‫اﻷﻓﻌﺎل اﻟﻨﺎﻗﺼﺔ‬

‫اﻷﻓﻌﺎل اﻟﻨﺎﻗﺼﺔ‬
❖ These are a set of ‫ أﻓﻌﺎل‬that are incomplete in
meaning. Some of those are -
● ُ‫ َﯾﻛ ُْون‬-- َ‫ ﻛَﺎن‬--- was/will be .. (Most common)
● ‫ ﯾُﺻْ ِﺑ ُﺢ‬-- َ‫ أَﺻْ ﺑَﺢ‬--- To become ..
● َ‫ َﻟﯾْس‬--- Is not .. (Translated as present but No Mudari)
● ‫ ﯾَظَ ﱡل‬-- ‫ ظَ ﱠل‬--- To remain ..
● ‫ ﻣَﺎدَ ا َم‬--- As long as ..(No Mudari)
❖ Sentence starts with ‫ ﻓﻌل ﻧﺎﻗص‬will always be a J.I.
‫اﻷﻓﻌﺎل اﻟﻨﺎﻗﺼﺔ ‪Conjugating‬‬
‫اﻷﻓﻌﺎل اﻟﻨﺎﻗﺼﺔ ‪Conjugating‬‬
‫اﻷﻓﻌﺎل اﻟﻨﺎﻗﺼﺔ ‪Conjugating‬‬
 Sentence Structure of ‫اﻷﻓﻌﺎل اﻟﻨﺎﻗﺼﺔ‬
❖ ‫ ﻛَﺎنَ َوأَﺧَ َوا ُﺗﮭَﺎ‬Always considered Jumlah Ismiya
❖ Instead of looking for inside/outside doers, we
look for inside/outside ‫‘اﺳم‬s
❖ ‫ ﻛَﺎنَ َوأَﺧَ َوا ُﺗﮭَﺎ‬and its ‫ اﺳم‬together (inside or outside)
make up the ‫ﻣﺑﺗدأ‬
❖ ‫ ﺧرب‬of ‫ ﻛَﺎنَ َوأَﺧَ َوا ُﺗﮭَﺎ‬will always be in the ‫ ﻧﺻب‬status
❖ The ‫ ﻣﺗﻌﻠق ﺑﺎﻟﺧﺑر‬doesn’t change
❖ To make it future Just put َ‫ س‬or َ‫ ﺳَ ْوف‬At beginning
 ‫‪Practice‬‬
‫❖‬ ‫َوﷲُ ﻋَ ﻠِﯾ ٌم ﺣَ ِﻛ ْﯾ ٌم‬ ‫❖‬ ‫أَﻧَﺎ ﺳَ ِﻌ ْﯾ ٌد‬
‫❖‬ ‫أَ ْﻧ ُﺗ ْم ﺧَ ْﯾ ُر أ ُ ﱠﻣ ٍﺔ‬ ‫❖‬ ‫ھ َُو ﻣِنَ اﻟﺻﱠﺎﻟِ ِﺣﯾْنَ‬
‫❖‬ ‫َو ھ َُو ﻣِنَ ا ْﻟﻛَﺎﻓِرِ ﯾْنَ‬ ‫❖‬ ‫ھِﻲَ ﺻَ ِد ْﯾ َﻘ ٌﺔ‬
‫❖‬ ‫أَ ْﻧ ُﺗ ْم أَﻣْ َواتٌ‬ ‫❖‬ ‫ﻓَﺎطِ َﻣ ُﺔ طَ ﺎﻟِ َﺑ ٌﺔ‬
‫❖‬ ‫ُھ ْم أَ ْﻧﻔُ ُﺳ ُﮭ ْم ﯾَظْ ﻠِﻣ ُْونَ‬ ‫❖‬ ‫أَ ْﻧﺗُنﱠ ﻣُﺳْ ﻠِﻣَﺎتٌ‬
 Conjugating َ‫ﻟَﯿْﺲ‬
❖ ‫ ﻟﯾس‬is conjugate as Madi But Translated as Mudari
Conjugating ‫ظَ ﱠﻞ‬
Conjugating ‫ظَ ﱠﻞ‬
 ‫‪Practice‬‬
‫❖‬ ‫َو ﻛَﺎنَ َوﻋْ ُد رَ ﺑﱢﻲ ﺣَ ّﻘًﺎ‬ ‫❖‬ ‫ُﻛ ْﻧ ُﺗ ْم أَﻋْ دَ ا ًء‬
‫❖‬ ‫ﺷ ُﮫ ﻋَ ﻠَﻰ اﻟﻣَﺎ ِء‬ ‫َوﻛَﺎنَ ﻋَ رْ ُ‬ ‫❖‬ ‫َو ﻛَﺎنَ َﻟ ُﮫ َﺛ َﻣ ٌر‬
‫❖‬ ‫َو ﻛَﺎنَ ﷲُ َواﺳِ ﻌًﺎ ﺣَ ﻛِﯾﻣًﺎ‬ ‫❖‬ ‫َﻓ َﻠﯾْسَ ﻋَ َﻠ ْﯾ ُﻛ ْم ُﺟﻧَﺎ ٌح‬
‫❖‬ ‫ﻗَدْ ُﻛﻧْتَ ِﻓ ْﯾﻧَﺎ ﻣَرْ ﺟ ًُّوا‬ ‫❖‬ ‫ﻟَﺳْ تُ ﻣ ُْؤ ِﻣﻧًﺎ‬
‫❖‬ ‫❖ َﻓﺗُﺻْ ِﺑ ُﺢ اﻷَرْ ضُ ﻣُﺧْ ﺿَ رﱠ ًة‬ ‫ظَ ﻠﱡوا ﻋَ ﺎ ِﻛ ِﻔﯾْنَ‬
‫❖‬ ‫أ َْو ﯾُﺻْ ﺑِﺢَ ﻣَﺎؤُ ھَﺎ ﻏَ ْورً ا‬ ‫❖‬ ‫ظَ ﱠل َوﺟْ ُﮭ ُﮫ ﻣُﺳْ َو ّدًا‬
 Complex Sentence Structure
❖ In Normal J.I. a ‫ ﺧﺑر‬can be a full sentence (J.I/J.F)
❖ But with ‫ﻛﺎن‬, the ‫ ﺧﺑر‬can only be a J.F.
❖ If ‫ ﻛﺎن‬Comes with ‫ ﻣﺿﺎرع‬it can mean 2 things -
■ 1. “was/were -doing” as in “I was cooking.”
➢ ُ‫إِ ﱠﻧﻣَﺎ ُﻛﻧﱠﺎ َﻧﺧ ُْوضُ َو َﻧﻠْﻌَ ب‬
■ 2. “used to x” as in “I used to cook”.
➢ ‫ﻛَﺎﻧَﺎ َﯾﺄْﻛ َُﻼ ِن اﻟطﱠﻌَ ﺎ َم‬
 Complex Sentence Structure
❖ If ‫ ﻛﺎن‬Comes with ‫ ﻣﺎض‬it mean -
■ The event occurred long ago.
➢ ‫إِنْ ُﻛﻧْتُ ﻗُ ْﻠ ُﺗ ُﮫ َﻓﻘَدْ ﻋَ ﻠِﻣْ َﺗ ُﮫ‬
❖ ِ ‫ ﻣ‬+ ُ‫ = َﯾﻛُون‬Suspect in the past
‫َﺎض‬
❖ Also ‫ ﻣﺿﺎرع‬+ ‫ أﺻﺑﺢ‬----- Started to do
❖ ‫ ﻣﺿﺎرع‬+ ‫ ظل‬----- Kept doing
❖ ‫ ﻣﺿﺎرع‬+ ‫ ﻟﯾس‬----- Does not do
 Negation ‫اﻷﻓﻌﺎل اﻟﻨﺎﻗﺼﺔ‬
❖ To negate in the past
● ‫ ﻣﺎ‬+ ‫ ﻛﺎن‬or
● ‫ َﻟ ْم‬+ ْ‫َﯾﻛُن‬
❖ To negate in the present
● ‫ َﻻ‬+ ُ‫َﯾﻛ ُْون‬
● ‫ ﻣَﺎ‬+ ُ‫َﯾﻛ ُْون‬
❖ To negate in the future
● ْ‫ ﻟَن‬+ َ‫َﯾﻛ ُْون‬
 Special Negation with َ‫ ﻛَﺎن‬Only
1. ___ ْ‫ﻣَﺎ ﻛَﺎنَ لِ ___أَن‬
i. “It is not appropriate for X to do Y”.
‫ﻣَﺎ ﻛَﺎنَ َﻟ ُﮭ ْم أَنْ ﯾَدْ ُﺧﻠ ُْوھَﺎ‬
ii. E.g.

2. ___ ِ‫ﻣَﺎ ﻛَﺎنَ ___ل‬

i. “X would not be one to Y”.
ii. E.g. ‫ﻣَﺎ ﻛَﺎنَ ﷲُ ﻟِﯾُﻌَ ﱠذ َﺑ ُﮭ ْم َو أَﻧْتَ ِﻓ ْﯾ ِﮭ ْم‬
‫اﺳْ م َﺗﻔْﺿِ ﯾْل‬
 ‫اﺳْﻢ ﺗَﻔْﻀِ ﯿﻞ‬
❖ Comparatives are called ‫اﺳم ﺗﻔﺿﯾل‬
❖ Always follow the pattern ‫أﻓْﻌَ ُل‬
❖ ْ‫ ﻣِن‬is used to construct phrase like “more then”
or “Bigger then”
● ‫أﻛْ َﺑ ُر ِﻣﻧﱢﻲ‬
● ‫ﷲ أَﺣْ ﺳَ نُ ِﻣ ْﻧ ُﮭ ْم‬ِ ‫ﻋَ ْﺑ ُد‬
● ‫أَﻧَﺎ ﺧَ ْﯾ ٌر ِﻣ ْﻧ ُﮫ‬
 ‫اﺳْﻢ ﺗَﻔْﻀِ ﯿﻞ‬

