Vocabulary-Unit 3: Budding Nation

Arctic Council
o An intergovernmental organization (IGO) that
combines the authority of government to address the specific
concerns of a group of people.
o Member states include Canada, Russia, Denmark,
Finland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, and the United States.
o The Arctic Council also includes Indigenous peoples from
these countries as permanent participles.
This includes the Inuit, Saami, Aleut
Gwichin, and the Russian Association of Indigenous Peoples.
These permanent participant organizations are international
non-governmental organizations (INGO).
Economic Stability
o Refers to the absence of excessive fluctuations in the
economy.
o Advantages of having economic stability are increased
productivity, improved efficiencies, and low unemployment.
o If a country becomes economically unstable, it can
experience a large reduction in international investments and
spending, and the country may enter a depression.
o An example of a country with economic stability is
Australia.
European Union (EU)
o A unique economic and political partnership between 28
European countries that cover much of the continent.
o The European Union was created in 1958, in the aftermath
of the Second World War.
o The idea was to foster economic cooperation that would
help countries trade with one another so they would become more
economically interdependent, making it more likely they would avoid
conflict.
o The first countries to join the EU were Belgium, France,
Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, and the Netherlands.
Foreign Aid
o When many governments around the world work together
to improve the quality of life of people in developing countries, and to
combat issues such as poverty, human rights violations, famine, AIDS,
and other health concerns.
This is done primarily through financial aid
and the funding of government programs.
o The Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA)
works in partnerships around the world to support sustainable

development in developing countries, and to offer humanitarian

assistance in areas of need.
o The largest recipient of foreign aid from Canada was
Ethiopia, followed by Haiti.
Humanitarianism
o The belief that all human beings deserve to be treated
with respect and dignity.
o Loyalty to humanitarianism drives people to save lives
and alleviate suffering.
o World Vision is an example of a humanitarian
organization, as they work to promote childrens rights, address the
HIV/AIDS crisis, and provide relief to victims of natural disasters.
International Agreements
o A formal written agreement between two or more nations.
o There are many different types of international
agreements that can be made, including environmental, health related,
human rights, and terrorism.
o An example of an environmental related international
agreement made by Canada is the United Nations Basel Convention on
the Control of Transboundary of Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal.
This international agreement was ratified by
20 countries, and controls the Transboundary movement of
hazardous wastes through its provisions for Prior Informed
Consent that must be met before any shipment of wastes is
permitted.
International Law
o A way to control how nations treat one another by giving
a set of rules regarding and accepting binding in relations between
states and nations.
o An example is that, under the United Nations Convention
on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), nations are expected to follow a set
of rules that determine water boundaries, fishing rights, salvage rights,
protocol between vessels at sea, harbor regulations, the use of national
flags, and registries.
o Another example is The North Atlantic Treaty Organization
(NATO). NATO is a multinational military international law designed to
promote a strong defensive posture to the world.
LOrganization Internationale de la Francophonie (OIF)
o A cultural and linguistic community of more than 175
million people who use French to vaying degrees in their daily lives.
o As of 2007, La Francophonie had 55 member states in its
organization, including Canada, Quebec, and New Brunswick.
o There are four major components to this organization:
University Agency of La Francophonie (AUF)
This organization has its
headquarters in Montreal, with 616 member institutions in

70 countries. These universities focus on promoting

higher education for Francophone students.
Senghor University, Alexandria
This university was established
in 1990, and was designed to promote health and
nutrition, and develop management and administration
skills in French-speaking people to support development
in Africa.
TV5
An international Frenchlanguage television network that reaches over 200
nations around the world.
International Association of Francophone
Mayors (AIMF)
Established in 1979 by the
mayors of Paris and Quebec City. The programs in it are
designed to support Francophone communities around the
world in dealing with management issues, municipal
infrastructure, promoting culture and heritage, health
issues, and emergency situations.
Pluralism
o A form of society in which members of different groups
are encouraged to maintain their independent cultural traditions, and
where differences are valued and protected.
o Pluralism emphasizes the importance of diversity and
respect for differences.
o Many Canadians and people around the world view
Canada as a model pluralistic society.
o As Canada changes, pluralism allows for the diversity of
new perspectives and experiences to be honored within the country,
which ensuring a society that respects individual and collective rights
and democratic principles.

Self-Determination
o Self-determination is a nations right to freely
determine its political status and pursue its economic, social, and
cultural development.
o It is a nations ability and desire to fulfill its peoples
economic, social, cultural, and political needs so that the nation
can continue to exist and grow.
o An example of self-determination happened following
the First World War. Hitlers rise to power was based on the
principle of national self-determination.
Self-Government

o Self-government is the government of a country by its

own people.

o The idea of self-government and sovereignty spread in

multiple countries during the early 1900s. Every country wanted to
control themselves, which resulted in conflict, and ultimately led to the
First World War.

Successor State
o When large nations break up, the states that result
are called successor states.
o An example of successor states being created
occurred after the First World War and the Treaty of Versailles.
The Austro-Hungarian Empire was completely torn apart into
several successor states, including Czechoslovakia and Austria.
The Russian empire lost much of its western land, which formed
successor states, one of them being Poland.
o Other successor states created after World War one
and the Treaty of Versailles were East and West Prussia.

Supranationalism
o Nations putting aside their self-interests to work with
other nations for the good of the collective, or for global good.
o The well-being of humanity as a whole is placed above the
well-being of any one particular nation.
o Examples of supranational organizations include The
United Nations (UN), The African Union (AU), and The World Trade
Organization (WTO).
World Council of Indigenous Peoples
o An international organization that promotes the interests
and self-determination of Indigenous peoples.
o The organization seeks to ensure fair and just treatment,
and a united voice for over 370 million Indigenous people worldwide.