Learning comes in several general forms, Broadly classified as

1. Supervised Learning
2. Unsupervised Learning
3. Reinforcement Learning

• 1. Supervised Learning : In supervised learning, a teacher provides a

category label or cost for each pattern in a training set, and we seek
to reduce the sum of the costs for these patterns.
Teacher will indicate
i) whether the system is performing correctly
ii) to indicate the desired response
iii) to indicate the amount of error
iv) validate the acceptability of system’s response
Block Diagram of Supervised Learning
2. Unsupervised Learning :
• In unsupervised learning or clustering there is no explicit teacher, and
the system forms clusters or “natural groupings” of the unlabeled
input patterns.
• Given a particular set of patterns or cost function, different
clustering algorithms lead to different clusters.
Block Diagram of Unsupervised Learning
• Reinforcement Learning :
• The most typical way to train a classifier is to present an
input, compute its tentative
category label, and use the known target category label to
improve the classifier.

• In reinforcement learning or learning with a critic, no desired

category signal is given; critic instead, the only teaching
feedback is that the tentative category is right or wrong.

• This is analogous to a critic who merely states that something

is right or wrong. Thus only binary feedback is given to the
classifier
• Reinforcement learning also describes the case where
a single scalar signal, say some number between 0 and
1, is given by the teacher.

• Reinforcement Learning(RL) enables an agent to learn

in an interactive environment by trial and error using
feedback from its own actions and experiences.

• Though both supervised and reinforcement learning

use mapping between input and output, unlike
supervised learning where feedback provided to the
agent is correct set of actions for performing a task,
reinforcement learning uses rewards and punishment
as signals for positive and negative behavior.
Block Diagram of Reinforcement Learning