85 CHAPTER Xxx THE GERUND 273. Read this sentence : Reading is his favourite Pastime, The word reading is formed from the Verb read, by adding in We 10 See that it is here used as the Subject of a verb, and hence does the work of a Noun. Its, therefore, a Verb-Nowg ott is called a Gerund. Further examples of Gerund :— 1. Hunting tigers isa favourite . 2. Hike reading poetry. epee 3. Heis fond of hoarding money, In sentence 1, the Gerund, like a noun, is the subjec like a verb, it also takes an obj arly sh E thus clearly showing the force of a verb, 8 In sentence 2, the Gerund, like a like a verb, it also takes the Torce of a Verb. In sentence 3, the Gerund like a noun, is Boverned by a preposition, butolike a verb, it also takes an object. Tt will be noticed that being used as Nouns, governing another no » like a noun, is the object of a verb but, object, thus clearly showing that it has also the Infinitive and the Gerund are alike in while still retaining the power that a Verb has of un or pronoun in the objective case. Def—A Gerund is that form of the verb which ends in -ing, and has the force of a Noun and a Verb. "274, As both the Gerund and the Infinitive have the force of a Noun and a Verb, they have the same uses. Thus in many sentences cither of them may be used without any special difference in meaning ; as, Teach me to swim, Teach me swimming. To give is better than 10 receive. Giving is better than receiving. To see is to believe, ‘Seeing is believing. 275, The following sentences contain examples of Compound Gerund forms :-— Uheard of his having gained a prize. ‘We were fatigued on account of having walked so far. They were charged with having sheltered anarchists. He is desirous of being praised. ILwill be noticed that Compound Gerund forms are formed by_ Placing a Past Pariiciple after the Gerufds of ave and be. poe hs 276. The Gerund of a Transitive verb has the following forms :— Active Passive i Present : lovin Present : being loved te Perfect having loved Perfect : having been loved 271. As both the Gerund and the Present Participle end in -ing, they ust be carefully distinguished ly distinguished. / Noglh® Gerund has the force of a Noun and a verb ; it is a Verbal | ‘un, Scanned with CamScannerrce of an Adjective and a Very, has the for ine Present Pat siciple jen Verbal sive s of Gerund= ample a ot paving sto ed ato red ‘of walking. nn Ue old et from see , ed health rain ge roe noes 8 dead cobra Seeing, Ne believed, ee 378. Read this senten ie ariminate reading of novels AOU rhe iiss io ed like an ordinary N Notice that the is used before and of after it c Further examples of Gerunds used like ordinary Nouns. “The making ofthe plan isin hand “The tie ofthe singing ofthe birds has come, ‘Adam consented tothe cating of the fruit: Ada ceo if seems to be the most advantageously situate the gaining of wisdom. 279, In such Compound Nouns as fiying-pan writing table, The reaaing is Ws ‘walking-stich, hunting-whip, Tencingstich, walking, frying, hunting, fencing, writing are Gerunds. ‘They mean ‘a stick for walking,’ ‘a pan for frying,’ ‘a whip for hunting. ‘a stick for fencing,’ and ‘a table for writing.” 280, Of the following two sentences the first one is correct it Thope you will excuse my leaving early. (Correct) 2. Thope you will excuse me leaving early. (Incorrect) ‘The word leaving is a Gerund (ie., a noun), therefore it must be \ preceded by the possessive form. / Remember, therefore, to use the i } a . possessive case of nouns and Pronouns before Gerunds ; as, | 4 (_ Wersjoiced at his (00t him) being pro We heard of their See { Tino te c/n core note sam to ur ig pce Niches ayo owing | fckrens on Karin’ passing the examina cident was due (othe engine-driver's , Utmay be pointed out, however sh ver's disregarding the signals. i i ', however, that thi: is ‘ Particularly in Spoken English, is rule is not strictly observed, Use of the Gerund BL. A Gerund bei 2 “INg a vert . Subject ofa verb ag Mt MAY BY sed as — Hanngpiger v @) Objeet Fa transit “Xx an Playing, Wren love making Mud castles. MW ; NOUrte sport in thi i s coun ive verb ; a. ey: | j Scanned with CamScannerMUON CO ARI WEAK Viens “7 Tike reading pootty Ve contemplated mirrriie hie comin. GE) ObyeeL ota preposition yan, Tan fined of miuting He ts Cond of an dnmlig Ue was punisted for telling a tle We were prevented (on ar T have an aversion to fishing (4) Complement of a verb 5 as, Seoing is Aelioving, What Lmost detest is smoking, 5) Absolutely : as, Play cards being his aversion, we did aot play bridge. ereise in Grammar 55 om. \* ay . , Point out the Participles and Gerunds in the following. entences, In the case of the Participle, name the noun or pronoun which it qu slifies. In the case of the Gerund, state whether it is subject, object, complenitait, or used after a preposition, . He was found fighting desperately for his life. He has ruined his sight by reading small print, . Hearing the noise, he nan to the window, We clown standing on his head. Asking questions is easier than an: Waving their hats and handke . Walking on the g J ing them, iefs, the people cheered the king. ss is forbidden, yping over th ce, the thief escaped ‘he miser spends his time in hoarding money. . Much depends on Rama's returning before noon. . Amassing wealth oft ruins healt, I was surprised at Hari’s being absent, |. We spent the afternoon in playing cards. 14, The miser hated spending money. V5. Captain Hardy congratulated him on his having gained a complete victory. +A6. Praising all alike is p none. 17. Are you afraid of his hearing you 18 I determined to increase my salary by managing a little farm. 19. Success is not merely winning applause. 20. The year was spent in visiting our rich neighbours. 21. Singing to herself was her chief delight. 22. He preferred playing football to studying his lessons. 23. 1 thank thee, Jew, for teaching me that word. * AA. I cannot go on doing nothing. Bo Seen dee Scanned with CamScanner