HOMEWORK

Name and explain the most international institutions that you find, that were created
in the postwar negotiations.

-United Nations : The United Nations is an international organization founded in 1945

after the Second World War by 51 countries committed to maintaining international
peace and security, developing friendly relations among nations and promoting social
progress, better living standards and human rights.
Due to its unique international character, and the powers vested in its founding
Charter, the Organization can take action on a wide range of issues, and provide a
forum for its 193 Member States to express their views, through the General
Assembly, the Security Council, the Economic and Social Council and other bodies and
committees.

-International Monetary Fund: The International Monetary Fund, or IMF, promotes

international financial stability and monetary cooperation. It also facilitates international
trade, promotes employment and sustainable economic growth, and helps to reduce global
poverty. The IMF is governed by and accountable to its 190 member countries.

-World Bank: The World Bank is like a cooperative, made up of 189 member countries
These member countries, or shareholders, are represented by a board of governors , who
are the ultimate policymakers at the World Bank. Generally, the governors are member
countries' ministers of finance or ministers of development. They meet once a year at
the annual meetings of the Boards of Governors of the World Bank Group and
the International Monetary Fund.

-UNICEF : s an agency of the United Nations (UN) based in New York that provides
humanitarian and development assistance to children and mothers in developing
countries. It is one of the members and the executive committee of the United Nations
Development Group.2

It was originally created in 1946 as the United Nations International Children's Emergency
Fund (Unicef) to help children in Europe after World War II. In 1953, Unicef became a
permanent agency within the UN system, charged with helping children and families and
their rights. Its name was shortened to its current name, but the original acronym was
retained.

Unicef works in more than 191 countries and territories through different programs and
National Committees. Its work is guided by the Convention on the Rights of the Child and
focuses on five priority areas of work: child survival and development, education and
gender equality, children and HIV/AIDS, child protection, and policy advocacy and
partnerships.

-World Health Organization : Founded in 1949 WHO is the United Nations agency that
connects nations, partners and people to promote health, keep the world safe and
serve the vulnerable – so everyone, everywhere can attain the highest level of health. 
WHO leads global efforts to expand universal health coverage. We direct and
coordinate the world’s response to health emergencies. And we promote healthier
lives – from pregnancy care through old age. Our Triple Billion targets outline an
ambitious plan for the world to achieve good health for all, using science-based
policies and programmes. 

-International Bank for reconstruction and development : The International Bank for
Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) is a global development cooperative owned by 189
member countries. As the largest development bank in the world, it supports the World Bank
Group’s mission by providing loans, guarantees, risk management products, and advisory
services to middle-income and creditworthy low-income countries, as well as by coordinating
responses to regional and global challenges. 

Created in 1944 to help Europe rebuild after World War II, IBRD joins with IDA, our fund for the
poorest countries, to form the World Bank.  They work closely with all institutions of the World
Bank Group and the public and private sectors in developing countries to reduce poverty and
build shared prosperity.

-General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade : The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
(GATT), signed on October 30, 1947, by 23 countries, was a legal agreement minimizing
barriers to international trade by eliminating or reducing quotas, tariffs,
and subsidies while preserving significant regulations.1 The GATT was intended to
boost economic recovery after World War II through reconstructing and liberalizing
global trade.

-Inter-American Develop Bank : We work to improve the quality of life in Latin America
and the Caribbean. We help improve health, education and infrastructure through
financial and technical support to countries working to reduce poverty and inequality.
Our goal is to achieve development in a sustainable and climate-friendly manner. With
a history dating back to 1959, today we are the leading source of development finance
for Latin America and the Caribbean. We provide loans, grants and technical
assistance, and conduct extensive research. We maintain a strong commitment to
measurable results and the highest standards of integrity, transparency and
accountability.

The IDB prioritizes social inclusion and equity, productivity and innovation, and
regional economic integration in its development work throughout Latin America and
the Caribbean. In doing so, it addresses the cross-cutting issues of gender equality and
diversity, climate change and environmental sustainability, and institutional capacity
and the rule of law. Find out more about the Institutional Strategy here.

-The un Refuges Agency : is the United Nations agency responsible for protecting
refugees and people displaced by persecution or conflict, and promoting durable
solutions to their situation, through voluntary resettlement in their country of
origin or host country. It is headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland, and has more
than 250 offices around the world. The right to asylum and refuge is enshrined in
the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.