‫ﺟﻣﻊ ُﻣ َﻛﺳﱠر‬ ‫ﺟﻣﻊ ﺳَ ﺎﻟِم‬ ‫ُﻣ َﺛﻧﱠﻰ‬ ‫َواﺣِد‬

‫أﻓَﺎﻋِ ُل‬ ‫أﻓْﻌَ ﻠُونَ‬ ‫أﻓْﻌَ َﻼ ِن‬ ‫أﻓْﻌَ ُل‬ ‫ﻣُذَ ﻛﱠر‬

‫ﻓُﻌَ ٌل‬ ‫ﻓُﻌْ َﻠﯾَﺎتٌ‬ ‫ﻓُﻌْ َﻠﯾَﺎ ِن‬ ‫ﻓُﻌْ ﻠٰ ﻰ‬ ‫ﻣ َُؤﻧّث‬

 ‫اﺳْﻢ ﺗَﻔْﻀِ ﯿﻞ‬
❖ We can make them superlative by adding ‫ال‬
● ‫أﻛْ َﺑ ُر ← اﻷﻛْ َﺑ ُر‬
● ‫أﺻْ ﻐَ ُر ←اﻷﺻْ ﻐَ ُر‬
❖ Or by making them Mudhaf
The best part of the book ‫ب‬
ِ ‫ أَﺣْ ﺳَ نُ اﻟ ِﻛﺗَﺎ‬M.I Singular & Proper
The best of the books ‫ب‬
ِ ‫أَﺣْ ﺳَ نُ اﻟ ُﻛ ُﺗ‬ M.I plural & Proper
The best book ‫ب‬
ٍ ‫ أَﺣْ ﺳَ نُ ِﻛﺗَﺎ‬M.I Singular & Common
 ‫اﺳْﻢ ﺗَﻔْﻀِ ﯿﻞ‬
‫●‬ ‫ﺧَ ﯿْﺮُ ُﻛﻢْ َﻣﻦْ ﺗَﻌَ ﻠﱠﻢَ ا ْﻟﻘُﺮْآنَ َوﻋَ ﻠﱠﻤَ ُﮫ‬
‫●‬ ‫ﺟَ ْﯾ ُر ُﻛ ْم ﺟَ ْﯾ ُر ُﻛ ْم ِﻷھْ ﻠِ ِﮫ‬
‫●‬ ‫أ ﱡﯾ ُﮭ ْم أﺣْ ﺳَ نُ ﻋَ ﻣ ًَﻼ‬
‫●‬ ‫ص‬ ‫أﺣْ ﺳَ نُ اﻟﻘَﺻَ ِ‬
‫●‬ ‫أﺟْ َﻣ ُل َو َﻟ ٍد‬
‫●‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ٰھذَ ا أ ْﻧ َﻔ ُﻊ اﻟ ُﻛ ُﺗ ِ‬
‫●‬ ‫أ ﱡﯾ ُﻛﻣَﺎ أ ْﻛ َﺑ ُر‬
‫أﻟ َْوان َو ُﻋﯾُوب‬
 ‫أ ْﻟﻮَان و ُﻋﯿُﻮب‬
❖ In Arabic Colors & Body defects are also follow
the same pattern of Ism Tafdeef (ُ‫)أﻓْﻌَ ل‬
Plural Feminine Masculine
‫ُﺣ ْﻣ ٌر‬ ‫ﺣَ ﻣْرَ ا ُء‬ ‫أَﺣْ َﻣ ُر‬
‫ِﺑ ْﯾ ٌد‬ ‫َﺑﯾْدَ ا ُء‬ ُ‫أ ْﺑﯾَض‬
‫ﺳ ُْو ٌد‬ ‫ﺳَ ْودَ ا ُء‬ ‫أﺳْ َو ُد‬
‫ﺧُﺿْ ٌر‬ ‫ﺧَ ﺿْ رَ ا ُء‬ ‫أَﺧْ ﺿَ ُر‬
‫ﺻ ْﻔ ٌر‬
ُ ‫ﺻَ ﻔْرَ ا ُء‬ ‫أَﺻْ َﻔ ُر‬
 ‫أ ْﻟﻮَان و ُﻋﯿُﻮب‬
‫‪Plural‬‬ ‫‪Feminine‬‬ ‫‪Masculine‬‬
‫ﺻ ْﻠ ٌﻊ‬
‫ُ‬ ‫ﺻَ ﻠْﻌَ ﺎ ُء‬ ‫أَﺻْ َﻠ ُﻊ‬
‫ُﺑ ْﻛ ٌم‬ ‫َﺑ ْﻛﻣَﺎ ُء‬ ‫أ ْﺑ َﻛ ُم‬
‫طُرْ شٌ‬ ‫طَ رْ ﺷَﺎ ُء‬ ‫أطْ رَ شُ‬
‫ُﻋ ْﻣ ٌﻲ‬ ‫ﻋَ ﻣْ ﯾَﺎ ُء‬ ‫أﻋْ ﻣَﻰ‬
 ‫ﺑﺎب ِا ْﻓﻌ َِﻼل ‪Family IX‬‬
‫ﻣُﺣْ ﻣَرﱞ‬ ‫اِﺣْ ﻣِرَ ارً ا‬ ‫ﯾَﺣْ ﻣَرﱡ‬ ‫اِﺣْ ﻣَرﱠ‬
‫اﺳم ﻓﺎﻋل‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺻْ در‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻌل اﻟﻣﺿﺎرع‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻌل اﻟﻣﺎﺿﻲ‬

‫‪X‬‬ ‫‪X‬‬ ‫‪X‬‬ ‫‪X‬‬

‫اﺳم ﻣﻔﻌول‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺻْ در‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻌل اﻟﻣﺿﺎرع اﻟﻣﺑﻧﻲ ﻟﻠﻣﺟﮭول‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻌل اﻟﻣﺎﺿﻲ اﻟﻣﺑﻧﻲ ﻟﻠﻣﺟﮭول‬

‫ﻣُﺣْ ﻣَرﱞ‬ ‫اِﺣْ ﻣَرﱠ اِﺣْ ﻣَرﱢ اِﺣْ ﻣَرِ رْ ﻻ ﺗَﺣْ ﻣَرﱠ ﻻ ﺗَﺣْ ﻣَرﱢ ﻻ ﺗَﺣْ ﻣَرِ رْ‬
‫اﺳم ظرف‬ ‫ﻓﻌل اﻟﻧﮭﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻌل اﻷﻣر‬
‫ﺣَ رُوف ﻧِدَ اء‬
 ‫ﺣُﺮوف ﻧﺪاء‬
❖ ‫ﯾَﺎ ﷲ‬
❖ Here ‫ ﯾﺎ‬is ‫ & ﺣَ رْ ف ﻧِداء‬the word ‫ ﷲ‬is ‫ُﻣﻧ َٰﺎدى‬
❖ If ‫ ُﻣﻧ َٰﺎدى‬is ‫ ُﻣﻔْرَ د‬- it will be light - e.g. ‫ﯾَﺎ زَ ْﯾ ُد \ ﯾَﺎ َو َﻟ ُد‬
❖ If ‫ ُﻣﻧ َٰﺎدى‬is Masculine And with ‫ ال‬- have to add ‫اَ ﱡﯾﮭَﺎ‬
- e.g. ‫ﯾَﺎ اَ ﱡﯾﮭَﺎ اﻟ َْو َﻟ ُد‬
❖ If ‫ ُﻣﻧ َٰﺎدى‬is Feminine And with ‫ ال‬- have to add ‫اَ ﱠﯾ ُﺗﮭَﺎ‬
- e.g. ُ‫ﯾَﺎ اَ ﱠﯾ ُﺗﮭَﺎ ا ْﻟ ِﺑﻧْت‬
❖ If ‫ ُﻣﻧ َٰﺎدى‬is ‫ ﻣُﺿﺎف‬- it’s must be Nasb - e.g. ‫ﷲ‬ ِ َ‫ﯾَﺎ ﻋَ ﺑْد‬
‫ﻓِﻲ ﻣَﺣَ ل ّ‬
 ‫ﻓِﻲ َﻣ َﺤ ّﻞ‬
❖ We know singular ism has Status -
■ ‫اﺳم ﻣَرْ ﻓُوع \ اﺳم َﻣ ْﻧﺻُوب \ اﺳم ﻣَﺟْ رُور‬
❖ But When a sentence is in a particular status
Arab labels them as ‫ﻓﻲ ﻣَﺣَ ل رﻓﻊ \ﻧﺻب\ﺟر‬
❖ ‫ ﻓﻲ ﻣَﺣَ ل رﻓﻊ‬- In Jumlah ismiyyah Khabar can be a
Full sentence (J.i/j.f) or often a sentence can
come as a Sifah to a Rafa Mausuf
■ ‫ﷲُ ﺟَ ﻌَ َل َﻟ ُﻛ ُم اﻷرْ ضَ ﺑِﺳَ ﺎطًﺎ‬
 ‫ﻓِﻲ َﻣ َﺤ ّﻞ‬
❖ ‫ ﻓﻲ ﻣَﺣَ ل ﻧﺻب‬- A sentence (J.i/j.f) can come as
Mafuul Bihi or Haal or often a sentence can
come as a Sifah to a Nasb Mausuf
■ ‫ﻗَﺎﻟُو آ َﻣﻧﱠﺎ‬
❖ ‫ ﻓﻲ ﻣَﺣَ ل ﺟر‬- A sentence (J.i/j.f) can come as
Mudaf Ilai or after Harf Jarr or often a sentence
can come as a Sifah to a Nasb Mausuf
■ ‫إِذْ ﺗَﺳْ َﺗ ِﻐ ْﯾﺛ ُْونَ رَ ﱠﺑ ُﻛ ْم‬
Compound
‫اﺳﻢ‬
‫أَنْ اﻟﻣَﺻْ دَ رِ ﯾﱠﺔ‬
 ْ‫أَن‬
❖ ْ‫ أَن‬- To/That. Which Makes the Mudari light / ‫ﻣﻧﺻوب‬
❖ E.g. ‫ َﯾﺄْ ُﻛ ُل‬- He eats
■ ‫ أَنْ َﯾﺄْ ُﻛ َل‬- To eat (Sound like a idea/‫)ﻣﺻدر‬
❖ So it transform a sentence into a compound ‫اﺳم‬
◆ ‫ﯾُرِ ْﯾ ُد أَنْ ﯾَذْ ھَبَ إِﻟَﻰ اﻟﻣَﺳْ ِﺟ ِد‬
◆ ‫ﻋَ َﻠ ْﯾ ِﮫ أَنْ ﯾَذْ ھَبَ إِﻟَﻰ اﻟﻣَﺳْ ِﺟ ِد‬
◆ ‫أَنْ َﺗﺻ ُْوﻣ ُْوا ﺧَ ْﯾ ٌر َﻟ ُﻛ ْم‬
‫أَنﱠ‬
 ‫أَنﱠ‬
❖ ‫ أَنﱠ‬- That. Which Makes the ‫ اﺳم‬to ‫ﻣﻧﺻوب‬
❖ E.g. ٌ‫ ھ َُو طَ ﺎﻟِب‬- He is a student
■ ٌ‫ أَ ﱠﻧ ُﮫ طَ ﺎﻟِب‬- That he is a student (not complete sentence, act
as a piece of sentence)

❖ So it transform a sentence into a compound ‫اﺳم‬

◆ ٌ‫ﻗَﺎ َل أَ ﱠﻧ ُﮫ طَ ﺎﻟِب‬
◆ َ‫َوﯾَﺣْ ﺳَ ﺑ ُْونَ أَ ﱠﻧ ُﮭ ْم ُﻣ ْﮭ َﺗد ُْون‬
◆ ‫َﺗ َﺑﯾﱠنَ َﻟ ُﮫ أَ ﱠﻧ ُﮫ ﻋَ د ﱞُو‬
‫إِذْ ‪ -‬إذَ ا ‪ -‬ﯾَو َم‬
 ‫ ﯾَﻮْ َم‬- ‫ إِذَا‬- ‫إِ ْذ‬
❖ All of them are ‫ ظرف‬and act as special Mudhaf
❖ These 3 are Special Special Mudhaf which turns next
complete sentence to MI (Fi Mahal Jaar)

