﻣﻌﺎﯾﺮة ﻛﺒﺮﯾﺘﺎت اﻟﺤﺪﯾﺪ‪ II‬ﻣﻊ ﺑﺮﻣﻨﺠﺎﻧﺎت اﻟﺒﻮﺗﺎﺳﯿﻮم ؟‬
‫‪...........................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪..........................................................................................................................................‬‬

‫‪2‬‬
 ‫ﺛﺎﻟﺜﺎً‪ :‬إذا ﻛﺎﻧﺖ آﻟﯿﺔ اﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋﻞ اﻵﺗﻲ ‪-:‬‬
‫‪2NO + 2H2‬‬ ‫→‬ ‫‪N2 + 2H2O‬‬
‫ﺗﺘﻢ ﻓﻲ ﺧﻄﻮﺗﯿﻦ اﻷوﻟﻰ ﺑﻄﯿﺌﺔ وھﻲ ‪:‬‬
‫‪2NO + H2‬‬ ‫→‬ ‫‪N2O + H2O‬‬
‫أﺟﺐ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻔﻘﺮﺗﯿﻦ ) ‪: ( 27 - 26‬‬
‫‪ -20‬اﻛﺘﺐ اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻤﺜﻞ اﻟﺨﻄﻮة اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﺔ اﻟﺴﺮﯾﻌﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪..................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ -21‬ﻣﺎ اﻟﻤﺎدة اﻟﻮﺳﯿﻄﺔ ﻓﻲ ھﺬا اﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋﻞ ؟ ‪..........................‬‬
‫و ﻣﺎ اﻟﺮﺗﺒﺔ اﻟﻜﻠﯿﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻔﺎﻋﻞ ‪:‬‬

‫‪25‬‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺆال اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ‪:‬‬

‫أوﻻً ‪ :‬أﺟﺐ ﻋﻤﺎ ﯾﻠﻲ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -22‬زن ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﺔ اﻟﺘﺄﻛﺴﺪ‪-‬اﺧﺘﺰال اﻵﺗﯿﺔ ﺑﻄﺮﯾﻘﺔ اﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋﻼت اﻟﻨﺼﻔﯿﺔ ﻓﻲ وﺳﻂ ﺣﻤﻀﻲ‪.‬‬
‫‪MnO4- + As2O3 " Mn2+ +AsO4-‬‬
‫‪................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪................................................................................................................‬‬

‫)‪4NH3(g) + 3O2(g‬‬ ‫‪ -23‬ﺑﺎﻻﻋﺘﻤﺎد ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋﻞ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ‪6H2O(l) + 4NO(g) , ΔH = -1590 kJ :‬‬
‫• ﻣﺎ أﺛﺮ زﯾﺎدة اﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﻤﯿﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارة اﻟﻨﺎﺗﺠﺔ ؟ ‪..........................................................‬‬
‫• ﻋﻨﺪ ﺧﻔﺾ درﺟﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارة ﻣﺎذا ﺗﺘﻮﻗﻊ ﻟﻘﯿﻤﺔ )‪ (K‬؟ ﺑﺮر إﺟﺎﺑﺘﻚ ‪...........................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................‬‬
‫• ﻣﺎ أﺛﺮ زﯾﺎدة ﻛﻤﯿﺔ ‪ O2‬ﻋﻠﻰ اﻻﺗﺰان ؟ ‪.......................................................................‬‬
‫• ﻣﺎ أﺛﺮ زﯾﺎدة درﺟﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارة ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺮﻛﯿﺰ ‪ NO‬؟ ‪............................................................‬‬

‫ﺛﺎﻧﯿﺎً ‪ :‬ﻋﺒﺮ ﺑﺄﺳﻠﻮﺑﻚ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻤﻔﺎھﯿﻢ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﯿﺔ ‪:‬‬

‫‪ -24‬ﻗﺎﻧﻮن ھﺲ ‪.......................................................................................................... :‬‬
‫‪...................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ -25‬اﻻﺗﺰان اﻟﻜﯿﻤﯿﺎﺋﻲ ‪..................................................................................................... :‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ -26‬ﻋﺪد اﻟﺘﺄﻛﺴﺪ ‪.......................................................................................................... :‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................‬‬

