HISTORY PROJECT

• INTERNATIONAL ORGANISATION FOR PEACE

TANISHQ PATIL
 INDEX
TOPIC PAGE NO

INTRODUCTION: THE NEED FOR THE FORMATION OF INTERNATIONAL

1 3-4
ORGANISATION FOR PEACE IN THE 20TH CENTURY

2 WAS THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS A COMPLETE FAILURE? 5

ROLE OF UNITED NATIONS IN IMPROVING THE CONDITION OF PEOPLE IN

3 6-7
SRI LANKA AND GHANA

4 THE ROLE OF INDIA IN THE NON-ALIGNED MOVEMENT 8

5 RELEVANCE OF NAM IN THE FUTURE 9

CONCLUSION: THE ROLE OF ABIY AHMED ALI IN MAINTAINING WORLD

6 10
PEACE

7 BIBLIOGRAPHY AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 11

 THE NEED FOR THE FORMATION OF THE UNITED
NATIONS
• The 20th century had seen two world wars that left a
misery and depression in nearly every country. The
wars costed millions of dollars and millions lost
their lives and many people became disabled,
homeless and unemployed. There came a realisation
that another world war might lead to the possibility
of complete destruction. The leaders started thinking
of an organisation to maintain world peace.
• The league of nations was born after the first world
war for the preservation of peace but it failed to
prevent another world war.
 THE NEED FOR THE FORMATION OF THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS
• The horrors of the war convinced the leaders of
the world that there must be a mechanism to
prevent war and promote international
cooperation. This culminated in the setting up of
the League of Nations in the year 1920.
• A important part of the peace treaties was the
covenant of the League of Nations. Wilson’s
fourteen points included the creation of an
international organisation for preservation of
peace.
 WAS THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS A COMPLETE FAILURE ?
• The League of Nations was a complete failure. The League of Nations was
not able to control the rise of aggressive nationalism in Italy and Germany
in the form of Facism and Nazism. Adolf Hitler and Mussolini had setup
dictatorship in Germany and Italy respectively. Britain and France the
leading members of the league followed a policy of appeasement.
• In 1931, Japan intervened in Manchuria and inspite of the League’s
opposition occupied it and setup a government there. China appealed to the
League of Nations to declare sanctions against Japan. Britain and France
did not pay any attention to the appeal.
• In 1920, Russia was invaded by Poland and the Russians were unable to
prevent poles from advancing into Russia. The Russians were forced to sign
the Treaty of Riga, which gave Poland nearly 80,000 square kilometre of
Russian land to Poland. The League of Nations did not try to prevent this
action due to Russia not being a part of the league. Thereon, the league was
accused of showing preferential treatment for certain countries.
 ROLE OF UN IN IMPROVING THE CONDITION OF PEOPLE IN SRI LANKA
• The United Nations began its work in Sri Lanka in 1952. Three years later, on
14 December 1955, Sri Lanka was admitted as a member state of the UN.
• For more than sixty years, the UN, in partnership with the government and
people of Sri Lanka, continues to work to ensure that all Sri Lankan people
enjoy better living conditions. Collectively and through its 23 specialised
agencies, funds, programmes and offices in Sri Lanka, the UN addresses the
needs and creates opportunities for the poor, the most vulnerable and the young.
• The UN has cultivated broad and wide ranging partnerships – with the
Government, civil society, the broad NGO community, bilateral donors, and
international financial institutions – to address a multitude of challenges, both
in long term development, and during times of emergency.
• Moving forward, the UN strives to support the Government of Sri Lanka to
achieve sustainable and inclusive economic growth, with equitable access to
quality social services, strengthened human capabilities and reconciliation for
long-lasting peace.
 ROLE OF UN IN IMPROVING THE CONDITION OF PEOPLE IN GHANA
• The United Nations has been present in Ghana since the early 1960s and work in
partnership with the Government and people of Ghana for sustainable economic
and social development, peace and human rights.
• Major work of UN in Ghana:
1. In October 2018 the UN in Ghana and the Government of