‫ھ َُو ﻗَﺎ ِء ٌم‬ He is standing

‫إِ ْذ‬ - When (past) ‫إِذْ ھ َُو ﻗَﺎ ِء ٌم‬ When he was standing

‫إِذَا‬ - When (future) ‫إِذَ ا ھ َُو ﻗَﺎ ِء ٌم‬ When he will be standing

‫ ﯾَﻮْ َم‬- e day on which ‫ﯾ َْو َم ھ َُو ﻗَﺎ ِء ٌم‬ The day on which he will
be standing
 ‫ إِ ْذ‬- When
❖ Can come with J.I or J.F; both ‫ ﻣﺎض‬and ‫ﻣﺿﺎرع‬
❖ Translates in the past-tense regardless
■ ‫إِذْ أَ ْﻧ ُﺗ ْم َﻗﻠِ ْﯾ ٌل‬
■ َ‫َو إِذْ ﻏَ دَ ْوتَ ﻣِنْ أَھْ ﻠِك‬
■ ‫إِذْ ﺗَﺳْ َﺗ ِﻐ ْﯾﺛ ُْونَ رَ ﱠﺑ ُﻛ ْم‬
 ‫ إِذَا‬- When
❖ Can come with J.I or J.F; both ‫ ﻣﺎض‬and ‫ﻣﺿﺎرع‬
❖ Translation differ depending on what follows
❖ With J.I. --- “suddenly” or “surprisingly”. ‫إذا اﻟﻔُﺟَ ﺎ ِﺋﯾﱠﺔ‬
● ‫َﻓﺄ َ ْﻟﻘَﺎھَﺎ َﻓﺈِذَ ا ھِﻰَ ﺣَ ﱠﯾ ُﺔ ﺗَﺳْ ﻌَ ﻰ‬
❖ With Madi -- ‫“ إذا اﻟﺷرطﯾﺔ‬indicates a single event”
● ‫إِذَ ا ُذﻛِرَ ﷲُ َو ِﺟﻠَتْ ﻗُﻠ ُْو ُﺑ ُﮭ ْم‬
❖ With Mudari -- indicates a repeated event.
● ‫َوإِذَ ا ُﺗ ْﺗﻠَﻰ ﻋَ َﻠ ْﯾ ِﮫ آﯾَﺎ ُﺗﻧَﺎ َوﻟﱠﻰ ﻣُﺳْ ﺗَﻛْ ﺑِرً ا‬
 ‫ ﯾَﻮْ َم‬- e day on which
❖ Can come with J.I or J.F; Only ‫ ﻣﺿﺎرع‬Never with ‫ﻣﺎض‬
❖ Translated always as, “The day on which..”
❖ With J.I.
● َ‫ﯾ َْو َم ُھ ْم ﺑﺎرِ ز ُْون‬
❖ With Mudari
● َ‫ﯾ َْو َم ﻻ َﯾ ْﻧ َﻔ ُﻊ ﻣَﺎ ٌل َوﻻ َﺑﻧ ُْون‬
 ‫اﺳﻢ ‪Compound‬‬
‫اﻻﺳْ ُم اﻟﻣ َْوﺻ ُْول ُ َوﺻِ َﻠ ُﺗ ُﮫ‬
 ‫اﻻ ْﺳ ُﻢ اﻟﻤَﻮْ ﺻُﻮْ ُل‬
‫‪ in the Quran‬اﺳم ‪❖ Most commonly used compound‬‬
‫‪❖ 3 sets of words….‬‬

‫اَﻟﱠ ِذﯾْنَ‬ ‫اَﻟﱠذَ ا ِن ‪ -‬اَﻟﱠذَ ْﯾ ِن‬ ‫اَﻟﱠذِي‬

‫ا ﱠَﻻﺋِﻲْ ‪ or‬ا ﱠَﻻﺗِﻲ‬ ‫اَﻟﱠﺗَﺎ ِن ‪ -‬اَﻟﱠ َﺗ ْﯾ ِن‬ ‫اَﻟﱠﺗِﻲ‬
‫ﻣَنْ‬ ‫ﻣَﺎ‬
 Properties of ‫اﻟﱠﺬي‬
❖ Always Proper
❖ Number & Gender self expletonar
❖ Status is depend of context - e.g.
➢ َ‫إِنﱠ اﻟﱠذِﯾن‬
➢ ‫ﻓِﻲ اﻟﱠذِي‬
❖ It turns a complete sentence to a one complex
word!!
➢ ‫ اﻟذي ﻗﺎ َل‬-- ‫ﻗَﺎ َل‬
➢ ‫اﻟذي ھو ﻓﻲ اﻟﻣﺳﺟد‬
 Usage of Ism Mawsul
❖ As they are treated as a complex single ‫اﺳم‬.
They can play any role that a normal ‫ اﺳم‬plays.
◆ ‫ﻗَﺎ َل اﻟﱠذِﯾنَ َﻛ َﻔر ُْوا‬
◆ ‫إِذَ ا َﻟﻘ ُْوا اﻟﱠ ِذﯾْنَ آ َﻣﻧ ُْوا‬
◆ ‫ﺻدُو ُر ُھ ْم أَ ْﻛ َﺑ ُر‬
ُ ‫َوﻣَﺎ ﺗُﺧْ ﻔِﻰ‬
◆ ُ‫أ ُْو َﻻءِكَ اﻟﱠ ِذﯾْنَ ھ َٰد ُھ ُم ﷲ‬
 ‫‪Usage of Ism Mawsul‬‬
‫★‬ ‫ﻧَﺎ ُر ٱ ﱠ ِ ٱ ْﻟﻣُوﻗَدَ ةُ ۝ ٱﻟﱠﺗِﻰ َﺗ ﱠطﻠِ ُﻊ ﻋَ ﻠَﻰ ْٱﻷَ ْﻓـِٔدَ ِة‬
‫★‬ ‫ﻗَدْ ﺳَ ﻣِﻊَ ﷲُ ﻗ َْو َل اﻟﱠﺗِﻰ ﺗُﺟَ ﺎ ِدﻟُكَ ﻓِﻰ زَ ْو ِﺟﮭَﺎ‬
‫★‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ﺻﻠِﺣَ ﺎ ِ‬ ‫إِنﱠ اﻟﱠ ِذﯾْنَ آ َﻣﻧ ُْوا َوﻋَ ِﻣﻠ ُْوا اﻟ ﱠ‬
‫★‬ ‫َو ﻋَ ﻠَﻰ اﻟﱠ ِذﯾْنَ ﯾُطِ ْﯾﻘُو َﻧ ُﮫ‬
‫★‬ ‫ت‬ ‫َﺎوا ِ‬ ‫ِ ﱠ ِ ﻣَﺎ ﻓِﻰ اﻟﱠﻣ َ‬
 ْ‫ﻣَﺎ & ﻣَﻦ‬
❖ ْ‫ ﻣَن‬- Who/Whoever, is used for person but it is
more ambiguous then ‫اﻟذي‬
❖ ‫ ﻣَﺎ‬- What/Whatever, is used for anything and it is
most ambiguous
❖ When Allah used ‫ اﻟذي‬he is talking about specific
group of people then ‫ﻣﺎ‬
❖ ‫ ﻣﺎ‬is more open ended
 ‫ﻋَﺎﺋِﺪ‬
❖ The ‫ ﻋﺎﺋد‬is a pronoun within the ‫ ﺻﻠﺔ‬which refers
back to the ‫اﺳم ﻣوﺻول‬
❖ It literally means ‘the one who comes back’.
❖ It can appear as an attached, detached, inside, or
implied pronoun.
❖ It always matches in number and gender with
the‫اﺳم ﻣوﺻول‬
❖ There is no equivalent of a ‫ ﻋﺎﺋد‬in English, and it is
DISREGARDED WHEN TRANSLATING.
 ‫ﻋَﺎﺋِﺪ‬
❖ ‫ ﻣَﺎ ﻗَﺎ َل‬- What he said
❖ ‫ ﻣَﺎ ﻗَﺎ َﻟ ُﮫ‬- What he said it
❖ ‫ ﻧَﻌْ َﻠ ُم ﻣَﺎ َﻛ َﺗ َﺑ ُﮫ‬- We know what he wrote (it).
● ‫ ﻋﺎﺋد‬is optional. We can use is or not use it both
are correct Arabic.
● In Quran Allah sometimes use it sometimes
not.
 ‫اﻻ ْﺳ ُﻢ اﻟﻤَﻮْ ﺻُﻮْ ُل‬
‫=‬ ‫اِﺳْ ُم‬
‫ﻓَﺎﻋِ ل‬ ‫ﺻِ َﻠ ُﺔ اﻟﻣَوﺻُول‬
‫َﻣ ْﻔﻌُول‬ ‫اﻟﻣ َْوﺻُول‬
‫ُﻣ ْﺑﺗَدَ ا‬ ‫ﺷِ ْﺑ ُﮫ ﺟُﻣْ ﻠَﺔ‬ ‫ﺟُﻣْ ﻠَﺔ‬
‫ﺧَ ﺑر‬ ‫ﺧَ ﺎص ُﻣ ْﺷﺗَرَ ك‬
‫ﺻِ ﻔَت‬ ‫ﻓِﻌْ ﻠِﯾﱠﺔ ظَ رْ ف ﺟَ ﺎر ﻣَﺟْ رُور‬ ‫اِﺳْ ِﻣﯾﱠﺔ‬
‫ﻣُﺿَ ﺎف ِاﻟَﯾﮫ‬
‫ﻣَﺟْ رُور‬ ‫ﻋَ ﺎﺋِد‬
COMPOUND
‫ﺻﻔﺔ‬
 ‫اﻟﻤَﻮْ ﺻُﻮْ ف وَاﻟﺼِ ﻔَﺔ‬
‫‪ with same 4 properties‬اﺳم ‪❖ Two or more‬‬
‫ِﻛﺗَﺎبٌ ﻣَرْ ﻗ ُْو ٌم ●‬
‫ﺻﻔﺔ ‪ can be‬اﺳم ‪1. Normally 2 kinds of‬‬
‫اﺳم ‪) Any single‬اﻻﺳم اﻟﻣﻔرد( ■‬
‫)ﻣوﺻوف ‪ (Only with Proper‬اﺳم ﻣوﺻول ■‬
‫ﷲُ اﻟذي ◆‬
‫اﻟﻣ ُْو ِﻣﻧُونَ اﻟذﯾنَ ◆‬
 ‫اﻟﻤَﻮْ ﺻُﻮْ ف وَاﻟﺼِ ﻔَﺔ‬
‫ﺻﻔﺔ ‪2. Two kinds of Fragment can be‬‬

‫إﺿﺎﻓﺔ ●‬
‫➢‬ ‫ِ ﱠ ِ رَ بﱢ اﻟﻌَ ﺎ َﻟ ِﻣﯾْنَ‬
‫➢‬ ‫َﺑ ﱠد ْﻟﻧَﺎ ُھ ْم ُﺟﻠُودًا ﻏَ ﯾْرَ ھَﺎ ﻟِ َﯾذُوﻗ ُْوا اﻟﻌَ ذَ ابَ‬
‫➢‬ ‫َواﻟْﺣَ بﱡ ذُو اﻟْﻌَ ﺻْ فِ َواﻟرﱠ ﯾْﺣَ ﺎنُ‬
‫➢‬ ‫ﻗُ ْل إِ ﱠﻧﻣَﺂ أَﻧَﺎ َﺑ َﺷ ٌر ِﻣ ْﺛﻠُ ُﻛ ْم‬
 ‫اﻟﻤَﻮْ ﺻُﻮْ ف وَاﻟﺼِ ﻔَﺔ‬
‫ﺻﻔﺔ ‪2. Two kinds of Fragment can be‬‬

‫)ﻣوﺻوف‪ (Only with Common‬اﻟﺟﺎر واﻟﻣﺟرور ★‬

‫رَ ُﺟ ٌل ﻣِنْ ﻗُرَ ﯾْشِ ➢‬
‫ض➢‬ ‫دَ آ ﱠﺑ ًﺔ ﻣِنَ اﻷَرْ ِ‬
‫طَ ﺂ ِﺋ َﻔ ٌﺔ ِﻣ ْﻧ ُﻛ ْم ➢‬
 ‫اﻟﻤَﻮْ ﺻُﻮْ ف وَاﻟﺼِ ﻔَﺔ‬
3. Two kinds of Sentence can be ‫ﺻﻔﺔ‬

