(Ch5)

UN in Mozambique 1990-94

Mozambique
- Civil war had begun after it gained independence in 1975
- They fought the SA back with the Mozambique Resistance Movement (RENAMO)
- By 1991 there were severe droughts and its economy was damaged
- Oct 1992 both sides were exhausted and signed a General Peace Agreement (GPA)
- Asked UN to send peacekeeping force
- Dec 1992 ONUMOZ was created

ONUMOZ in Action
- Wide-ranging mandate which combined humanitarian peacekeeping and political task
- Military situation:
- Monitor ceasefire
- Monitor withdrawal
- Provide security for UN and routes taken
- Humanitarian Assistance
- Protect and monitor humanitarian assistance
- support refugees
- Support and help with elections
- The special representative could make decisions without going through the security council
- UNCIVPOL monitored all police activities and it made sure that all political rights were respected
- October 1994 occured the first multi-party elections were held
- UN forces finally withdrew Jan 1995

Why did ONUMOZ Succeed?

- Compared to the Balkans everyone agreed and was involved
- Major powers supported the ONUMOZ
- Mozambique was ready to work for peace
- Timing of resolving the conflict was perfect as the cold war was ending and the SA
- Also either side saw no one was going to win and they were both exhausted