Yugoslav order of battle prior to the invasion of

Yugoslavia
The Yugoslav order of battle before the invasion of
Yugoslavia includes a listing (or order of battle) of all
operational formations of the Royal Yugoslav Army
(Serbo-Croatian Latin: Vojska Kraljevine Jugoslavije,
VKJ), Royal Yugoslav Army Air Force (Serbo-Croatian
Latin: Vazduhoplovstvo Vojske Kraljevine Jugoslavije,
VVKJ) and Royal Yugoslav Navy (Serbo-Croatian
Latin: Kraljevska Jugoslovenska Ratna Mornarica,
KJRM) immediately prior to the World War II invasion
of that country in April 1941.

The VKJ consisted of 33 divisions and a significant

number of smaller formations, but due to tentative and The German-led Axis invasion of Yugoslavia as
incomplete mobilisation, only seven divisions and four shown in the United States Government Why We
smaller formations are known to have been at close to Fight documentary series
fighting strength and in their planned deployment
locations when the German-led Axis assault commenced
on 6 April 1941. The Yugoslav defence plan involved placing the bulk of its land forces close to its borders,
with very limited strategic reserves in depth. Almost all of the divisions that had been effectively mobilised
were concentrated in the 3rd Army Group deployed in the east of the country along the Romanian and
Bulgarian borders between the Iron Gates and the Greek border. Most of the heavy weapons and armoured
vehicles available to the VKJ were obsolete, most formations were heavily reliant on animal-powered
transport, and the VKJ had only 50 tanks that could engage front line German tanks on an equal basis.

By 6 April 1941, the VVKJ had been almost completely mobilised, and consisted of four air brigades with
more than 423 aircraft of Yugoslav, German, Italian, French, Czech and British design, including 107 modern
fighter aircraft, and 100 modern medium bombers. Other than a small number of locally made Rogožarski IK-
3 fighters, almost all the modern aircraft available to the VVKJ were of German, Italian or British design for
which limited spares and munitions were available.

The KJRM consisted of a flotilla of river monitors based on the Danube and a small fleet based in several ports
along the Adriatic coast. The blue-water navy centred on a flotilla leader, three smaller destroyers, four
obsolescent submarines and a gunboat, supplemented by minelayers and torpedo boats. Some of the smaller
vessels in the Yugoslav fleet had been inherited from the defeated Austro-Hungarian Empire following World
War I and were obsolete.

Contents
Royal Yugoslav Army
1st Army Group
2nd Army Group
3rd Army Group
5th Independent Army
 6th Independent Army
Coastal Defence Command
General Headquarters Direct Command
Major equipment
Royal Yugoslav Army Air Force
Air Force Headquarters
1st Fighter Brigade
2nd Mixed Air Brigade
3rd Mixed Air Brigade
4th Bomber Brigade
Aircraft types
Royal Yugoslav Navy
Riverine and Lake Forces
Maritime Air Force
Naval Coastal Command
Torpedo Divisions
Submarine Division
Miscellaneous vessels
See also
Notes
Footnotes
References
Books and journals
Papers
Websites

Royal Yugoslav Army

At the time of the invasion, the Royal Yugoslav Army (Serbo-
Croatian Latin: Vojska Kraljevine Jugoslavije, VKJ) consisted of
29 infantry divisions, three horse cavalry divisions, and a
divisional-sized mountain detachment. There were also a
significant number of independent infantry, cavalry, mountain,
and combined arms brigades, infantry and cavalry regiments and
fortress troops, as well as 17 border guard battalions. The
Commander-in-chief of the VKJ was the 17-year-old King Peter
II, and the Chief of the General Staff was the Prime Minister,
Armijski đeneral[a] Dušan Simović.[2] The Yugoslav defence The war flag of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia
plan positioned almost all land forces close to its borders, with
very limited strategic reserves in depth.[3] The VKJ was heavily
reliant on animal-powered transport, mainly oxen, and had only 50 relatively modern Renault R35 tanks that
could fight German tanks on an equal footing,[4][5] although these were only just being formed into a unit at
the time of the invasion.[6] The VKJ was organised into the 1st, 2nd and 3rd Army Groups, the independent
5th and 6th Armies and the Coastal Defence Command.[2] The General Headquarters of the VKJ maintained
command over five infantry divisions and a large number of smaller infantry, engineer and artillery units, as
well as the only operational tank battalion. Each Army Group and independent Army was supported by an air
reconnaissance group attached from the Royal Yugoslav Army Air Force (VVKJ).[2] As mobilisation had
been tentative and partial, many divisions were still in the process of mobilisation on 6 April 1941.[7] The VKJ
order of battle on 6 April 1941 is detailed below as provided by Niehorster.[2][b]

mobilised Mobilised less staff and rear units.

in part Partly mobilised and moving to concentration area or assigned frontier.
commenced In process of mobilisation.
unknown Mobilisation status unknown.