★ ‫( ﺟﻣﻠﺔ اﺳﻣﯾﺔ‬Only with Common‫)ﻣوﺻوف‬

★ ‫( ﺟﻣﻠﺔ ﻓﻌﻠﯾﺔ‬Only with Common‫)ﻣوﺻوف‬
❖ A common ‫اﺳم‬
❖ Immediately followed by J.I. or J.F.
❖ The ‫ ﻋﺎﺋد‬within J.I. or J.F. must match ‫ﻣوﺻوف‬
in number & gender
 ‫اﻟﻤَﻮْ ﺻُﻮْ ف وَاﻟﺼِ ﻔَﺔ‬
‫ﺻﻔﺔ ‪Sentence as‬‬

‫➢‬ ‫إِ ﱠﻧﮭَﺎ َﻛﻠِ َﻣ ٌﺔ ھ َُو ﻗَﺂ ِﺋﻠُﮭَﺎ‬

‫➢‬ ‫ﯾ َْو ٌم ﱠﻻ َﺑ ْﯾ ٌﻊ ﻓِﯾ ِﮫ َو َﻻ ﺧ َِﻼ ٌل‬
‫➢‬ ‫رِ ﯾ ٌﺢ ﻓِﯾﮭَﺎ ﻋَ ذَ ابٌ أَﻟِﯾ ٌم‬
‫➢‬ ‫ﺟَ ﻧﱠتٌ ﺗَﺟْ رِ ى ﻣِنْ ﺗَﺣْ ِﺗﮭَﺎ ْاﻷَ ْﻧﮭَﺎ ُر‬
‫➢‬ ‫ﷲ‬
‫ﺻرُو َﻧ ُﮫ ﻣِنْ دُو ِن ِ‬ ‫ِﻓﺋَتٌ َﯾ ْﻧ ُ‬
‫اﻟ ُﺟ ْﻣﻠَﺔ اﻟﺷﱠرْ طِ ﯾﱠﺔ‬
 ‫اﻟ ُﺨ ْﻤﻠَﺔ اﻟﺸﱠﺮْ طِ ﯿﱠﺔ‬
❖ It is the conditional sentence. If …... & then
sentence
➢ If you study then you will pass
❖ The “IF” part is ‫ﺷَرْ ط‬
❖ And the “THEN” part is called \ ‫ﺟَ َوابُ اﻟﺷﱠرْ ط‬
‫ﺟَ زاء‬
❖ Both part Must be on the Lightest form
 ‫اﻟ ُﺨ ْﻤﻠَﺔ اﻟﺸﱠﺮْ طِ ﯿﱠﺔ‬
‫●‬ ‫إِنْ َﯾ ْﻧﺻُرْ أ ْﻧﺻُرْ‬
‫●‬ ‫إنْ أَﺣْ ﺳَ نَ أﺣْ ﺳَ ﻧْتُ‬
‫●‬ ‫إِنْ َﺗﻣْﺳَ ﺳْ ُﻛ ْم ﺣَ ﺳَ َﻧ ٌﺔ َﺗﺳ ُْؤ ُھ ْم‬
‫●‬ ‫إنْ أﺻَ ﺎ َﺑ ُﮫ ﺟَ ْﯾ ٌر اطْ َﻣﺄ َنﱠ ِﺑ ِﮫ‬
 ‫ ف‬in ‫ﺟﻮاب ﺷﺮط‬
❖ Sometimes the Then... portion has ‫ ف‬in it.
❖ Usually ‫ ف‬is not used because both part is
lightest or in same form.
❖ But If ‫ ﺷرط‬and ‫ ﺟواب‬is mismatched then ‫ ف‬is
mentioned
■ ‫ﷲ ﻏَ ﻧِﻰﱞ ﻋَ ْﻧ ُﻛ ْم‬
َ ‫إِنْ َﺗ ْﻛﻔُر ُْوا َﻓﺈِنﱠ‬
 Other Conditional Words
❖ ‫ ﻣَﺎ‬and ْ‫ِ ﻣَن‬and ‫ أَ ْﯾ َﻧﻣَﺎ‬also can be used as Condition
❖ There are many ‫ ﻣَﺎ‬and ْ‫ﻣَن‬. We can Identify -
Both of them will followed by lightest
■ ‫ﷲ ﯾ َُوفﱠ إِ َﻟ ْﯾ ُﻛ ْم‬ِ ِ‫ﻣَﺎ ُﺗ ْﻧ ِﻔﻘ ُْوا ﻣِنْ ﺷَﻰْ ٍء ﻓِﻰ ﺳَ ِﺑﯾْل‬
■ ‫َﻣ ِن اھْ ﺗَدَ ى َﻓﺈِ ﱠﻧﻣَﺎ َﯾ ْﮭ َﺗدِى ﻟِ َﻧﻔْﺳِ ِﮫ‬
■ ‫أَ ْﯾ َﻧﻣَﺎ ُﺛ ِﻘﻔ ُْوا أ ُ ِﺧذ ُْوا‬
■ ُ‫أَ ْﯾ َﻧﻣَﺎ َﺗﻛُوﻧ ُْوا ﯾُدْ رِ ْﻛ ُﻛ ْم اﻟﻣ َْوت‬
 ‫( أَ َدوَاتُ اﻟﺸﱠﺮْ ط‬Tools of ‫)ﺷﺮط‬
❖ Classify into 3 categories -
➢ ‫ أَدَ َواتُ اﻟﺷﱠرْ طِ اﻟﺟَ ﺎزِ َﻣ ُﺔ‬- tools that make both parts
of the conditional sentence ‫ﻣﺟزوم‬
● ‫إِنْ ﻣَﺎ ﻣَنْ أَ ْﯾ َﻧﻣَﺎ‬
➢ ‫ أَدَ َواتُ ﻏَ ْﯾ ُر اﻟﺟَ ﺎزِ َﻣ ٍﺔ‬- tools that have no
grammatical effect
● ‫ﻟ َْو إِذَ ا‬
➢ ‫ اﻷﻣْ ر وﺟواب اﻷﻣر‬- Command & its ans
 ْ‫ﻟَﻮ‬
❖ They does not have any grammatical effect
❖ ‫ ﻟ َْو‬- Had ……… followed by َ ‫ ل‬- would have
❖ It is used to express conditions that are highly
unlikely or hypothetical.
➢ ‫ﻟ َْو ﻛَﺎنَ ﻓِﯾ ِﮭﻣَﺂ ءَاﻟِ َﮭ ٌﺔ إ ﱠِﻻ ﷲُ َﻟﻔَﺳَ دَ ﺗَﺎ‬
➢ ‫َﺎﻻ ﱠﻻ ﱠﺗﺑَﻌْ ﻧَﺎ ُﻛ ْم‬
ً ‫ﻟ َْو ﻧَﻌْ َﻠ ُم ِﻗﺗ‬
 ‫إذَا‬
❖ ‫ إذا‬- “when” and it describes conditions that are
highly likely to happen.
❖ The ‫ ﺟواب‬can sometimes have a َ‫ ف‬on it.
➢ َ‫إ َِذِا أَﺻَ ﺎ َﺑ ْﺗ ُﮭ ْم ﻣﱡﺻِ ﯾ َﺑ ٌﺔ ﻗَﺎﻟُوا إِﻧﱠﺎ ِ ِ َوإِﻧﱠﺂ إِ َﻟ ْﯾ ِﮫ رَ ا ِﺟﻌُون‬
➢ ٌ‫إِذَ ا ﺳَ ﺄَﻟَكَ ﻋِ ﺑَﺎدِى ﻋَ ﻧﱢﻰ َﻓﺈِﻧﱢﻰ ﻗَرِ ﯾب‬
 ‫اﻷﻣْﺮ وﺟﻮاب اﻷﻣﺮ‬
‫‪❖ Command followed by Lightest Fi’l‬‬
‫َواﺿْ ُﻣ ْم ﯾَدَ كَ إِﻟَﻰ ﺟَ ﻧَﺎﺣِكَ ﺗَﺧْ رُجْ َﺑﯾْﺿَ ﺂ َء ➢‬
 ‫ﻗَ َﺴ ٌﻢ‬
❖ Every ‫ ﻗﺳم‬has a ‫ﺟَ َوابُ اﻟﻘَﺳَ م‬
❖ Jawab can be Jumlah Ismiyyah / Jumlah Filliyah
both ‫ ُﻣ ْﺛﺑَت‬or ‫َﻣ ْﻧﻔِﻰ‬
❖ In case of ‫ ﻣُﺛﺑَت‬Jumlah it must be with Tahkid
■ Jumlah Ismiyyah - ‫ ل‬- ‫ إنﱠ‬e.g. Surah Asr
■ Fil Madi - ‫ ل‬+ ْ‫ ﻗَد‬E.g. Surah Tin
■ Fil Mudari - ‫ ل‬in present E.g. َ‫ﷲ َﻷ ِﺣﺑﱡك‬
ِ ‫َو‬
● ‫ ن‬+ ‫ ل‬Tahkid e.g. ‫ﺗَﺎ ِ َﻷﻗِدَ نﱠ‬
 ِ‫ع اﻟﻘَﺴَﻢِ وَاﻟﺸﱠﺮْ ط‬
ُ ‫اِﺟْ ﺘِﻤَﺎ‬
❖ When Kasam & Shart comes together
➢ Shart - َ‫إنْ ﺗَﺿْ رِ ْﺑﻧِﻰ أﺿْ رِ ﺑْك‬
➢ Kasam - َ‫ﷲ َﻷﺿْ رِ َﺑﻧﱠك‬ ِ ‫َو‬
➢ S+K - َ‫ﷲ إنْ ﺗَﺿْ رِ ْﺑﻧِﻰ َﻷﺿْ رِ َﺑﻧﱠك‬
ِ ‫َو‬
❖ In such scenario where sentence start with Kasam the
Jawab will be for the Kasam not the Shart.
❖ And in this case after ْ‫ إن‬Mudari can’t come. It mast be
Madi Lafzan (actual) or Manwe (with ‫) َﻟ ْم‬
❖ So Actual e.g. َ‫ﷲ إنْ ﺿَ رَ ْﺑ َﺗﻧِﻰ َﻷﺿْ رِ َﺑﻧﱠك‬
ِ ‫َو‬
 ‫ع اﻟﻘَﺴَﻢِ وَاﻟﺸﱠﺮْ طِ‬
‫اِﺟْ ﺘِﻤَﺎ ُ‬
‫ﷲ ‪ comes in the place of‬ل ‪❖ Sometimes‬‬
‫و ِ‬
‫َﻟﺋِنْ ﺿَ رَ ْﺑ َﺗﻧِﻰ َﻷﺿْ رِ َﺑﻧﱠكَ ➢‬
‫َﻟﺋِنْ َﺷﻛَرْ ُﺗ ْم َﻷزِ ﯾدَ ﱠﻧ ُﻛ ْم ➢‬
‫َو َﻟﺋِنْ َﻛﻔَرْ ُﺗ ْم إِنﱠ ﻋَ ذَ اﺑِﻲْ َﻟ َﺷدِﯾ ٌد ➢‬
‫‪ is not mentioned‬ل ‪❖ Only Few times even the‬‬
‫‪and we have to recognize by the Jawab‬‬
‫َوإنْ ﻟﱠ ْم ﺗَﻐْ ﻔِرْ َﻟﻧَﺎ َو ﺗَرْ ﺣَ ﻣْﻧﺎ َﻟ َﻧﻛُوﻧَنﱠ ﻣِنَ اﻟﺧَ ﺎﺳِ رِ ﯾنَ ➢‬
‫اﻟﺣﺎل‬
 ‫اﻟﺤﺎل‬
❖ ‫ ﺣﺎل‬literally means “state” or “condition”.
❖ ‫ ﺣﺎل‬tells us How something happens.
❖ The person's State is being described is called
‫ﺻَ ﺎﺣِبُ اﻟﺣَ ﺎل \ ذُو اﻟﺣﺎل‬
◆ Bilal left while crying.
◆ The book came down gradually.
◆ It ran toward me barking.
◆ I was sent to you as a teacher.
 ‫اﻟﺤﺎل‬
❖ A ‫ ﺣﺎل‬can only appear in a complete sentence. If the
‫ ﺣﺎل‬is removed, the sentence should still be complete.
❖ The ‫ ﺻَ ﺎﺣِبُ اﻟﺣَ ﺎل‬is almost always PROPER.
❖ ‫ ﺣﺎل‬can comes in 4 ways in Arabic
● As a single Ism (‫ ﻧﺻب‬and most likely common)
● As a ‫( ﻓﻌل‬most likely ‫)ﻣﺿﺎرع‬
● Comes with ‫ و ﺣَ ﺎﻟِﯾَﺔ‬followed by Jum. Ism
● Comes with ‫ و ﺣَ ﺎﻟِﯾَﺔ‬followed by ‫ ﻗد‬J.F
 ‫اﻟﺤﺎل‬
‫ﻋَ ﻠﱠ َم اﻷ ُﺳْ ﺗَﺎ ُذ‬
‫ﻋَ ﻠﱠ َم اﻷ ُﺳْ ﺗَﺎ ُذ ﺟَ ﺎﻟِﺳًﺎ‬ ‫‪Single Ism‬‬

