Lukita Yuviananda

02411840000064
KELAS D
STUDY GUIDE EXERCISE
PART A
A survey was done to customers and manufacturers to explore their needs
toward reliability information/ reliability parameters. The result of the survey
can be read in the attached file.
You are asked to:
- Categorize customers’ needs based on their similarity
- Categorize manufacturers’ needs based on their similarity
- Relate customers’ needs and manufacturers' needs
- Write life parameter/reliability parameter/hazard function
that can be used to measure each identified need for both
customers and manufacturers
Life parameters/reliability parameters/hazard function include f(t), h(t), H(t),
F(t), R(t), R(x+t/x), MRL, MTTF, BX, etc.

PART B
1. The failure rate of an electronic item is 0.005 failures per hour, and its times to failure
follow the exponential distribution. Calculate the probability that the item will fail during
a 50-hour mission.
2. Assume that the time to failure of an automobile is exponentially distributed and its
failure rate is 0.003 failures per hour. Calculate the automobile’s reliability for a 10-hour
mission,
3. A machine has a failure density function equals to 2𝑡𝑒−𝑡9, the hazard rate equals to 3𝑡.
Please find the MTTF!

4. Diketahui:
MTTF = Mean = 984 hours
λ = 1/Mean = 0.00101626
Jawab:
f T ( t ) =λ e− λt=0.001e−0.001 t

∞ ∞
R ( t )=∫ f T ( x ) dx=∫ 0.001 e−0.001 x dx=[−e−0.001 x ]∞t =e−0.001t
t t

888
1 1 1 888
MRL ( 888 )=
R ( 888 ) ( ) (
984−∫ e−0.001t dt ¿ −0.888 984 +
0 e 0.001
[ e−0001t ]0 )
1
¿ −0.888
( 984+1000 e−0.888−1000 )¿ 2.430 ( 984+ 411.477−1000 )=961.009 hours
e
 Lukita Yuviananda
02411840000064
KELAS D
8 −1 1 −32 −15
5. F ( t )=1− e + e =1−0.421+1.809 =0.579
7 7
R ( t )=1−F ( t )=0.421
dF (t ) 8 e−8 t 8 e−32
f ( t )= ¿− ¿− =1.447
−14
dt 7 7
f (t) 1.314
h ( t )= = =3.121
R (t) 0.421
1
MTTF=
h (t)
1
¿
3.121
¿ 0.32041
−1
−1 4
6. R ( t )=e 25 t
−1
−1 4
t
25
F ( t )=1−R ( t )=1−e
−1
−1 −1
1
4
t
f ( t )=R ( t ) × h ( t ) ¿ e 25
× t 4
25
1
MTTF=
h (t)
1
¿ −1
1 4
t
25
25
¿ −1
4
t
−1
−1 4
1
25
F ( t )=1−e =1−0.960=0.0392
= 0.0392 x 200
= 7.84
Pada saat 200 unit digunakan secara bersama-sama, terdapat failure senilai 7.84.

7. A. Reability
t = 104 h
= 10000 h
= 1.141 year
h(t) = 0.006(1.5+2t+3t2)
= 0.006(1.5+2(1.141)+ 3(1.141)2
= 0.006(1.5+2.282+3.905643)
= 0.006(7.687643)
= 0.0046125858
 Lukita Yuviananda
02411840000064
KELAS D
R(t) = e− λt =e−0.0046× 1.141=0.948

B. Survive

t = 103 h
= 1000 h
= 0.114 year
h(t) = 0.006(1.5+2t+3t2)
= 0.006(1.5+2(0.114)+ 3(0.114)2
= 0.006(1.5+0.228+0.038988)
= 0.006(1.766988)
= 0.010601928
R(t) = e− λt =e−0.0106× 0.114 =0.998

C. Number Of Failures

h(t) = 0.006(1.5+2t+3t2)
= 0.006(1.5+2(1)+ 3(1)2
= 0.006(1.5+2+3)
= 0.006(6.5)
= 0.0039
R(t) = e− λt =e−0.0039× 1=0.998

F(t) = 1-R(t)
= 1-0.916
= 0.039
= 3.9%

8. A. Reability

t = 105 h
= 100000 h
= 11.41 year
h(t)
−11.41
¿ 0.003 ( 1+2.5 e )¿ 0.00538
−3 ×11.41 50
+e

