Class Materials Involved

Extinguishing Media
Fire involving wood, paper, fabrics or
9 litre water extinguisher
A similar, combustible materials requiringcooling or quenching
Fire involving flammable liquids
9 litre foam extinguisher, CO2 (size according to
B liquefiable solids (petrol, oils, greases,risk) dry powder
extinguisher (size according to
fat, etc)risk)
Fire involving gases or liquefied gases in Water spray to cool
cylinder, foam to
C the form of a jet or spray (methane,extinguish any fire when
valve has beenbutane, propane, etc, in cylinders)closed
Dry powder extinguisher (size according to risk)
D Metalsdry sand (quantity according to risk)
Electrical appliance fires (TV sets,
Power supply must be isolated and use
E electric blankets etc)extinguishing media that does not conduct
electricity such as CO2 or dry powder
Portable Fire Fighting Equipment

FIRE BLANKETS
Fire blankets are classified in British Standard 7944 and are
described as follows:
a) Light Duty - These are suitable for dealing with small fires in
containers of cooking
fat or oils and fires in clothing.
b) Heavy Duty - These are for industrial use where there is a need
for the blanket to
resist penetration by molten materials.

A fire hydrant is a pipe that allows water to flow from a water

mainwith the control of a valve in order to put out a fire.

Before the invention of the fire hydrant, firefighters used the

bucket brigade or hand pumping systems, of getting water to put
out fires
A firefighter connects a fire hose to the fire hydrant and releases a
valve to get water from the water main. The different valves on
a firehydrant allow it to be attached to different water sources that
may be either pressurized or not pressurized. Most fire hydrants
are designed to allow not less that 250 gallons (950 liters) of water
to flow through the hydrant per minute.
Wooden outer encasements were used before the more familiarcast
iron fire hydrant cover commonly seen today.

Dry barrel and wet barrel are the two kinds of fire hydrants. The
wet barrel fire hydrant holds a constant water supply, while the dry
barrel fire hydrant needs to have a valve release to let water in. The
main benefit of a dry barrel fire hydrant is that its design avoids a
frozen water supply in very cold climates. Some wet
barrelled fire hydrants may be made of bronze rather than iron, or
they may have an inside finish that avoids rusting.
The barrel of a fire hydrant may also be known as a "standpipe."
Some fire hydrants are rounded in style, while others have more
angular lines. The outlets on a fire hydrant are usually made of
bronze, but the caps may be made from other types of metal

Cooking gas distribution

. Gas supply network must be designed to ensure easy and

effective maintenance of different parts and complete safety upon
any leakage,"

"Special well-ventilated cabinets, made of un-inflammable

substances, must be provided for gas cylinders.

"They should be away from direct sunlight and sources of ignition.

Gas cylinders must be stored in specific cabinets in a vertical
position all the time. No other items or substances may be stored in
gas cylinder cabinets," 

It is also necessary that a valid extinguisher be mounted at gas

storage locations in an easily accessible place.
"Periodic maintenance programme of all parts and connections of
gas lines must be developed and documented in special records,"

Maintain an effective firebreak by removing and clearing away

flammable vegetation and combustible growth from areas within
30 feet of buildings or structures. An additional firebreak up to 150
ft. may be required.
Keep flammable objects, including pot holders, dish towels and
curtains, at least three feet away from the stove.
 Wood and coal stoves, fireplaces, chimneys, and all other solid-
fueled heating equipment needs to be inspected annually by a
prIf there is a microwave fire, keep the door closed and unplug
the microwave. Make sure to have the microwave oven serviced
before you use it again.
 If there is an oven fire, keep the door closed and turn off the
heat. If the fire doesn't go out immediately, call the fire
department.

