Where the values other than 50% of the reaction are prescribed. H has been considered to be 50% 400KN from the beam.) Let us provide 20 mm diameter bolts of grade 4.6. For 20 mm diameter bolts: dy = 2042 = 22 mm age distance, =33.mm (rom Table 4.2) ‘Stress area, Any = 245 mm? (From Table 4.3) Mi ch, Pp =25 x20 = 50 mm =60 mm Swength of the bolt in single shear, Sua 400 gs Vig = Ap Let = 245 x % 10 =45,26 kN lay Bx 125 Swrength ofthe bolt in bearing, Vye=28 ha 2 dst otf an on 1 BS ios One g5e Grzess Ais leas of aoe ts ag 08S = 5-025 = 0.659; a 400 fab $09 = 0.975; and 1.0 Fa Hy 0975: and Hence, fy =050 Vpy = 2.5 0.50 % 20 9.0 strength of the = 45.26 kN = [OX20X IO _ 5 45 (60 x2 45.26 = 432=8B80 _Limie State Design of Stel Structures 0_Linit State Deen of Steel Structures bolt A Force on criti The dist oe 2200-125 Pe oer = 250 mm 2213 4? = 217.70 mm Eee 4x (21384 45%) + 534 45%) 4, OF + 459 + OF 455) = 346,464 mm” 200% 250%217.70_ 5 Fy= 200 280%217.70 591.417 cos O= ei = 0.206, 213 + 45° rivet, Resultant force on the cri Fa Vi2S?4 BAIT 4 2 12.5 x SAT X 0.206 = 36.12 KN < 45.26 KN 400 KN: agasesssss SESS 90 mm pais) 250mm {@) Front viow (@) Plan Fg, & 2Eccentric and Moment Connections 661 _——— een ed oi Conti 681 of stecl:f,= 410 MPa f grade 4.6: fy = 400 MPa Partial safety (From Table 4.3) P=2.5 x24 =60 mm =65 mm. =39mm=40 mm le shear, (From Table 4.2) 400 = = 353 x % 107 = 65.22 kN Bx 125 ‘Strength of bolt in tension Tyy = Ty/ fuss Tap= 0.9 fy Any = 0.9 x 400 > 353 x 10° = 127.08 KN 1 tag 250x 125 4501 171254018 Hence, Tyy = 127.08/1.25 = 101.66 kN ‘The bolts will be provided in two vertical rows, one on each side of the web of the fe section, connecting the flanges of the two sections. Number of bolts required in one row, n = OL Hence provide 7 bolts in each row at 0 mm, Refer to Fig. Ex. 13.3 (b) ‘otal depth of the bracket plate = 6 x 65 +2 x 40 = 470 mm. h=470~40 = 430 mm The neutral axis is assumed to lie at h/7 from the bottom of the bracket, ie. at 8077 = 61.42 mm. ‘n of 65 mm and edge distance of Eyj= 2x [(65 + 40 — 61.42) + (130 + 40 ~ 61.42) + (195 + 40 (260 + 40 ~ 61.42) + (325 + 40 ~ 61.42) + (390-440 61.4 = 2472.96 mm Byj= 2x [43.58 + 108.58? + 173.58? + 238.587 + 303.587 + 368.587) = 657,502.6 mm? fe MSHI MS 93, |g DARD, DATE. ~ 58-49% 10" RN Te} 21 *657,502.6 Tesile force inthe critical 42) + It,<10 ould be, he joint i safe bya big margin the bolt diameter or dhe numberof ols pA mie 7,300 mm, =m fig 3 ion of 385 Design a bots! Example 4 An ISLB 300 @ 369.8 N/m transmits an end re of ISMB 450 @ 710.2 Nim. de Fe 410 and bolts are of grade 46. ‘or Fe 410 grade of steel: f,= 410 MPa, f, = 250 MPa 400 MPa ety factor for material of bolt, Yop = 1-25 0 ins from Appendix XV are: ISMB 450Eccentric and Moment Connections 653 Thickness of flange, t 9.4mm 174mm Thickness of web, 1, 6.7mm 9.4mm 90 mm 90 mm Gauge, g Refer to Fig. Ex. 13.4, Connection of web of ISLB 300 with framing angle leg Let us provide 24 mm diameter bolts, The bolts will be in double shear. Assuming the aggregate thickness of the angle legs to be more than the thickness of web, the bolts will bear on the web of ISLB 300. For 24 mm diameter bolt Stress area, Ajy = 353 mm? Minimum pitch, 5 x 24 = 60 mm = 65 mm Edge distance, €=39 mi Diameter of bolt hole, 4 +2 Strength of bolt in double shear, (From Table 4.3) (From Table 4.2) (From Table 4.2) Siu . 400 3 Veg= 2% Any = 2 x 353 x A) _ x 107 = 130.43 KN re "SB tan WB x 1.25 Strength of bolt in bearing, Vp = 2.5 kydt # (fis least of f, and f,y) 65, 18 a 9 = 35076 7 0.25 = 0.58; ys least of =< a — = 710 70.97 and 1.0. 