The Global

Governance
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
⮚Define and identify the features of global governance in
the modern world.
⮚Compare and contrast Global Governance and National
Governance
⮚Develop an argument in favor or against the establishment
of the world government.
 World Government:
Is it Viable?
⮚it is challenging to manage diverse
societies and communities with
different socio-economic situations.
⮚Arriving at a decision that would
satisfy everyone is virtually impossible
without ever committing
inconvenience and discomfort on
another group.
International Organizations
as an alternative answer
⮚Without completely losing its
sovereignty, states band together
to form international
organizations.
⮚These organizations are
voluntary in nature, states are not
required to participate or follow a
certain rule unless they chose to.
 Global Governance vs. National/State Government

National Governance (government) - by virtue of sovereignty

provided all powers as concentrated. This means that
government tackles all the issues ranging from security,
economy, culture, and politics, and has the monopoly to
decide how to resolve these issues.

Global Governance - manages different issues through

different actors. The ability to provide solutions is distributed
from different actors either state or non-state actors or both.
 International Organizations
- “entities established by formal political agreements between
their members that have the status of international treaties;
their existence is recognized by law in their member countries;
they are not treated as resident institutional units of the
countries in which they are located”.
-OECD Glossary of Statistical Terms
 UNITED NATIONS
• the UN has 193 countries as its members
• headquartered in New York, USA.
• Established on October 24, 1945, the UN replaced the
League of Nations after World War II.
• It took the role of peacekeeper of the world and assumed
necessary powers to avoid conflicts resulting in a world
war through its various agencies or organizations, each
established because of a particular role.
 INTERNATIONAL
MONETARY FUND
Established in: 1944
Headquarters: Washington DC
Purpose: Promotes international monetary
cooperation.
• The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is an organization of 189
countries, working to foster global monetary cooperation, secure financial
stability, facilitate international trade, promote high employment and
sustainable economic growth, and reduce poverty around the world.
• The IMF's primary purpose is to ensure the stability of the international
monetary system—the system of exchange rates and international
payments that enables countries (and their citizens) to transact with each
other.
 INTERNATIONAL LABOUR
ORGANIZATION
Established in: 1919
Headquarters: Geneva, Switzerland
Purpose: To improve conditions and living
standards of workers.
The only tripartite U.N. agency, since 1919 the ILO
brings together governments, employers and
workers of 187 member States , to set labour
standards, develop policies and devise programmes
promoting decent work for all women and men.
 WORLD BANK
With 189 member countries, staff from more than
170 countries, and offices in over 130 locations,
the World Bank Group is a unique global
partnership: five institutions working for
sustainable solutions that reduce poverty and
build shared prosperity in developing countries.
February 2, 2022 March 4, 2022
 WORLD TRADE
ORGANIZATION
Established in: 1995
Headquarters: Geneva
Purpose: Setting rules for world trade to
reduce traffic.
• The World Trade Organization (WTO) is the only global international
organization dealing with the rules of trade between nations.
• The goal is to ensure that trade flows as smoothly, predictably and
freely as possible.
• The WTO has over 160 members representing 98 per cent of world
trade. Over 20 countries are seeking to join the WTO.
 United Nations Educational,
Scientific and Cultural
Organization

• The 193 UNESCO member states

Established in: 1945
Headquarters: Paris, France
Purpose: To promote collaboration among
nations through education science and culture.
 WORLD HEALTH
ORGANIZATION
Established in: 1948
Headquarters: Geneva, Switzerland
Purpose: Attainment of highest possible level
of health by all people.

• Working with 194 Member States, across six regions,

and from more than 150 offices.
• Our primary role is to direct and coordinate
international health within the United Nations system.
2 actors in international politics –
state and non-state actors
State - recognized as a legal entity
in the world.

Non-state actors - divided into two

groups – civil society and market.
 United Nations Children's
Fund
Established in: 1945
Headquarters: New York
Purpose: To promote children’s welfare
all over the world.

UNICEF works in over 190 countries and territories

to save children's lives, to defend their rights, and to
help them fulfil their potential, from early childhood
through adolescence.
Civil society is comprised of groups or organizations
working in the interests of the citizens but operating
outside of the governmental and for-profit sectors
(businesses) examples of this are non-governmental
organization (NGOs) and media companies.
 CIVIL SOCIETY
“Civil society ... refers to a wide array of organizations:
community groups, non-governmental organizations
[NGOs], labour unions, indigenous groups, charitable
organizations, faith-based organizations, professional
associations, and foundations.” – World Bank
 CIVIL SOCIETY
- sometimes called the “third sector” (after
government and commerce) - has the power to
influence the actions of elected policy-makers and
businesses.
- It is the sector in between the public sector and
private sector which connects the two by providing
service to the public without gaining profit from the
government.
 Private
companies and
institutions

Government
Market is normally composed of
large financial institutions such as
World Trade Organizations, World
Bank and International Monetary
Bank and the multinational
corporations (MNCs) whose huge
wealth could influence the state
both positively and negatively.
 market
• A set up where two or more parties
engage in exchange of goods, services and
information.
• Markets are a type of 'institution' or
mechanism that exists to facilitate
exchange, co-ordination and allocation of
resources, goods and services between
buyers and sellers, between producers,
intermediaries and consumers
Global Governance could be
defined as the sum of laws, norms,
policies and institutions that define,
constitute and mediate transborder
relations between states, cultures,
citizens, intergovernmental and
non-governmental organizations
and the market.
Global Governance in Action
The United Nations was
established after World War II
due to the common recognition
among states that there should
be an avenue through which
states could discuss and argue
their concerns without
resorting to conflict or war.
 Global Governance in Action
In 1989, 20 countries ratified
the Montreal Protocol
completely banning the
Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
found in aerosols, refrigerators,
air conditioners, food
packaging that greatly
damages the ozone layer.
 Global Governance in Action
As early as 1886, the Berne
Convention for the
Protection of Literary and Artistic
Works has been adopted by
dozens of states protecting the
works and upholding the rights
of their creators.
 Global Governance in Action

Most recent example of global

governance is the call of
hundreds of scientists from
around the world for the World
Health Organization to recognize
coronavirus as airborne.
So how does all these international
organizations contribute/ affect
World Governance?
What do they solve?

GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE AND POLLUTION

What do they solve?

POVERTY AND MANAGEMENT OF

ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
What do they solve?

WATER SCARCITY
What do they solve?

FINANCIAL INSTABILITY
What do they solve?

GLOBAL ECONOMIC CRISIS

What do they solve?

MANAGEMENT OF GLOBAL TRADE AND INVESTMENT

What do they solve?

GLOBAL ENERGY MARKET

What do they solve?

GLOBAL MIGRATION
What do they solve?

PANDEMICS
What do they solve?

TRANSNATIONAL TERRORISM
What do they solve?

TRANSNATIONAL ORGANIZED CRIMES

Resources