AIR TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT

PRIMARY
SURVEILLANCE
2D s band RADAR
Supplying ATM systems around the world for more than 90 years

indracompany.com

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Indra technology for a very high and reliable radar detectability
Indra’s PSR 2D S band Radar solution
is a fully solid-state radar system that
incorporates the latest technologies into an
airport en-route surveillance radar system.
The radar is in state-of-the-art in airspace
surveillance by combining features only
available in the US FAA’s air traffic control
radar with the lastest technology: signal
generation and demodulation, processors
and communications technology.
This system allows the air traffic controller
to monitor all the aircraft in the airspace,
clearly, simultaneously, and without
interference. The A-MTD is the
primary surveillance 2d s band radar
PRIMARY
SURVEILLANCE
2D s band RADAR
Monitor all the aircraft in the airspace, clearly,
simultaneously and without interference
latest generation of a concept that has
evolved over more than twenty years.
With each new generation, significant
improvements in the detection of aircraft
flying tangentially to the radar (more
accurate ground clutter map due to azimuth
synchronization).
Weather conditions detected by the radar
are measured in six levels of intensity
conforming to the ICAO and U.S. Weather
Bureau standards and are processed using (MTD) implemented is optimized to allow
a weather channel in parallel with the
target channel. The integrated weather
PSR 2D S band & MSSR-S comounted antennas
channel has an independent set of Doppler
filters that eliminate clutter from the
weather output. Special processing
techniques are used to edit multi-trip,
anomalous propagation clutter echoes and
windfarm mitigation. The six level weather
mapping is implemented in redundant
processors, thereby providing high
availability of this critical product.
The particular Moving Target Detector
controllers to see an aircraft in severe
ground and weather clutter conditions.
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Technology benefits
Features
• All solid state with MTD performance
• ICAO and EUROCONTROL performance
• Uncompromised Doppler visibility detects • High reliability and ease of maintenance
aircraft in adverse weather conditions
• Excellent range resolution with unique
technology to detect small aircraft close
to large ones
• Calibrated ICAO compliant six-level
weather mapping
• No RF switching of signal received with
two antenna beams and 4 receivers
each channel
• COTS and Open system architecture,
readily interfaces to your ATC system
• Additional redundancy points
• CE marking
• European interoperability requirements
primary surveillance 2d s band radar
Benefits
• Best value and high performance at
competitive price
results in significant operating cost
savings
• Easy maintenance through user-friendly
“expert systems” technology
• Low false alarm aircraft detection in bad
weather improves controller productivity
• Accurate weather situation picture
allows aircraft to be safely routed around
storms
• Full capacity to be integrated with MSSR/ graceful multipath redundancy
Mode S as an advance surveillance
station entity
PSR 2D S band Equipment
Discriminators
• The most technologically advanced
ATC system - solid state, programmable,
A-MTD Doppler processing
• High receiver dynamic range solves clutter
performance problems with solid-state radar
• Ultra low Doppler Filter sidelobes provide
unsurpassed rejection of weather
• User-friendly radar to operate and
maintain
• Programmable processor (parameters and
site adaptation)
• The highest top-quality-range resolution,
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Primary Surveillance 2D S band Radar
Main features
The radar is a highly reliable S-band
surveillance radar designed as an
unattended system intended to operate
twenty-four hours a day, 365 days a year,
while simultaneously performing system
self tests, reporting status and surveillance
data to the Air Traffic Control System.
Apart from the antenna, transmitter and
waveguide components, the equipment in