1st Army Group

The 1st Army Group was commanded by Armijski đeneral Milorad Petrović.[8] It consisted of the 4th Army
of Armijski đeneral Petar Nedeljković,[9] responsible for the Yugoslav-Hungarian border and deployed behind
the Drava between Varaždin and Slatina,[10] and the 7th Army of Divizijski đeneral (Major General) Dušan
Trifunović,[11][12] which was responsible for the defence of the northwestern border with Italy and the Third
Reich.[13][c]

Composition of 1st Army Group

Army Formation Mobilisation status[15] Notes

27th Infantry Division Savska commenced —

40th Infantry Division Slavonska in part —
42nd Infantry Division Murska commenced —
4th[9]
Detachment Ormozki unknown brigade strength
127th Infantry Regiment unknown —
81st Cavalry Regiment unknown horse cavalry
32nd Infantry Division Triglavski commenced —
38th Infantry Division Dravska commenced —

7th[12] Mountain Detachment Triglavski mobilised brigade strength[d]

Mountain Detachment Rišnajaski mobilised brigade strength[e]

Detachment Lika mobilised brigade strength

1st Army Group[2] 1st Cavalry Division commenced horse cavalry

4th Army support units included one motorised heavy artillery regiment, one artillery regiment, a motorised
anti-aircraft battalion, six border guard battalions, and the 4th Air Reconnaissance Group comprising eighteen
Breguet 19s was attached from the VVKJ and was based at Velika Gorica just south of Zagreb.[9] The 7th
Army was supported by one artillery regiment and the 6th Air Reconnaissance Group consisting of sixteen
Breguet 19s based at Brežice, northwest of Zagreb.[12]

2nd Army Group

The 2nd Army Group was commanded by Armijski đeneral Milutin Nedić,[2] and consisted of Armijski
đeneral Milan Rađenković's 1st Army,[17] responsible for the area between the Danube and the Tisza,[10] and
the 2nd Army of Armijski đeneral Dragoslav Miljković,[18] responsible for the border from Slatina to the
Danube. There was no Army Group reserve, but the 2nd Army was to constitute a reserve consisting of the
10th Infantry Division Bosanska deployed south of Brod.[10]

Composition of 2nd Army Group

Army Formation Mobilisation status[14] Notes

7th Infantry Division Potiska commenced —

3rd Cavalry Division commenced horse cavalry
1st[17]
Infantry Detachment Senta commenced brigade strength
Infantry Detachment Sombor commenced brigade strength
10th Infantry Division Bosanska in part in reserve
17th Infantry Division Vrbaska in part —
2nd[18]
30th Infantry Division Osiječka commenced —
76th Cavalry Regiment unknown horse cavalry

The 1st Army was supported by one artillery regiment, one anti-aircraft battalion, and the 1st Air
Reconnaissance Group consisting of fifteen Breguet 19s based at Ruma, just west of Sremska Mitrovica.[17]
2nd Army support units comprised one artillery regiment, one anti-aircraft battalion, one border guard
battalion, and the 3rd Air Reconnaissance Group consisting of sixteen Breguet 19s based at Staro Topolje just
east of Brod.[18]

3rd Army Group

The 3rd Army Group was commanded by Armijski đeneral Milan Nedić.[2] It consisted of Armijski đeneral
Ilija Brašić's 3rd Army,[19] responsible for the border with Albania between Lake Ohrid to Lake Skadar,[10]
and the 3rd Territorial Army of Armijski đeneral Jovan Naumović,[20] which was responsible for the eastern
sector of the Greek border and a sector along the Bulgarian border. [21] The Army Group reserve consisted of
the 22nd Infantry Division Ibarska,[22] deployed around Skopje.[10]

Composition of 3rd Army Group

Army Formation Mobilisation status[23] Notes

13th Infantry Division Hercegovačka in part —

15th Infantry Division Zetska commenced —
25th Infantry Division Vardarska commenced reinforced
3rd[19]
31st Infantry Division Kosovska mobilised reinforced
brigade strength
Cavalry Detachment Komski mobilised
horse cavalry
5th Infantry Division Šumadijska mobilised —
20th Infantry Division Bregalnička mobilised reinforced

3rd Territorial[20] 46th Infantry Division Moravska mobilised —

Infantry Detachment Strumički unknown brigade strength
21st Infantry Regiment unknown —

3rd Army Group[2] 22nd Infantry Division Ibarska in part —

3rd Army support units included one artillery regiment, one anti-aircraft battalion, eight border guard
battalions, and the 5th Air Reconnaissance Group consisting of fourteen Breguet 19s based at Tetovo west of
Skopje.[19] The 3rd Territorial Army was supported by one motorised heavy artillery regiment.[20]

5th Independent Army

The 5th Independent Army was commanded by Armijski đeneral Vladimir Čukavac,[24] and had
responsibility for the Romanian and Bulgarian borders between the Iron Gates and the Greek border.[10]

Composition of 5th Independent Army

Army Formation Mobilisation status[23] Notes

8th Infantry Division Krajinska in part in reserve

9th Infantry Division Timočka commenced —

5th Independent[24] 34th Infantry Division Toplička mobilised —

50th Infantry Division Drinska mobilised —
2nd Cavalry Division in part horse cavalry

The support units of the 5th Independent Army were two motorised heavy artillery regiments, an anti-aircraft
battalion, two border guard battalions, and the 2nd Air Reconnaissance Group consisting of sixteen Breguet
19s based at Šarlince south of Niš.[24]