R(t)

¿ e− λt =e−0.00538×11.41 =0.9403
 Lukita Yuviananda
02411840000064
KELAS D
B. MTTF

1 1 1
¿ = = =88.3 year
h(t) −11.41 0.00538
(
0.003 1+2.5 e−3× 11.41 +e 50 )
C. 10 System Reability

t = 103 h
= 1000 h
= 0.114 year
h(t)
−0.114
¿ 0.003 ( 1+2.5 e −3 × p .114
+e 50 )¿ 0.01131
D. Failure 1 Year
h(t)
−1
( )
¿ 0.003 1+2.5 e−3+ e 50 ¿ 0.006313

R(t)

¿ e− λt =e−0.006× 1=0.9937
F(t) = 1-R(t)
= 1-0.9937
= 0.0003
= 0.3%

9. A manufacturer intends to introduce a new product. Five products are subjected to a

reliability test. The mean of the failure times is 300 h and the variance is 90.000 h2 .
Since the number of failure data is limited, it is difficult to determine with an acceptable
confidence level the type of the failure-time distribution. a. What is the expected number
of failures at 500 h? b. The similarity between this product and another product that has
already been in the market for the last 10 years indicates that the failure-time distribution
is likely to follow gamma distribution. What is the expected number of failures under
these condition at 500 h? compare the result with (a) above. What do you conclude?
a. Expected Number of Failures at 500 h
R ( 500 )=e−λt =e−(0,003 )× 500 =0,22313
f ( 500 )=λ . e−λt =( 0,003 ) × e−(0,003) ×500 =0,00066 9
f ( t ) 0,000669
h ( 500 )= = =0,00299 8
R ( t ) 0,22313
F ( 500 ) =1−R ( t ) =1−0,22313=0,77687=77,69%
 Lukita Yuviananda
02411840000064
KELAS D
b. expected number of failures at 500 h (likely to follow gamma distribution)

10. The failure time of a new brake drum design is observed to follow a gamma distribution
with pdf of 𝑓(𝑡) = 𝜆(𝜆𝑡) 𝛾−1𝑒 −𝜆𝑡 Г(𝛾)
For γ = 2 and λ = 0,0002, determine
a. The expected number of failures in 1 year of operation
b. The MTTF
c. The reliability at t = 1000 h
d. Solve the problem when γ = 3 and λ = 0,0002. Compare the result with question
number a-c. Which brake system is better? Give your analysis

11. Diketahui:
MTTF = Mean = 900 hours
λ = 1/Mean = 0.00111
Jawab:
f T ( t ) =λ e− λt=0.001e−0.001 t

∞ ∞
R ( t )=∫ f T ( x ) dx=∫ 0.001 e−0.001 x dx=[−e−0.001 x ]∞t =e−0.001t
t t

750
1 1 1 750
MRL ( 750 )=
R ( 750 ) ( ) (
900− ∫ e−0.001t dt ¿ −0.75 900+
0 e 0.001
[ e−0001t ]0 )
1
¿ −0.75
( 900+1000 e−0.75−1000 )¿ 2.117 ( 900+ 472.367−1000 )=788.301 hours
e

12. Assume that the time to failure of a light bulb is exponentially distributed and its failure
rate is 0.0001 per hour. There are 1,000 light bulbs installed in an underground tunnel
owned by a piping company, thus those light bulbs will be on continuously.
a. Calculate the light bulb’s reliability for 20 days
b. Make a monthly procurement plan for the first 6 months.
c. Currently the company is using Brand A. Brand B offers a better light bulb that have
reliability 50% higher. If the price of each light bulb produced by both brands is the
same, revise the monthly procurement plan of the company.
 Lukita Yuviananda
02411840000064
KELAS D
d. Company B states that the minimum order is 250 items, while Company B does not
have minimum order policy. Do you think it is profitable for the piping company to
switch from Brand A to Brand B?

