Freedom of expression refers to the ability of an individual or group of individuals to express their beliefs,

thoughts, ideas, and emotions about different issues free from government censorship. 
crowdsourcing-the practice of obtaining information or input into a task or project by enlisting the services of a
large number of people, either paid or unpaid, typically via the internet.

Civil Journalism - Journalism that is conducted by people who are not professional journalists but who disseminate
information using Web sites, blogs, and social media.

Backpack journalism- is an emerging form of journalism that requires a journalist to be a reporter, photographer,
and videographer, as well as an editor and producer of stories.

Fuir function

information

entertainment

education

socialization

Some elements to consider in producing media and information materials include the following:

Audience and their Information needs.

Purpose for producing the media and information

materials.

Channels for communicating the message.

Sources of information.
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What are an Earthquakes?

An Earthquake (also known as a quake, tremor or temblor) is the perceptible shaking of the surface of the earth,
resulting the sudden release of energy in the earth’s crust that creates seismic waves

Ground Shaking/Ground Motion -Ground motion is the movement of the earth’s surface from earthquakes or
explosions. Ground motion is produced by waves that are generated by sudden slip on a fault or sudden pressure at
the explosive source and travel through the earth and along its surface.

Ground or Surface Rupture -Surface rupture is an offset of the ground surface when fault rupture extends to the
Earth’s surface. Any structure built across the fault is at risk of being torn apart as the two sides of the fault slip past
each other.

Liquefaction is a phenomenon in which the strength and stiffness of a soil is reduced by earthquake shaking or
other rapid loading. Liquefaction occurs in saturated soils, that is, soils in which the space between individual
particles is completely filled with water.

Subsidence, or lowering of the ground surface, often occurs during earthquakes. This may be due to downward
vertical displacement on one side of a fault, and can sometimes affect a huge area of land. Coastal areas can
become permanently flooded as a result.

A tsunami is a series of enormous ocean waves caused by earthquakes, underwater landslides, volcanic eruptions,
or asteroids. It can Cause flooding and disrupt transportation, power, communications, and the water supply.

A landslide is a mass movement of slope-forming materials outward and downward. Landslides are frequently
triggered by strong ground motions.

A sinkhole is a hole in the ground caused by the breakdown of surface rock by water.

 Hydrometeorological hazards are caused by extreme meteorological and climate events, such as floods,
droughts, hurricanes, tornadoes etc
A cyclone is a powerful low-pressure storm with strong spiral winds moving towards the center.

A typhoon is a giant, rotating storm that brings wind, rain, and destruction.
Tornadoes It is a rapidly whirling column of air that extends from a thunderstorm to the surface of the earth.
A thunderstorm is a type of weather that features lightning and thunder, as well as heavy rain from cumulonimbus clouds
with the possibility for a tornado.
Flash flood is a rapid flooding of geomorphic low-lying areas like washers, rivers, dry lakes and basins.
A flood is an overflow of water that submerges land that is usually dry.
Storm Surge is a rise of saltwater above normal sea level along the shore caused by weather elements including cyclonic
wind and atmospheric pressure.