6th Independent Army

The 6th Independent Army was commanded by Armijski đeneral Dimitrije Živković,[25] and was originally
intended to form the strategic reserve for the VKJ. It was deployed around Belgrade and in the Banat region
east of the Tisza. It held two infantry divisions in reserve in the lower Morava valley.[10]

Composition of 6th Independent Army

Army Formation Mobilisation status[14] Notes

3rd Infantry Division Dunavska commenced —

49th Infantry Division Sremska in part understrength
Infantry Detachment Požarevački unknown brigade strength
Infantry Detachment Smederevski unknown brigade strength

6th Independent[25] Detachment Savski unknown brigade strength[f]

Detachment Banatski mobilised brigade strength[g]

Infantry Detachment Braničevski unknown regimental strength
5th Cavalry Regiment unknown horse cavalry
71st Cavalry Regiment unknown horse cavalry

The 6th Independent Army was supported by an anti-aircraft battalion and the 7th Air Reconnaissance Group
consisting of eighteen Breguet 19s based at Smederevska Palanka.[25]

Coastal Defence Command

Coastal Defence Command was commanded by Armijski đeneral Živko Stanisaviljević,[26] and was
responsible for the defence of the Adriatic coast from the Bay of Kotor to Gospić.[10]

Composition of Coastal Defence Command

Army Formation Mobilisation status[22] Notes

12th Infantry Division

commenced —
Jadranska

Boka Kotorska Command commenced [h]

Coastal Defence
Command Šibenik Command commenced [i]

Čapljinski Command unknown infantry brigade strength

Trebinjski Command unknown infantry regiment strength

Coastal Defence Command was supported by a heavy artillery regiment and an anti-aircraft battalion, and a
coastal reconnaissance squadron of four aircraft based near Mostar.[26]

General Headquarters Direct Command

General Headquarters of the VKJ maintained direct command of five infantry divisions, four independent
infantry regiments, two motorised engineer regiments and one tank battalion.[j] A further tank battalion was
being formed at the time of the invasion.[k] It also had at its disposal two motorised heavy artillery regiments,
fifteen artillery battalions, two anti-aircraft battalions and five independent anti-aircraft companies.[6]

General Headquarters Direct Command

Formation Mobilisation status[22] Notes

Guards Infantry Division unknown understrength

1st Infantry Division Cerska in part —
33rd Infantry Division Lička commenced —
44th Infantry Division Unska in part —
47th Infantry Division Dinarska commenced —
22nd Infantry Regiment unknown —
37th Infantry Regiment unknown —
47th Infantry Regiment unknown —
48th Infantry Regiment unknown —

Major equipment

In April 1941, a significant amount of obsolete equipment was in service with the VKJ, much of which was of
World War I vintage. For example, of the 7,000 artillery pieces, less than 60 per cent were relatively modern,
and only 50 of the tanks on hand were of comparable quality to front line German tanks.[27] The army
inventory included the following major items of equipment:[4]
 Major equipment
Equipment Number
Mortars 1,900
Light anti-tank guns 800
75mm field guns 823
105mm field howitzers 180
World War I-vintage howitzers 3,000
Anti-aircraft guns 250
Renault R35 light tanks 50
Škoda S-1d light tanks 50
Renault NC27 light tanks 50
Renault FT and M26/27 light tanks 50

Major items of equipment in service with the Royal Yugoslav Army

The French made FT tank was Škoda 37 mm Model 1937 anti-tank

designed during World War I, and by gun
1941 was no match for German front
line tanks.

A World War I vintage Schneider-

Ansaldo 105 mm M1913 field howitzer
Royal Yugoslav Army Air Force
By April 1941, due to the difficulties Yugoslavia had faced in sourcing
aircraft, the Royal Yugoslav Army Air Force (Serbo-Croatian Latin:
Vazduhoplovstvo Vojske Kraljevine Jugoslavije, VVKJ) was equipped
with 11 different types of operational aircraft, 14 types of training aircraft,
and five types of auxiliary aircraft. These aircraft used 22 different
engines, four different machine guns and two models of aircraft cannon.
This made the training, supply and maintenance of the VVKJ quite
problematic.[28] The VVKJ was organised into a headquarters, four air
brigades and one naval brigade. Its order of battle on 6 April 1941 is
detailed below as provided by Shores, Cull and Malizia, the most
detailed work available on the subject.[29][l]
The roundel of the Royal
Yugoslav Army Air Force
Air Force Headquarters

The VVKJ was commanded by Brigadni General (Brigadier) Borivoje Mirković, from his headquarters at
Lješnica, and had two air groups and one independent squadron under its direct command.[30] Niehorster
includes the VVKJ transport group and the air training school as under the direct command of Army Air Force
Headquarters, and they have been shown here for completeness.[31]