‫ﻋَ ﻠﱠ َم اﻷ ُﺳْ ﺗَﺎ ُذ ﯾَﺟْ ﻠِسُ‬ ‫ﻓﻌل ﻣﺿﺎرع‬

‫ﻋَ ﻠﱠ َم اﻷ ُﺳْ ﺗَﺎ ُذ َو ھ َُو ﺟَ ﺎﻟِسٌ‬

‫‪ followed by J.I‬و ﺣَ ﺎﻟِﯾَﺔ‬
‫ﻋَ ﻠﱠ َم اﻷ ُﺳْ ﺗَﺎ ُذ َو ھ َُو ﯾَﺟْ ﻠِسُ‬
‫ﻋَ ﻠﱠ َم اﻷ ُﺳْ ﺗَﺎ ُذ َو ﻗَدْ ﺟَ ﻠَسَ‬ ‫‪ J.F‬ﻗد ‪ followed by‬و ﺣَ ﺎﻟِﯾَﺔ‬
 ‫‪ as single Ism‬اﻟﺤﺎل‬
‫❖‬ ‫ﻋَ ﻠﱠ َم اﻷ ُﺳْ ﺗَﺎ ُذ ﺟَ ﺎﻟِﺳًﺎ‬
‫❖‬ ‫َوﻣَﺂ أَرْ ﺳَ ْﻠ َﻧـٰكَ ﻋَ َﻠ ْﯾ ِﮭ ْم َو ِﻛﯾ ًْﻼ‬
‫❖‬ ‫َوإِذَ آ أ ُﻟۡ ﻘُو ْا ﻣِﻧۡ ﮩَﺎ َﻣﻛَﺎ ً۟ﻧﺎ ﺿَ ﱢﯾ ً۟ﻘﺎ ﱡﻣﻘَرﱠ ﻧِﯾنَ‬
‫❖‬ ‫ٱﻟﱠذِﯾنَ ﯾ َۡذ ُﻛرُونَ ٱ َ ِﻗ َﯾ ٰـ ً۟ﻣﺎ َوﻗُﻌُو ً۟دا‬
‫❖‬ ‫ض ﻣَرَ ﺣً ﺎ‬ ‫َو َﻻ َﺗﻣْشِ ﻓِﻰ اﻷرْ ِ‬
 ‫ﻓﻌﻞ ‪ as a‬اﻟﺤﺎل‬
‫❖‬ ‫ﻋَ ﻠﱠ َم اﻷ ُﺳْ ﺗَﺎ ُذ ﯾَﺟْ ﻠِسُ‬
‫❖‬ ‫ُﺛ ﱠم ﺟَ ﺂءُوكَ ﯾَﺣْ ﻠِﻔُونَ ﺑِﺎ ِ‬
‫❖‬ ‫َوﯾَذَ ُر ُھ ْم ﻓِﻰ طُﻐْ ﯾٰ ِﻧ ِﮭ ْم ﯾَﻌْ َﻣﮭُونَ‬
‫❖‬ ‫َوﺟَ ﺂ َء أھْ ُل ا ْﻟ َﻣدِﯾ َﻧ ِﺔ ﯾَﺳْ َﺗﺑْﺷِ رُونَ‬
 ‫‪ & J.Ismiyyah‬و ﺣَﺎﻟِﯿﺔ ‪ with‬اﻟﺤﺎل‬
‫ﻋَ ﻠﱠ َم اﻷ ُﺳْ ﺗَﺎ ُذ َو ھ َُو ﺟَ ﺎﻟِسٌ ❖‬
‫َوﻣ َۡن أ َۡظ َﻠ ُم ِﻣ ﱠﻣ ِن ٱﻓۡ ﺗَرَ ٰى ﻋَ ﻠَﻰ ٱ ِ ٱﻟۡ َﻛذِبَ َوھ َُو ﯾ ُۡدﻋَ ٰۤﻰ إِﻟَﻰ ۡٱﻹ ِۡﺳ َﻠـ ۚ ِٰم ❖‬
‫ﺻﯾْدَ َوأ ْﻧ ُﺗ ْم ُﺣ ُر ٌم ❖‬
‫َﻻ َﺗ ْﻘ ُﺗﻠُوا اﻟ ﱠ‬
‫ﻣَنْ ﻋَ ِﻣ َل ﺻَ ﺎﻟِﺣً ﺎ ﻣِنْ ذَ ﻛَرٍ ْأو أ ُ ْﻧﺛ َٰﻰ َوھ َُو ﻣ ُْؤﻣِنٌ ❖‬
‫َوﻣَﺎ َﻟ ُﻛ ْم َﻻ ﺗ ُْؤ ِﻣﻧُونَ ﺑِﭑ ِ ۙ َوٱﻟرﱠ ﺳُو ُل ﯾَدْ ﻋُو ُﻛ ْم ﻟِﺗ ُْؤ ِﻣﻧُوا۟ ﺑِرَ ﱢﺑ ُﻛ ْم ❖‬
 ‫‪ J.Fi’liyyah‬ﻗَﺪ ‪ and‬و ﺣَﺎﻟِﯿﺔ ‪ with‬اﻟﺤﺎل‬
‫ﻋَ ﻠﱠ َم اﻷ ُﺳْ ﺗَﺎ ُذ َوﻗَدْ ﺟَ ﻠَسَ ❖‬
‫ﷲ َوﻗَدْ ھَدَ ٰـ ِن ❖‬ ‫ﻗَﺎ َل أَﺗ ُٰﺣﺟﱡ ٓوﻧﱢﻰ ﻓِﻰ ِ‬
‫َﻻ ﯾ ُْؤ ِﻣﻧُونَ ِﺑ ِﮫ َوﻗَدْ ﺧَ ﻠَتْ ُﺳ ﱠﻧ ُﺔ ْاﻷَوﱠ ﻟِﯾنَ ❖‬
 ‫‪ In Jumlah Ismiyyah‬اﻟﺤﺎل‬

‫ﻓَﺟَ زَ آؤُ هُ ﺟَ َﮭ ﱠﻧ ُم ﺧَ ﺎﻟِدًا ﻓِﯾﮭَﺎ ❖‬

‫ﷲ إِ َﻟ ْﯾ ُﻛ ْم ﻣﱡﺻَ ﱢدﻗًﺎ ❖‬
‫إِﻧﱢﻰ رَ ﺳُو ُل ِ‬
‫اﻟﺗَﻣْ ِﯾﯾْز‬
 ‫اﻟﺘَ ْﻤﯿِﯿْﺰ‬
❖ ‫ ﺗﻣﯾﯾز‬remove or clarifies the ambiguity/doubt
(Ibhaam) in a sentence.
■ You are better than me
■ You are better than me in Arabic
❖ ‫ اﻟ َﺗ ْﻣ ِﯾﯾْز‬must be - NASB, COMMON, SINGULAR
■ ‫َﺎﻻ \ ﻋِ ْﻠﻣًﺎ‬
ً ‫أَﻧَﺎ أﻛْ َﺛ ُر ِﻣﻧْكَ َو َﻟدًا \ ﻣ‬
❖ It can come after some Ism (Ism tafdeel &
Number 11+) & Few ‫ﻓﻌل‬
 ‫اﻟﺘَ ْﻤﯿِﯿْﺰ‬
‫★‬ ‫َﺎﻻ َوأَﻋَ زﱡ َﻧﻔَرً ا‬
‫أَﻧَﺎ أ ْﻛ َﺛ ُر ِﻣﻧْكَ ﻣ ً‬
‫★‬ ‫ھ َُو ﺧَ ْﯾ ٌر ﺛ ََواﺑًﺎ َوﺧَ ْﯾ ٌر ُﻋ ْﻘﺑًﺎ‬
‫★‬ ‫ِﯾﻼ‬‫أ ُْوﻵءِكَ ﺷَرﱞ ﱠﻣﻛَﺎﻧًﺎ َوأَﺿَ ﱡل ﺳَ ﺑ ً‬
‫★‬ ‫ﻓَﺎ ْﻧﻔَﺟَ رَ تْ ِﻣ ْﻧ ُﮫ ا ْﺛ َﻧﺗَﺎ ﻋَ ﺷْرَ َة ﻋَ ْﯾﻧًﺎ‬
‫★‬ ‫إِﻧﱢﻰ رَ أَﯾْتُ أﺣَ دَ ﻋَ ﺷَرَ ﻛ َْو َﻛﺑًﺎ‬
 ‫اﻟﺘَ ْﻤﯿِﯿْﺰ‬
❖ There are few ‫ أﻓﻌﺎل‬in arabic that are vague and
take ‫ﺗﻣﯾﯾز‬

