CONTEMPORARY WORLD

Global Interstate
System
A state is a territory with its own institutions and
populations while A nation is a large group of people who
inhabit a specific territory and are connected by history,
culture, or another commonality.

Basic Elements of State:

1. Territory
2. People
3. Sovereign Power and government
 Global Interstate System
It is the whole system of human interactions.
The modern world-system is structured
politically as an interstate system – a system of
competing and allying states. Political Scientists
commonly call this the international system, and
it is the main focus of the field of International
Relations.
 Economic Integration
• can be described as a process and
a means by which a group of
countries strives to increase their
level of welfare.
• It is an arrangement between
different regions that often includes
the reduction or elimination of trade
barriers, and the coordination of
monetary and fiscal policies
 7 Stages of Economic Integration
01 Preferential Trade Areas (PTAs) – trade agreement between
countries belonging to the same geographical area

02 Free Trade Agreement (FTA) – agreed policies in trading such as

free trade, to countries belonging to a geographical trade union.

03 Custom Union – Goods inside the union can move freely with no
additional tariffs
 7 Stages of Economic Integration
04 Common Market – aside from free trade, CM also made free
movement of labor and capital among members.

05 Economic Union – coordinated monetary and fiscal policies as well as

labor market, regional development, transportation and industrial policies.

06 Economic and Monetary Union – single economic market, a common

trade policy, a single currency and a common monetary policy

07 Complete Economic Integration – States that participate in complete

economic integration have no control of economic policy including economic
trade rules
 Effects of Globalization in
Government
POSITIVE
ü Resolves borderless problems and
conflicts and environmental
Example: Treaties
Ø The Montreal Protocol on
substances that depletes the
ozone layer
Ø Kyoto Protocol – a treaty for
reducing carbon emission
NEGATIVE
§ bring out local and global conflicts
§ Environmental problems
§ Crime and terrorism
Example:
Ø Construction of mega Dams that
displaced numerous indigenous
people
Ø Developments of lands that affect
the environment and people
 Institutions That Governs
International Relations
GLOBAL REGIONAL
§ UNITED NATIONS (UN) § ECONOMIC COMMISSION FOR AFRICA (ECA)
§ WORLD BANK § ECONOMIC COMMISSION FOR EUROPE (ECE)
§ INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND (IMF) § ECONOMIC SOCIAL COMMISSION FOR ASIA AND THE
§ WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION (WTO) PACIFIC(ESCAP)
§ WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION (WHO) § ECONOMIC COMMISSION FOR LATIN AMERICA AND
§ OECD THE CARRIBEAN (ESCLAC)
§ INTERNATIONAL LABOR ORGANIZATION § ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMISSION COMMISSION
§ FOOD AND AGRICULTURAL ORGANIZATION OF THE FOR WESTERN ASIA (ESCWA)
UNITED NATION (FAO)
§ UNESCO
§ INTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION ORGANIZATION
(ICAO)
§ IMO INTERNATIONAL MARITIME ORGANIZATION
§ INTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATION UNION (ITU)
§ THE WORLD INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
ORGANIZATION (WIPO )
United Nations
United States President FRANKLIN
ROOSEVELT coined the name
united nations that was used in the
declaration of United Nation on 1 of
January 1942. UN means allies to
fight against the Axis Powers in the
Second World War II.

The main function of the United

Nations is to preserve international
peace and security.
United Nations
1. Maintaining worldwide peace and
security
2. Developing relations among
nations
3. Fostering cooperation between
nations in order to solve economic,
social, cultural, or humanitarian
international problems
4. Providing a forum for bringing
countries together to meet the UN's
purposes and
5. goals
World Trade Organization
• Regulates international
trades
• Deals with rules of
trades between
nations
• Ensure smooth flowing
trade or free as
possible
World Health Organization
• Global health and disease
• WHO’s core global functions
to ensure better
effectiveness of all health
actors, but achieving this
global mission could be
hampered by narrowing
activities and budget
reallocations from core
global functions.
Special Agencies:
A United Nations agency dealing with labor problems,
particularly international labor standards, social protection, and
work opportunities for all.

A United Nations agency dealing with efforts to defeat hunger,

malnutrition to rural, agriculture, forestry and fisheries and
livelihood.

International collaboration through educational, scientific, and

cultural reforms to increase universal respect for justice, human
rights, fundamental freedom; contributes to build peace
 Challenges in Global
Governance
• ethnic conflicts
• infectious diseases
• terrorism
• Climate change
• food and water scarcity, international
migration flows and new technologies