Accessories - Handouts

Accessories Accumulators - Types
 Weight-loaded, or gravity, type

 Spring-loaded type
 Gas-loaded type
Dr. M. Puviyarasan
Associate Professor in Mechanical Engineering ,
Panimalar Engineering College, Chennai-600 123.
13 April 2021
Weight-loaded, or gravity type
Slide 3
Dr. M. Puviyarasan, Associate Professor, Panimalar Engineering College, Chennai. Dr. M. Puviyarasan, Associate Professor, Panimalar Engineering College, Chennai.
Accumulators Weight-loaded, or gravity type

 A hydraulic accumulator is a device that stores the potential energy
of an incompressible fluid held under pressure by an external
source against some dynamic force.
 This dynamic force can come from three different sources: gravity,
mechanical springs, and compressed gases.
 The stored potential energy in the accumulator is a quick secondary
source of fluid power capable of doing useful work as required by
the system.
13 April 2021 Slide 2 13 April 2021 Slide 4

Weight-loaded, or gravity type Spring-loaded type
 Oldest.
 Vertical, heavy-wall steel cylinder.
 Dead Weight is attached to the top of the piston.
 Force of gravity of the dead weight provides the
potential energy in the accumulator.
Advantages
 Creates a constant fluid pressure throughout the full
volume output of the unit regardless of the rate and
quantity of output.
Limitations
 Extremely large size and heavy weight which makes it
unsuitable for mobile equipment.
Slide 5 13 April 2021 Slide 7
13 April 2021
Spring-loaded type Spring-loaded type

 Piston is preloaded with a spring.
 The spring is the source of energy that acts against the piston,
forcing the fluid into the hydraulic system.
 The pressure generated depends on the size and preloading of
the spring.
Advantages
 Less Expensive
 Easy to maintain
Limitations
 The pressure exerted on the fluid is not a constant.
 It delivers relatively small volume of oil at low pressures.
 Tend to heavy and large for high-pressure, large-volume

systems.
 Not applicable for high cycle rates because the spring will
fatigue and lose its elasticity.

Gas-loaded type Gas-loaded type


 Hydropneumatic accumulators.
 More practical applications.
 In accordance with Boyle's Law of gases.
 For a constant temperature process, the pressure of a gas varies inversely with its
volume.
 i.e., The gas volume of the accumulator would be cut in half if the pressure were
doubled.
 The compressiblity of gases accounts for the storage of potential energy.
 This energy forces the oil out of the accumulator when the gas expands due to
the reductio of system pressure when, an acutator rapidly moves a load.
 Non- Separator Type and Separator Type

Sample Circuit Gas-loaded type

 Piston Type
 Ability to accommodate very high or low temperature system fluids by the use of compatible
‘O’ ring seals. (200 bar)
 Expensive
 Not suitable for low pressure
 No damping effect
 Bladder Type
 Quick response to system demand
 Positive Sealing
 Useful for damping pulsations
 Bladder may fall quickly
 Diaphragm Type
 Small weight to volume
 Incompatible
 No constant fluid outlet

Diaphragm & Bladder ype
Operation of a
Bladder-type
accumulator
Specify ??
Diaphragm-type
Operation of a
accumulator

Accumulator as a leakage compensator Accumulator as a Emergency Power Source
Some systems, due to safety the

cylinder should be retracted
 Holding Time
 Saves electrical even though the normal supply
power and reduces of oil pressure is lost due to a
heat in the system. pump or electrical power
failure.

Accumulator as an auxiliary power source Accumulator as a hydraulic shock absorber
 During the extension of cylinder (full), the

accumulator is being charged by the pump.
 During retraction, oil flows from the pump and
accumulator to retract the cylinder rapidly.
 Accumulator size is selected to supply adequate oil
during the retraction stroke.

Accumulator as a hydraulic shock absorber What is Wrong in this Circuit?
• One of the most important industrial applications of accumulators.
• Elimination or reduction of high-pressure pulsations or hydraulic shock.
• Hydraulic shock (Water hammer) is caused by the sudden stoppage or deceleration
of a hydraulic fluid flowing at relatively high velocity in a pipeline.
• This shock creates a compression wave at the source, where the rapidly closing
valve is located.
• This wave travels at the speed of sound upstream to the end of the pipe and back
again, causing an increasing in line pressure.
• It travels back and forth along the entire pipe length until its energy is finally
dissipated by friction.
• This shock may cause damage to the hydraulic system components.
• The accumulator serves as a shock-suppressing device.

Accumulator as Thermal Expansion Compensator For the circuit, give the sequence of operation of cylinders 1 and 2
when the pump is turned on. Assume both cylinders are initially fully
retracted.

Automatic cylinder Reciprocating System for two cylinders Double Acting Pressure Intensifier
Air operated
hydraulic boosters
are used
commonly for
 clamping
 Holding
 Punching
 Presses
 Jacks
 torque
wrenches
 valve
actuating
 pressure
testing …
Note: The 4/2 DCV’s should be
replaced by 4/3 DCV’s for
appropriate actuation.
Pressure Intensifiers Pressure Intensifier Circuit

Air-over-oil Circuit
The man who asks a question is a fool for a minute,
the man who does not ask is a fool for life
—Confucius
THANK YOU !
muthupuvi@gmail.com
13 April 2021 Slide 33

Air-over-oil Intensifier Circuit

Hydro – Pneumatic Circuit (or)
Pneumo- Hydraulic Circuit (or)
Dual Pressure Systems
13 April 2021 Slide 34

Dr. M. Puviyarasan, Associate Professor, Panimalar Engineering College, Chennai.

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Accessories Accumulators - Types

 Weight-loaded, or gravity, type

Accumulators Weight-loaded, or gravity type

13 April 2021 Slide 2 13 April 2021 Slide 4

Spring-loaded type Spring-loaded type

 It delivers relatively small volume of oil at low pressures.

 Tend to heavy and large for high-pressure, large-volume

13 April 2021 Slide 6 13 April 2021 Slide 8

13 April 2021 Slide 9 13 April 2021 Slide 11

Gas-loaded type Gas-loaded type

13 April 2021 Slide 10 13 April 2021 Slide 12

13 April 2021 Slide 13 13 April 2021 Slide 15

Sample Circuit Gas-loaded type

 Not suitable for low pressure

 Useful for damping pulsations

 Bladder may fall quickly

 No constant fluid outlet

13 April 2021 Slide 14 13 April 2021 Slide 16

13 April 2021 Slide 18 13 April 2021 Slide 20

Some systems, due to safety the

13 April 2021 Slide 21 13 April 2021 Slide 23

Accumulator as an auxiliary power source Accumulator as a hydraulic shock absorber

 During the extension of cylinder (full), the

13 April 2021 Slide 22 13 April 2021 Slide 24

13 April 2021 Slide 25 13 April 2021 Slide 27

13 April 2021 Slide 26 13 April 2021 Slide 28

Pressure Intensifiers Pressure Intensifier Circuit

13 April 2021 Slide 30 13 April 2021 Slide 32

13 April 2021 Slide 33

Air-over-oil Intensifier Circuit

13 April 2021 Slide 34

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