َ‫ﺣَ ﺳُن‬ ‫ﺳَ ﺎ َء‬ ‫َﻛﻔَﻰ‬ َ‫اِزْ دَ اد‬ َ‫زَ اد‬ َ‫ﻣ ََﻸ‬
To be To be To be To be
To increase To fill
wonderful terrible sufficient increased
 ‫اﻟﺘَ ْﻤﯿِﯿْﺰ‬
‫★‬ ‫َوﻗُ ْل رﱠ بﱢ زِ دْ ﻧِﻰ ﻋِ ْﻠﻣًﺎ‬
‫★‬ ‫ﻟِﯾَزْ دَ اد ُْوا إِ ْﯾﻣَﺎﻧًﺎ‬
‫★‬ ‫َو َﻛﻔَﻰ ﺑِﺎ ِ َو ِﻛﯾ ًْﻼ‬
‫★‬ ‫َوﺣَ ُﺳﻧَتْ ﻣُرْ َﺗ َﻔﻘًﺎ ‪َ V/S‬وﺳَ ﺂءَتْ ﻣُرْ َﺗ َﻔﻘًﺎ‬
‫ال ﻋَ دَ د ﻓِﻲ اﻟﻘُرْ آن‬
Numbers in Quran
 ‫اﻟ َﻌﺪَد‬
‫ﺗِﺳْ ﻌَ ٌﺔ‬ ‫ﺧَ ﻣْﺳَ ٌﺔ‬ ‫وا ِﺣ ٌد‬
‫ﻋَ ﺷْرَ ةٌ\ﻋَ ﺷَرَ ةٌ‬ ‫ﺳِ ﱠﺗ ٌﺔ‬ ‫ِا ْﺛ َﻧﯾْن‬
‫أﺣَ دَ ﻋَ ﺷَرَ‬ ‫ﺳَ ﺑْﻌَ ٌﺔ‬ ‫ﺛ ََﻼ َﺛ ٌﺔ‬
‫ِا ْﺛﻧَﺎ ﻋَ ﺷَرَ‬ ‫َﺛﻣَﺎ ِﻧ َﯾ ٌﺔ‬ ‫أرْ ﺑَﻌَ ٌﺔ‬
 ‫‪Counting 1-10‬‬
‫ِﻛﺗَﺎبٌ‬ ‫ﺳَ ﯾﱠﺎرَ ةٌ‬
‫ِﻛﺗَﺎبٌ َوا ِﺣ ٌد‬ ‫ﺳَ ﯾﱠﺎرَ ةٌ َواﺣِدَ ةٌ‬ ‫‪1-2‬‬
‫ِﻛﺗَﺎﺑَﺎ ِن ِا ْﺛﻧَﺎ ِن‬ ‫ﺳَ ﯾﱠﺎرَ ﺗَﺎ ِن ِا ْﺛ َﻧﺗَﺎ ِن‬ ‫)‪(Mausuf-sifa‬‬

‫ب‬
‫ﺛَﻼ َﺛ ُﺔ ُﻛ ُﺗ ٍ‬ ‫ت‬
‫ﺛَﻼثُ ﺳَ ﯾﱠﺎرَ ا ٍ‬ ‫‪3-10‬‬
‫ب‬
‫أَرْ ﺑَﻌَ ُﺔ ُﻛ ُﺗ ٍ‬ ‫ت‬
‫أَرْ َﺑ ُﻊ ﺳَ ﯾﱠﺎرَ ا ٍ‬ ‫‪(Mudhaf -‬‬
‫ب‬
‫ﻋَ ﺷْرَ ةُ ُﻛ ُﺗ ٍ‬ ‫ت‬
‫ﻋَ ْﺷ ُر ﺳَ ﯾﱠﺎرَ ا ٍ‬ ‫)‪MI‬‬
 ‫‪Counting 11-12‬‬
‫‪Feminine‬‬ ‫‪Masculine‬‬
‫إﺣْ دَ ﻋَ ﺷَرَ َة‬ ‫أﺣَ دَ ﻋَ ﺷَرَ‬ ‫‪11‬‬
‫ِا ْﺛ َﻧﺗَﺎ ﻋَ ﺷَرَ َة‬ ‫ِا ْﺛﻧَﺎ ﻋَ ﺷَرَ‬ ‫‪12‬‬

‫ِﻛﺗَﺎبٌ‬ ‫ﺳَ ﯾﱠﺎرَ ةٌ‬

‫أﺣَ دَ ﻋَ ﺷَرَ ِﻛﺗَﺎﺑًﺎ‬ ‫إﺣْ دَ ﻋَ ﺷَرَ َة ﺳَ ﯾﱠﺎرَ ًة‬ ‫‪Counting‬‬
‫ِا ْﺛﻧَﺎ ﻋَ ﺷَرَ ِﻛﺗَﺎﺑًﺎ‬ ‫ِا ْﺛ َﻧﺗَﺎ ﻋَ ﺷَرَ َة ﺳَ ﯾﱠﺎرَ ًة‬
 ‫‪Counting 13-19‬‬
‫ﺛَﻼثَ ﻋَ ﺷَرَ َة‬ ‫ﺛَﻼ َﺛ َﺔ ﻋَ ﺷَرَ‬ ‫‪13‬‬
‫أرْ ﺑَﻊَ ﻋَ ﺷَرَ َة‬ ‫أرْ ﺑَﻌَ َﺔ ﻋَ ﺷَرَ‬ ‫‪14‬‬
‫ﺗِﺳْ ﻊَ ﻋَ ﺷَرَ َة‬ ‫ﺗِﺳْ ﻌَ َﺔ ﻋَ ﺷَرَ‬ ‫‪19‬‬

‫ِﻛﺗَﺎبٌ‬ ‫ﺳَ ﯾﱠﺎرَ ةٌ‬

‫ﺛَﻼ َﺛ َﺔ ﻋَ ﺷَرَ ِﻛﺗَﺎﺑًﺎ‬ ‫ﺛَﻼثَ ﻋَ ﺷَرَ َة ﺳَ ﯾﱠﺎرَ ًة‬ ‫‪Counting‬‬
‫ﺗِﺳْ ﻌَ َﺔ ﻋَ ﺷَرَ ِﻛﺗَﺎﺑًﺎ‬ ‫ﺗِﺳْ ﻊَ ﻋَ ﺷَرَ َة ﺳَ ﯾﱠﺎرَ ًة‬
 ‫)‪Counting 20-90 (tens‬‬
‫ﺧَ ْﻣﺳ ُْونَ‬ ‫‪50‬‬ ‫ﻋِ ْﺷر ُْونَ‬ ‫‪20‬‬
‫ﺳِ ﺗ ْﱡونَ‬ ‫‪60‬‬ ‫ﺛَﻼﺛ ُْونَ‬ ‫‪30‬‬
‫ﺗِﺳْ ﻌ ُْونَ‬ ‫‪90‬‬ ‫أرْ َﺑﻌ ُْونَ‬ ‫‪40‬‬

‫ِﻛﺗَﺎبٌ‬ ‫ﺳَ ﯾﱠﺎرَ ةٌ‬

‫ﺛَﻼﺛ ُْونَ ِﻛﺗَﺎﺑًﺎ‬ ‫ﺛَﻼﺛ ُْونَ ﺳَ ﯾﱠﺎرَ ًة‬ ‫‪Counting‬‬
‫ﺗِﺳْ ﻌ ُْونَ ِﻛﺗَﺎﺑًﺎ‬ ‫ﺗِﺳْ ﻌ ُْونَ ﺳَ ﯾﱠﺎرَ ًة‬
 ‫‪Counting 21&22 - 91&92‬‬
‫‪Feminine‬‬ ‫‪Masculine‬‬
‫َواﺣِدَ ةٌ َوﻋِ ْﺷر ُْونَ‬ ‫َوا ِﺣ ٌد َوﻋِ ْﺷر ُْونَ‬ ‫)‪21(R‬‬
‫إ ْﺛ َﻧﺗَﺎ ِن َوﻋِ ْﺷر ُْونَ‬ ‫إ ْﺛﻧَﺎ ِن َوﻋِ ْﺷر ُْونَ‬ ‫)‪22 (R‬‬
‫َواﺣِدَ ةٌ َوﺛ ََﻼﺛ ُْونَ‬ ‫َوا ِﺣ ٌد َوﺛ ََﻼﺛ ُْونَ‬ ‫)‪31 (R‬‬
‫إ ْﺛ َﻧ َﺗ ْﯾ ِن َوﺛ ََﻼ ِﺛﯾْنَ‬ ‫إ ْﺛ َﻧ ْﯾ ِن َوﺛ ََﻼ ِﺛﯾْنَ‬ ‫)‪32 (N/J‬‬
‫َواﺣِدَ ةٌ َوﯾِﺳْ ﻌ ُْونَ‬ ‫َوا ِﺣ ٌد َوﯾِﺳْ ﻌ ُْونَ‬ ‫‪91‬‬
‫إ ْﺛ َﻧﺗَﺎ ِن َوﯾِﺳْ ﻌ ُْونَ‬ ‫إ ْﺛﻧَﺎ ِن َوﯾِﺳْ ﻌ ُْونَ‬ ‫‪92‬‬
 ‫‪Counting 21&22 - 91&92‬‬
‫ِﻛﺗَﺎبٌ‬ ‫ﺳَ ﯾﱠﺎرَ ةٌ‬
‫َوا ِﺣ ٌد َوﻋِ ْﺷر ُْونَ ِﻛﺗَﺎﺑًﺎ‬ ‫َواﺣِدَ ةٌ َوﻋِ ْﺷر ُْونَ ﺳَ ﯾﱠﺎرَ ًة‬ ‫‪Counting‬‬
‫إ ْﺛﻧَﺎ ِن َوﯾِﺳْ ﻌ ُْونَ ِﻛﺗَﺎﺑًﺎ‬ ‫إ ْﺛ َﻧﺗَﺎ ِن َوﯾِﺳْ ﻌ ُْونَ ﺳَ ﯾﱠﺎرَ ًة‬
 ‫‪Counting 23-29 to 93-99‬‬
‫ﺛَﻼ َﺛ ٌﺔ َوﻋِ ْﺷر ُْونَ‬ ‫ﺛَﻼثٌ َوﻋِ ْﺷر ُْونَ‬ ‫‪23‬‬
‫أَرْ ﺑَﻌَ ٌﺔ َوﻋِ ْﺷر ُْونَ‬ ‫أَرْ َﺑ ٌﻊ َوﻋِ ْﺷر ُْونَ‬ ‫‪24‬‬
‫ﺗِﺳْ ﻌَ ٌﺔ َوﻋِ ْﺷر ُْونَ‬ ‫ﺗِﺳْ ٌﻊ َوﻋِ ْﺷر ُْونَ‬ ‫‪29‬‬
‫ﺧَ ﻣْﺳَ ٌﺔ َوﺗِﺳْ ﻌُونَ‬ ‫ﺧَ ﻣْ سٌ َوﺗِﺳْ ﻌُونَ‬ ‫‪95‬‬
‫ﺳِ ﱠﺗ ٌﺔ َوﺗِﺳْ ﻌُونَ‬ ‫ﺳِ تﱞ َوﺗِﺳْ ﻌُونَ‬ ‫‪96‬‬
‫ﺗِﺳْ ﻌَ ٌﺔ َوﺗِﺳْ ﻌُونَ‬ ‫ﺗِﺳْ ٌﻊ َوﺗِﺳْ ﻌُونَ‬ ‫‪99‬‬
 ‫‪Counting 23-29 to 93-99‬‬
‫ِﻛﺗَﺎبٌ‬ ‫ﺳَ ﯾﱠﺎرَ ةٌ‬
‫ﺛَﻼ َﺛ ٌﺔ َوﻋِ ْﺷر ُْونَ ِﻛﺗَﺎﺑًﺎ‬ ‫ﺛَﻼثٌ َوﻋِ ْﺷر ُْونَ ﺳَ ﯾﱠﺎرَ ًة‬ ‫‪Counting‬‬
‫ﺗِﺳْ ﻌَ ٌﺔ َوﺗِﺳْ ﻌُونَ ِﻛﺗَﺎﺑًﺎ‬ ‫ﺗِﺳْ ٌﻊ َوﺗِﺳْ ﻌُونَ ﺳَ ﯾﱠﺎرَ ًة‬
 ‫‪Counting 100’s & 1000’s‬‬
‫ب‬
‫ِﻣ َﺋ ُﺔ ِﻛﺗَﺎ ٍ‬ ‫ِﻣ َﺋ ُﺔ ﺳَ ﯾﱠﺎرَ ٍة‬ ‫ِﻣ َﺋ ٌﺔ‬ ‫‪100‬‬
‫ب‬
‫ِﻣ َﺋﺗَﺎ ِﻛﺗَﺎ ٍ‬ ‫ِﻣ َﺋﺗَﺎ ﺳَ ﯾﱠﺎرَ ٍة‬ ‫ِﻣ َﺋﺗَﺎ ِن‬ ‫‪200‬‬
‫ب‬
‫ت ِﻛﺗَﺎ ِ‬ ‫ﺛَﻼ َﺛ ُﺔ ِﻣ َﺋ ِ‬ ‫ت ﺳَ ﯾﱠﺎرَ ٍة‬ ‫ﺛَﻼثُ ِﻣ َﺋ ِ‬
‫ت \ َﺛﻼَ ُﺛ ِﻣ َﺋ ٍﺔ‬
‫ﺛَﻼثُ ِﻣ َﺋ ٍ‬ ‫‪300‬‬
‫ت ِﻛﺗَﺎﺑًﺎ‬
‫ﺛَﻼ َﺛ ُﺔ ِﻣ َﺋ ٍ‬ ‫ت ﺳَ ﯾﱠرَ ًة‬
‫ﺛَﻼثُ ِﻣ َﺋ ٍ‬
‫ب‬
‫أﻟْفُ ِﻛﺗَﺎ ٍ‬ ‫أﻟْفُ ﺳَ ﯾﱠﺎرَ ٍة‬ ‫أﻟْفٌ‬ ‫‪1000‬‬
‫ب‬
‫أ ْﻟﻔَﺎ ِﻛﺗَﺎ ٍ‬ ‫أ ْﻟﻔَﺎ ﺳَ ﯾﱠﺎرَ ٍة‬ ‫أ ْﻟﻔَﺎ ِن‬ ‫‪2000‬‬
 ‫‪Counting 100’s & 1000’s‬‬

