Course Faculty

Dr. Kalidas Shinde

Rajiv Gandhi Centre of Contemporary Studies,

MSW Departments
University of Mumbai
 UNIT- 1
Current Situation of Rural and Urban
Poor:

❑ The agrarian crisis and rural-urban

migration

❑Issues of food security, health and

emplyoment affecting the poor,
The agrarian crisis
 Changes agricultural land cultivation

 Treaditional ways of cultivation and production

 Impact of climate change

 Changes in family System

 Size of Population

 Lack of labour

 Lack technology and knowledge

 Environmental issues and changes

 Lack of Proper Market place

 Water issues

 Lack of transportation facilities for vegetable

 Lack of proper rates to agricultural goods

 In generation lack of interest in farming

 Middlemen issues
Rural- Urban Migration
 Concept

 Defination
Forms of Migration

 Rural-Urban migration refers to migration from

one place to another within a country, while
external migration

In India, the migrants are classified into four

streams, namely,
 a) rural to rural,

 b) rural to urban,

 c) urban to urban, and

 d) Urban to rural.
 Causes of rural-urban migration

 Agrarain Crisis

 Urbanization: An increase in the demand for labour in urban

areas and better wages increase migration.

The pull factors

better job facilities, good salary, more income, medical and
educational facilities are attracting the rural people to move to
the cities.

The push factors

no job facilities, low salary, less income, drought, less medical and
education compel people towards cities.

 Marriage
 Employment
 Education
 Lack of security
 Environmental and disaster induced factors
Challenges faced by poor migrants:
▪Documentation and Identity

▪Housing

▪Limited Access to Formal Financial Services

▪Political Exclusion

▪Rampant Exploitation
Thank You