Air Force Headquarters units

Unit Location Aircraft
11th Independent (Long Range Reconnaissance) Veliki 9 × Bristol Blenheim Mk I light bombers
Group Radinci 2 × Hawker Hind Mk I light bombers
14 × Savoia-Marchetti SM.79 medium bombers
3 × Messerschmitt Bf 109E-3a fighters
81st Bomber Group Mostar
3 × Hawker Hurricane Mk I fighters
3 × Avia BH-33E biplane fighters[m]
2 × Messerschmitt Bf 108 liaison aircraft
710th Liaison Squadron[n] Lješnica
1 × Fieseler Fi 156 Storch liaison aircraft
10 × Lockheed Model 10 Electra airliners
2 × Spartan Cruiser transports
2 × Avia-Fokker F.39 airliners
1 × de Havilland Dragon Rapide airliner
Transport Group[o] Zemun 2 × Caudron C.440 Goéland utility aircraft
1 × Aeroput MMS-3 light passenger aircraft
1 × de Havilland DH.60 Moth touring and training
aircraft
1 × de Havilland Fox Moth passenger aircraft
3× Hawker Hurricane Mk I fighters
3× Messerschmitt Bf 108 liaison aircraft
Air Training School[p] Mostar
2× Messerschmitt Bf 109E-3a fighters
3× Avia BH-33E biplane fighters

1st Fighter Brigade

The 1st Fighter Brigade was commanded by Pukovnik (Colonel) Dragutin Rupčić, whose headquarters was at
Zemun. It consisted of the 2nd and 6th Fighter Regiments and a liaison squadron.[33]
 Composition of the 1st Fighter Brigade
Formation Unit Location Aircraft

2nd Fighter Regiment 31st Fighter Group Knić 19 × Messerschmitt Bf 109E-3a fighters
HQ: Kraljevo 52nd Fighter Group Knić 15 × Hawker Hurricane I fighters
32nd Fighter Group Prnjavor 27 × Messerschmitt Bf 109E-3a fighters
6th Fighter Regiment
HQ: Zemun 10 × Messerschmitt Bf 109E-3a fighters
51st Fighter Group Zemun
6 × Rogožarski IK-3 fighters
Messerschmitt Bf 108 liaison aircraft
— 702nd Liaison Squadron[q] Zemun
Fieseler Fi 156 liaison aircraft

2nd Mixed Air Brigade

The 2nd Mixed Air Brigade was commanded by Pukovnik Jakov Đorđević, whose headquarters was at Nova
Topola. It consisted of the 4th Fighter Regiment, the 8th Bomber Regiment, and a liaison squadron.[36]

Composition of the 2nd Mixed Air Brigade

Formation Unit Location Aircraft
Bosanski
33rd Fighter Group 13 × Hawker Hurricane Mk I fighters
4th Fighter Regiment Aleksandrovac
HQ: Zagreb Bosanski 7 × Hawker Hurricane Mk I fighters
34th Fighter Group
Aleksandrovac 8 ×Ikarus IK-2 fighters
12 × Bristol Blenheim Mk I light
8th Bomber 68th Bomber Group Rovine
bombers
Regiment
HQ: Zagreb 12 × Bristol Blenheim Mk I light
69th Bomber Group Rovine
bombers
703rd Liaison Messerschmitt Bf 108 liaison aircraft
— Nova Topola
Squadron[r] Fieseler Fi 156 liaison aircraft

3rd Mixed Air Brigade

The 3rd Mixed Air Brigade was commanded by Pukovnik Nikola Obuljen, whose headquarters was at Stubol.
It consisted of the 3rd Bomber Regiment, 5th Fighter Regiment, and a liaison squadron.[38]

Composition of the 3rd Mixed Air Brigade

Formation Unit Location Aircraft

3rd Bomber Regiment 63rd Bomber Group Petrovec 30 × Dornier Do 17K light bombers
HQ: Skopje 64th Bomber Group Petrovec 30 × Dornier Do 17K light bombers

5th Fighter Regiment 35th Fighter Group Kosančić 15 × Hawker Fury Mk II biplane fighters
HQ: Niš 36th Fighter Group Režanovačka Kosa 15 × Hawker Fury Mk II biplane fighters
Messerschmitt Bf 108 liaison aircraft
— 704th Liaison Squadron[s] Stubol
Fieseler Fi 156 liaison aircraft

4th Bomber Brigade

The 4th Bomber Brigade was commanded by Pukovnik Petar Vukčević, whose headquarters was at Ljubić. It
consisted of the 1st and 7th Bomber Regiments and a liaison squadron.[40]

Composition of the 4th Bomber Brigade

Formation Unit Location Aircraft

1st Bomber Regiment 61st Bomber Group[t] Bijeljina 11 × Bristol Blenheim Mk I light bombers
HQ: Novi Sad
62nd Bomber Group[u] Bijeljina 12 × Bristol Blenheim Mk I light bombers

7th Bomber Regiment 66th Bomber Group Preljina 13 × Savoia-Marchetti SM.79 medium bombers
HQ: Mostar 67th Bomber Group Gorobilje 13 × Savoia-Marchetti SM.79 medium bombers
Messerschmitt Bf 108 liaison aircraft
— 705th Liaison Squadron[v] Ljubić
Fieseler Fi 156 liaison aircraft

Aircraft types

The Royal Yugoslav Army Air Force inventory in April 1941 included more than 423 aircraft of Yugoslav,
German, Italian, French, Czech and British design, in addition to 20 largely civilian transport aircraft which
had been pressed into military service. Of these, 107 of the fighter aircraft were of modern design, the
remainder were not capable of meeting front line Axis aircraft on close to equal terms, and were therefore
considered obsolete. Some bomber and reconnaissance aircraft were also considered obsolete for the same
reason.[28]

