Instructor’s Solutions Manual para acompanhar LAURENCE D. HOFFMANN & GERALD L. BRADLEY CALCULO Oe: Savas Prepared by Cindy Trimble & AssociatesInstructor’s Solutions Manual para acompanhar Calculo Um Curso Moderno e Suas Aplicacgées 9? Edicao Laurence D. Hoffmann Solomon Smith Barney Gerald L. Bradley Claremont McKenna College Prepared by Cindy Trimble & Associates ey Higher Education Boston Burr Ridge, IL Dubuque, A Madison, WI New York San Francisco St. Louis Bangkok Bogota Caracas Kuala Lumpur Lisbon London Madrid Mexico City Milan Montreal New Delhi Santiago Seoul Singapore Sydney Taipei Torontoaac Instructor's Solutions Manual o accompany CALCULUS: FOR BUSINESS, ECONOMICS, AND THF SOCIAL AND LIFE SCIENCES, NINTH EDITION, LAURENCE D. HOFFMANN AND GERALD L. BRADILY Published by Meciraw-Hill Higher Education, a inpint of The McGraw-Hill Companies ne, 1221 Avenue ofthe Amerie New York, NY 10020. Copyright © 2007 by The MeCiraw-Hill Companies Inc All ighs reserved The contents, or prs thereof, may be reproduced in print frm soley for classtoom use with CALCULUS FOR BUSINESS, ECONOMICS, AND THE SOCIAL AND LIFE SCIENCES, BRIEF NINTH EDITION provided sich reproduction bea copyright otic, but may othe reproduced in any eer form o for anyother purpose without the prio ween consent of The MeGraw-Hil Companies, ic, inshuding, ut ot limited, in any netork or othe electronic storage or ransmision, or broadcast fr distance learning ® swisvookis prin on et ace paper ong 10% otonsumer wae 1234567890qRDQRDO98765 Isms omnanaosesa ISBN-10: 0.07-32572861 wo me comContents Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 34 83 135 172 224 268Chapter 1 Functions, Graphs, and Limits 1.1 Functions 2 he) =(2+03 W(-1)=(-2419 W(0)=(041 =1 -h(l)=(241 =27 4 f= x 0 (0) = JOT 6 gt g(0)=(0+1)9? = gD= (14D? (8) =(8+1)9? = (5) =27 8 g(xr)=4+|s| [-ax+4 if xsi 1 W121 in aot (0) =0+4= (3) = (-2)(-3) +4 = 10 12, Since x? =1=0for x=41, flu) is defined only for x # tL and the domain does not consist of the real numbers. 14, The square root function only makes sense for non-negative numbers. Since +120 for all real numbers ¢ the domain of A(t) = Ve? +1 consists of all real numbers. ‘The domain consists of all reals. 41 18. f( 1-2-0241) 20 ifee—lands #2. 20, his) =Vs? —4 is defined only if s?—42Oor equivalently (s-2ys+2)20 ‘This occurs when the factors (5 ~2) and (5+2)are zero or have the same sign. This happens when s>2 or s$—2 and these values of s form the domain of h Pe fluyrw +4 P(x-N=(r- 1)? +45 z fu) =Qu+ 10)? F(e-5)=[20--5)+10P (2x-10+10 28. f(u)= 2 AG) coy 30. For f(x)=2x+3, St h)~ FO) Qe +h) 43)-Q2x+3) h h 2x4+2h4+3-2x-3 hk “alyChapter 1. Functions, Graphs, and Limits 32. For f(x)=4x-37, fxthy- fe) _4h-2hy-hP h =4-29-h 34. f= +1, g(0) f(g) = (1-2) +1 22x42 and -(7 +1 2 g(f(9) means 2 So f(g) va 2ee 2x? = 2x4 Paxtl=0 but, by the quadratic formula, this fast equation has no solutions 36. fg) ex L 4 sf) = 24h 2x41 24x _4x-1 $0 f(g) = gfe) means T= Clearing denominators, multip| cotlecting terms gives (2+. Qx41)=(4x-I4-2) 2x? 45x42=—4x2 4170-4 6x? 12x +6 = 6(x? 2x41) =6(x-1? =0 The last equation has solution x =1 which is in the domains of f(g(x))and g(f(x) Thus (g(x) = g(f(2) only forx =! P45 FO) Pet = (et 45227 $246 40. a, 46. 48, 50, 52. (@) C(q)= 4° 304 f(x) =Qx- 6) #43) =[200+3)-6F 2x +66)" a4 Poya3e+2 x 7(4)-0(2}+4 3 y2e x) OR) TAS f(x) =2x-26 SOF = 2x49) = Ax = 2x? -4x-2 Fx) = (8 3? +12) awa Wx) =25 3x? +12, f(x) =V3x—5 can be written as g[h(x)] with g(u) = Ju and h(x) =3x-5. 1 Slay= Vera ~ a(t) = Vir (re ay Nxy=xtd 400g +500 Where q is the number of units. Thus ceo = (20)5 -30(20)? + 400(20) + 500 = $4,500, (b) The cost of manufacturing the 20" unit is €(20)—c419) 500 -| (499° 3019)? + 400(19) +500] ,500~4,129 =$371Chapter 1. Functions, Graphs, and Limits 3 54. (a) C(Q=— + 41+ 10 degrees Celsius, where represents the number of hours after midnight. 