T HE U NITED NA TIONS

A ND CONTEMP ORA R Y
GL OBA L G OV E RNA NC E
LESSON 4
Good day students! Welcome to our Class!
In lesson no.3 we tackled the establishment of the League of
Nations, the doorway for the establishment of the United
Nation after the Second World War. In this week’s lessons,
we will discuss the existence of a Global Organization,
which is the United Nations and its different organs. First,
we will define the meaning of international organization and
its power. After which, we will deepen our understanding
about international organization by deepening our
knowledge about the United Nations.
OBJECTIVES:
- Define global governance.

- Define international
organizations.

- Define united nations.

- Identify the roles and functions

of the united nations.

- The p5

- Determine the challenges of

global governance in the
twenty-first century.
WHAT IS GLOBAL GOVERNANCE?

• Refers to the various intersecting process that

creates order.
• Shaping globalization.
 GLOBAL GOVERNANCE
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION (IO)
- International intergovernmental
organizations or groups that are
primarily made up of member-
states.
NATION- STATE
-modern phenomenon in human history
where people organized themselves as a
country.
NATION
- Large body of people united by
common descent, history, culture, or
languange, inhabiiting a particular
country or territory.
STATE
-formed by people and permanent
power within a specified territory.
I N T E R N AT I O N A L
O R G A N I Z AT I O N

The term is commonly used

to refer to international
intergovernmental
organizations or groups that
are primarily made up of
member-states.

Ex.

IMF

World Bank
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS (IO)

FALLACY TRUTH
• International organization is that they are 1. Power of CLASSIFICATION
merely amalgamation of various state 2. Power to FIX MEANINGS
interest.
3. Power to DIFFUSE NORMS
• Ex.
The IMF was able to promote a particular
form of economic orthodoxy that stemmed
mainly from the beliefs of its professional
economist.
POWER OF
C L A S S I F I C AT I O N

IO’s can invent and

apply categories

They create a powerful

global standards.
P O W E R TO F I X
MEANINGS

This is the broader function related

to the first.

Various terms like “security” or

“development” need to be well-
defined.

States, organizations, and

individuals, view IOs as legitimate
sources of information.
P O W E R TO
DIFFUSE NORMS

They spread Norms that are

acceptable codes of conduct
that may not be strict law, but
nevertheless produce
regularity in behavior.
EFFECTS:

• IO’s can be sources of great good and great harm.

• They can promote relevant norms like environmental
protection and human rights.
• But like other entrenched bureaucracies, they can become
sealed- off communities that fail to challege their beleifs.
International Organization
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UNITED NATIONS
THE DOOR TO THE ESTABLISHMENT
OF UNITED NATIONS
• The League of Nations was an international
organization, headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland,
created after the First World War to provide a forum
for resolving international disputes. Suggested by
Woodrow Wilson, the United States never joined and
it remained powerless
 AFTER WORLD WAR TO AND DUE TO THE
FAILURE OF LEAGUE OF NATIONS

• The United Nations (UN) was established. It became an

intergovernmental organization tasked with maintaining
international peace and security, developing friendly relations
among nations, achieving international co-operation, and
being a centre for harmonizing the actions of nations. It aims
at preventing future wars, and succeeded the ineffective
League of Nations.
THE PRINCIPAL ORGANS OF THE UN
General Assembly
Security Council
Economic and Social Council
International Court of Justice
The Secrétariat

(Trusteeship Council)
GENERAL ASSEMBLY
• It occupies the central position as the chief deliberative, policy-
making and representative organ of the United Nations.
• A forum for multilateral discussion on international issues between
192 Members of the United Nations
• It plays a significant role in the process of standard-setting and the
codification of international law.
• The Assembly meets in regular session intensively from September
to December each year, and thereafter as required.
SECURITY COUNCIL