Aircraft types
Aircraft type Model Class Number Origin/notes

Messerschmitt Bf 109E-3 — 61 Germany

Hawker Hurricane Mk I — 41 United Kingdom

Hawker Fury Mk II biplane — 30 United Kingdom (obsolete)

Fighter aircraft
Ikarus IK-2 — 8 Yugoslavia (obsolete)

Rogožarski IK-3 — 6 Yugoslavia

Avia BH-33E — 6 Czechoslovakia (obsolete)

Dornier Do 17Ka medium 60 Germany

Savoia-Marchetti SM 79-I medium 40 Italy

Bomber aircraft
Bristol Blenheim Mk I light 56 United Kingdom

Hawker Hind Mk I biplane light 2 United Kingdom (obsolete)

Caproni Ca.310 — unknown Italy

Reconnaissance aircraft
Breguet 19 — 113 France (obsolete)

Messerschmitt Bf 108 — unknown Germany

Liaison aircraft
Fieseler Fi 156 — unknown Germany

Between 6 and 17 April 1941, the VVKJ took receipt of additional aircraft, including eight Hawker Hurricane
Mk Is, six Dornier Do 17Ks, four Bristol Blenheim Mk Is, two Icarus IK-2s, one Messerschmitt Bf 109E-3
and one Rogožarski IK-3.[42]
 Aircraft types in service with the Royal Yugoslav Army Air Force

A Messerschmitt Bf 109E-3 A Rogožarski IK-3 with VVKJ A Dornier Do 17Ka with

with VVKJ markings markings VVKJ markings

A Savoia-Marchetti SM 79-I
with VVKJ markings

Royal Yugoslav Navy

The Royal Yugoslav Navy (Serbo-Croatian Latin: Kraljevska
Jugoslovenska Ratna Mornarica, KJRM) was small, with its
largest ships being an obsolete former German light cruiser (used
as a gunnery training ship),[43] one flotilla leader, and three
smaller Beograd-class destroyers.[44] The Chief of the Naval
Staff was Rear-Admiral M.L. Polić, and the personnel of the
KJRM comprised about 611 officers and 8,562 men.[45][w] The
KJRM was organised into Riverine and Lake Forces, the
Maritime Air Force, Naval Coastal Command, three torpedo
divisions, the Submarine Division, and a grouping of The naval ensign of the Kingdom of
miscellaneous and training vessels.[46] Yugoslavia

Riverine and Lake Forces

The Riverine and Lake Forces of the KJRM were headquartered on the Danube river in Novi Sad, and were
organised into the River Flotilla and three Lake Detachments.[47] Each division of the River Flotilla except the
Monitor Division included one or more mobilised customs motorboats.[48]
 River Flotilla[48]
Ship/vessel
Division Type Origin/notes
name
Austria-Hungary
Vardar river monitor former Austro-Hungarian Navy river monitor
Monitor Division Bosna[49][50]
HQ: Dubovac Austria-Hungary
Sava river monitor former Austro-Hungarian Navy river monitor
Bodrog[49][51]
Austria-Hungary
Drava river monitor former Austro-Hungarian Navy river monitor
Enns[49][51]
Šabac river tugboat —
1st Mine Barrage
Division river
HQ: Bezdan — —
minelayer
river
— —
minelayer
— river transport —
Austria-Hungary
Morava river monitor former Austro-Hungarian Navy river monitor
2nd Mine Barrage
Körös[49][50]
Division
HQ: Stara Kanjiža R-XXI river tugboat —
Senta river transport —
Sisak river tugboat —
river mine-
3rd Mine Barrage — —
layer
Division
HQ: Sremski Karlovci river mine-
— —
layer
— river transport —
Raška river tugboat —
river mine-
4th Mine Barrage — —
layer
Division
HQ: Smederevo river mine-
— —
layer
— river transport —
Tanasko Rajić river tugboat —
river mine-
5th Mine Barrage — —
layer
Division
HQ: Erdut river mine-
— —
layer
— river transport —
Iron Gates Division Kumanovo[x] river tugboat —
HQ: Donji Milanovac
Vitez[y] river tugboat —

— river transport —
 — river transport —
— river transport —
— river transport —

The Lake Ohrid Detachment was based at Ohrid and consisted of two river gunboats, Graničar and Stražar,
and one or more mobilised customs motorboats. The Lake Prespa Detachment was based at Asamati, and it is
unclear where the Lake Skadar Detachment was based. Both of the latter detachments consisted of one or
more mobilised customs motorboats.[47]

Maritime Air Force

The Maritime Air Force was headquartered at Kaštel Lukšić near Split, and consisted of three Hydroplane
Commands each of regimental strength.[52][53][z]