6 2? Thus ¢= 2 at 2:00 A.M. and c@)=-2 +4 Q)-10-175, (b) The difference in temperature between 6:00 P.x. (¢=18) and 9:00 P.M. (¢=21) is 1 2 f 2 cean-cusy=| 2 szansio} | 1408) 0] -20!an= 56. (a) T(n)=3+ ‘The domain consists of all real numbers n #0 (because of the denominator). (b) Since n represents the number of trials, m is a positive integer, like m= 1, 2, 3, (©) For the third trial n= thus 7(3) +127 minutes, 3 @) 707)s4, 903+ 2542 <1 orn=12 non (©) = gets smaller and smaller asn increases. Thus +250 as n> 20 and Tin) gets closer and 7 n closer to 3. No, the rat will never be able to traverse the maze in less than 3 minutes. 600%. 300-x ‘The domain consist of all x #300, since denominators must not go to 0. 58, (a) W(x) = (b) x represents a percentage, so 0< x #300, so that T(x) 2 0, or better, 0< x <100, since books need not be distributed to more than the rural population, (©) Ifx=50, 17(50) = 0% _ 2, 300-50 600(100) (@)_ With x =100, 17(100) = 200009) _ cae (109 = 390-100 (©) With W(x) =150, 600%4 Chapter 1. Functions, Graphs, and Limits 60. (a) N =91.2/300"7 ~ 1.42 elk per square kilometer. (b) NV =91.2/m°? <1 when m>91.2'"73 = 484.088. An animal of this species has an average mass of at least 48 kg. (©) Let A denote the area, in square kilometers, of the reserve. If the second species has average 100 since “ is the number of animals per square kilometer. The first mass m, then O73 4 mi species has average mass 2m and so the estimated number per square kilometer is 92 91.2 100 _ 60.29 Bm PIB _VTS Wg A Since there are A square kilometers on the reserve, there are approximately 60 of the heavier species. 62. (a) H()=-160? +256 H(2)=~16(2)? +256 =192 feet ) During the third second, the ball travels H(2)~HG)=192 -[ -16G)? + 256] =80 feet. (©) H(0)=256 feet. (@) H()=0 when ~1677 +256 =0, 161? = 256 (Disregard T= —4). 64. (a) C(g)=4? +4 +900 and gts) = 251, thus Clq(s)] = C(251) = (251)? + 251 + 900 = 62517 + 251 +900, (b) For 1=3, C[q(3)] = 62503)” + 25(3) + 900 = $6,600. (©) 62577 +251+900 6251? +251 -10,100=0 Divide by 25 to get smaller numbers, then 25¢? +1404 = (251+ 101¢—4) = 0 oF = 4 hours, 01 1,000 Disregard ¢ 66. (a) R(x) = xD(x) = x(-0.37¥447)=—0.37x7 +47 P(x) = R(x) C(x) = (-0.37x? + 47x) —(1.38x? +15.15x +1 15.5) == 1.752? 431.85" 115.568. 70. 2. 74. Chapter 1. Functions, Graphs, and Limits {hb} Since P(x) =-1.75x? +31.85x-115.5, (a) R(x) = xD(x) = x(-0.09. +51 P(x) = R(x) - Cl) the quadratic formula tells us P(x)=0 when x= number of x values, ot by graphing the function, it and x=13.2. By evaluating P(x)ata sy to see that P(x) > 0, that is the commodity is profitable, for $< ¥<13.2 0.09x? + 51x 09x? + Sx —(132x7 + 117+ 101 Ay= 1d Lx? +39.3x-101.4 (b) Since P(x) =-1.41x? +39.3x-101.4, the quadratic formula tells us P(x) =O when x ~ 2.8 and a-intercepts += 25.0. By evaluating P(x) at a number of x values, is easy to see that P(x) > 0, that is, the. commodity is profitable for 2.8 <.x< 25.0, = 2x4 lds x ‘numbers x such that x#—2. £0) VET, gtx) (4.8) = 23.8 ~3.90 (a) is not defined when x3 ~2x-+4=0. Graphing this polynomial and looking for This could also have been found by inspection. The domain is all g(/(4.8)) = g(3.90) =3.90° =1.3 = 58.02 CEL i 2yr | a ; YearSector | ptetie | pritte | Publ | prae 1988, 0.924 | 0974 | 0.985 | 0.936 | 1989 ogss9 | 1.021 | 0.991 | 1001 | 1990 1.000 [1,000 | 1.000 | 1,000 1991 1.067 1.008 LOL 1.033 1992 1.227 1.010 1.069 1.061 1993 1.160 1.050 1,104 1.103, 1994 129 | 10 [| 1140 | 1.130 1995, 1.264 Luh 1.164 4.160 1996 1.356, Li 1.186 1.183 1997 1.391 1.128 1.202 1.213 1998 L4l4 L176 1.240 1.252 1999 1412 L194 1.268 1.280 2000, 1419 1.198 1.283 1.305, 2001 4.456 1,209 1.276 1.323 2002 1.469 1.224 1.333 1.401 2003 L591 1.299 batt 1461 Average annual 0.044 0.022 0.028 0.035 increase u 5