‫ت‬
‫ﺛ ََﻼ َﺛ ُﺔ َآﻻفِ ِﻛﺗَﺎ ٍ‬ ‫ﺛ ََﻼثُ َآﻻفِ ﺳَ ﯾﱠﺎرَ ٍة‬ ‫ف‬
‫ﺛ ََﻼثُ َآﻻ ٍ‬ ‫‪3000‬‬
‫ت‬
‫ﺧَ ﻣْﺳَ ُﺔ َآﻻفِ ِﻛﺗَﺎ ٍ‬ ‫ﺧَ ﻣْ سُ َآﻻفِ ﺳَ ﯾﱠﺎرَ ٍة‬ ‫ف‬
‫ﺧَ ﻣْ سُ َآﻻ ٍ‬ ‫‪5000‬‬
‫ب‬
‫ﺧَ ﻣْ ﺳُونَ أﻟْفَ ﺳَ ﯾﱠﺎرَ ٍة ﺧَ ﻣْ ﺳُونَ أﻟْفَ ِﻛﺗَﺎ ٍ‬ ‫ﺧَ ﻣْ ﺳُونَ أ ْﻟﻔًﺎ‬ ‫‪50000‬‬
‫ف‬
‫ِﻣ َﺋ َﺔ أ ْﻟ ٍ‬ ‫‪100000‬‬
 Ordinal Numbers
ٌ‫ﺛَﺎﻣِن‬ ٌ‫رَ ا ِﺑ ٌﻊ ﺳَ ﺎدِس‬ ٌ‫ﺛَﺎﻟِث‬ ‫ﺛَﺎ ٍن‬ ‫أَوﱠ ل‬
8th 6th 4th 3rd 2nd 1st
❖ Only 1st one is Ism Tafdeel because 1st
one is always extreem & Superlative
❖ Rest of them are ‫اﺳم ﻓﺎﻋل‬
❖ All of them Server as adjective
 ‫‪Fractions‬‬
‫ُﺛﻣُنٌ‬ ‫ُر ُﺑ ٌﻊ ُﺧﻣُسٌ ُﺳدُسٌ‬ ‫ُﺛﻠُﺛﺎ ِن‬ ‫ُﺛﻠُثٌ‬ ‫ﻧِﺻْ فٌ‬
‫‪1/8‬‬ ‫‪1/6‬‬ ‫‪1/5‬‬ ‫‪1/4‬‬ ‫‪2/3‬‬ ‫‪1/3‬‬ ‫‪1/2‬‬
‫‪Each pattern‬‬
‫ﺳُدَ اسَ‬ ‫ُﺧﻣَﺎسَ‬ ‫ُرﺑَﺎعَ‬ ‫ﺛ َُﻼثَ‬ ‫َﻣ ْﺛﻧ َٰﻰ‬
‫‪6 each 5 each 4 each 3 each 2 each‬‬
‫اﻟﺗﱠﻌَ ﺟﱡ ب‬
 ‫اﻟﺘﱠﻌَﺠﱡ ﺐ‬
❖ ‫ اﻟﺗﱠﻌَ ﺟﱡ ب‬means “Amazement” / “Shock”
❖ There are template for this kind of Expression
❖ The ‫ ﺻِ ﯾﻎَ اﻟﺗﱠﻌَ ﺟﱡ ت‬are -
■ َ‫ﻧِﻌْ َم & ِﺑﺋْس‬
◆ Always followed by Rafa right after
them
◆ ُ‫ ﻧِﻌْ َم اﻟﺛ َﱠواب‬- What an amazing reward!!!
◆ ُ‫ ِﺑﺋْسَ اﻟﺛ َﱠواب‬- What an terrible reward!!!
 ‫اﻟﺘﱠﻌَﺠﱡ ﺐ‬
❖ The next pair of ‫ ﺻِ ﯾﻎَ اﻟﺗﱠﻌَ ﺟﱡ ت‬are -
■ ‫ﺣَ ﺳُنَ & ﺳَ ﺎ َء‬
◆ They only conjugate in 2 ways
■ ‫ﺣَ ﺳُنَ \ ﺣَ ُﺳﻧَتْ & ﺳَ ﺎءَ\ﺳَ ﺎءَت‬
◆ They has a ‫ﻓﺎﻋل & َﺗ ْﻣﯾِﯾز‬
◆ ‫ ﺣَ ﺳُنَ ﻣُﻌَ ﻠﱢﻣًﺎ‬- how wonderfu he is as a teacher!!!
◆ ‫ ﺣَ ﺳُنَ اﻟرﱠ ُﺟ ُل ﻗﺎ ِﺋدًا‬- how wonderful the man is as a Leader!!!
◆ ‫ ﺳَ ﺎ َء ﻣُﻌَ ﻠﱢﻣًﺎ‬- how terrible he is as a teacher!!!
 ‫اﻟﺘﱠﻌَﺠﱡ ﺐ‬
‫‪❖ The next pair of Templates are -‬‬
‫أَ ْﻓ ِﻌ ْل ِﺑ ِﮫ‬ ‫ﻣَﺎ أَﻓْﻌَ َﻠ ُﮫ‬
‫ﻣَﺎ أَ ْﻛﺑَرَ هُ‬
‫أَﺑْﺻِ رْ ِﺑ ِﮫ‬
‫ﻣَﺎ أﺟْ َﻣ َﻠﮭَﺎ‬
‫أﺳْ ﻣِﻊْ ِﺑ ِﮫ‬
‫ﻣَﺎ أﻛْ ﻔَرَ هُ‬
‫أﻋْ ﻠِ ْم ِﺑ ِﮫ‬
‫ﻣَﺎ أﺣْ َﻛ َم اﻟ ِﻛﺗَﺎبَ‬
‫أ ْﻓ ِﮭ ْم ِﺑ ِﮫ‬
‫ﻣَﺎ أﺻْ ﺑَرَ ُھ ْم ﻋَ ﻠَﻰ اﻟﻧَﺎرِ‬
 ‫اﻟﺘﱠﻌَﺠﱡ ﺐ‬
‫➔‬ ‫ﺣَ ﺳْ ُﺑﻧَﺎ ﷲُ َوﻧِﻌْ َم اﻟ َْوﻛِﯾ ُل‬
‫➔‬ ‫ﷲ‬
‫ت ِ‬ ‫ِﺑﺋْسَ َﻣ َﺛ ُل ا ْﻟﻘ َْومِ اﻟﱠذِﯾنَ َﻛ ﱠذﺑُو ْا ِﺑﺋَﺎ َﯾ ِ‬
‫➔‬ ‫ِﺑﺋْﺳَ ﻣَﺎ ا ْﺷﺗَرَ ْوا ِﺑ ِﮫ أ ْﻧﻔُﺳَ ُﮭ ْم‬
‫➔‬ ‫ِﺑﺋْسَ ﻟِﻠ ﱠظﻠِﻣِﯾنَ ﺑَدَ ًﻻ‬
‫➔‬ ‫َﻓﺄ ُْوﻟٰ ﺋِكَ َﻣﺄ ْٰو ُھ ْم ﺟَ َﮭ ﱠﻧ ُم َوﺳَ ﺂءَتْ ﻣَﺻِ ﯾرً ا‬
‫➔‬ ‫َوﺣَ ﺳُنَ أ ُْو َٓلءِكَ رَ ﻓِﯾﻘًﺎ‬
 ‫اﻟﺘﱠﻌَﺠﱡ ﺐ‬
❖ The word ‫ ُﺳﺑْﺣَ ﺎن‬is also used for Amazement
❖ This expression consists of two components.
➢ The first is the word َ‫ ُﺳﺑْﺣَ ﺎن‬- always light &
Nasb
➢ The second word, the object of amazement,
acts as a Mudaf ilai
❖ This expression is only used for Allah, and
translates as “(we declare) the glory of Allah”
 Some Miscellaneous Expressions
❖ The word ‫ ﻋَ ﺳَ ﻰ‬is a ‫ ﻓﻌل‬and translated as
‘hopefully’ or ‘perhaps’.
❖ Generally followed by an outside ‫ﻓﺎﻋل‬
❖ Then followed by a an ْ‫ أن‬that attaches to a
Jumlah Filliyah
■ ‫ﻓَﻌَ ﺳَ ﻰ ﷲُ أنْ َﯾﺄْﺗِﻲَ ﺑِﺎ ْﻟ َﻔ ْﺗ ِﺢ‬
 Some Miscellaneous Expressions
❖ The word َ‫ ﻛَﺎد‬is a ‫ ﻓﻌل‬and translated as ‘Almost’
❖ Always followed by ‫ ﻓﻌل ﻣُﺿَ ﺎرِ ع‬directly after it
❖ The tense is determined by ‫ ﻛﺎد‬not by the other
‫ ﻓﻌل‬used
■ َ‫َوﻣَﺎ ﻛَﺎدُوا َﯾﻔْﻌَ ﻠُون‬
 Some Miscellaneous Expressions
❖ The word َ‫ طَ ﻔِق‬is a ‫ ﻓﻌل‬and translated as ‘To
Start immediately’ or ‘to start suddenly’
❖ Always followed by ‫ ﻓﻌل ﻣُﺿَ ﺎرِ ع‬directly after it
❖ Both of the ‫ ﻓﻌل‬must have same inside pronoun
■ ‫طَ ﻔِقَ ﯾَﻌْ َﻣ ُل‬
 Some Miscellaneous Expressions
❖ The word ‫ ﻟَوﻻ‬can be used in 2 ways
1. ‫ ﻟ َْو َﻻ‬can mean “Had it not been for”
➢ Had it not been for Allah’s help, we would
have been lost
➢ Has 2 part 1st part comes with ‫ & ﻟوﻻ‬second
part comes with ‫ل‬
➢ ‫ﷲ ﺳَ ﺑَقَ َﻟ َﻣ ﱠﺳ ُﻛ ْم ﻓِﯾﻣَﺎ أﺟَ ذْ ُﺗ ْم ﻋَ ذَ ابٌ ﻋَ ظِ ﯾ ٌم‬
ِ َ‫ﻟ َْو َﻻ ِﻛﺗَﺎبٌ ﻣِن‬
 Some Miscellaneous Expressions
2. ‫ ﻟ َْوﻻ‬can also mean “Why don’t/doesn’t”
➢ Why don’t they study everyday!
➢ There is only one part to this usage
➢ ‫َو َﯾﻘُوﻟُونَ ﻟ َْو َﻻ أُﻧْزِ َل ﻋَ ﻠَﯾ ِﮫ ءَا َﯾ ٌﺔ ﻣِنْ رﱠ ﱢﺑ ِﮫ‬
 Some Miscellaneous Expressions
❖ The word ‫ أﻣﱠﺎ‬mean “as for”
➢ As for my brother, he is a student.
➢ It is used to give detail on a specific subject
or topic.
➢ The subject or topic comes immediately
after ‫ أﻣﱠﺎ‬and the detail part comes after َ‫ف‬
➢ َ‫أﻣﱠﺎ اﻟ ﱠﺳﻔِﯾ َﻧ ُﺔ َﻓﻛَﺎﻧَتْ ﻟِﻣَﺳَ ﺎﻛِﯾن‬
 Some Miscellaneous Expressions
❖ ‫ﻣِنْ ﺑَﻌْ ُد \ ﻣِنْ َﻗ ْﺑ ُل‬
➢ They are special mudhaf but also can come
without being mudhaf and act as non
flexible Used with ‫ ﻣِن‬for more emphasis
❖ ُ‫ﻣِنْ ﺣَ ﯾْث‬
➢ ُ‫ ﺣَ ﯾْث‬means where/wherever
➢ It’s non flexible and Used with ‫ ﻣِن‬for more
emphasis
‫إﻋراب‬
 ‫ﻣَﺮْ ﻓُﻮع ‪ to be‬اﺳﻢ ‪Reason for‬‬
‫‪1.‬‬ ‫ُﻣ ْﺑﺗَدَ ا‬
‫‪2.‬‬ ‫ﷲُ أﻛْ َﺑ ُر ‪ - e.g.‬ﺟَ ﺑَر‬
‫‪3.‬‬ ‫ﺧَ ﻠَقَ ﷲُ ُﻛ ﱠل ﺷَﻲ ٍء ‪ - e.g.‬ﻓَﺎﻋِ ل‬
‫‪4.‬‬ ‫ُﺧﻠَقَ اﻹﻧْﺳَ ﺎنُ ﻣِنْ طِ ْﯾ ِن ‪ - e.g.‬ﻧَﺎﺋِبُ اﻟ َﻔﻌِل‬
‫‪5.‬‬ ‫ﻛَﺎنَ اﻟﺑَﺎبُ َﻣ ْﻔﺗُوﺣً ﺎ ‪ - e.g.‬اﺳْ َم ﻛَﺎنَ‬
‫‪6.‬‬ ‫ﷲ ﻏَ ﻔُو ٌر ‪ - e.g.‬ﺟَ َﺑ ُر إنﱠ‬‫إنﱠ َ‬