A grease fire occurs when oil or greasy foods are heated and

ignite. The simplest way to fight a grease fire is to carefully slide a
lid over the pan. Turn off the burner, don't move the pan, and keep
the lid on until the pan cools completely. Baking Soda may also be
used to suffocate the fire. NEVER PUT WATER ON A GREASE
FIRE. Water causes the grease to splatter and the fire to spread.
Also, NEVER attempt to take a grease fire outdoors. It will be too
hot to carry and you will drop it, causing a major house fire.
Be sure any gas-fueled heating device is installed with proper
attention to ventilation, and never put unvented gas space heaters
in bedrooms or bathrooms
 Space heaters should be kept at least three feet away from
anything that can burn.
If outlets or switches feel warm, shut off the circuit and have them
checked by an electrician.
Never overload a socket. The use of "octopus" outlets or "power
bar", outlet extensions that accommodate several plugs, is strongly
discouraged. Try to limit one high-wattage appliance into each
individual outlet at a time
If a circuit breaker trips or a fuse blows frequently, cut down on
the number of appliances on that line. In many older homes, the
capacity of the wiring system has not kept pace with today's
modern appliances and can overload electrical systems. Some
overload signals include: dimming lights when an appliance goes
on, fuses blowing frequently or shrinking TV picture.
Try to avoid extension cords. If you feel an extension cord is
necessary, make sure that it is not frayed or worn. Do not run it
under carpet or around doorways.

GAS SUPPRESSION SYSTEM NAV S !25 SYSTEM CO 2

SYSTEM Archer offers two types of gas agents for different type
of fire risks All gas systems involve basic components: gas
cylinders, cylinder valves and actuators, discharge piping and
nozzles. The number of cylinders and amount of gas depends on
the type of gas agent and size of the risk being protected. Each gas
agent has a different discharge rate for effective fire extinguishing
as well as to minimize damage from room overpressure or toxic
by-products. This discharge rate is controlled by the number and

size of nozzles as well as the size of pipe network. Archer will

carefully calculate all these factors to ensure proper fire protection
of each risk. Archer has the experience to design and supply gas
fire fighting systems for all types of applications, including turbine
generators, computer server rooms, ship engine rooms and archive
storage.

Piped gas

Flaws in piped cooking gas system?

This refers to the photograph published along with the article on

piped cooking gas supply to kitchen (July 17). The picture shows
some basic flaws/weakness in design, which may cause fire
accidents:

  The gas pipe does not have any local isolation valve at the
point where the rubber tube joins it. Also, the isolation valve is
located above the window and the stove, beyond easy reach.
  The rubber tube runs from the top to the stove and will get
softened due to heat. The metering device is also located above the
stove where it may get damaged due to heat and oily vapour.
  The window of the kitchen is provided just at the back of t

An isolation valve in the form of a gas tap is provided just before

the tube. This valve is operated whenever the cook-top has to be
operated (this was not clearly visible in the photograph). The valve
that you have mentioned is the master cut-off valve for the kitchen.

In between these two, there is also an additional safety device that

shuts of the flow of gas in case there is an uninterrupted flow of
LPG vapour.
Bulk Gas Systems:
Where sufficient demand exists, central bulk gas systems
(including cryogenic tanks and vaporizers) shall be provided in
lieu of numerous compressed gas cylinders.  Typically, this applies
to gasses such as carbon dioxide and nitrogen, but may vary for
each project. Bulk systems shall be located in a secured area and in
full compliance with NFPA standards.  The specific location of
bulk tanks shall be subject to NIH approval.  For cases where a set
contract is in place, the NIH project officer can advise as to the gas
purveyor is to be utilized for provision and service of the bulk
cryogenic tank farm, as well as how systems are to be specified for
purchase or (less common) rental.  Duplex vaporizers, refrigeration
units, etc. should generally be provided as necessary to ensure
continuous service. Stand-off warning signage shall be provided
for bulk tanks with regards to safety valve/rupture disc discharge. 
Cryogenic piping systems shall be vacuum jacketed.

Bottled Gas Supplies

Particular care is needed with cylinders of Liquified Petroleum Gas
(LPG) which may be sued for mobile heating or in workshops.
Never be tempted to keep these cylinders in ordinary storerooms.
Bottled gas should be stored outside in well ventilated conditions,
out of sight and substantially secured against vandal