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  • Scavelev-GIDROENERGETICESKIE USTANOVKI

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    Aleksandar Petkovic
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    _Scavelev-GIDROENERGETICESKIE_USTANOVKI

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    168 views389 pages

    Scavelev-GIDROENERGETICESKIE USTANOVKI

    Uploaded by

    Aleksandar Petkovic
    ...

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 389

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    ngApoaHepreruqecKux pecypcoe Cu6HpH ra Cpe4uefi AsHIz. B CCCP B( Bo3pa-
    craroulee 3HaqeHtrenp uo6peraer KoNIlJIeKcHoeHcrIoJIb3oBaHHe BoAHbIx ecypcoB
    Ailn Bbrpa6orwu sJreKTpuqecxofieHeprrr4, AJIa opolueHHfl 3eMeJIb B 3acy JII{BbIX
    pafiouai, AJrfl BoAHoro rpaHcropra Lr AJIfl BoAocua6xeHus tIpoMbItrIJlEHHOCTH
    H KorvrMyHaJrbHoro xo3rficrea. boruuaq qacrb H3 nocrpoeHHbll crp, f rrlHXCfl
    1.
    fHApoy3,,'IoBc KpyrHefiuuttlH rHAposJIeKrpocraHLtHflMH (ra6n:. B-2) HM CT KOM-

    Ta6ttu4a B'2 Kpynuefiurne Aefictsyrcq[e H crp-osulnecr rHApoeJIeKTpocraH


    Morltnocrbto 6olee 5A0 Mem

    Mou{Hoc t, Mem

    ycraHo-
    Pera Hant'renonasue f3C npoeKT- BJICHHA'
    n. il.
    Hat na lll
    1970r.

    I EnHcel.t CaqFro-[LlyueHcKan &00


    2 )) KpacHoapcKafl, 6000 oooo
    J Anrapa Eparcxax LIMeHLI50-neruq Oxrn6pr
    Be.nuxoro 4500 4100
    4 ) Vcru-I4.nuNrcKafl 4320
    5 )) klpxyrcr<an 660 662
    6 14prrrur EyxraprvruHcKar 'r<hic 525 675
    7 Bo.nra Bo"trxir<aflHMeHHXXII .rurou 2563 2541
    B )) ) )) B. Vl. JleHnua 2100 2300
    I )) LIe6oxcaocKafl t404
    l0 ) LapaToBcKafl 1290 1315
    t1 Karr,ta Borxuscras 1000 1000
    t2 )) I(aucras 504 504
    r3 [uenp ,ll.Henporac-l I 828
    l4 KpertreuuyrcKas 625 625
    l5 )) flnenpoecKaflHMeHuB. LI. JIeHnna 560 650
    l6 3an. AnHua fl.rqnr4Hrcxas 825 825
    t7 3es 3eftcxas r505
    IB I4nrypn 14nnypcxan 1300
    l9 Baxru H y p e x c xaa 2700
    20 Hapnn Toxrory.nucraf, 1200
    2l Cynar tlupxeficxax 1000
    22 r{npuux 9 a p n a rcxaa 600

    rlo gHHTO
    fI p a Nr e q a H Ir e. Vcrauoereurras Mou{Hocrb KpacHoxpcr<otl f3C npHBeAeHa H
    KoHerr, l97l r.

    nJreKcHoeHa3HarreHHe.Hanp r4Mep, Bce f L{Apoy3JIbIHa Bonre, Kaue, .Il,uenpe,


    Hprtrrue H KpacnoflpcKnfi rHApoy3eJI Ha Euncee HMeIor rpaHcrloprH -sHepte-
    Tr.rqecKoeHa3HaqeHr{e.B cocraBe coopy}KeHHfi grHX rI{ApoygJIoB LIMe fl, nJIO-
    THHa, fHApOgJreKTpOCTaHrIHfl pr cyAonponycKHble ycTpofir3TBa- Iu. bI HA
    Bo.nre, Karue, !,uenpe H cyAonoAbeMHHKHa KpacHofpcKoM rHApoy3JI . Bo.nx<-
    IIoBBoJIrIcrp BI,IBATb
    ruApoy3JrbrLr ux BoAoxpa[IHJIHIqa
    cKr.reu trHenpoBcKr.ie
    B 6onnuux Macura6ax opolueHue 3eMeJIbH yBeflHrruTbyarofiquBble ypox{aH
    ftcrBeHHofin poAyKIlHH
    ceJrbcKoxo3fl
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    HapoAHoro xognficrea CCCP Ha 197l- 1975 roAr-{)3anucaHo:(B HAp0sHep-
    ferHKe ocyuecrBJlflTbIIpeHMylrlecrBeHHO
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    UIH X KOMn J T e KC H Op e u a T b
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    3eMeJrb, o6ecner{eHHfl HapoAHofo xossficrea eo40r)r,pa3BHTHfl
    cyAo oAcTBa r1
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    I4s crpoflIrluxcfl, KoMrIJIeKcHbrxrnApoy3JroB BecbMa 6o"nruroe 3Ha
    eHHe AJrn
    gpo_rueHHfHMerorBoAoxpaHl,/,Irwy^LlypeKcKor:rf3c Ha p. Baxur, Toxr yntcxo fi
    fOC Hl p. Hupsru, t{apxeficrofi fOC Ha p. Cy,rrax, .{upuuncnoiifOC
    a p. HHp-
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    x
    peKH npeAcraB/rflror cruxuftHoe 6eAcreue.
    flp" pagBHrHH KoMnJIeKcHoroHc[oJrb3oBaHnfl BoAHbrx pecypcoB cTpoflTcfl
    TaK)Ke fHApOysJIbI, HMerclqHe npeHr\{yulecTBeHHOesHepfeTHr{ecKoe H a q e H H e .
    B KaqecrBe npfiMepa Mo)I{Ho rlpuBecrr Casuo-IllyurencKy1o fOC Ha
    Eparcxyro fOC Ha p. AHrape. OrH raApoeneKrpocraHr{Hr{ l EHucee,
    ocuonofi
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    Kor\,til/reKcoBH HMeror
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    ^!,uen
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    , [Ualr-
    TopcKafffocr vcrr-XaHraficr<ar,foc Ha p. Xaurar?Ke MoqHocrbro40 Mem,
    Ko.rlrnncxaq f3!^ 1a p. Korrrn,re, fOC I I- na p. o p o H b e H
    .Cepe6pffH_cKaq
    f3C Ha p.^ Ken,lu-48 Meri4 lou:xo3epcr{aq
    Il:a-v-*.N,rc_Kan f3C p Kerura -
    Mem, t{epenoBel{Kaf,
    fAC (nropan or{epeAb)Ha p.^ - "i
    l_8 Lllexcse S0 t em H I-p.
    fonxiro HaqarbcflcrpoHTeJIbcTBo3aropcxofi eH 3/ t eK-
    TpocraHr\HH oKo/lo MocNelI MoulHocrbron200"acoiuo:aKKlMlJrHpyro
    Ment Hal,reuu.tb" poAor'IX{e-
    HHe IIpoeKTHo-lISbIcKareJIbcKHX
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    N P H ' I H B H bsINEE K TOPC T A H U H H
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    r o p o M n p o H c x o A r r r n p e o 6 p a 3 o B a H H eN { e x a H u q e c x o f io H e p f u r l B o A H o NOTOKA
    B a J re K T p n q e c K y l o a H e p fu ro H i rH , uao6opor, aJIeK TpH r{ecK afl gH epruf npeBpa-
    u1aercfl B MexaHul{ecKyr.o aHepruro BoAbr.MexaunqecKyro aHepruro BoA o6rt.{uo
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    TexHHqecKHXcoopyxeHufi, gHep f eTH[{ecKorou N,rexaHHqecKof o o6op y O B A H H f .