Ghana launched the United Nations sustainable Development Partnership, a five
year strategic framework that sets out the collective vision and response of the
UN system to national Development priorities.
2. In 2012 Ghana requested to
adopt the ‘Delivering as on ’ approach. The Sustainable Development Goals area
global call to action to end poverty, protect the Earth’s environment and climate,
and ensure that people everywhere can enjoy peace and prosperity.
• These are the goals the UN is working on in Ghana:
1. No Poverty
2. Zero Hunger
3. Good Wealth and Well Being
4.Quality Education, etc.
 THE ROLE OF INDIA IN THE NON-ALIGNED MOVEMENT
• India’s role in Non-Aligned Movement was significant for
reasons mentioned below: 1. Prime
Minister of India, Jawaharlal Nehru was one of the five
founder of NAM. 2. As a leader of
NAM, India stayed away from the two camps. Not only
this, India asked the newly decolonised countries not to
become part of those alliances.
3. It was a policy of not of ‘being neutral’
but of active intervention too, India intervened in the
Korean War. India tried to involve other members of the
non-aligned group with her. India repeatedly tried to
activate those regional and international organisation which
were not part of the alliances led by the US AND USSR.
 RELEVANCE OF NAM IN THE FUTURE
• According to the critics, NAM is no longer relevant because of the
changed international environment, from Bi-polar to uni-polar. But
whatever the world is – bipolar, multi-polar or unipolar, non-alignment as
a foreign policy of the small / weak states will continue to remain valid. 
• In other words, the policy will last as long as the sovereign nation states
exist.
• Non-alignment with the hegemony of great powers- The declaration of
the Jakarta Summit conference 1992 assured, NAM has contributed to the
ending of bipolar in the world and to the elimination of the cold war.
Membership of the NAM has more than quadrupled from about 25 states
in 1961 to 118 today. There could be no hope of survival in the age of
nuclear bombs, if war happens. Therefore, NAM is then a pioneer nuclear
destruction. It demanded complete elimination of all nuclear weapons.
The movement also stood opposed to the treaties on WMD (Weapon of
Mass Destructions) which were not universal in nature.
 ABIY AHMED ALI
• Abiy Ahmed Ali took up the post of Prime Minister of Ethiopia in April 2018. The
country was ravaged by a protracted conflict with its neighbour, Eritrea, over a
disputed border area. An international arbitration commission ruled in favour of Eritrea
in 2002, but the Ethiopian government refused to accept the ruling. After 16 years of
“no war, no peace” between the two countries, Abiy Ahmed broke the deadlock and
accepted the decision. In September 2008, he and Eritrean President Isaias Afewerki
signed a historic peace agreement.
• Abiy Ahmed has also engaged in other peace and reconciliation processes in and
around the Horn of Africa. In his own country, he granted an amnesty to political
prisoners and abolished press censorship. He also focused on empowering women. In a
short time, the country’s president, Federal Supreme Court president and half of the
ministers in his government were women, including the Minister of Peace.
• Democratisation poses serious challenges in a country with 100 million inhabitants and
more than 80 different ethnic groups. In 2019, Ethiopia, a country with no tradition of
free elections and democracy, was still racked by major internal conflicts. At the time
Abiy Ahmed received the Nobel Peace Prize, there was considerable suspense as to
whether he would succeed in fulfilling his promise of free and fair elections in 2020.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
www.wikipedia.in
www.leadersleague.com
www.iasscore.in
www.ghana.un.org
www.britannica.in
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to express my special thanks of gratitude to History teacher Miss Monisha
Mahajan for her able guidance and support in completing my project.
I would like to to extent my gratitude to the principal ma’am Madhmumati Roy Chowdhary
and Vice-Principal sir for providing me with all the facilities that I required.
Lastly, I would like to thank my parents and friends who helped me with their valuable
suggestions and guidance.