Maritime Air Force

Command Group Squadron Location Aircraft
1st Hydroplane 12th
Command Hydroplane unknown — 12 × Ikarus IO biplane flying boats
HQ: Vodice Group
5 × Rogožarski SIM-XIV-H
5th Hydroplane
Tijesno reconnaissance floatplanes
Squadron
3rd Hydroplane 1 × Ikarus ŠM biplane floatplane
Group 6 × Dornier Do 22Kj reconnaissance
25th Hydroplane Zlarin and
floatplanes
Squadron Visovac
2nd Hydroplane 1 × Rogožarski PVT floatplane
Command 5 × Dornier Do J flying boats
HQ: Divulje 26th Hydroplane
Krapanj 1 × Ikarus ŠM biplane floatplane
Squadron
1 × Rogožarski PVT floatplane
4th Hydroplane
Group 2 × Rogožarski SIM-XIV-H
15th Hydroplane Zlarin and reconnaissance floatplanes
Squadron Visovac 6–7 × Ikarus IO biplane flying boats
1 × Rogožarski SIM-ХH trainer
5 × Rogožarski SIM-XIV-H
1st Hydroplane
Krtole reconnaissance floatplanes
Squadron
1 × Ikarus ŠM biplane floatplane
1st Hydroplane
Group 2–3 × Rogožarski SIM-XIV-H
11th Hydroplane reconnaissance floatplanes
Risan
Squadron[aa] 1 × Heinkel HE 8 reconnaissance
floatplane
20th Hydroplane 6 × Dornier Do 22Kj reconnaissance
3rd Hydroplane Orahovac
Squadron floatplanes
Command
HQ: Boka 5 × Dornier Do J flying boats
Kotorska 21st Hydroplane
Dobrota 1 × Dornier D floatplane torpedo bomber
Squadron[ab]
2 × Rogožarski PVT floatplanes
2nd
Hydroplane 1 × Rogožarski SIM-XIV-H
Group reconnaissance floatplane
Training 1 × Rogožarski PVT floatplanes
Trogir 2 × Ikarus IO biplane flying boats
Squadron[ac]
1–2 × Rogožarski SIM-XI trainers
1 × de Havilland DH.60 Moth trainer
several Ikarus ŠM biplane floatplanes
 Maritime aircraft types
Model Number Origin/notes
Rogožarski SIM-XIV-H 15–16 Kingdom of Yugoslavia
Ikarus ŠM 3 Kingdom of Yugoslavia
Dornier Do 22kJ 12 Nazi Germany
Rogožarski PVT 5 Kingdom of Yugoslavia
Dornier Do J 10 Nazi Germany
Ikarus IO 20–21 Kingdom of Yugoslavia
Rogožarski SIM-ХH 1 Kingdom of Yugoslavia
Heinkel HE 8 1 Nazi Germany
Dornier D 1 Nazi Germany
Rogožarski SIM-XI 1–2 Kingdom of Yugoslavia
de Havilland DH.60 Moth 1 United Kingdom

Naval Coastal Command

The Naval Coastal Command of the KJRM was organised into three sectors along the Adriatic coast of
Yugoslavia.[54]
 Naval Coastal Command
Ship/vessel
Sector Type Origin/notes
name

Northern Austria-Hungary
Malinska minelayer
HQ: Malinska-class minelayer[55][56]
Selce
Silni patrol craft tender unknown

Spasilac salvage ship German Weimar Republic[57]

Lovćen water tanker unknown
German Empire
Labud minelayer
Galeb-class minelayer[58]
Central
HQ: German Empire
Kobac minelayer
Šibenik Galeb-class minelayer[49][55]
Austria-Hungary
Mosor minelayer
Malinska-class minelayer[55][56]
Austria-Hungary
Marjan minelayer
Malinska-class minelayer[55][56]
Austria-Hungary
T1 torpedo boat former Austro-Hungarian Navy 250t-class T-group torpedo boat
76T[49][55]
Austria-Hungary
T3 torpedo boat former Austro-Hungarian Navy 250t-class T-group torpedo boat
78T[49][55]
German Empire
Jastreb minelayer
Galeb-class minelayer[49][55]
German Empire
Galeb minelayer
Galeb-class minelayer[49][55]
Southern Austria-Hungary
HQ: Mljet minelayer
Malinska-class minelayer[55][56]
Kotor
Austria-Hungary
Meljine minelayer
Malinska-class minelayer[55][56]
Austria-Hungary
D2 training boat former Austro-Hungarian Schichau-class minesweeper Uhu,
later Tb36[59]
Jadran sail training ship German Weimar Republic
miscellaneous
Jaki unknown
auxiliary
small converted
Vila unknown
yacht

Torpedo Divisions

The 1st Torpedo Division consisted of the flotilla leader Dubrovnik and two of the three Beograd-class
destroyers, and was based at Kotor. The remaining Beograd-class destroyer, Ljubljana, was under repair at
Šibenik at the time of the invasion. The 2nd and 3rd Torpedo Division consisted of torpedo boats, and were
both based at Šibenik.[46][60]
 Torpedo Divisions
Ship/vessel
Division Type Origin/notes
name
flotilla
Dubrovnik UK[44]
leader