    A. l'rflposneKTpoGTaHqHH

    fra4poeneprerur{ecKarycraHoBKa, Ha xoropofi ruApaBflt{qecKars H e p f H H


    npeo6pa3yercflB eJIeI{rpHqecKyloaHepru}o, HasbrBaercflruApogJreKruqecxor?
    cranquefi (ru4poaJleKrpocrauuuefi,fuApocrauqueft HIrv f3C) . nnn I po3JreK-
    rpocraHul4HHeo6xoAHMbI pacxoA BoAbIQ, n3lcercH cocpeAoroqeHHrrfi neperaA
    yponHefi,r. e. Harlop H, il.
    OcuonsblMa coopyx(eHHflMH rHApogJleKrpocraHrrHH,pacnoJrolKeHHo H a p a B -
    HuHuofi peKe, rBJIfllorcs IIJIoTHHa, neperopa)r{r4BarourarpeKy 14 AaForrlaf
    noAbeM ypoBHfl BoAbI, kr SAaHHe craHI{HH, B KOTOpOTTpa3t\,reiilaForcf r paBJrH-
    r{ecKHe
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    BoAsoe npocrpaHcrBo nepeA IIoAnopHbrMHcoop ylKeHHflMH,HanpHr\rp nepeA
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    o6ogHaqaeTcfl3HaKoM v HIrH V c coorBeTcrByroirruMr{HcJIot\{,
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    BepxHero 6neSa B HHlKHufi6ne$ H Bpaqaer pa6oqee KoJrecoryp6uuu, a oAHoM
    BaJIy C KOTOpbIM HaxOAHTCfl pOTOp f eHepaTopa gJreKTpHrrecKofo ToKa. LIHorAa
    npH c p a BH H T e J Ib H o H e 6 o n s urofi ruoul H ocrH reH eparopa npH MeH qror rrpor ex(yToq-
    rlHc,uao6oporoB r{ yl,renbrueHufl
    lyto [epeAaqYA,[q yBerHqeHHfl Becareu paropa.
    fyp6uHa H reHeparop BMecre o6pasyror arperar HlrH roqHee fuApc rpefar.
    B typ6aue rHApaBJIHqecKafleHeprnfl npeBpaqaercfl B r\{exaHHqecKyroHepf Hro
    BpaIqeHHfl ee pa6oqero KoJrecaBMecre c poropoM reHeparopa, a B feH parope
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    KpynHblx ruApoaHeprerr.{qecKux
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    B 1970 r. KpyrHefiue_t? rHApocrauquefi MHpa Suna Kpacno npcKar 3C Ha
    p. EHHceeMoillHocrblo 5 nanu. KBm. tlpH ycraHoBKe Bcex arperaroB ee r\{ IIIHOCTb
    cocraBuna 6 MJIH. KBm. B nocJleAytoque foAbr nepBoe ruecro gafinler crpo ulaflcf
    CaqHo-LLIyIxeHcKaflfOC Ha p. Euncee n{orrlHocrbro6,4 N,r/rH . KBtn.

    5 . H a c o c n u lcer a H q n u
    [-l r4 p o a H e p re rrrr{ e c r(a fl y craH oB K a, trpeA H a3H ar.reH H as ni l fl nepeK aqK BOIbI
    c HI 4 3 K H X O T N { e T O KH a B b IC OK V eH A ,rrn i l epeMeU IeH H fl B OA brB V A aJreH H bre y I l K T b t ,
    HasblBaercfl HacocHofi crauquel?. HacocHas craHuafl o6opyAyercfl aJre r p H q e -
    CKHI\{H ABHfaTeJIfMH H C O e A H H e H H b I M H C H H I \ { H H a C O C a N , T Hr 1 f B J I f e T C f l n pe6u-
    TeJIeMaJreKTpHqecxori gHeprHH. HacocHbrecTaHuHHHMem 6ontuoe pacn ocrpa-
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    BbtcoKHeBoAopa3AeJrbr,H T. [.
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    Ha roAaqy cyN{MapHoropacxoAa BoAbr76 uBlceK Ha paccrofluue 455 rc.nt.

    B. Hacoulo-aHKyMynHpyxrrqne
    aneKrpoGTaHqHtl
    fra4poaueprerllqecKarycraHoBKa,Ha xoropofi npoucxoArir nepeKar{A BOAbI
    c HH3KHX OTMeTOK Ha BbICOKHe C ilOCJTeAYIOITIHM
    HCTTOJIb3OBaHHeM
    9TO BoAlt
    AJIfl Bbrpa6orx H aJIeKTp HqecKoftanep rHH, Ha3brBaercflHacocHo-aKKyMyJrH[ yrou{eH
    rI{Ap ooJreKrp ocraH Irueli (co x p auleHHo H A3C) . H acocHo-aKK yr{ yrr rzpyloua SJICI(-
    TpocraHIIHr B Hor{HbIeqacbl cyroK 3a cqer gHeprvrr, noflyqael,rofi Hg eKrpo-
    gHepretu.recxofr cucreMbr (aueprocucrelnu), nepeKar{HBaer HacocaMu B AY PI3
    Hax(Hero6accefiHaB nepxunfi 6accelin, pacnonoxeuunrfiHa t<axofi-nvt BO3-
    BblrrreHHocrn.finerr,r a oco6eHHo BeqepoM, KorAa gJreKTponorpe6,rreHHe
    B I{CTerUe
    yBerurluBaercfl, BoAa H3 BepxHero 6accefiua nponycKaercfl r{epes T p6uun
    B HH>KHufi6accefiH;B sro BpeMflHA3C nupa6arbrBaerH orAaer 3JreKrpHecKyro
    aHeprr4toB cHcreMy. tr{uercrcs npuMepbrycraHoBoKHe roJrbKoc cyrorrH N{, HO
    H AalKeC Ce3OHHbrM
    H C HeAeJrbHbrM aKKyMyJrr.rpOBaHHeM
    eHepfHH.
    BcneAcrBuenorepb aHeprr.ruHA3C orAaer B cucrervryoKoJro70% eKrprr-
    qecxofi gHeprurr4,[oflyqaerr,rofi eFo H3 cucreMbr. Ten,t He MeHee 3TH craH H BbI.
    roAHbr, TaK KaK oHH rrorpe6nnrcr 6o.neeAerxeByo, fl HHorAa u <6pocoByro SJICK-
    TpogHeprr4roB HoqHbreqacbr, B nepHoA MaJIoiruarpy3Ku cr{creMbt,a orAa 6onee
    AoporyFo aHeprHlo B lracbr rIHK Harpy3KH, 3anonHflr HorrHbrerrpoBarbr H H I ' I M A f l
    yrpeHHue H BeqepHHe rrHKH eJreKrpH.IecxofiHarpy3KH cucreMbr, HASC cyue-
    ycJIoBHr pa6oru renJroBbrxoJreKTpocaHuuli
    crEeHHo yflyqruaror rexHr.rqecKHe
    H [o3BoJrflror yMeHbuHTb Hx yAe/rbHbrfipacxoA TonJrHBaHa | rcem.{ Bbrp 6orxu
    sneKTpH'{ecxori gHeptHH.
    Ha Hoenx HASC rpu H < 650 n Mox(HOycraHaBrruBarbo6paruusr a f p e -
    rarbr. lu4paBJlur{ecKas Ma[rr4Ha raKHX arperaroB Mox<er pa6oratr B K qecTBe
    Hacoca H ryp6uuu, a gJrer{Tpr4rrecKaflMarxnFra- ABr4rareJrer{vr reHep poM-
    CocrasneH rrpoeKr KpynHefiruefi HacocHo-aKKyMynupyroqefi craHt1HH HASC
    KopHyon.n(C[[IA) nourHocrbro2 nrnH. KBm.B CCCP nocrpoeHaKueecxas HASC
    225 rsc. rcBmH HaMerlaercflcrpouTeJrbcrBo
    r\{oulHocrbro 3aropcxofi H MOrrl-
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    u Ap.