the system is configured in dual channels
to provide a totally redundant system.
Cross connections between redundant
modules permit additional failures to
occur while the system continues in
operation, in comparison to other systems.
The transmitter is implemented using
N+2 redundancy providing inherent high
reliability with a fail-soft operation. Due
to power margin and considering graceful
degradation, the transmitter can be
maintained without interruption of service.
The configuration of the radar consists of Range 50 m, rms
a Terminal Approach radar to 60 nm with
a rotation rate of 15 rpm, a Mid-range
Terminal Approach version to 80 nm with Noise figure 2 dB
a rotation rate of 12 rpm, and 100 nm with
a rotation rate of 10 rpm, performance
of the systems is identical except for the
extended coverage provided by the Mid-
range version.
• Internally redundant architecture
• Solid-state Transmitter with graceful
degradation and hot repair
• High dynamic range receivers (84 dB at
signal processor input)
• Sampling at IF, digital I&Q generation
and demodulation
• Commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) Power- Circular (right hand)
PC based Generic Processors for Signal and
Data Processing-growth for the future,
scalability, load balancing, portability
• Fully programmable processing parameters- Filters 14
site adaptation and optimization
• The A-MTD employs adaptive processing R-CFAR, CM-CFAR, MTAT, MTAC
techniques in Time and Doppler domain to
uniquely identify aircraft and clutter returns
• User friendly control and monitoring
interfaces - Graphical for ease of
understanding
• Wide range of interfaces
primary surveillance 2d s band radar
Characteristics summary
Frequency 2.7 to 2.9 GHz
Frequency Diversity & Agility 2 frequencies (Long/short pulse)
75 MHz frequency diversity. Possible exchange
of frequencies for subsequent CPI
Peak power 22 Kw
RF TX & Sectorize (1.4º)
Blanking Synchronous clutter map
Pulse width Short pulse: 1.2 µs
Long pulse: from 60 to 98 µs
PRF 700 to 1300 Hz (custom-built)
Stability 63 dB
MTI improvement factor 57 dB
Sub-Clutter visibility >50 dB
Instrumented range 60 nm or 80 nm or 100 nm
Detection range >60 nm or >80 nm or >100 nm
Reliability
Availability 99.999%
MTBCF 45,000 hours
MTTR 20 minutes
Resolution
Range 230 m rms (short pulse)
170 m rms (long pulse)
Azimuth 2.5º rms
Accuracy
Azimuth 0.15º, rms
Receiver
Sensitivity -126 dBm
Dynamic range 84 dB at signal processor input (without
pulse compression)
STC 3 stages (2 RF and digital)
ADC 16 bits @ 93 MHz
Antenna
Beams 1 transmit, 2 receive
Gain 34 dB (low beam)
32.5 dB (high beam)
Azimuth beamwidth 1.35º
Elevation beamwidth 4.5º cosecant squared +40º
Rotation speed 10/12/15 rpm
Polarization Linear (vertical)
Receiving paths 4 simultaneous each channel
Processing
Type A-MTD doppler filter bank
False alarm control Interference suppression/detect
Clutter and Digital STC map
Anomalous prop detection
Windfarm mitigation, LTE immunity
Weather channel US-NWS 6 level detection
Ground clutter suppression filters
Capacity >1500 targets
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Altitude (Kft)
50 40 30 25 20 15
60 10 9
8
7
6 Elevation (º)
55
5

50

45
4

40

35
3
30

25

2
20

15

1
10

0 0

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100

Range (NM)

No failure
Failure in 10% of transistors
Failure in 20% of transistors

Coverage

The coverage of the system is as above,
operating at 15 rpm with a 1 m2 target
(standard target Swerling Case I) is such
that a target is detected within the
Operational Coverage Volume (OCV), with a
Pd (Probability of detection) of at least 80%
at video extractor inputo guarantying an
overall Pd at plot level better than 90%.
The graph shows that detection
requirements are fully accomplished:
detection range is 87.9 nm.
The previous graph shows the fail-soft
capabilities that allow detection range of at
least 60 nm with failure in 20% of transistors
or 2 Power Amplifiers switched off.
For 80 nm configuration operating at 12 rpm,
detection range is 90,3 nm (Data reporting is
shown up to 80 nm).

primary surveillance 2d s band radar

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