Republic of the Philippines

WESTERN MINDANAO STATE UNIVERSITY

College of Social Work and Community Development
Bulatok, Pagadian City

Global Interstate System

Report Title
Members:

Lualhati, Jilvert S.

Irog-irog, Kem

Getigan, Ernalyn

Parila, Erich Joy

Defining State

Ø A state is a political entity that regulates society and the population within a territory.
Government is considered to form the fundamental apparatus of contemporary states.
Most often, a country has a single state, with various administrative divisions.

Defining Interstate

Ø The interstate system is a concept used within world-systems theory to describe the
system of state relationships that arose either as a concomitant process or as a
consequence of the development of the capitalist world-system.

Global Interstate System

Ø It defines the global interstate system as the whole system of human interactions
structured politically as competing and allying states, which is the focus of international
 relations. various states in international relations to provide stability of all nations around
the globe through the implementation of international policies or international treaties.
Ø The theory of the interstate system holds that all states are defined through their
relationship to other states or through participation in the world economy, and that
divisions between states help to divide the world into a core, periphery and semi-
periphery.

Effect of Globalization on Government

Government

Ø a group of people who have the ultimate authority to act on behalf of a state.
Ø As the world became more interconnected through politics, trade and communication, the
role of nation-states and governments are also shifting. Thus, national and local policies
are not only based on local context but also international and global realities.
Ø However, there is another side of globalization that negatively affects local governments
and local communities.
• Ex. Farmers vs. global investors

What are the effects of globalization on governments?

1.On a broad generalization, excessive printing of money leads to inflation.

2. If the government borrows too much from abroad, it leads to debt Crisis.

3. If it draws down on its foreign exchange reserves, a balance of payments crisis may arise.

4. Excessive domestic borrowing by the government may lead to higher real interest rates.

5. The domestic private sector being unable to access funds resulting "crowding out" of private
investment.

The Positive and Negative Effects of Globalization in Governments

• Positive Effect
Globalization brings governments together so that they can tackle common goals together. For
example, due to globalization world leaders have seen the impact of pollution and have resolved
to tackle climate change together.

• Negative Effect

Some adhere to the consequences of globalization include terrorism, job insecurities, currency
fluctuation and price instability.

Four Challenges to the Government

1. Traditional Challenges

Ø Larger markets, greater specialization opportunities, and the increased ability to exploit
economies of scale and scope.
Ø Faster transmission of technology and innovation.
Ø Greater competitive pressure on domestic firms to increase their productivity.

2. Challenges from National/Identity Movements

Ø It is important to know that a nation has cultural identity that people attached to, while a
state is a definite entity due to its specific boundaries.

3. Global Economics

Ø Government austerity comes from developments of organizations that cooperate across

the countries such as WTO and regional agreements, NAFTA, European Union (EU) and
the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEANS).

4. Global Social Movements

Ø Social movements of people that are spontaneous or that emerge through enormous
grassroots organizations.

Institutions that govern international relations

Ø United Nations
Ø NATO
Ø Non-governmental organizations
Ø World Trade Organization
 Ø International Monetary Fund
Ø United Nations Conference on Trade and Development

United Nations

Ø Was designed to be a place where countries could come to discuss their issues without
resorting to violence and war.
Ø Maintaining peace and building friendships and providing a forum where countries could
gather to discuss global issues.

NATO – North Atlantic Treaty Organization

Ø NATO is a defensive treaty or military alliance between the United States, Canada, and
25 European counties. This treaty and international organization is based on the idea of
collective security. The countries in this organization basically agreed to combine their
militaries and will protect its member states.

Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs)

Ø A non-profit organization that functions independently of any government and not tied to
any county or nation-state. Sometimes called civil societies-organized on community,
national and international levels to serve a social or political goal such as humanitarian
causes or environment.

Examples:

Red Cross, Doctors Without Borders, And the Amnesty International

World Trade Organization

Ø WTO was formed in 1995 to replace the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
(GATT), which was started in 1948. GATT was replaced by WTO because GATT was
biased in favor of developed countries. Was formed as a global international organization
dealing with the rules of international trade among countries.

International Monetary Fund

Ø It works to secure financial stability, develop global monetary cooperation, facilitate

international trade, and reduce poverty and maintain sustainable economic growth around
the world.
United Nations Conference on Trade and Development

Ø It provides a forum where the developing countries can discuss the problems related to
economic development.
Ø UNCTAD was created because the existing institutions, such as GATT, IMF, and World
Bank were not concerned with the problem of developing countries. UNCTAD’s main
objective is to formulate the policies related to areas of development, such as trade,
finance, transport, and technology.

Security Council

Ø This group of countries decides what to do when two or more countries are waging war
or are on the verge of fighting. There are five permanent members of the UN Security
Council - the United States, Great Britain, Russia, China, and France. In addition to the
five members, 10 additional countries join the permanent members for two-year terms,
making a total of 15 countries.

UNICEF

Ø The General Assembly provides a forum for member states to express their views and
reach a consensus. The UN is not all about fights. It has a program called UNICEF
(United Nations Children's Emergency Fund) its primary goal is to help children around
the world. They collect funds to distribute emergency relief from famine and poverty and
disease. It also provides education programs in areas where there are no schools.

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

Ø Cover a range of concerns for the improvement of all aspects of life. According to the
UN, sustainable development encompasses economic prosperity, social well-being, and
environmental protection.

UNEP

Ø United Nations Environment Programme

Ø Addresses Environmental issues, such as pollution and hazardous wastes.

IPCC

Ø Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

Ø Took efforts in order to mitigate climate change.