    1 K , a PQ n H H B . f . Hacocnr H HacocHbrecraHuI,IH AJrrrBoAocsa6xenuff H opoueHr.Is Crpofi-


    ns4at, 1966 n q D n o p y c+ x tt f,t M- M. Hacocu.u Hacog,Huecra.Hrlull, <Konoc>, 1968.
    tg
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    ralor 3HaqHTenuuofi BeJIHIILIHbI,8-10 Jil. Hau6onbruafl BeJrHqHHanp J I H B H b I X
    rone6annfi 19,2 Jw ua6nro4aercfl B saJrHBe @auAu (KaHaaa). Ha np J I H B H b I X
    gJreKrpocraHrlHflx ycraHaBJIHBarorcfl o6paruusle arpefarbr ABycropoHH no Aefi-
    crBHfl, KoropbreMofyT pa6orarr e ryp6HHHor\{H HacocHoMpex(Hr\{axnpu A H > K C H H H
    BO,IbrH3 r\{Opfl _B OrfOpO)KeUHHfi6aCCefiHV np H ABu}KeHr,rHBOAbrr.r3 accefiHa
    B r u o p e . B o @ p a H u r a u n o c r p o e H a n e p B a r K p y r r H a r n 3 C P a H c M o HOCTbIO
    240 rr,tc. KBm. B CCCP oKoJIo r. MyplraHcKa nocrpoeHa opHrt*arrbHar, N b I T H A f l
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    PACX0I
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    puc. 1-1 'crarnqect<uftHanop
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    Pn oBo2B
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    t Kax r.r3Becrgo,B orKpbrrbrx noroKax pl^l'-, (pa - pilly, rAe pA -


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    23
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    24
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    25
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    28
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    pyc.nonoli;ee 3AaHHeBl{Jlloqaercfl "*uno.
    B cocraB HanopHoro qrponr, u ri csoefi
    ArrHHe 3aMeHfle.L nrroruHy (cpr. puc. l_4). "- "u
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    Eonee noApo6uocM.;;. iS ^ t+-.
    B n.uornHHblxcxeMax p acnpeAe"tr ure"rln
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    H 3 A a H a e x ' { fO C , rl e c Ko ./IbK o oroA B H H yrbrr\,ror n" ryoraul r ^Jrfl , norvqeH fl AOCTa-
    ToqHoro rpocTpaHcTBa

    B . C y . q o x o g H bu t ep u 6 o n p o n y o r n uceo o p y x e H n n
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    HCHHAfl
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    flocne roAbeM H a B e p x
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    r' Bolosadopnbre
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    B COCTaBero coopyxeurafi.

    Il, Bo.qonpneilHIKH
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    BxoAHrB KoHcrpyxqzrcsn.aruflpycaoeofifOC n n KoHcrpyKr{Hro
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    pHc. l_2,2-T H 2-14). Eolee no HO CM.
    rrr. 13 u 14.
    29
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    cocraB ro/roBHor.o vsrra Lr
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    AepHBaqHro H npeKparqeuuf ,qb."ynu
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    Puc. 2-5. lity6llHHtrii eo4onpHeMHHK(uraxrutrr?)


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    TyHHeJrefino o6e crcpoHbr rrraxrbr. B arc
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    HbrMH rquTaMrr. Bxo4uue orBepcrufl B
    peuerxor? AJrfl npeAorBpaqeHufl sacacE
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    E. 0rcrof,nrrr
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    rII{oHHbrx fOC B Tex c,[yr{aflx, xor4a-pe
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    Orcroliuux (p"c. 2- 16) cocronr H

    80,
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    cnerrua. BbIIIOJI.
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    Horo o6renaa BoAoxpiarwilH-
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    u1a. Han p HN{ep
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    B TeqeHHeBcero roAa [oryr{HTb nocrornsufi 3aper},r'rupoeaHuufi pacxoA BoAbr
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    Baror ce3oHHbrM,3apefyJrapoeauulrfi pacxoA Mex{eHHero nepr4oAa noflyqaercn
    r\{eHbrrrecpeAHeroAoBoropacxoAa (pac. 3-10).
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    brTKH U KOMneHCHpyflHeAOCTaTOK BOAbr

    50
    B)I-lepeperyrr Hpo BaHHe pacxoAoe. Ecnn B BepxHeM
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    pacxoA, rieo6xoApttr,rstfi
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    tl/Tort4
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    flo pacnorolKeHHrc orHocHTeJIbHoruAposHeprernr{ecxofi ycraHoBKH BoAo-


    xpaHHJIHUraMox(Ho pa3AeJlarl ua: 1) B e p x o B br e, pacnoJrolKeHHbre Ha peKe
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    E. HcryccrBeHHHe
    Bo'qoxpannnnl4a
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    Marc. ypoflenD

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    B pycne peKr{

    B. 06uen Bo[oxpaHfil]tItla
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    52
    /luule HalKe yMo rB'/Iflercnl\{eprBblM
    JIHIUbB HopMaJrbHbrxyc,lo BLrnxpery/rHpo-
    BaHHncToKa' Pa6oqHli (no'rresuufi)H MeprBhrfib6rer,,trr
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    O y a H - Q o n c( B a x r o p u x ) B u x r o p r r a - - V ranA a I9 6 1 2 0{ , 9 204,8 76 00c


    Hrtn KeHHg
    TaHEaHlrq
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    Kapn6a 3arvr6egH 3au6us 1959 i 6 0 , 3 46,0 + 450
    IOx.
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    4 Hacep (AcyaHcxoe) Hr.r.rr OA P , 1968 157,0 74,0 5 t20
    Cyaau
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    6 8 480
    daHHenr-!,xoucou Mauu- K aH aA a I 968 141,7 3 5 , 9 I 940
    K yafaH
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    8 fop,qon M. Xovr'r
    55,0
    ' flHc-Pueep KauaAa 1968 108,4 37,0 r 655
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    2 000
    Turp Hpax l9s6 67,0 2 000
    ll Cauruuucn'. X yaH xe KHP 1962 65,0
    l2 55,0 3 500
    Kyfi6uureBcKoe B onna CCCP 1957 58,0 34,6
    l3 EyxraprnruHcKoe 6 448
    Hprrru.r CCCP 1967 53,0 31,0 5 500
    A s a o e a c ' l I ' H e x o r o p b r e A a H H borB
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    .
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    53
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    75
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    14
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    MoM HarpyslxacocraBJrserbb00_7000 q. Eoaee rorpo6nue_cB_eAeHun Mar(cHMv-
    o rpae"*u*ir.p;;;;?;
    [ocrpoeHBB M?>RHO no.nytrrrb B cneuna"nlHoriaureparype t3s
    1.

    5 . A H a n H g H F Y F o uKapnf t B a fcl y r o q H o r or p a { H K a H a r p y g r ( H
    A*anueupyroqeri xpranofi cyrorrHor(
    saBrcvtwocru cyrouHori Bbrpalorxu 3r
    nocrpoeHnff aHailLrsrpyrourert xpueort p
    Aocraroqso6o,ubuoeqHcJrooAr4IlaI(oBbrx
    (perc.4-4). fl"rrourarrlsra-x rIoJIoc,yMHox{eHHbre
    Ha Maclula6sr,.rrt
    xoaQQr.iurrerrr,
    AATOT COOTBCTCTBVIOuICC WM
    P
    HEn r{oJH rIecTB O sH epfH H .
    3uepzun u a