513 5 x 0.513 246.7 x 300 x 10° = 65.99 kN Hence, Hence, strength of the bolt = = 65.99 kN 5.83 =6 Number of bolts for making the connection, n = Two framing angles, one on each side of the web will be provided. Provide the bolts in two vertical rows. Minimum size of angle leg = 2 x 40 + 65 = 145 mm = 150 mm. Connection of web of ISMB 450 with framing angle leg Letus provide 24 mm diameter bolts, The bolts will be in single shear, Assuming the thickness of angle leg to be more than the thickness of web of ISMB 450, the bolts will bear on web of ISMB 450. Strength of bolt in single shear, Vege Ay, th = 353 x — 400 5 10° = 65.22 kN Tn VE «128 Strength of bolt in bearing Vyy= 2. kyr 22.5 x0. 513 x 24 x 6.7 x 0 ea 0. 5. 10° = 65.99 kNa Re Er | (04 pinie Stace Dean of Hed Coucures le Heneo, strengiti of the bolt © 4,22 “at Number of bolts for making the conection, 7 = AD = SSIES Provide 3 bolts each on the legs of the two framing angles as shown in Fig, Bx. 13.4, Minimum size of angle leg = 2x 40 = 80 mm = 115 mm Minimum depth of framing angle leg, h=2x40+2% 65 =210 mm. ‘The thickness of the angle sec. ——_7_ tion can be determined by equating the shear force (end reaction) to the mane shear capacity of the angle leg. Ve V= h(t.) (since there wetwo ams) 3 tno 250 385 x 10° = x210x(@x4) V3 x 1.10 => 1, = 6.98 mm = 10 mm Hence, provide 2 framing angles 150 x LIS x 10 = Example 135 Design a seat connection for @ Ramone beam end venti a 110. kN, The beam section is ISMB @ NSLO Nie cummected ap the Timer of column section SHB 200@ 365.9 Neve wsikg debe’ commesines, See S of grade Fe 410 and bolts are of gnide 46. Solution Vor Ve A10 grade of stocks f= ALO MPRA, STO MAS For bolts of grade 4,0: fi, 400 MX Partial safety rector for material of bats Yo= LIS Partial safety Rotor for materials Yoye LAO ‘Tho relevant propertios of the sections to Ke COMET HOA AQHA VY Bs Property: ASB 280 WHER Width of Tange, by ADS wr Wea ‘Phieknoens of Hinges ty AS wn AM wr “Hhotknons at wel fy Ow RL CHAO SEY Sewer Henin at the raat, ay Adan Heaton 0 Ha Ha TS, SV Yve:Wonggte av a atti AW UANNY OE RANI HAE > LAS MND QD = LANL WON 0 or Heed HL Hen patty aE UN ROAML Hoga, Oe { i Ny AW \ Ree .Linnie State Desian of Steel Structures Hence, strength of the bolt = 65,22 kN. Number of bolts for making the connection, n= ZS = 5.99 « 6 Provide 3 bolts each on the legs of the Qwo framing angles as shown in Fig. Ex, 134, 198 agg Minimum size of angle leg =2x40=80mm= 115 mm Minimum depth of framing angle leg, h=2x40+4+2x65=210 mm. ‘The thickness of the angle sec- tion can be determined by equating the shear force (end reaction) to the Fig. Ex. 124 shear capacity of the angle leg. h(21,) (since there are two angles NB Yo a 250 385 x 10° : N3 x 1.10 f= 6.98 mm= 10mm Hence, provide 2 framing angles 150 x 115 x 10 mm in size. Example 135 Design a seat connection for a factored beam end reaction 110 KN. The beam section is ISMB 250 @ 365.9 N/m connected to the fa ef column section SHB 200@ 365.9 Nim using bolted connections, See grade Fe 410 and bolts are of grade 4.6, X 210 x (2x t,) => Solution For Fe 410 grade of steel: f, = 410 MPa, f,,, = 250 MPa For bolts of grade 4, w= 400 MPa Partial safety factor for material of bolt: yy, = 1.25 Partial safety factor for material: 7, mo = 1.10 The relevant properties of the sections to be connected from Appendix XV Property ISMB 250 ISHB 200 Width of flange, by 125 mm 200 