‫‪3‬‬
 ‫)‪Pt(s‬‬
‫)‪2NO2(g) + F2(g‬‬ ‫) ‪2NO2F ( g‬‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻟﺜﺎً ‪ :‬ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋﻞ ‪:‬‬
‫أﻋﻄﺖ ﺛﻼث ﺗﺠﺎرب ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﯿﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ‬ ‫]‪[NO2‬‬ ‫]‪[F2‬‬ ‫رﻗﻢ‬
‫‪M/s‬‬ ‫‪M‬‬ ‫‪M‬‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺠﺮﺑﺔ‬
‫‪1.1× 10-2‬‬ ‫‪1× 10-5‬‬ ‫‪4×10‬‬ ‫‪-5‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪4.4× 10-2‬‬ ‫‪1× 10-5‬‬ ‫‪8× 10‬‬ ‫‪-5‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪8.8×10-2‬‬ ‫‪2× 10-5‬‬ ‫‪8× 10‬‬ ‫‪-5‬‬
‫‪3‬‬

‫وﻇﻔﮭﺎ ﻟﻺﺟﺎﺑﺔ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻔﻘﺮات )‪-: ( 32 -28‬‬

‫‪ -27‬اﻛﺘﺐ ﻗﺎﻧﻮن ﺳﺮﻋﺔ اﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋﻞ ‪.‬‬
‫‪...................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ -28‬اﺣﺴﺐ ﻗﯿﻤﺔ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ اﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ اﻟﻨﻮﻋﯿﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻔﺎﻋﻞ ‪.‬‬
‫‪...............................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪...............................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ -29‬اﺣﺴﺐ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ اﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﯾﻜﻮن ]‪( 0.5 M ) = [F2] = [NO2‬‬
‫‪.....................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ -30‬ھﻞ ﯾﺤﺪث اﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﻓﻲ ﺧﻄﻮة واﺣﺪة ؟ ‪...........‬‬
‫ﻓﺴﺮ إﺟﺎﺑﺘﻚ‪.................................................................................... .‬‬
‫‪.....................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ -31‬ﻣﺎ ﻧﻮع اﻟﺤﻔﺎز اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋﻞ اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ ؟ ‪....................‬‬

‫اﻟﺴﺆال اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ ‪:‬‬

‫‪25‬‬ ‫أوﻻً ‪ :‬أﺟﺐ ﻋﻤﺎ ﯾﻠﻲ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -32‬اﻛﺘﺴﺒﺖ ﻋﯿﻨﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺤﺪﯾﺪ ﻛﺘﻠﺘﮭﺎ ) ‪ ( 50.0 g‬ﻛﻤﯿﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺗﺴﺎوي ‪ 2.54kJ‬ﻋﻨﺪ درﺟﺔ ﺣﺮارة ‪، 23.0◦C‬‬
‫اﺣﺴﺐ درﺟﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارة اﻟﻨﮭﺎﺋﯿﺔ ﻟﻌﯿﻨﺔ اﻟﺤﺪﯾﺪ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﻠﻔﻦ ‪ ) .‬ﻋﻠﻤﺎً ﺑﺄن ‪ Cp‬ﻟﻠﺤﺪﯾﺪ ‪( 0.449 J / g . K‬‬
‫‪................................................................. ..................................................‬‬
‫‪................................................................. ..................................................‬‬

‫‪ -33‬اﻟﺮﺳﻢ اﻟﺒﯿﺎﻧﻲ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ‪ ،‬ﯾﻮﺿﺢ ﺗﻐﯿﺮ ﻃﺎﻗﺔ أﺣﺪ اﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋﻼت) ﺑـﻮﺣﺪة‪، (kJ‬ادرﺳﮫ ﺛﻢ أﺟﺐ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻔﻘﺮات اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻠﯿﮫ ‪-:‬‬
‫* ﻣﺎذا ﺗﻤﺜﻞ اﻟﺮﻣﻮز ‪ A , C , D‬؟‬
‫‪C‬‬
‫‪.................................................. A‬‬
‫‪60‬‬ ‫‪..................................................- C‬‬
‫ﻧﻮاﺗﺞ‬ ‫‪D‬‬
‫‪..................................................- D‬‬
‫* اﺣﺴﺐ ﻗﯿﻤﺔ ‪ ∆ H‬ﻟﻠﺘﻔﺎﻋﻞ ‪.‬‬
‫‪40‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬
‫اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ‪E‬‬

