FINAL ASESSMENT ITS410

NAME: NAZEYRA BT JAMALUDDIN

STUDENT ID: 2020996855
GROUP: CS2463A

QUESTION 1

a)

Primary
Business activities that are directly related to the
manufacture of products or service delivery to
customers.
1. Inbound logistic
All processes related to the reception,
storage and distribution of inputs for the
production process of a product or
service
2. Operations
All processes are related to converting
input into output
Secondary
Secondary activities are business activities that
help support the day to day operations of the
business and indirectly contribute to the products
or services of the organization.
1. Administration coordination & Support
activities
Administration and general management
for overall planning and control
2. Human resource management
Activities associated with recruiting,
training, developing, appraising,
promoting and rewarding of personnel

3. Outbound logistics 3. Product/technology development

All activities related to the distribution of Activities related to products and process
products or services to customers. development

4. Marketing and sales 4. Procurement

Activities that provide opportunities for Function responsible for purchasing

potential customers to purchase goods, services, and materials required as
products or services inputs for the production process

5. Customer

All process associated with provision of

service

b)

i) Organization doesn’t have a management planning control.

ii) Unable to address performance issues, develop employees and many more.

ii) Not able to expand their products/services.

QUESTION 2

a)

Type A Type B
Comparatively small IS provides Information for A large IS that support number of different WSs
WS but not part of the WS and might be larger than them.

Example: An MIS that collects production data Example: An airline reservation system used for
and generates a weekly production summary deciding what flights to take, booking
report for management. reservations, yield management calculations,
frequent flyer promotion and many more.

b)

Type B will be the suitable approach for a large-scale company that deals with several sub departments
and units. The reason is it has large information system (IS) to support other work systems that may be
information system. For example, in the company system can be used by all department because it has
different type of work station in the same information system.

c)

Combine Separated
May or may not involve information processing Comparatively small IS provides information for a
and may or may not be supported by IT. WS but is not part of it.
A static view of the current system or WS cannot operate efficiently because it is
recommendations in operation and a dynamic controlled by IS
view of how the system evolves over time.
To produce whatever value the outside customer
receives.
Comparatively small IS is a dedicated component
of a WS.
QUESTION 3
a)
Boulding’s Classification
1. Classify on the basis of complexity and
predictability.
If the predictability is DETERMINISTIC and
complexity is SIMPLE so the classification
is Simple Pulley (control: input).
If the predictability is DETERMINISTIC and
complexity is COMPLEX so the
classification is Air Traffic Control
(control: input).
If the predictability is PROBABILISTIC and
complexity is SIMPLE so the classification
is Quality Control (control: statistical).
If the predictability is PROBABILISTIC and
complexity is COMPLEX so the
classification is Business Firm (control:
cybernetics).
b)
1. Complex systems have feedback loops.
2. Complex systems are dynamic.
3. Complex system exhibits emergent properties.
c)
Characteristic
Feedback Loops
Dynamic
Exhibit emergent properties
Jordan’s Classification
1. Classify system through three organising
principles (change characteristic) which
are rate of change, purpose and
connectivity.
2. Each of the principles define a pair of
system properties which are opposite
with each other.
First principle is the rate of change of the
property is structural (static), purpose of
the property is purposive and
connectivity of the property is
mechanistic.
Second principle is the rate of change of
the property is functional (dynamic),
purpose of the property is non-purposive
and connectivity of the property is
organismic.
Example
Meeting patient quotas, receive patient
feedback, adhering to medical guidelines.
Modeling multiple interacting diseases and risks,
the contact of delivery systems and diseased
populations and matters of national and state
policy.
Unexpected behaviors that stem from
interactions between application components
and their environment.
QUESTION 4

a)

i)

ii)
 iii) Delay is interruptions in the flow on influence which make the consequences of actions
occurs gradually. The reason why needs to include delay is to get the desired result more
accurately.

b)

The traffic volume alternatively improves. It goes down, the comes back up again and usually will be
back worse than before. Raise awareness, do not use a lot of improvements, see if this system can take
care of itself in the long run, change and overcome its root problems.
QUESTION 5

a)

Hard Problem Soft Problem

Precisely determined where “What” and “How”
can be determined at the beginning of a system
design research or methodology.
Problem has a definite solution
Problem has a number of achievable goals
Has a deterministic complexity
Example: Scheduling, lease versus buy decisions
Contains social and political elements that
confuse definition and problem solving (also
referred to as ‘wicked’ problems).
There are many problems to be solved
Goals cannot be measured.
Has unpredictable non-deterministic, non-
definable complexity.
Example: Motivation, change management

b)

Hard Problem Soft Problem

“He begins his plan by drafting the layout of “Pak Ali has no choice but to reduce the salary
the boat.” paid to the workers.”
“Once the layout is ready, he begins to hire “Once the salary is reduced, the workers begin to
workers to work on the boat.” feel less motivated with their work”

c)

i)

- Reduce the cost of production to avoid any circumstances.

- Hire less worker to reduce the cost

ii)

- Ask an opinion to the workers about the reduce salary

- Give an other alternative rewards for the workers to keep motivate them.

QUESTION 6

a)
A group of interacting, interrelated or interdependent elements forming a complex and unified whole.
Can be categorized in mechanical and biological.

A group of components such as people, hardware, software, materials, procedures or services that are
collected and coordinated so that mutual interaction using resources in a particular environment meets
the needs and expectations derived from the mission and objectives obtained from the purpose

b) Digestive system.

c)
Environment: Stomach
Input: Foods
Output: Excrement
Process: Breakdown of food from larger to smaller food

d) Human Body

e) No able to get nutrient and sugars in food and would be die.