    x0n q
    rr-- J Haqa"nor(oopAr{H
    ar ala-
    nnsnpyrouela rcpunofi fio-
    MecrHMB rouxy O', pac[o_
    JroiKeHHyroHa oAHoft Bbrcore
    c r\,ra KcHturyMoM rp aSuNa
    HarpysKH. Ocl MorrlHocru
    HanpaBHM BHH3, trPr4Hfl,B
    Anfl MOUIHOCTH ntacrura6
    cyrorr^Hororp a|uxa Harpy3-
    r(H. Ocl Bbrpa6orxr,rairep-
    tHH HanpaBr{M BirpaBo oT
    tS 20 24,1 ror{r(H O'. !.ns xax<Aoii
    ' cyivrMbr LrKcila rioJroc Mclrl_
    Pu c . 4 -4 . fl o c rp o e H ri ea H anH snpyrcuterl
    xpueor,.i
    nocrri I LP 6yaela orKJra-
    A b r B a r b B [ p a B o c y M M y 3 " r r e M e H T a p H ber xu p a 6 o r o N s H e p r H H
    tl
    )rg. Tax, Harpu-
    M€p, AJrn cyMMbr rpex cJroeB MorrlHocrr{ p s : T,/ A D
    '| | L)t oT/ro>KHMBIIpaBO CyMMy
    3 s: L3:-+ 43, + L3 r. O.resr.rAuo,
    qro HH)KeTOTIIiH M 6y4er p acnorroixeH
    npflMoJruHefi
    suri yuacroKaHa.nr{3Hpyro_
    u{er? wpusoi,t, TaK KaK Bo ecer?6asu'clotr p ltt
    3oHe rpaQraxa4,3 : LP .24. 'Bm J

    h9m. q
    EcnH Hs ror{Ki{ C nponecru Beprn-
    KaJrbHyro JTHHHTO AO IIepeceqeHH'
    c ocbro esrpa6orNlt gHeprHH, ro
    a6cuucca O'B Hilr4 paBHoBe nuxupt or-
    pe3cK DC 6yayr AaBarb B coorBercr-
    Byrou1eMuacurra6e cyrorrHyro Bbrpa-
    floruy eHeprHH_rpa$raxa harpysxr.
    Ecnu npflMyro CM npoAoJrx{HrbAo
    nepeceqeHufl_c ocbro opAHHarO,D ,
    ro orpffiox DE 6yaer paBeHB coorBer-
    crByroueM tracurra6e cpe,u,uecyrouHor? 0 4 I l Z 1 6 2 0 2 q , J
    MorrrHocru P ll"rroulaAt cvroqHoro
    "r.
    rpaQuxa, pacnonox{eHHas Puc. 4-5. PaanaeuleuHeMou{Hocru
    enrueilHHLrLr KH 3-HepfHH 3/reKTpOCTaHIIHHHa14cyToqHor{
    eurpa6or-

    A.E,paBHaTrrouanunpoBa,,'roB rp^rrLrHHr4.
    a$uNa rpaQraxe Harpy3r{rr
    Ha6e * cdf * KeE HHX{eerofr
    3osa rpoeKrnpyenaoft f3C Ha cyrorrHoM rpa$raxeHarpy3KHcucreMbr'4ononruo
    Iracro BbIAeJIfercfl ropH3OHTaJIbHbrMH JrVHr4flMH.B 3TOMCfiyqae 3aAarla pa3Me-
    IqeHHtI cyrouHofi ertpa6orrz sHeprHH 3x B 3oHe rpaSuxa
    JrvrHr4t4
    X*X
    peuaercfl cJIeAyIoIIIHMo.6paeonr 4-5): 1) or ro.rrn ""*"
    -r<p -(pnt.. A nepeceq.nr" Jr1Hv1pr
    X- X c aHarrkr3Llpypulefi nnofi" orKJIaAbrBaeM_Brrp aBo B coorB eTcrBy1oueM Mae-
    rura6e orp$oK AB, BbIpa)KarourzfiBbrpa.6orxy 3y; 2) uz rorrKH
    ^B onycxaeM BHH3
    BeprHKarrbHyronpflMyro BC oo nepeceqeHr{fl
    c aHaIrH3Hpyrorqefixpirnofi; 3) ns
    TorrKHC nponoAaM ropu3oHra/rbHyro /ruHr,{p, nepeceKaroqyro
    rpaSHK Harpys_Kr{_.
    &t
    B pesy/Ibrare y3HaeMluoxlHocrb N x : P^, xoropofi Aorrx<Hapa6orarb 3,rreK-
    rpocraHuHfl. B HeKoropbrx cflyr{aflx pacqeroB " cyrorrHoro peryJrr.{poBaHHflnpH
    AByx- r4 rpexni4KoBbIXcyTotIHbIXrpa$Hxax npHXoAHTcflcTpor{rb BcnoN,loFareJrb-
    Hbre alHailH3LlpytolllHeKpHBbIe Liln orAeJlbHbrx nHKoB 14 oTAeabHbrx rrpoBaJroB
    r p a S r a r < an a r p y 3 K I 4 .

    HEH E . q E N b HPOEET Y J I H P O B APHEHHE( I { MPAA 6 O T bTI3 C


    4 . 2 .C Y T O q H O
    A.06qne noroxeHufl
    C y r o u r r o e p e r y , r I I p o B a t { I I en c 3 B o r ' I f l e rn o B b t c t 4 T b) / q a c r t 4 e f 3 C B r r o i { p t I T I ' I H
    iuaricr4Myr\4a rrafpy3r{H crlcrel\rbr, cLIII3liTb norpeOHocTb B N{cullocrll ApyfHX
    3.reK'rpocranuur?H yJryqiilr4rbpelKHr\,r HX pa6orrr. B ue>xeHI-n{ri nep}toA npt4 tip"vf-
    locyrouHoil pa6ore Ha nocrorHHoN{ npHTotIHoN{pacxoAe rl.IApoaJlet(TpocraHlrt4fl
    ilrox{er pa3BHBarbcpaBHHre,,TuHo He6o,/'Ibrxyrc MourHocrl. llpra pa6ore c cyroqHblM
    pefyJrr4poBaHHeM THApOCTaHUHfl B r{acbl nHK Hafpy3I{H pa3BHBaeTnOBbIIIIeHHyIO
    rvroulHocTb, a B qacbr Mr'IHHrvranrHofiHarpy3KH cHpI>KaeTcBolo MotilHocTb HHofAa
    Ao HyJrq. B MelKeHHnfinepproAI43rueHeHHe MourHocrraf3C B reqeHue cyroK npou3-
    Bo.4grcf pefyJrupoBaHr{eNr pacxoAa BoAbr HanpaBJiflFoIrlHM arnaparolu ryp6HHH.
    3ror cnoco6 cyror{Horo peryJrupoBaHHflcqllTaercfl ocHoBHbtMH no3BoJlser H3Me-
    Htrrb N{oulHocruf3C or H}'.{fl Ao no;ruolit ycraHoBnerisofi N,{o[r{HocrH. flponcxoAfl-
    uree npII 3roM I<oneSarlHe Flanopa tlBflrercs S)'Hruuell peryJIHpoBaHIIff pacxoAa
    BO.1bl.
    B orAe.rbrrbrxc,'ryqaflx Ha Hr.{3KoHa[opHbrx f3C B [epIEoA 6onb[IHX naBoAKoB
    \{ox{er rlpoH3BoAHTbcfl ue6o"'rruroeri3N'reHeHi{e N{orrlHocratlyret\{ peryrtIpoBaHI{tI
    Hanopa. tns 3Toro B q a c b i n L r K H a r p y s K I , Iy M e r { b i u a e r c s c 6 p a c u r e a e r t s t fqi e p e 3
    rrloruHy pacxoA BoAbr, r{ro B,/'reqer 3a co6or?cHH}KeHHe ypoBHf HHx{Hefo 6ueQa u
    rroBbruerlr4e Hanopa f3C, yBe"rnqeHlae npoilycxuoft cnoco6socru ryp6llH H N{otrl-
    Hocru f3C.
    C y r o u H o e p e r y / r l r p o B a H H e6 b r B a e r H e o r p a H H q e H H b rIM 4 o r p a H u q e H H b t MH . eor'
    paHHqeHHoecvror{Hoe pery.,'rupoBaHlie Mox(HonpoBoAnrb, ecJIH:1) nep xt"fifr6tecp
    t4Jl4 6accefis cyror{Horo perynr,ipoBaHl4r lzMeer Aocraror{Ho 6onnuryro eMKocrb;
    2) B HHxHeM 6teQe Nroryr AoilycKarbcfi HeorpaHl{qeHHbleNo,ne6anus ypoBHfl;
    3) cyro'rHtrfi pex<r4Mpa6ortr f3C He orpaHnr{plBaercfl oco6uun ycJIoBHflMH3Kc-
    nJryaraurru ee coopyxeHufi ra o6opyAoBaHur.