• 5 permanent members:
China, France, Russia, UK
and the United States
• 10 rotating members
• Responsible for the
maintenance of
international peace and
security.
THE SECURITY COUNCIL HAS THE
RESPONSIBILITY TO…
• to investigate any dispute or situation which might lead to
international friction;
• to recommend methods of adjusting such disputes or the
terms of settlement;
• to formulate plans for the establishment of a system to
regulate armaments;
• to determine the existence of a threat to the peace or act of
aggression and to recommend what action should be taken;
• to call on Members to apply economic sanctions and other measures
not involving the use of force to prevent or stop aggression;
• to take military action against an aggressor;
• to recommend the admission of new Members;
• to exercise the trusteeship functions of the United Nations in
"strategic areas";
• to recommend to the General Assembly the appointment of the
Secretary-General and, together with the Assembly, to elect the
Judges of the International Court of Justice.
ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COUNCIL
• ECOSOC coordinates economic, social, and related
work of the 14 UN specialized agencies, functional
commissions and five regional commissions.
• ECOSOC consults with academics, business sector
representatives and more than 2,100 registered non-
governmental organizations.
ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COUNCIL
• It is responsible for:
promoting higher standards of living, full employment, and
economic and social progress;
identifying solutions to international economic, social and health
problems;
facilitating international cultural and educational cooperation;
and
encouraging universal respect for human rights and fundamental
freedoms.
 INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE
• The International Court of
Justice (ICJ) is the
principal judicial organ of
the United Nations (UN).
• It was established in June
1945 by the Charter of the
United Nations and began
work in April 1946.
• The seat of the Court is at
the Peace Palace in The
Hague (Netherlands).
 INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE
• The Court’s role is to settle, in accordance
with international law, legal disputes
submitted to it by States and to give
advisory opinions on legal questions
referred to it by authorized United Nations
organs and specialized agencies.
• The Court is composed of 15 judges, who
are elected for terms of office of nine years
by the United Nations General Assembly
and the Security Council.
• Its official languages are English and French.
 THE SECRETARIAT
• The Secretariat is made up of a tens of thousands of international staff members
working at UN Headquarters. They’re responsible for servicing the other organs
of the United Nations and administering the programmes and policies laid down
by them. The Secretariat is headed by the Secretary-General, who is appointed
by the General Assembly.
• The secretary-general of the United Nations (UNSG or just SG) is the head of the
United Nations Secretariat, one of the six principal organs of the United Nations.
The secretary-general serves as the chief administrative officer of the United
Nations. The role of the United Nations Secretariat, and of the secretary-general
in particular, is laid out by Chapter XV of the United Nations Charter.
 THE SECRETARIAT
FUNCTIONS OF THE SECRETARY - GENERAL

• The Charter describes the Secretary-General as "chief administrative

officer" of the Organization, who shall act in that capacity and perform
"such other functions as are entrusted" to him or her by the Security
Council, General Assembly, Economic and Social Council and other
United Nations organs.
• to "bring to the attention of the Security Council any matter which in his
opinion may threaten the maintenance of international peace and
security".
TRUSTEESHIP COUNCIL
• Responsible for supervising the
administration of Trust Territories placed
under the Trusteeship System.
• Major goals : to promote the advancement
of the inhabitants of Trust Territories and
their progressive development towards
self-government or independence.
TRUSTEESHIP COUNCIL
• The aims of the Trusteeship System have been
fulfilled to such an extent that all Trust Territories
have attained self-government or independence,
either as separate States or by joining neighbouring
independent countries.
• The Council suspended operation on 1 November
1994, with the independence of Palau, the last
remaining United Nations trust territory, on 1
October 1994.
CHALLENGES OF THE UNITED NATION
• The UN is not a world government, and it functions
primarily because of voluntary cooperation from states.
• If states refuse to cooperate the influence of the UN can be
severely circumscribed.
• Biggest Challenge of UN is related to issues of security -
UN Security Council is tasked with authorizing
international acts of military intervention.
KOSOVO WAR
• Kosovo war. Serbian leader
Slobodan Milosevic was
committing acts of ethnic cleansing
against ethnic Muslim Abanians in
the province of Kosovo.
• NATO - North Atlantic Treaty
Organization, led by the United
States, sought SC authorization to
intervene in the Kosovo war on
humanitarian grounds.
• China and Russia , threatened to
veto any action, rendering the UN
incaplable of addressing the crisis.
CIVIL WAR IN SYRIA
• Civil War in Syria. Russia has
threatened to veto any SC
resolution against Syria. Syrian
President Bashar al-Assad is
an ally of Russian Dictator
Vladimir Putin.
• The UN is again ineffectual
amid a conflict that has led to
over 220,000 people dead and
11 million displaced.
.
 UNITED STATES SOUGHT TO INVADE IRAQ IN 2001.

• It claimed that Iraq's

Saddam Hussein had
Weapons of Mass
Destruction that threatened
the world. Russia, China,
France were unconvinced
and vetoed the UN
Resolution for intervention.
 END OF THE
PRESENTATION.

THANK YOU !!