1st France
Beograd destroyer
HQ: Kotor Beograd-class destroyer[49][60]
Kingdom of Yugoslavia
Zagreb destroyer
Beograd-class destroyer[49][60]

torpedo Nazi Germany

Velebit
boat Orjen-class torpedo boat[61]

torpedo Nazi Germany

Rudnik
boat Orjen-class torpedo boat[61]

torpedo Nazi Germany

Kajmakčalan
boat Orjen-class torpedo boat[61]

torpedo Nazi Germany

Durmitor
boat Orjen-class torpedo boat[61]

torpedo Nazi Germany

Dinara
2nd boat Orjen-class torpedo boat[61]
HQ:
Šibenik torpedo Nazi Germany
Triglav
boat Orjen-class torpedo boat[61]

torpedo Nazi Germany

Suvobor
boat Orjen-class torpedo boat[61]

torpedo Nazi Germany

Orjen
boat Orjen-class torpedo boat[61]

torpedo UK
Četnik
boat Četnik-class torpedo boat[62]

torpedo UK
Uskok
boat Četnik-class torpedo boat[62]

torpedo former Austro-Hungarian Navy 250t-class F-group torpedo boat

T5
boat 87F[49][55]

torpedo former Austro-Hungarian Navy 250t-class F-group torpedo boat

T6
3rd boat 93F[49][55]
HQ:
Šibenik torpedo former Austro-Hungarian Navy 250t-class F-group torpedo boat
T7
boat 96F[49][55]

torpedo former Austro-Hungarian Navy 250t-class F-group torpedo boat

T8
boat 97F[49][55]

Submarine Division

The Submarine Division was based in Kotor, and consisted of the submarine tender Hvar and four ageing
submarines of British or French manufacture.[46][55][56][63]
 Submarine Division
Ship/vessel Type Origin/notes

Hvar submarine tender United Kingdom[64]

Hrabri Hrabri-class submarine United Kingdom, 1928 based on unbuilt British L-class submarine
Nebojša Hrabri-class submarine United Kingdom, 1928 based on unbuilt British L-class submarine
Osvetnik Osvetnik-class submarine France, 1929
Smeli Osvetnik-class submarine France, 1929

Miscellaneous vessels

The KJRM included several miscellaneous vessels that were not allocated to a particular division. They
included the gunnery training ship Dalmacija, the gunboat Beli Orao and the converted seaplane
tender/minelayer Zmaj.[46][ad]

Miscellaneous vessels
Ship/vessel Type Location Origin/notes

Gazelle-class former German Empire SMS Niobe, Dalmacija was obsolete and being
Dalmacija Kotor
cruiser used as a gunnery training ship[55]
Kingdom of Italy
Beli Orao gunboat Kotor
Royal yacht/escort[55][56]

Zmaj minelayer Šibenik Weimar Republic, converted seaplane tender[55]

Perun oil tanker Kotor Belgium[65]

Gavran minelayer unknown ex German Empire, Galeb-class minelayer[49][55]

Orao minelayer unknown ex German Empire, Galeb-class minelayer[49][55]

Sokol minelayer unknown ex German Empire, Galeb-class minelayer[49][55][66]

Vessels in service with the Royal Yugoslav Navy

 The light cruiser and gunnery The destroyers Dubrovnik The submarine Hrabri
training ship Dalmacija and (left) and Beograd after their
the minelayers Mljet and capture by Italy
Meljine docked at the Bay of
Kotor

The torpedo boat T3

See also
Hawker Hurricane in Yugoslav service
List of ships of the Royal Yugoslav Navy