    E . H e o r p a n n q e H nGoyer o q r u opee r y n n p o n a H n e
    1. ManoBoAuufi nepHoA. 3 a A a q a c y r o r r H o r op e r y J l H p o B a H u f l
    B nepuoA MaJloBoAbr qaue Bcero cBoALITcffK noJIyqeHHIoor f3C Bo3t\{o}KHo 6o.nn-
    ruofi MourHocrr{. flpu AaHHoNrcpeAHecyroqHoM pacxoAe Q, uau6oJlbuee yqacrue
    f3C B nor{pbrrt4ktcyrorrHoro MaKcuMyrvraHarpy3r{Il Mo}Ker 6lrtn AocrurHyro npH
    pagMeuetvn4 ee MourHocrlr H Bbrpa6orru aHeprl.IHB cauoli BepxHeft qacrl{ cyrotl-
    t , a K e r o n o K a 3 a H oH a p n c . 4 - 6 .
    H o r o r p a $ H r a H a r p y 3 K H c H c T e N I bK
    O6irquo norepH 3Heprr{HnpH cyroqHoMperyJrupoBaHI,ru HenpeBocxoAflr l-3% .
    B ilpeABapuTeJrbHbrx pacqerax 3Tr{ norepH He yqHTbrBa}or14IIpuHllil,{aor Bblpa'
    6orxy oHeprrauf3C nplr6"uu3prreJrbHo'raxofr Ne, I(aK rpn p_aBHoMepHoN{ pexHMe
    pa6oiu c nocrosusofi MourHocrbroff" = 9,81 Q.Hn, KBm. CyrouHyto elrpa6orxy
    cqrrraror panHofi: 3" ry fr. '24, KBm'q.
    Orno>xuB Bbrpa6orxy 3"ua alailv3zpyrouefi xpueofi BIrpaBo or ror{Kv O' H or-
    nycrraB Hs ToqKH a Beprur(aJrbHyro JTHHHoa6 Ao repeceqeHHflc aHaJlt{3upylourefi
    xpunofi, MbI tloryr{HM nHKoBy}o MolrlHocrb N* c xoropofi ruApocraH[Hg yqacT'
    ByeT B tIOKpbrTHHMaKCr.rrVryMa Hafpy3KH clicTeMbt.3ra x,IoulHocTbB cooTBercTByto-
    ureM n,tacura6e r{3Mepflercn eeflnquHofi orpe3Ka a6. Ecnu or ropu3oHra.unHofi
    Jn4Hvu4 6e ornox{t4Tb Be.i'rur{uHycpeAHecyroqHot?r'rourHocrl{ fOC /V", to reM caMbIM
    Mbr MoulHocrb NM pa3AeJrr{MHa ABe qacru N" + Nn: N* rI BbtAeJIHM:l) uou-
    Hocrb N., xoropyrc Mox<HonoJryql4m 6es cyroqHoro pefyJlHpoBaHHfl; 2) Ao6aeoq-
    HyFoMoulgocrb'Nn, noflyqaeMyro npH cyroqHoM peryJrHpoBaHl4vr sa cl{er cpa6orxn
    eo4m, sarraceHuofi e BepxHeM 6leQe HJrv B 6acceftne cyrorrHoro peryJILIpoBaHI'Ir-
    85
    BepxHns qacrb nHKaM

    r.{poB aH H r. K ax B H, qr io H3

    #"lt"'H,-?ffffi.""#
    rAotzuort,tot4fAC

    t2

    l g
    t l
    l l

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    rl

    Pnc' 4-6' HeorpauuqeHHoe


    cyroqHoeL
    penv
    J puc. 4-7.HeorpaHnqe'Hoe
    nHpoBaHHe .#."0T"".?ifl{;
    nHpoBaHHe np' Harrr{qpr'
    lpyrax fOC"

    pa6oraeT c MolrlHocrbro'
    [peBblruarcuefi 6uroeyro MorrlHocrb
    npoacxoAr{r
    cpa60rra6ie@ai"i?Ir.a";: ff"i B 3ro BpeM,
    B;;u, o, tz Ao r, naou{uocrb
    rE y'y'.,H B ero BpeMfl f3c
    npo".ioA'r qacraiHOe
    HanoilHeHr{e
    fi Mex(eHa. B [epuoA
    Hocru iOC Ha n HKaxMox(er
    nocTbrec6pocnrBoAbr.B
    ara
    ICTCflNO TEXHHKO-9KOHOMH-
    nyaTarIHH AOBOJTbHOr{acro
    a' paCXOAyeMOroHa Terr,[o-
    HMyt\.ra
    CTOHMOCTI4
    HJ\HpaC_
    ee Hafpy3KH yBeaHr{Hnars

    86
    KH Mox(er 6urt pa3MerrleHaMorrluocrb

    FIHMHfuApocraHqurrMu,ro Morrluocrny'y'n
    Ho HH>KeMorrlHocrr{Iy'. arux nocJreAHux
    1fi,xaK noKasaHocrpeJrKaMr.rHa pHc. 4_g,

    ''f:fJ:'" 3l'rrjlr'ff 'f


    \?4
    - 3n nBrlflercfl HeperyrllEpyervroft,
    d#"3,':
    H AoJIxHa Hcno/rb3oBarbcff
    nia pa6:-ore
    f3C co^cpg4HecyrouHofin,routHoiinrofr., onpeAeJrseuofi.p.a"..yroqHbrM pac-
    xoAoMQ.. A"'rfl pa3MeureHHr sHepruu 3t HaAonocrpor.rrbrpeyroJrbH14K
    obr, 6niu
    cropoHar{oroporoab s coorBercrByro-
    'Ar,
    il{eM uacrura6e paBlra aHep,^^ a)
    ,.rt, .- .7
    a Apyran cropoHa BC paBHaMour- ..-1lNsT--
    _ ^f _-_l__.^- rvrvu{
    J----

    uocrn N". I-lepeueu{sqrpeyroJrbHuK no"'l_"f-


    uuur^q ,,-^l
    NBm'.1

    no aHa/rur3upyrou1efi
    r<pranofi
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    :nafiruraKoe noJIox(eHLIe,
    npn Koro-
    poM ABe BepunHbrrpeyrorrbHrnaa il fij-f++]-1l+
    14c pacnonolKarcrHa alalru3upyro- ffi,iffiTffiff|='
    uerl xpraeofi.Teu caMbrM
    6y4er onpe-
    AeJreHoMecro MoulHocru y'y'"H aHep-
    i l 4 , H a c y r o r r H o Mr p a Q u x e H a r p y 3 K H | | _f
    cucreMbr. Conueuras Ha oAHoM qep- I | {l
    rex{e nuKoBbr\!^no"rry6asucHult pe-
    ------1t,, l_
    x<t4Mpa6orrr fOC, noJryqlrM cyrorr- 0
    Hrtti tt:,"0'iil'il';
    ..o,ioJ';
    ,|x'f" l#:"n;?b,*;",io.T#:..?T :#""H-. i,:?#,|""xl
    B o A bI B p e I( e. flonuureHHltft Hailr4slt4BaHeprocncreMe
    ApyrHX fOC: o- .p'i
    -iu4poerreKrpocraHrruu
    pacxoA BoAbI B peKe l{crloJlb3yeTcfl $nx cucrerrlr; 6 - rpaQux
    n\Jlfl HanO"rTHeHHflBOAOXpaHI4JIHII\A14
    AJrfl Bo3MolKHo6onnurefi nltpa6orxn oHeptHH. fiprn HanoJrHeHHoMBoAoxpaHH-
    JIHUIeu us6arcKeBoAbIB peKe MaKcHMyM ntrpa6orxra gHeprr4n Mox(Ho noJryrrr.rrb,
    ecJIH f3C 6y4er pa6orarn ex(ecyrorlHo nonHofi ycraHonneHnofi MoulHocrbro
    B 6asnce rpaQt'rxa Harpy3KI'I. Einu B HorrHbreqacbr cylroK Harpy3Ka egepro-
    cHcreMbl MaJIa, To B ?TH qacbr [pHxoArdrcfl cHHX(arb Hafpy3Ky fOC c reM,
    qro6u o6ecnequrn rexHuqecxufi MTTHHMyM Harpy3KH KaC r.r AoC.

