Lesson 8 Contemporary

Global Governance
 Global Governance

• Is there a single state that various states are accountable

to?
• Is there an organization that can military compel a state to
obey global rules?
The answer would be none. Because there is no single
government that can rule the world. Global government
doesn’t exist!

But, how is the world governed even the absence of global

government?

GLOBAL GOVERNANCE is the key.

 What is Global Governance?

• As defined by Young (1999),

global governance is the formal
and informal arrangements
that produce a degree of order
and collective action above
the state in the absence of a
global government. This will
be through the coordination of
the state and non-state actors -
the International
Governmental Organizations
(IGOs) and International Non-
Governmental Organizations
(INGOs).
IGOs and INGOs
IGOs
• International Governmental
Organizations (IGOs) are formed
by states.
• States come together to form an
organization, and they establish a
structure based on a formal
instrument of agreement.
• For instance, ASEAN was
basically formed when the ten
nations in Southeast Asia joined.
• Other examples are: World Trade
Organization (WTO), World Bank,
International Monetary Fund (IMF)
and the most prominent of all is
the United Nations (UN).
INGOs
• International Non-Governmental
Organizations (INGOs) are
generally private, voluntary
organizations whose members
are individuals or a group of
people.
• Usually, NGOs are created to
solve specific issue.
• Examples are: Greenpeace
(environmental group), World
Wild Fund (wild animal
protection group), Amnesty
International (human rights
group).
• Among the various international
organizations, the United Nations is
said to be the primary venue and
formal arrangement for global
governance involving states and
non-state actors.
• Thus, to explore global governance
in the contemporary world, we will
put the spotlight on the U.N as it is
today’s most prominent international
organization.
 United Nations

• The United Nations is an international

organization founded in 1945, in the
wake of the Second World War, as a
way to prevent future conflicts on that
scale.
• The destruction caused by the Second
World War compelled the people to
establish an international organization
for keeping the world away from war
and in favour of friendship and
cooperation among all the nations.
• It is currently made up of 193 Member
States
 The UN Charter:

• The Charter is the Constitution of the United

Nations Organization (UNO). It was made in
October 1944 by the Dumbarton Oaks
(Washington DC) Conference.
• It lays down the rules which govern the
organization and functions of the UNO and all its
organs.
• The Charter has a Preamble, 19 Chapters and 111
Articles which explain the purposes, principles,
organs, and operating methods of the UN.
The purposes of the UN are defined in Article 1
of the UN Charter.

These are:
1. To maintain international peace and security and to
take adequate steps to avert wars.
2. To develop friendly relations among nations on the
basis of equality.
3. To achieve international co-operation in solving
international problems of an economic, social, cultural
or humanitarian character.
4. To be a center for harmonizing the actions of nations
in the attainment of these common ends.
 Principles of the UN
The principles are the means to achieve the objectives
of the UN. These are contained in Article 2 of the UN
Charter:
1. All the member states are equal.
2. The member states shall fulfill their obligations to the
UN honestly.
3. The member states shall settle their international
disputes by peaceful means.
4. The member states shall refrain in their international
relations from the threat or use of force against any
other state.
 Principles of the UN

5. The member states shall give to the UN every

assistance in any action it takes in accordance with
the UN Charter.
6. The states which are not members of the UN,
should also act in accordance with these principles
for the maintenance of international peace and
security.
7. No member state shall interfere in the internal
affairs of any other state.
The UN Charter established six principal organs in 1945.
 United Nations Organs and
their Roles
1. The General Assembly:
• The General Assembly is the highest
deliberative organ of the UN. It is also
called the World Parliament of Nations.
• Each member state sends five
representatives to it but each state has
only one vote.
• The UN General Assembly holds
deliberations on all issues which are
related to the Charter of the United
Nations. It also approves the annual
budget of the UN.
• The Philippines played a prominent role
in the GA’s early years when Filipino
diplomat Carlos P. Romulo was elected
GA president from 1949-1950.
 United Nations Organs and
their Roles
2. The Security Council
(SC):
• The Security Council is the
executive body and the most
potent organ of the UN.
• It is called “the Power House” of
the UN, it has the power to
make legally binding
resolutions.
• It is made up of 15 members
out of whom 5 are permanent
members or the P5, each with a
veto power. These are the USA,
Russia, China, France and
United Kingdom.
 United Nations Organs and
their Roles
3. The Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC):
• Its primary objective is to advance the economic, social and
environmental dimensions of sustainable development.
• ECOSOC, also has the authority, along with the General Assembly, to
call international conferences and to consult with nongovernmental
organizations (NGOs).
• The global conferences on human rights, the environment, population,
and women’s rights, to just name a few, have been some of the most
important contributions made by ECOSOC.
 United Nations Organs and
their Roles
4. The Trusteeship Council:
• Its task is to supervise the administration
of Trust Territories placed under
the International Trusteeship System.
• The main goals of the International
Trusteeship System were to promote the
advancement of the inhabitants of Trust
Territories and their progressive
development towards self-government or
independence.
• The Trusteeship Council has completed
its mission, but continues to exist on
paper, under the UN Charter, chapter XII.
 United Nations Organs and
their Roles
• 5. The International Court of
Justice (ICJ):
• It is the chief judicial body of the UN. It
is also called “the World Court.”
• It consists of 15 judges who are
elected by the General Assembly on
the recommendations of the UN
Security Council; each judge of ICJ
holds a tenure of 9 years.
• The International Court of Justice
gives its verdict on such
disputes/cases which are brought to it
Hague, Netherlands
by the concerned states by their
mutual consent.
 United Nations Organs and their
Roles
6. The Secretariat
• Secretariat is the
administrative organ of the
UN.
• It implements the policies
and decisions taken up by
organs of the UN.
• Members of the secretariat
serve in their capacity as
UN employees and not as
state representatives.
• The Secretariat General is
the head of the Secretariat.
He is called the “Watchdog
of the UN”.
Specialized Agencies of the
UN
• UNICEF (UN Children’s Fund) works for
children’s rights, their survival, development
and protection. UNICEF works to ensure all
children, everywhere in the world, enjoy the
same human rights.
• WHO (World Health Organization). Its primary
role is to direct international health within the
United Nations' system and to lead partners in
global health responses. It also works to
strengthen healthcare systems in every country
so that all citizens can stay healthy and live
longer, happier lives.
Specialized Agencies of the
UN
• UNESCO is the UN’s Educational, Scientific and
Cultural Organization. Its role is to promote
international cooperation in education, science,
culture, and communication and information.
UNESCO is working to make sure all children in the
world have the opportunity go to school. UNESCO
also helps protect special cultural and natural
places around the world by giving them World
Heritage status.
• WFP is the UN World Food Programme – the
largest humanitarian agency fighting hunger. It
feeds over 90 million people a year, saving the lives
of those affected by conflict and natural disasters.
Thank you for listening and
participating!