13. Automobile company declares that their automobile follows exponential distribution with
failure rate equal 0,003 failures per month. Average life of an automobile in the market is
roughly 10 years
a. What is the probability of survival after 10 years?
b. What is the MTTF of the automobile?
c. Is MTTF showing 50% failure within the population?
d. Learn the concept of B1, B2, B5, B10. If B1 of brand A is 10,000km & brand B is
20,000km, analyse the connection with the fact that warranty of brand A is 20,000km &
brand B 10,000. e. What is the burn in period to make sure that the automobile can
operate at the constant hazard rate

14. A. Find The Value of C

2 2
4

0
[ ( )]
2
F ( t )=∫ c t ( 3−t ) dt ¿ c t −

2
t
4
3

2
0

24 04
[ ( )] [ ( )] [
¿ c 2−3
4 0
- c 03 −
4 0
¿ c ( 8−4 ) ]−[ c ( 0 ) ]1=C 4

C=1/4
C=0.25
B. Find The Function of R
1 3 t4
R t =1−F t =1− t −
( ) ( )
4 (4 )
15. Diketahui :
b = 0.01
t = 15 h
Jawab:
h ( t )=0.1 β t β −1=0.1 ×0.01 ×150.01−1=6.84967−5

16. Diketahui :
MTTF = Mean = 1000 hours
λ = 1/Mean = 1/1000 = 0.001
Jawab:
f T ( t ) =λ e− λt=0.001e−0.001 t
 Lukita Yuviananda
02411840000064
KELAS D
∞ ∞
R ( t )=∫ f T ( x ) dx=∫ 0.001 e−0.001 x dx=[−e−0.001 x ]∞t =e−0.001t
t t

500
1 1 1 500
MRL ( 888 )=
R ( 500 ) 0
(
1000−∫ e−0.001t dt ¿ −0.5 1000+
e 0.001 ) (
[ e−0001t ]0 )
1
¿ −0.5
( 1000+1000 e−0.5 +1000 )¿ 1.649 ( 1000+ 606.531−1000 )=1000.169 hours
e
−1
−1 4
t
17. R ( t )=e 25
−1
−1 4
t
25
F ( t )=1−R ( t )=1−e
−1
−1 −1
1
4
t
f ( t )=R ( t ) × h ( t ) ¿ e 25
× t 4
25
1
MTTF=
h (t)
1
¿ −1
1 4
t
25
25
¿ −1
4
t
−1
−1 4
1
25
F ( t )=1−e =1−0.960=0.0392
= 0.0392 x 200
= 7.84
Pada saat 200 unit digunakan secara bersama-sama, terdapat failure senilai 7.84.

18. a. The reliability for 100hrs operation is…….

Jawab:
−100
500
R ( t )=e =0.8187

b. The reliability for 1000hrs operation is…….

Jawab:
−1000
500
R ( t )=e =0.1353
 Lukita Yuviananda
02411840000064
KELAS D
19. a. Termasuk jenis apakah komponen tersebut ?.
t t
−∫ h ( t ) dt
R ( t )=e 0 −0.001t
=e ∫ h ( t ) dt=0.001th ( t )=0.001
0

Nilai h(t) yang konstan menunjukkan failure yang konstan pula.

b. Tentukan keandalannya untuk pemakaian selama 500 jam !.
R ( 500 )=e−0.001 .500=e−0.5 =0.606
c. Tentukan keandalannya untuk pemakaian selama 500 jam utuk komponen yang telah
berumur 100 jam !.
R (500+100) e−0.001 .600 e−0.6 −0.5
R ( 500∨100 ) = = −0.001 .100 = −0.1 =e =0.606
R(100) e e
20. Diketahui :
MTTF = Mean = 1000 hours
λ = 1/Mean = 1/1000 = 0.001
Jawab:
f T ( t ) =λ e− λt=0.001e−0.001 t

∞ ∞
R ( t )=∫ f T ( x ) dx=∫ 0.001 e−0.001 x dx=[−e−0.001 x ]∞t =e−0.001t
t t

500
1 1 1 500
MRL ( 888 )=
R ( 500 ) 0
(
1000−∫ e−0.001t dt ¿ −0.5 1000+
e 0.001 ) (
[ e−0001t ]0 )
1
¿ −0.5
( 1000+1000 e−0.5 +1000 )¿ 1.649 ( 1000+ 606.531−1000 )=1000.169 hours
e