    B. 0rpannuennoe
    cyToqHoe
    perynrpoBanne
    CyrgqHoeperyaupoBaHueorpauurruBaercfl:l) no ycJroBuffna 6ecxaBnrd[HoH:
    nofi pa6oru ryp6u:l; 2) ncne4crBHevanofi eMKocrHdue$a unu laccefina cyrorrHoro
    peryrlHponaHun;3) no ycaoBuflMnogepxaHr{s B HH}KHeM 6teQe neo6io4uMbrx
    yponHefi v pacxoAoBBoAbr.
    -flptn Ha3Har{eHHHcyrorrHorope>KHMapa6oru fprApocraHuuu HeJrb3fl
    AonycKarb
    pa6ory ryp6raHB KaBI4raqHoHHoft soHe.3ra 3oHaAoJrlKHa rrpoxoAuTbcfl6nrcrpo-
    B nopflAKeIlepexoAaor oAHofi6ecxanHraur{oHHofi HarpysKr{x Apyrofi Harpy3Ke,
    TaK>Ke 6esonacHofiB orHorrreHlru
    KaBHTarrHH.
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    r la c T u r{ H o e , T . e . o fp a H I4 rreH H OecyTorl H oe peryJrH poB aH H e.
    Etraxocrt6teQa unvt 6accefiHacyrorrHoropefyJrnpoBaHr{rMo}Ker6urn saAaHa
    vrJrTr KuJroBair-qacaigu, KoropbreMox(HonoJry-
    B xy6nuecxltx uerpax 76, LrJrr4'B
    rrnrb npu cpa6orxe6reQa:

    (4-1)

    .Il,onycruu, qro BepxHnrr rracrb nHKa orBoAHTcqApyrHM ruApocraHrlrrsM,


    Koropble pa6orarcr c MoulHocrbroN, H orAaror B nHK aueprrao 3, (puc. 4-9).
    OrnoxuB or rotIKHe BnpaBoeMKocm6reQ0 9u, Molr{eMonpeAeJrlrrb,KaKyp qacrb
    87
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    88
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    6 t2 t6 zo-3 4 R, Il2tf)rc s nOCJIe
    ,'^^ na npOXO)KAeHHri
    n nn a,
    Bq AaIOTCff MaKclr_
    6) N{yMapacxoAa, qro HecKo/rbxoo6.ner-
    qaeT yc/roBHfl rror(pbrTH'
    ocTphrx:
    TIHKoB Harpv3KIt Hz3KoHanopuirnrur
    pycJroBhrMH ruApocraHr{HflMrr (crvr'
    'B
    12rnon nrirunu, p Hc. 6-25).

    30xn omnnonuHbt

    noJrolKeHr4ecnpaBeiuiHBo KaK
    Anfl
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    qare/rbHbrx Bo/rH. Tax
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    4.4. HE,q,EJIbHCIE
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    OSAHHE

    llorpe6JleHHe 3/TeKrpHuecxoft 3HeprHH B cy6Sory H BocKpeceHbe o6rr,{Ho


    yi\{eHbuaercfl (ptac. 4-2). B 6ontruuHcTle c,rlyrraeBoKa3brpaercq [e/recoo6pas-
    HbIM B sTId LHH cHlllKarb Ilarpy3Ky f3C no cpaBrreHqlo co cpeAHege4e,rynHoli
    r{arpysxoir H 3anacarb BoAy B BoAoxpaHHJrHIIIe. Haxonneurrui.r o6renaeoAbri\{o)KHo
    IdctloJlb3oBarbB pa6ouue .[HH HeAeJIHc noBbIueHHbrM3Jier(TponorpedneHHeM H
    TeM_CaMbrN{ }/BeJrr{rir4Tb Hafpyslry 14 Bbrpa6orxy 3riepfHH ftrApocraHuHrr"
    I{eAe"rysuoe peryJIHpoRaHI4eo6uquo npoBoAr.{TCrcoBMecrFro c cyroqHbrr\{
    p e r y J l H p o B a H H e N( p{ l t c . 4 - 2 ) . B P f l A e c f i y q a e B H e A e . r r b H opee r y J r u p o B a H u er p r { -
    xOAHTCflOfpaHr,rr{HBaTb fro vc,IroBHflrvr o6ecne,{eH14fl AJIf Ap}rrur BoAotIoJrb3oBa-
    re"rlefi H BoAonorpe6ttlenel:t secl6xor,Hubrx ypoeuefi r.i p acxoAoB BoAbr B HHX{HeM
    6te$e f3C. I4uorta cHI{r,<eHHe HaFpy3KH f3C s cy66o'ry r{ BocKpeceHbeorpaHn-
    qIIBaercfl c IIe/isrc o5ecfle.IeHPIfl ocraHoBKHafperaroB T'efl/roBbrxoJleKTpocrauUllft
    AJrtr Ter(yu{ero peMoHTa.

    4 - 5 . N O T E P 'S
    I H E P T F iN
    PBI HCYTOTIFIO
    1 'M
    II { E f l E ' I b H O MP E F Y ' I H P O B A H H H

