(Ch5)

UN in Sudan 2005-11

Sudan 2005
- The south had been fighting to gain independence from the north
- After years of civil war it gained independence through a truce: Comprehensive Peace Agreement

Darfur and Janjaweed

- In 2003 whilst peace negotiations were taking place a crisis developed in the western province of
Darfur
- The long-term drought had led to tensions
- Darfur accused the government of being neglected
- Eventually fighting broke out between rebel groups and the Sudanese government forces which were
allied with the Janjaweed militia (The rebel group was)
- The atrocities that occurred lead Darfur to be categorized as ethnic cleansing

Darfur and the International Community

- The African Union (AU) sent a mission known as AMIS (African Union Mission in Sudan) to Darfur in
2005
- It helped negotiate the peace agreement in 2006
- It was supported by the UN but not by most of the fighting forces in Darfur
- The security council did not intervene before 2006 because:
- Peace deal was close in 2003 and they didn’t want to stop that
- USA and Britain were fighting in Iraq in 2003
- China just did a deal with Sudanese oil in 2003
- Darfur was complicated as there was many parties involved
- The Un wanted to help in 2006 but the Sudanese government didn’t allow it

A Failure to Protect?
- In 2007 UN sent 19000 peacekeepers to Darfur
- Mission was to:
- Monitor events
- Protect Humanitarian relief efforts
- Support voluntary disarmament

UNAMID
- In 2008 a joint mission of AU/UN was created
- It sent 18000 peacekeepers and police to Sudan
- It was too:
- Protect civilians
- Help humanitarian help delivery
- Work to stop conflict
- Work to promote, human rights, signing the treaty, looking at the roots of the conflict to stop it
- By 2009 there were more than 16000 aid workers helping 4.7 million people in Darfur
- March 2009 that number reduced as Sudan demanded them to leave
- Omar al-Bashir demanded this after the ICC (International Criminal Court) demanded his arrest for war
crimes
 (Ch5)
- UNAMID which stayed lacked resources and was overworked it was failing
Sudan 2011
- South Sudan
- South of Sudan was born in 2011
- The UN is still working there to help make the country stable and establish law and order
- It provides military liaison officers
- Darfur
- In July 2011 the Sudanese government signed a peace agreement with a range of rebel groups
- They formed the Liberation and Justice Movement (LJM)
- It was given an important role in the government
- It included carrying out the peace agreement
- The violence though still continues and the refugee camps are permanent
-