ACTUATORS Recap

 Pump - Converts Mechanical energy into Hydraulic / Other Energy

 Hydraulic Pump – Converts Mechanical energy into Hydraulic Energy
 Actuators – Converts Hydraulic Energy into Mechanical Energy
 Cylinders – Linear Actuators
 Motors – Rotary Actuators
 Motor – Converts Particular energy into Mechanical Energy (Rotation)
• They extract energy from a fluid and
convert it to a mechanical output to  Electric Motor – Converts Electric energy into Mechanical Energy
perform useful work
 Hydraulic Motor - Converts Hydraulic energy into Mechanical Energy
Dr. M. Puviyarasan
Associate Professor in Mechanical Engineering ,  Pneumatic Motor – Converts Pneumatic energy into Mechanical Energy
Panimalar Engineering College, Chennai-600 123.
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Applications of Actuators and other FPS

A micro hydraulic power pack

 0.1 to 3 liters
 150 to 800 watt DC motors
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A fully assembled mini hydraulic power pack Standard Hydraulic Power Pack Units
 mainly used for industrial
applications
 huge power and high flow
rates
 handle heavy loads for a
long period of time
 180 liters
 flow rate of about 100
liters/minute.
 a motor rating of about
30kW

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A mini hydraulic power pack Hydraulic Power Unit Stations

 0.8 and 30liters
 DC 0.8kW to 4.0kW
motor
 AC 0.75kW to 7.5kW
motor
 come with remote
control options

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 Hydraulic Power Unit Stations
 Designed for specific applications
 Include sewage treatment, construction and mining applications
 Custom designs to meet the specific requirement of any unique
application
 As the sizes increase, their capacity and power also increases

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Single Acting, Single ended Cylinder

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Single Acting, Single ended Cylinder Single-acting hydraulic cylinder

 Simple
 Compact
 Larger stroke length are not possible

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Single-acting hydraulic cylinder

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Single-acting hydraulic cylinders Double Acting Cylinder

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A single acting hydraulic power pack Double Acting Cylinder

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Double Acting Cylinder Double Acting Cylinder

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Double Acting Cylinder Double Acting Cylinder

 Force = Pressure x Area of the piston

By assuming Pr. & Q as constant

During Extension
 Force is high

 Velocity is low

During Retraction Area of the Piston

 Force is low @ Cap end : Ap
 Velocity is high @ Rod end : Ap-Ar
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Double acting systems are preferable; Because . . . A double acting hydraulic power pack
 Existence of enough force to return the piston to its original
position.
 They have a small hydraulic reservoir. Therefore, they are a perfect
choice where the space available is limited.
 Corrosion is reduced since the rod is lubricated by the fluid that
flows in both ends of the hydraulic cylinder. This reduces the
possibility of wear and tear.

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Double Acting Cylinder

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Cushioning of Cylinders Cushioning of Cylinders - Operation

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Cushioning of Cylinders Cushioning of Cylinders

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Cushioning Pressure

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Maximum speeds in cushioned cylinders

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 Tandem Cylinder

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Tandem Cylinder

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Telescopic Cylinder Telescopic Cylinder

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Telescopic Cylinder Telescopic Cylinder

Single-acting telescopic cylinders
 Used in applications where some form of load is always
on the cylinders.
 The classic single-acting telescopic applications are
dump trucks and dump trailers.
 Pressurized oil extends the telescopic cylinder to raise
one end of the dump body.
 When pressure is released, the weight the dump body
forces oil out of the cylinder, it retracts.
Double-acting telescopic cylinders
 Used in applications where neither gravity nor external
force can retract the cylinder.
 They are well suited to non-critical positioning
applications requiring extension and retraction
movement of a substantial load.
Constant thrust, constant speed

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Telescopic Cylinder
 As the name infers, these are constructed like a telescope.
 Sections of steel tubing with successively smaller diameters nest inside
each other.
 The largest diameter section is called the main or barrel; the smaller-
diameter sections that move are called stages; the smallest stage is also
called the plunger.
 The maximum practical number of moving stages seems to be six.
 Theoretically, cylinders with more stages could be designed, but their
stability problem would be daunting.

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Telescopic Cylinder
 Telescopic cylinders normally extend from the largest stage to the
smallest.
 This means the largest stage — with all the smaller stages nested inside
it — will move first, and complete its stroke before the next stage begins
to move.
 This procedure will continue for each stage until the smallest-diameter
stage is fully extended.
 Conversely, when retracting, the smallest-diameter stage will retract
fully before the next stage starts to move.
 This continues until all stages are nested back into the main.

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Limitations of Telescopic Cylinder

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Solution to the above problem – Hoist Stabilizer Double Rod cylinder

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MOUNTING CONFIGURATIONS

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MOUNTING CONFIGURATIONS Mechanical Linkages combined with Hydraulic Cylinders

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Cylinder Mountings

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Applications of Rotary Actuator

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Gear Motor Vane Motor

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Screw Motor Vane Motor

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Vane Motor Piston Motor – Bent Axis

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Piston Motor – Bent-Axis Piston Motor – Swash Plate

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Piston Motor – Swash Plate

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Hydrostatic Transmission Limited Rotation Actuator

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Vane type Semi rotary actuators Double Vane Semi rotary actuators
Double-vane versions are
limited to about 100°;
80x103 N.m, of
movement.

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Single Vane Semi rotary actuators

 Vane actuators
are relatively
simple with
few moving
parts.
 Single-vane
models rotate
about 280°;
 40x103 N.m,

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Rack and Pinion semi-rotary actuator Chain-and-sprocket rotary actuator

80 KN.m @ 210 bar

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Helical Gear rotary actuator Piston type or lever arm actuator

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Classification of Actuators

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Symbols

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Rodless Cylinders

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