    flp" pa6cre fAC Ha nHKe cyrorrHoro fp a$uxa Harpy3KHnpoucxoAnl cHrr>Ke-


    HLieypoBHfl ee BepxHero 6le$a, Bc/IeAcrBr4e qero Hafiop yh,reHbuaercfl.B nepno4
    I\'IaJIbtxHafpv3ot( npoHcxoAHTHa[oJrHeHr.re 6ue$a u ypoBeHb BCAbrB HeM BC3pa-
    craer, BoccraHaBJiI{BatICb K KoHuy Hano/rHeHufl. BcneAcrB14epa6oru f3C ilpr.r
    cHI4x{eHHbIX ypoBHflx BepxHero 6ue$a npoucxoAur rrorepn Bbrpa6orNn aHeprr.ru.
    Bropan ilpHtIHHa, Bbl3blBaloulaflyMeHb[reHHeHanopa n noreprl sHeprrrri npH
    cyToqHol\{ pefy.rIHpoBaFIIIH - KoJle6anus HHX{Hero 6te$a. B qacbl rpoxo>I{Ae-
    Illtfl nI-IKaHafpy3KLI r{epe3craHuuro rrporrycKaercfl pacxol BoAr]r,npeBbrruaiourufi
    ecrecrBeHHblr'I,qro BbI3bIBaernoBbr[ieHHe ypoBr]fl Hr.rx(Hefo6ue$a. B qacbr Nri{-
    HHMyMaHaf py3KH npoHcxoAlrr Ha[o,THeHHeBoAoxpaHr4[rErqa,pacxoA BoAbrqepe3
    craHlruro yMeHblllaerct{ H ypoBeHb HH>KHefo6le$a noHu}Kaercfl HH}KeecrecrBerr-
    Horo. B,IacH nHKa IIpH noHI4>KeHHor,r Hanope qepes ryp6unrbr npoxoAsl 6onb[rue
    pacxoAbl BoAbi, tITo BbI3bIBaeT noTepro gHepfHpr, npeBbrruarouyro B.brHf pbrrx
    3HeprHH B qacbl Ma"rIbIXHafpv3or{ f3C, KofAa uorpe6lreMbre ero pacxoAbr BoAbl
    uanu. B pe3yJlbrare sa cyrKn roryrraercr norepff eupa6orxu sHeprnrrr.klsN{e-
    HeHHepacxoAa BoAbInpu cyroqr{oru peryJrapoBaHnHBJreqer3a co6ofi yBeilHqeHne
    noTepb Harlopa B BoAonpoBoAflrqux coopy)KeHHrx, qro Aaer rpeTbro cocTaBJrfl-
    forqyp lorepb sHeprHH.
    B orAeJIbHbIXcflyqaflx tvloxer 6url qerBeprafl cocraBJrrrorqafl rrorepb sHep-
    f Hr.r, BcJreAcrBHer{3h{eHeHr{flxoe$QuuueHTa noJre3Hofo r,eficreus ryp6nH H re-
    HeparopoB. IrIHorAa rlpH pa6ore c cyrorrubrM peryJrr4poBaHr4eM 3oHa pa6oru
    MolKer oKa3arbcfl 6o,ryee6,rraronpnsrsofi H xoeQ$uuneHT noJre3Horo Aeficrsus
    nuApoarperara Mo>Ker noryrluTbcq 6o.nrure, qeM npu 6asr.rcHoN{pex(Hrvre,B pe-
    3ynbrare qero 6yAer He florepfl, a BbrurpbrrrrsHepfHH. BenuquHa norepb aHep-
    rtrn npn cvrot{HoM peryJrupoBaHuu nau6oJrb[rar B ycraHoBKax HH3Koro Hanopa,
    K o f A a x o n e 6 a u u n 6 u e $ o e B e J I H K Hn o c p a B H e H H r cc H a n o p o h { ; 3 T r rr r o r e p u M o r y r
    6rrrr 6onee 3-5% or cytouHofi Bbrpa6olr:r<ueHeprHH. Ecna rorepfl sHeprHI{
    craHoBflTcfl 3HaqHTeJIbHbIMI{, To Ivro}KerBo3HHKHyrb Bonpoc o6 orpaHHrreHHH
    cyrorrHoro pefy,{HpoBaHHr,,T. e. o6 yMenbuleHHr.rHcrroJrbsyeMoroA/Ir pefyJIH-
    poBaHHfl o6reua BoAoxp aHHJrHrr\a.
    , florepu aHeprHH HeAeJrbHoroperyJrupoBaHHfl onpeAe,Trrorcfl TelvrHx<e rIpH-
    qHHaMH,rrTOH noTepH CyTOTTHC|O peryJrHpoBaHpIfl, T.€. fJraBHbII\r O6paSOirt KOJle-
    6asueu ypoeHet?BepxHefo 14HH>KHefo6uecpoe.Ha uusKoHarropHbrxfHApocraH-
    r{Hrx c rr,rarofi rlJloqaAbro BepxHero 6reQa npu HeAeJrbHoMperynupoBaHuu rlo-
    Tepr,r N{oryr oKa3arbcfl HeAorrycrur\ro 6ornuuuH, a Ha BbrcoKouanopH.bIXf3C
    Mo>Ker norpe6oBarbcff qpffiMepHo Aopofoe yBeJTHqeHHe6accefisa cyrot{Horo
    pefyJrr{poBaHHff.flosroMy cyTor{Hoe peryJrr{poEaHneB pflAe cryqaeB rpoBoAHrcfl
    6eg: ueAerbuoro pefyJrr{poBaHHfl.

    g3

    \.
    ONTHMA'IbH()rO
    4-6. OCHOBbI PACNPE.4EJIEHHfl
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    sHEPTETH'{ECKOfi
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    Pexau norpe6n eHHn H teHepHpoBaHHr eJreKrpH,{ecxori sHeprgr,r
    6u* onrr.rMarrbHbrM AoJrx<eH
    Arrn Bcero HapoAHoroxogsficrri. e.n; B/rHsHHe
    pelKHMaHa sKoHoMHqecKHe td;#arb
    noKa3areJrueHepfocucreMbr a noipe6arenefi;;;il;;
    (saeo4on,$a6pHK Lr r. rr.), ro Mox(HoonpeAeJrarb
    orrrHMaJrbHbrfipexnnr pa6oru
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    JIHTcTgKoHoMHrrecKH o6ocHoeaHHafl xoHQarypaqus pacqerHbrxcyrorrHbrxrpa_
    Qllxon Hafpy3KH sHepfocucrer\,rbr.
    B npoexruoli npaKTHr{eH B HccJreAcBare.rrbcKHx pa6orax o6uqHo peuaerc,
    qacrHafl' 3a[aqa onpeAeJreHHflo[TH]i'la,rybHoro
    pe)KrdMareHepHpoBari]rff H pacflpe:
    a) npH 3aAaHHbrx
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    ,,t_fu|rea
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    u v -

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    ,+,u, #^ l
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    Berr{r{HHe e)KefoAHbre
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    B py6 ./ron; E"-;;-
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    IIHeHT EH nPeAcraB"IlflerIuHHHI\{aJibHo K'"9SO;-
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    :$ ycJloBn,flx er(cnJryararrnu 'iailr*o*
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    MourHocTH, THrIe m rIHcJIe
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    HHh4yMnpld ycJIoBHHco6np,ueHIdfl 6anauca rvrorqlrocru gHepfHH
    u B cHCTeMe.
    I_lp'n onpeAeJIeHHHHaHBbIroAHeriruero pelKHMa pa6ornr'ur..nr1r;;;il;;;-
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    alroprH3arlHro, KanHTaJrnsufi peMoHT, peuour H T. A.), ,, r4cKrroqeHraeM
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    H3Aepx(ex'H': MHHHMyI(npn saAaHHoMuorpe6"n*n""
    'K sHepfgrr B cgcreMe cBo-j.
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    ff -- pacxo,rt ronnHea , a c --- crogMocrb eAHHHrrbr i cB rAe
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    TOIIJIkrBa.B raxux CpIcTeMaxapuQ^'veTl{qecKafl cyMMa qacoBbrx MHHHMyndoB pac-
    xoAa ro[.IIHBa, [oActIHTaHHafl3a 24 q, Aaer MHHHMyMcyrorrHoto pacxoAa rorr-
    JruBa;cyM\{a cyrorlHblx MHHI{MyMoLpacxoAarouruBa ga 365 Anefi Aacr MHHr{r\{yM
    foAoBoro pacxoAa rorIJIHBaH T. A. Ecnu pacxoA KaKofo- nu6o rot1Jlr{Ba,Ha11pgMep
    ropQa, 3aAaH, To Heo6xo4uMo paccMarpr{Barb cyrKn B rl€Jroi\,Ivr HeJrb3r LrcKarb
    Mr,rHHMyr\{ qacoBofo pacxoAa TolJrHBa.
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    BOAOXp BJrerrersa co6oft cHHX(eHHeHanopa. B nocreAyrourafi npoli{e-
    aHVr,ilVU\a
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    x(eHHbIXHaIIope LI Aacr L{eHblxytoBbIpa6orxv sHepfHH. Vnleslureulre HJrHnorepH
    Bbipa6orxn gHeprHH Ha rpaH3HTHoMcroKe 6y4er Hruerb ruecro B TeqeHHeBpe-
    I\{eHHoT MoMeHTacpa6orxu AaHHoro o6tena BoAbrH3 BoAoxpaHuagrrlaAo MorueHTa,
    KorAa oH cHoBa 6yAer HaKouIeH B BoAoxpaHH/rHUIe.floaronry B cJrox(HbrxcH-
    gJIeKTpocraHqI,Ift,MHHHI\{yM
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    HbIe AJIfl HeAeJIbI{OfOpefyJli{poBaHHn cToKa KpynHbrx paBHrrHHbrxpeK.

