This research is based on the theory of the middle-range MMM theory by Murrock and Higgins, The

theory discusses that music produces the psychological response of altered mood leading to improved
health outcomes including blood pressure, blood sugar and cardiovascular risk factor management, and
improved quality of life. Murrock and Higgins further discusses that according to the musical elements of
rhythm, melody, pitch, harmony, and interval there are psychological responses that are elicited once
music passes through the auditory cortex of the brain to process it and the right hemisphere of the brain
helps with response and cognitive recognition of music and in turn is able to modify the mood, leading
to various health outcomes.

This theory is relevant to the researcher’s study because it discusses that both body and mind can be
benefit from listening to music. it can also altered the mood that can be a factor to relieve and reduce
the stress which many students used in order to enhance their experiences and to cope with academic
stress.