Related Studies

According Bhavani and Amuthavally (2017) to Parental treatment such as screaming at the
child and excessively critising or generally ignoring the child have harmful effect on the self–
esteem of the child.

Bhavani, P., & Amuthavally, T.G. (2017). A literature review of Parenting Styles and
Emotional Intelligence of X Students. Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary
Studies.

The authoritarian parents are dominating, strict and punishing. They teach adolescents to

be submissive to obey and to be dependent on them. Adolescents in such home

environments are usually more hostile, rebellious and model aggressive behaviour of the

parent and show emotional disturbances Bhavani and Amuthavally (2017).

Bhavani, P., & Amuthavally, T.G. (2017). A literature review of Parenting Styles and
Emotional Intelligence of X Students. Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary
Studies.

Parents who are highly accepting and less controlling of their children’s emotional

display are likely to have children who are more accepted by peers. However the extent

to which parents control the children’s emotions is related to their emotional & social

competence.

Bhavani, P., & Amuthavally, T.G. (2017). A literature review of Parenting Styles and
Emotional Intelligence of X Students. Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary
Studies.

Parental socialization of emotions, their expressive style and emotional responses to child
emotions were important predictors of children’s emotional competence and overall social
competence.
Bhavani, P., & Amuthavally, T.G. (2017). A literature review of Parenting Styles and
Emotional Intelligence of X Students. Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary
Studies.

Related Literatures

According to Schore & Schore (2008), that the first year of a child’s emotional life is dedicated to
the development of emotional communication, through attunement and the creation of secure
attachment.

Schore, A., & Schore, J. (2008). Modern attachment theory: The central role of
affectregulation in development and treatment. Clinical Social Work Journal, 36, 9-20.

Children raised in a permissive environment are found to struggle with depression and anxiety
disorders, although, these children were found to have lower levels of depression than children
from authoritarian parents (Hamon & Schrodt, 2012).

Hamon, J. D., & Schrodt, P. (2012). Do parenting styles moderate the association between
family conformity orientation and young adults. Journal of Family Communication, 12(2),
151-66.

According to Sailor (2004), that the children who grew up in authoritarian homes appeared
withdrawn, unhappy, anxious and insecure.

Sailor, D. H. (2004). Supporting children in their home, school, and community. (pp.158-
9). Pearson.

Children raised in the type of family system that has ineffective communication are often found
to be selfish, impulsive, and aggressive inrelationships, due to not learning how to compromise
or how their actions affect others (Sailor, 2004; Sandstrom, 2007).

Sandstrom, M. (2007). A link between mothers' disciplinary strategies and children's

relational aggression. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 25, 399-407.

Local Literature

According the study of Dr. Honey Carandang (2010) that the child’s self-concept and self-
worth do not develop because of his/her abolition or the lack of them. Rather, they depend a lot
on the messages about himself/herself that the child absorbs from the significant people in
his/her life, especially those that have an impact during his/her growing up years, namely
parents, family members and teacher.

An Overview to Carandang’s Self-worth and the Filipino Child. Hubpages, 2004.

Filipino children generally adhere to their parents’ views in their owndefinitions of “good child”: a
child must obey his or her parents and refrain fromtalking back, and show concern and care for
their parents especially in their old age(Dela Cruz et al.2001 )

Dela Cruz, M. T., Protacio, E., Balanon, F., Yacat, J., & Francisco, C. (2001). Trust and
power:Child abuse in the eyes of the child and the parent Manila: Save the Children UK
and theUnited Nations Children’s Fund.

Local Studies

A study entitled “Parenting Style: Its Relation to Self Esteem and Academic Performance of First
Year College Students in Angeles University Foundation, Angeles City”, the authoritative
parenting was associated with high self- esteem while those who perceived their parents as
neglectful had the lowest self- esteem according to Galang (2011)

Galang (2011). Parenting Style: It’s Relation to Self-Esteem and Academic Performance of
First Year College students in Angeles University Foundation, Angeles City.

Studies have revealed that Filipino parents, in general, subscribe to authori-tarian attitudes. In a
nine-country study, Filipino parents rated authoritarian atti-tudes higher relative to other
countries, and progressive and modern children attitudes lower (Bornstein et al.2011 ; Alampay
and Jocson 2011 ).

Alampay, L. P., & Jocson, M. R. (2011). Attributions and attitudes of mothers and fathers
in thePhilippines. Parenting: Science and Practice, 11 (2–3), 163–176.