mm Thickness of flange, ty 12.5 mm 9.00 mm Theikness of web, 1, 6.9mm 6.1 mm Gauge, g 65mm 55mm. Radius at the roof, R, 13 mm Refer to Fig. Ex. 13.5. The length of seat angle, B = width of beam flange = 125 mm, (b;= e110 4 Bearing length of the seat leg, b = & Yoo _ 110 x 10°, 1.10 _ 79,1 fa 6S. 250Eccentric and Moment Connections 665 Let us provide an angle section with leg length of 75 mm. Provide a clearance of 3 mm between the beam and the column flange. Required length of outstanding leg = 70.14 + 3 = 73.14 mm <75mm which is all right Length of bearing on seat, b, = b ~ (t+ R,) b, = 70.14 — (12.5 + 13) = 44.64 mm The reaction of 110 kN may be assumed to be distributed uniformly over the pearing length of 44.64 mm. Let us try a seat angle 150 x 75 x 12 mm. Radius at the root of the seat angle, R,, = 10 mm The distance of end of bearing on seat to root of angle, by = by +0 ~ (1g + R,) = 44.64 + 3 — (12 + 10) = 25.64 mm Moment at the critical section, 25.64 ,, 25.64 _ 309,98 kNmm M= Rx 2x22 110 = Rx2x 2a 25.64 52 re Moment capacity of the angle leg, th 125 x 12°, 250 3 . 2a 2 x 1x 29 x 107 = 818. My= 122,22 12 xe Fa * 10° = 818.18 kNmm fn > 809.98 kNmm which is as it should be. Hence, provide a seat angle 150 x 75 x 12 mm. Shear capacity of the outstanding leg (seating leg), S; 250__ _ 196.82 kN = Bi =125x 12x Va FOE ta Vx 1.10 > 110kN which is all right. Connection of seat angle leg v Let us provide 20 mm diameter 4.6 grade bolts. and bearing. A,,,= 245 mm? (From Table 4.3) Strength of the bolt in single shear, with the column flange The bolts will be in single shear Sub 400 3 ys ub 245 x x 10° = 45.26 KN Yam Ano iy, MB x 1.25 HO 2243=4 N maitas lumber of bolts required, "= 75°56 Provide 20 mm diameter bolts of grade 4.6, 4 in numbe! mm. Provide 20 mm diameter bolts of grade 4.6, 2 in numbe beam flange. 1s in two rows ata pitch of rs to connect seat leg with666 Limit State Design of Steel Structures ISA 100 x 75 x8 mm 2 ISHB 200 1St8 250 [curiae ISA 150 x75 x 12 mm. <— 20 mm diameter bolts Fig. Ex. 135 Provide a nominal cleat angle ISA 100 x 75 x 8 mm over the top of the beam flange. Connect the legs of this angle with the flanges of beam and column with two 20 mm diameter bolts each. Example 13.6 Design a stiffened seat connection for an ISMB 350.@ 514 Nim transmitting an end reaction of 320 kN (due to factored loads) to a column seétion ISHB 300 @ 576.8 N/m. The steel is of grade Fe 410 and bolts of grade 4.6. Solution For Fe 410 grade of steel: f, = 410 MPa, f,,, = 250 MPa For bolts of grade 4.6: f,, = 400 MPa Partial safety factor for material of bolt: Yiy,= 1.25 Partial safety factor for material: ¥,,9= 1.10 [250 _ ,250 _ f, 250 ee The relevant properties of the sections to be connected from Appendix XV are: | Property ISMB 350 ISHB 300 i Width of flange, by 140 mm 250mm Thickness of flange, ty 14.2'mm 10.6mm Thickness of web, ty 8.1mm 7.6mm Gauge, g 80mm Radius at the root, R, 14am The length of seat angle, B = width of beam flange = 140 mm, (b, = 140 mm) Bearing length of seat leg, b= x 40 — 320 10°, 1.10 _ 173.89 mm 8.1 250 Provide a clearance c of 5 mm between the beam and the column flange. Sow agEccentric and Moment Connections 667 Required length of outstanding leg = 173.82. +5 = 178.82 mm = 200 mm Let us provide seat angle 200 x 150 x 10 mm with seating leg of 200 mm con- nected to the flange of beam with 2,24 mm diameter bolts of grade 4.6. Radius at root of angle, R, = 13.5 mm (From IS Handbook No.1) srffener angles Bearing area required by stiffener angles, As na 320x 10 x feh = 1408 mm? Let us provide two angles ISA 90 x 60 x 8 mm ? Area provided by the stiffening legs of the angles = 2 x (90 x 8) = 1440 mm?’ Length of outstanding leg = 90 - 8 = 82 mm a Thickness of the angle, ¢, = 8 mm should be more-than#/‘i.c. (8.1 mm). Since the thickness is almost same and stiffener angle section may be used. Length of outstand of stiffener + 14 1,€, Le., 14x 8 x 1 = 112 mm (e=1) which is as it should be. Distance of end reaction from column flange, Stiffener angles provide some rigidity to the seat angle and the reaction is assumed toact at the middle of the seat leg. Thus the eccentricity is increased. Design of connections Let us provide 24 mm diameter bolts of grade 4.6, at a pitch of 60 mm. The bolts connecting the legs of stiffener angles with column flange will be in single shear and bearing. For 24 mm diameter bolt, A,,, =353 mm? (From Table 4.3) Minimum pitch, p=2.5x24=60mm Edge distance, e =39mm=40 mm (From Table 4.2) Diameter of bolt hole, dy = 24 + 2=26 mm (From Table 4.2) Strength of the bolt in single shear, Sub = 353 ¢ 400 __ 193 65,29 kN VB Yn NB x 1.25 Strength of the bolt in bearing, Vip= 2.5 hard (fyis least of f, and f,,) V, b= Any , e.__ 40 P 60 . =< 0.513; 2 - 0.25 = 0.25 = 0.519; Wyisleastof = 380520513: 39-025 = 580-025 =05 Sus _ 400 fut = 409 _ 9.975; and 1.0 f 410 Bn Hence, k,= 0.513 . 400 = 2.5 x 0.513 x 24 x 8 x75 x 10% = 78.8 kNG68 Limit State Design of Steel Structures _ strength of the bolt = 65.22 KN. There will be two vertical rows of bolts connecting legs of the two. Stiffeney ‘i with the column flange, Number of bolts in one row, 6M 6 x 320 x 10° x 100 naan a 49525, pn’ Via V0 x 2 x 65.22 x 10° ‘The depth of stiffener angle = 4 x 60 + 2 x 40 = 320 mm h = 320-40 = 280 mm h/7 = 280/7 = 40 mm. Refer to Fig. Ex. 13.6. The critical bolt will be A. Zyj= 2x [0+ 60+ 120 + 180+ 240) = 1200 mm Males By? = 2x [0+ 60° + 120 + 180? + 240°] = 216,000 mm? Moment shared by the critical bolt, | 320 x 100 5 — Se = 27.87 2% 280, 1200 ac dO) eeu, 21” 216,000 Tensile force in the critical bolt, M'Yn _ 27.87 x 10° x 280 T= e Ly? 216,000 Shear force in the critical bolt, Y= ue number of bolts Vp (=) sy +( 4] <1 (7) Ta Strength of bolt in tension, Ty, = Tyi/ Yas» Check 40 J mm A A 60 | mm . 9 —ISA 200 x 150 x 10mm 4 (seat angle) iS ° 60 | mm Bmm 2 ° BI 2, ISA 90 x 60x —mm 60 | mm JL 8 HE etttener ang) 60 os Flange of ISHB 300 Fig. Ex. 13.6Typ = 0.9 fy, Any = 0.9 400 x 353 x 10° = 127.08 kN Yn 1.25 3 4 Lo Fo Aen= 25 & T= x 52 x 107 = 128.40 KN 1.10 Hence, Ty = 127.08 KN and Ty = 127.08/1.25 = 101.66 kN 32.) (36.12 2 (aaa) (ores) ee <1.0 which is as should be. Example 13.7 A bracket Plate is used to transfer the reaction of a beam to a column flange as shown in Fig. Ex. 13.7 The bracket plate is connected to the column flange by a 6 mm fillet weld. Compute the maximum load that can be placed over the bracket plates at a distance of 75 mm from the flange of the column section. ISHB 300 @ 576.8 Nim peas Fig. Ex. 137 Solution Let P; be the factored load which the joint can transfer through one flange. The total load transferred by the bracket connection will be 2 P,. Size of weld = 6 mm Effective throat thickness, 1,=0.7x6=4.2 mm Let ¥ = the distance of the centroid of the weld group from the left edge of the bracket plate. fe (2X 200 x4.2) x 100 + (2004.2) x0 _ 6 a 2x 200x4.2+200x4.2 0g Ramm Polar moment of inertia of weld group 4.2 x 200° |, “lenin age et ? = 1960.2 x 10¢mm*