‫‪B‬‬ ‫‪..................................................‬‬
‫‪..................................................‬‬
‫ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻋﻼت‬
‫‪20‬‬ ‫* ھﻞ اﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋﻞ اﻟﻌﻜﺴﻲ ﻃﺎرد أم ﻣﺎص ﻟﻠﺤﺮارة ؟ ‪..............‬‬
‫* إذا أﺿﯿﻒ ﺣﻔﺎز ﻟﻠﺘﻔﺎﻋﻞ اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺳﯿﺮ اﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬
‫وﺿﺢ أﺛﺮ ذﻟﻚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﯿﻤﺔ ‪...................................... ∆ H‬‬

‫‪4‬‬
 ‫ﺛﺎﻧﯿﺎً ‪ :‬ﺣﻞ اﻟﻤﺴﺄﻟﺔ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﯿﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫? = ‪2N2 + 5O2 → 2 N2O5 , ∆Hº‬‬ ‫‪ -34‬ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋﻞ ‪:‬‬
‫ﻣﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺎً اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻻت اﻟﺘﺎﻟﯿﺔ إﺣﺴﺐ اﻟﺘﻐﯿﺮ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺤﺘﻮى اﻟﺤﺮاري‬
‫‪1. H2 +‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪O2‬‬ ‫→‬ ‫‪H2O‬‬ ‫‪, ∆Hº = -285.8 kJ‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪2. N2O5 + H2O → 2HNO3‬‬ ‫‪, ∆Hº = - 76.6 kJ‬‬
‫‪3. 1 N2 + 3 O2 + 1 H2 → HNO3 , ∆Hº = - 174.1 kJ‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪...................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪...................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪...................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪...................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪...................................................................................................................‬‬

‫‪ -35‬أﻛﻤﻞ اﻟﺠﺪول اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﺑﻮﺿﻊ إﺷﺎرة )‪ (ü‬ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻤﺜﻞ ﺣﺮارة ﺗﻜﻮﯾﻦ ‪ ،‬أو ﺣﺮارة اﺣﺘﺮاق ‪ ،‬أو ﻻ ﺗﻤﺜﻞ أﯾﺎً ﻣﻨﮭﻤﺎ‪:‬‬

‫ﺗﻤﺜﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺜﻞ‬
‫ﻻ ﺗﻤﺜﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬
‫ﺣﺮارة ﺗﻜﻮﯾﻦ ﺣﺮارة اﺣﺘﺮاق‬
‫‪CH4(ց) + 2O2(ց) → CO2(ց) + 2H2O(l) , ΔH˚= - 890.8 kJ‬‬
‫‪C(S) + O2(ց) → CO2(ց) , ΔH˚= - 393.5 kJ‬‬
‫‪2H2(g) + O2(g) → 2H2O(g) , ΔHº =-571.6 kJ‬‬
‫‪2S(s) + C(s) → CS2(ց) , ∆Hº = - 88 kJ‬‬
‫‪CO(g) + 1 O2(ց) → CO2(ց) , ΔH˚= - 283 kJ‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪2Fe(s) + 3‬‬ ‫‪O2(ց) → Fe2O3(s) , ΔH˚= -850.5 kJ‬‬
‫‪2‬‬

‫ﺛﺎﻟﺜﺎً ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -36‬ﯾﻌﺒﺮ ﻋﻦ ﻧﻈﺎم ﻣﺘﺰن ﻋﻨﺪ درﺟﺔ ﺣﺮارة ﻣﻌﯿﻨﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ ‪4HCl(g) + O2(g) D 2H2O(g) + 2Cl2(g) :‬‬
‫ﻓﺈذا ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎت اﻟﻨﻈﺎم ﻋﻨﺪ اﻻﺗﺰان ھﻲ ‪:‬‬
‫] ‪، (5.2×10-2 M ) = [ H2O ] ، ( 3.8×10-4 M ) = [ O2 ] ، (1.2×10-3 M ) = [ HCl‬‬
‫] ‪ (5.2×10-2 M ) = [ Cl2‬اﺣﺴﺐ ﻗﯿﻤﺔ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ اﻻﺗﺰان ﻟﮭﺬا اﻟﻨﻈﺎم‪.‬‬
‫‪...................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪...................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪...................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪...................................................................................................................‬‬

‫اﻧﺘﮭﺖ ﺟﻤﯿﻊ اﻷﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬

‫‪5‬‬