Notes
a. Armijski đeneral was equivalent to a United States lieutenant general.[1]
b. There are significant differences between sources on the components of Royal Yugoslav Army
formations, so Niehorster, being the most recent source, has been used to ensure consistency
throughout, except where it diverges from Terzić, a comprehensive Yugoslav source.
c. According to Barefield, the majority of the 1st Cavalry Division constituted an Army Group
reserve,[14] and was located in the Zagreb area.[10]
d. According to Niehorster, Mountain Detachment Triglavski consisted of two mountain infantry
regiments and a mountain artillery battalion,[12] but Terzić states it consisted of one mountain
infantry regiment and a mountain artillery battalion.[16]
e. According to Niehorster, Mountain Detachment Rišnajaski consisted of two mountain infantry
regiments and a mountain artillery battalion,[12] but Terzić states it consisted of one mountain
infantry regiment and a mountain artillery battalion.[16]
f. Detachment Savski consisted of the 1st Guards Infantry Regiment, the Guards Artillery
Regiment and two motorised heavy artillery regiments.[25]
 g. Detachment Banatiski consisted of the 4th Infantry Regiment, the 8th Cavalry Regiment
(horse), 1st Guards Cavalry Regiment (horse), 2nd Guards Cavalry Regiment (horse), the
horse-drawn Guards Artillery Battalion, and one artillery battalion.[25]
h. Boka Kotorska Command was commanded by Brigadni General (Brigadier) Vojislav
Kuzmanović, and consisted of three fortress infantry regiments.[26]
i. Šibenik Command was a fortress infantry formation of brigade-strength.[26]
j. The 1st Tank Battalion was equipped with 48 Renault FT and Renault NC27 light tanks and 8
Škoda S-1d light tanks.[6]
k. The 2nd Tank Battalion was being formed with Renault R35 light tanks.[6]
l. Any differences with Niehorster, being a more recent but general source, have been identified
in the text or through the use of notes.
m. Two Avia BH-33Es were detached to Podgorica.[30]
n. Aircraft types are consistent between Shores, Cull and Malizia,[30] and Niehorster.[31] Aircraft
numbers are only provided by Niehorster.[31]
o. The aircraft types and numbers for the Transport Group are only provided by Niehorster.[31]
p. The aircraft types and numbers for the Air Training School are only provided by Niehorster.[31]
Shores, Cull and Malizia specify that there were ten training units, some of which were
incorporated into operational regiments, with some being independent units. They state that
they were equipped with Breguet 19s, Potez 25s and Caproni Ca.310 aircraft, and a large
number of basic training aircraft of Yugoslav origin, but including some German Bücker Bü
131s.[32]
q. Shores, Cull and Malizia,[34] specify Messerschmitt Bf 108 liaison aircraft and Fieseler Fi 156
liaison aircraft, Niehorster specifies Messerschmitt Bf 109E-3a fighters instead of Fieseler Fi
156 liaison aircraft.[35]
r. Neither Shores, Cull and Malizia,[34] or Niehorster.[37] specify aircraft numbers
s. Neither Shores, Cull and Malizia,[38] or Niehorster.[39] specify aircraft numbers
t. Niehorster specifies that the 61st Bomber Group included 2 × Breguet 19 reconnaissance
aircraft and 1 × Bücker Bü 131 biplane trainer aircraft.[41]
u. Niehorster specifies that the 62nd Bomber Group included 2 × Breguet 19 reconnaissance
aircraft and 1 × Bücker Bü 131 biplane trainer aircraft.[41]
v. Neither Shores, Cull and Malizia,[40] or Niehorster[41] specify aircraft numbers
w. This figure was the total in 1938.
x. The Kumanovo and two river transports formed the Juc Canal Group.[48]
y. The Vitez and two river transports formed the Sipski Canal Group.[48]
z. Shores, Cull and Malizia specify only two Hydroplane Commands, the 2nd and 3rd.[32]
aa. Shores, Cull and Malizia state that the 11th Hydroplane Squadron included 8–10 elderly
training aircraft.[32]
ab. Shores, Cull and Malizia state that the 21st Hydroplane Squadron included a "Fleet" aircraft,
but it is unclear what type they are referring to.[32]
ac. Shores, Cull and Malizia state that the Training Squadron included a "Fleet" aircraft, but it is
unclear what type they are referring to.[32]
ad. Niehorster does not list the minelayers Gavran, Orao and Sokol, but both Willmott and
Chesneau list them as active in the KJRM at the time of the invasion, so they have been
included here for completeness.[49][55]

Footnotes
 1. Niehorster 2013v. 34. Shores, Cull & Malizia 1987, p. 188.
2. Niehorster 2013a. 35. Niehorster 2013m.
3. Tomasevich 1975, p. 56. 36. Shores, Cull & Malizia 1987, pp. 188–189.
4. Zajac 1993, p. 47. 37. Niehorster 2013n.
5. Tomasevich 1975, pp. 58–59. 38. Shores, Cull & Malizia 1987, p. 189.
6. Niehorster 2013k. 39. Niehorster 2013o.
7. Barefield 1993, pp. 49–54. 40. Shores, Cull & Malizia 1987, p. 190.
8. Anic 2002, p. 31. 41. Niehorster 2013p.
9. Niehorster 2013b. 42. Savić & Ciglić 2002, p. 9.
10. U.S. Army 1986, p. 37. 43. Willmott 2010, pp. 310–311.
11. Loi 1978, p. 43. 44. Zajac 1993, p. 48.
12. Niehorster 2013c. 45. Jarman 1997, pp. 92–94.
13. U.S. Army 1986, pp. 36–37. 46. Niehorster 2013q.
14. Barefield 1993, p. 53. 47. Niehorster 2013r.
15. Barefield 1993, pp. 52–53. 48. Niehorster 2013s.
16. Terzić 1982, p. 164. 49. Chesneau 1980, p. 357.
17. Niehorster 2013d. 50. Willmott 2010, p. 310.
18. Niehorster 2013e. 51. Jane's Information Group 1989, p. 315.
19. Niehorster 2013f. 52. Niehorster 2013t.
20. Niehorster 2013g. 53. Vego 1982, p. 354.
21. Geografski institut JNA 1952. 54. Niehorster 2013u.
22. Barefield 1993, p. 54. 55. Willmott 2010, p. 311.
23. Barefield 1993, pp. 53–54. 56. Chesneau 1980, p. 358.
24. Niehorster 2013h. 57. Haworth 2006a.
25. Niehorster 2013i. 58. Haworth 2006b.
26. Niehorster 2013j. 59. Vego 1982, p. 344.
27. Tomasevich 1975, p. 59. 60. Brescia 2012, p. 134.
28. Shores, Cull & Malizia 1987, p. 173. 61. Chesneau 1980, p. 359.
29. Shores, Cull & Malizia 1987, pp. 187–192. 62. Chesneau 1980, pp. 358–359.
30. Shores, Cull & Malizia 1987, p. 187. 63. Akermann 2002, p. 168.
31. Niehorster 2013l. 64. Haworth 2006c.
32. Shores, Cull & Malizia 1987, p. 191. 65. Haworth 2006d.
33. Shores, Cull & Malizia 1987, pp. 187–188. 66. Gröner 1991, p. 119.

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