‫ﺗَﺎﺑِﻊ***‬
 ‫ﻣَﺠْ ﺮُور ‪ to be‬اﺳﻢ ‪Reason for‬‬
‫ﺣَ رْ فُ ﺟَ رّ ‪1. After‬‬
‫ﻣُﺿﺎفٌ إﻟَﯾ ِﮫ ‪2.‬‬
‫ﺗَﺎﺑِﻊ***‬

‫ﺑِﺳْ مِ ٱ ِ ٱﻟرﱠ ﺣْ َٰﻣ ِن ٱﻟرﱠ ﺣِﯾمِ‬

 ‫َﻣ ْﻨﺼُﻮب ‪ to be‬اﺳﻢ ‪Reason for‬‬
‫‪1.‬‬ ‫ﷲ ﻏَ ﻔُو ٌر ‪ - e.g.‬اﺳْ ُم إنﱠ‬ ‫إنﱠ َ‬
‫‪2.‬‬ ‫ﻛَﺎنَ اﻟﺑَﺎبُ َﻣ ْﻔﺗُوﺣً ﺎ ‪ - e.g.‬ﺟَ َﺑ ُر ﻛَﺎنَ‬
‫‪3.‬‬ ‫ﻣَﺎ ٰھذَ ا َﺑﺷَرً ا ‪ - e.g.‬ﺧَ َﺑ ُر ﻣَﺎ‬
‫‪4.‬‬ ‫ﻻ رَ ﯾْبَ ﻓِﯾ ِﮫ ‪ - e.g.‬اﺳْ ُم ﻻ‬
‫‪5.‬‬ ‫ﯾَﺎ رَ ﱠﺑﻧَﺎ ‪ُ - e.g.‬ﻣﻧ َٰﺎد ﻣُﺿَ ﺎف‬
‫‪6.‬‬ ‫ﺿَ رَ ﺑْتُ زَ ْﯾدًا ‪َ - e.g.‬ﻣ ْﻔﻌُول ِﺑ ِﮫ‬
‫ﺿَ رَ ْﺑ ُﺗ ُﮫ َﻟﯾ ًْﻼ أﻣَﺎ َم اﻟﻣَﺳْ ِﺟ ِد ‪َ - e.g.‬ﻣ ْﻔﻌُول ﻓِﯾ ِﮫ ‪7.‬‬
 ‫َﻣ ْﻨﺼُﻮب ‪ to be‬اﺳﻢ ‪Reason for‬‬
‫‪8.‬‬ ‫ﺿَ رَ ْﺑ ُﺗ ُﮫ َﺗﺄْدِﯾﺑًﺎ ‪َ - e.g.‬ﻣ ْﻔﻌُول َﻟ ُﮫ‬
‫‪9.‬‬ ‫ﺿَ رَ ْﺑ ُﺗ ُﮫ َو ﺣَ ﺎ ِﻣدًا ‪َ - e.g.‬ﻣ ْﻔﻌُول ﻣَﻌَ ُﮫ‬
‫‪10.‬‬ ‫ﺿَ رَ ْﺑ ُﺗ ُﮫ ﺿَ رْ ﺑًﺎ ‪َ - e.g.‬ﻣ ْﻔﻌُول ﻣُطْ ﻠَق‬
‫‪11.‬‬ ‫ﺣَ ﺿَ رَ اﻟط ﱠﱡﻼبُ ُﻛﻠﱡ ُﮭ ْم ﱠإﻻ ﺣَ ﺎ ِﻣدًا ‪ - e.g.‬ﻣُﺳْ َﺗ ْﺛﻧ َٰﻰ ﺑ ﱠِﺈﻻ‬
‫‪12.‬‬ ‫ﺗَرَ ﻛُوكَ ﻗَﺎ ِﺋﻣًﺎ ‪ - e.g.‬ﺣَ ﺎل‬
‫‪13.‬‬ ‫إﻧﱢﻲ رَ أﯾْتُ أﺣَ دَ ﻋَ ﺷَرَ ﻛ َْو َﻛﺑًﺎ ‪َ - e.g.‬ﺗ ْﻣﯾِﯾز‬
‫ﺗَﺎﺑِﻊ***‬
‫اﻟﺑَدَ ل‬
 ‫اﻟﺒَﺪَل‬
❖ ‫ اﻟﺑَدَ ل‬literally means “Substitute”
■ E.g. I saw your brother Karim.
❖ Grammatically they have to match 4 properties
 Types of ‫ﺑَﺪَل‬
1. ‫ ﺑَدَ ُل اﻟﻛُل‬- When both are referring to the same entity
◆ ‫اھ ِدﻧَــــﺎ اﻟﺻﱢرَ اطَ اﻟﻣُﺳ َﺗﻘِﯾ َم ﺻِ رَ اطَ اﻟﱠذِﯾنَ أَﻧﻌَ ﻣتَ ﻋَ ﻠَﯾ ِﮭ ْم‬
2. ‫ ﺑَدَ ُل اﻟﺑَﻌْ ض‬- When a word is replaced by a part of it
◆ ‫ﻗُمِ اﻟﻠﱠ ْﯾ َل ﻧِﺻْ َﻔ ُﮫ‬
3. ‫ ﺑَدَ ُل اﻻِ ْﺷ ِﺗﻣَﺎل‬- When one thing is replaced with a
subject related to it
◆ ‫ﯾَﺳْ َﺋﻠُوﻧَكَ ﻋَ ِن اﻟ ﱠﺷﮭْرِ اﻟْﺣَ رَ امِ ِﻗﺗَﺎلٍ ﻓِﯾ ِﮫ‬
‫ﺗ ََواﺑِﻊ‬
 ‫ﺗَﻮَاﺑِﻊ‬
❖ Some Ism doesn’t have any Status by themself
and follow some other word for the status.
❖ They are called ‫ﺗَﺎﺑِﻊ‬
❖ The word they follow is called ‫َﻣ ْﺗﺑُوع‬
❖ There are 4 of them -
 ‫ﺗَﻮَاﺑِﻊ‬
‫َﻣ ْﺗﺑُوع ‪ - Always follow Mausuf as‬ﺿِ ﻔَﺔ ‪1.‬‬
‫اﻟﺻﱢرَ اطَ اﻟﻣُﺳْ َﺗﻘِﯾ َم ✓‬
‫‪ - Emphasis‬ﺗَﺎﻛِﯾد ‪2.‬‬
‫ﺟَ ﺎ َءﻧِﻰ اﻟط ﱠﱡﻼبُ ُﻛﻠﱡ ُﮭ ْم ✓‬
‫‪ - Substitute - Always follow Mubdal‬ﺑَدَ ل ‪3.‬‬
‫اھ ِدﻧَــــﺎ اﻟﺻﱢرَ اطَ اﻟﻣُﺳ َﺗﻘِﯾ َم ﺻِ رَ اطَ اﻟﱠذِﯾنَ أَﻧﻌَ ﻣتَ ﻋَ ﻠَﯾ ِﮭ ْم ✓‬
‫ﻣَﻌْ طُوف ﻋَ ﻠَﯾ ِﮫ ‪ - Always follow‬ﻣَﻌْ طُوف ‪4.‬‬
‫ﺟَ ﺎ َءﻧِﻲ زَ ْﯾ ٌد َو ﺣَ ﺎ ِﻣ ٌد ✓‬
 ‫ ﻋﻄﻒ‬in Arabic
1. ‫ و‬- And - is the most common and does not
imply any particular order.
2. َ‫ ف‬- And/Then - indicates order
3. ‫ ُﺛﻣﱠﺎ‬- And/Then - indicates order but has delay
4. ‫ أ ْم‬- has two meanings.
a. If appears in a question - translated as ‘or’
b. Otherwise, it is translated as ‘whether’
5. ‫ ْأو‬- or - but never comes in question
 ‫ ﻋﻄﻒ‬in Arabic
6. ‫ إﻣﱠﺎ‬- Either - used when two options are given
7. ‫ ﺣَ تﱠ‬- Until
8. ‫ ﻻ‬- nor
9. ْ‫ َﻟﻛِن‬- However - connect the wrong statement
to the correct one
10. ‫ َﺑ ْل‬- rather - connect the wrong statement to
the correct one