    4.7. PESEPBbI SHEPTET}IItEOKl,IX CIICTEMH


    v c n 0 B p ! f iP A S M E I { E H HPRE S E P B 0 H
    B A ril[p0SJIEKTP0CTAHqHfX

    A, fiousrnn0 pegepBax
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    BHenJIaHoBbIXnoBbIIUeHufiHafpy3l(H B npouecce perynHpoBaHr{fl qacrorhr sJreK-
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    afpefaToB;
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    JleHflocrblo n.rlaFIaBbInycKa npoAyKuHr{,.r[,'rfl o6ecneqeHufl aHepruefi Aocpoqrro
    BBoAHMbrxB oKcrrJryaraquro saBoAoB, Qa6pnx a, T., rr.
    Anapufi,uurfi pe3epB AoJrx(eH6nm,Bo Bcex aHeprocrrcreMax.
    Bonpoc o HarpysoqHoM p$epBe oKa3aJrcs cnopHbrM. B HHcrrzryre <Sseplo-
    cerbnpoeKT) crIlITalor, qro c"nyvaftur,te npeBbrlxeHHfl I\raKcHMyMa Harp\,'3KrI
    AoJI)KHbl 6uru BKflroqeHbl B rpa$r.tx Hafpy3KH ar{eprocucreMbr. OAHar<o AJrr
    nepcneKruBbl B 15-20 JIer cyro.ruHfi rpaQux Harpy3Kn Mox(er 6url nocrpoeH
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    u'.BcfleAcrBue HeAocraro.Inofi cKopocrn yeeJrurieHufl MorrlHocrn TerrJroBbrx3JreK-
    rpggr?I1qufi. floatorr,ry- B . coorBercrBuu c MHeHHeM HHcraryra <<fuAponpoeKr>
    ,I{qF poo6pasuo co{qaFuTb. noHqrr{e Hafpys_oqqoro pBeDBa. Jlannnefiuee Heno-
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    95
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    >Kfi"rIbIXnox{eiqenyfr, Aopof w r. L. H. no ,'liecooqr.rcrKe
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    B npoeKrHbIX opraHH3aqnflx c\'IerHafl cror4r\{ocTbrr{Apoy3,rra
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    noAbe3AHbrenyrr.r
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    u i. n.
    BbItIHTaHHflr43 cversofi croHMocru Bo3BparHblx c)'lrM ilofivrraercfl
    HHBeHTapHafl
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    HbIX o6terroB crpoHreilbcrBa. llepeAarorcfl ApyrHr\,rBeAoMcrBa\r
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    3KcnJlyaraIryu 3AaHI{fl nocroflHHofo rHna 6Hetuero crpot4TeJrbHoro
    noceJrKa,
    6aga cTpoHTe"tlluofi HHAycrp r4H- 3aBoAbr xeneso6eroHHbrx
    r{oHcrp yxr\wfr, Me-
    xaHHq€cx.ufrH T. rI.' a raKx{e x{eJIe3HbIeII ruoccefisble
    Aopofu, ITHHHH3J.IeKTpo-
    nepeAaqH H T.. A.Cyn'tnaapHbleKaIIHTaroBJIox(eHHr3a BbrrreToryr
    cTor.rr'rocr6nepe-
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    croHr\,rocrb raApoy3Jra r(" : (. - (n, py6.
    llpr HcnoJrbsoBaHr.rH no;ioro[a ro,nixo B gHepfer,qecK,X r{e,rrflx sr' Kanrl_
    Ta,rIoBJIo)KeHHfl orHocflTcfl Ha eHeprerr4Ky; npH oToM K, :
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    t4 T. n.
    IIp" sroM Ha sHepreraKy orHocnrcfl qacrb Karrara/roBJro)Ke
    uuir, noninnlna"oro
    rHAp-oySJIaK, : aKr, lAe u- < 1,0 --._AoJIr orHocuNlbrx
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    Bentl'IHnu XsPaKreplr3yer cpeAHroro croHr\,rocr. ;;; yiraHonleuuofi
    _!.
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    AonoflHnreJrbHoro
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    , ar rpeAcra"n"*t
    -
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    rrp'paqe-
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    (5-2)
    O6nt'{Ho ar oflpeAeJltercfl npuMeHrrreJrbHo
    K yBeruqeHgro ruou{Hocr' fOC
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    n p o B o A a , 3 l L a H w fcl r a H q H Hc o 6 o p y A o B a H H e M
    H T . n . E c . u r rr r p H v c r a H o B K eA o n o f l -
    HI{TEJIbI{OTO AIPCTATAPYCJIOBbIX f3C IPOIICXOAhTCOKPAIICHHC ,4"IIHHbIII,rIOTI,IHbI,
    TO 9TO tlpHBO,{HTK CHI4)KeHLIIO CTOT.IMOCTu AonoJIHHTeJIbHOrO KrLlOBarra. B pau-
    nofi N{epeAO,TI}KHo 6utrl yqreuo yneueB.,TeHHevJur yAopox<aHHe crcHruocr'
    BCex
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    HHel\'l 14 T. 4., & B croHl\'{ocrb Aono"[HI4TeJrbHofo KHJIO-


    paa
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    a croultocrb 4ono/rHgTe/rbHofo | rcnm oKoJo L
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    H".100
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    s, - cb".

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    ( 5 4)

    Lgz
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    crag-
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    nrlBo - yfoJlb, ra3.

    B . Y c n o a r na H e p r e r H q e c KGo0f n o G r a B H M ofcArC
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    pacxoA sJIeKTpo3HeprkIHHa co6creeHHble Hyx{Abr, aBapufiuocrl H AJrHTerTb-
    HOCTbpeA,lOHTa arpefara K3C oKa3biBaercf 6ontrue, qeh,rl\nn fHApocraHqHrl.
    Hanpunaep, p3_c_x9A aHepfurl Ha co6creeHHbre HylKAbr f3C cocraerr"er 0,8-
    1,0%, a Ha K3C - 5-7%. llo1roMy us yc,,TonuflpaBeHcrBa norpe6"rrsernor?
    sHep\\H^Bltpa6orxa 3HeprHH K3C 3, AoJr)KHa6nrru 6onrrue Bbrpa6ornu oHep-
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    rAe xoaQQuqrieHr d L : 0,05-0,06 yqurbrBaer pa3Hurry B pacxoAe DJreKrpo-
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    H f3C 1/. noryiIHI\,I:
    fr" : (1 * q,, * a, * q, t do-a)ff*u *
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    fAe a 4 ytlHTblBaeT cHH>KeHHepacnoJlaraerraofiMOuIHocTHTyp6I4HbI f3C us-sa
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    ConocraB,rleHuefOC w K3C AonxHo_ npou3BoAurbcfl E onrr{MaJrbHbrxycjro-
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    Aaer
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    5-2. OEECflEqEHHAfi
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    A . 0 6 e c n e q e u n a f i c p e , q H e c y r o q H a fill f l o u r l r o c r br e c

    O6ecne'Iesuofi cpeAHecyrouuofi l\,IolrlHocrbrof3C Ha3brBaercfl ee 3apenyJrgpo-


    BaHHafl cpeAHecyroqHafl l\,rorrlHocrb, HMercuIafl pacqerHyro o6ecneqeHHocrb pp
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    :
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    (puc. 5-3) nofiytlHtu o6ecneqeHHylo cpeAHecy{roqHyroru-ol1pocrl No, KBm H o6ec-
    neqeHHyro cyrorrnyro enrpa6orKy eHeprHH 3o : 24 No., KBm..q. np" orcyrcrB4vr
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    l0E
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    roAy nnfl 3HepfeTHr{ecKU Hanpfl>KeH_
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    oHeprocucrer{e. 1-lp,
    HaJIrlqvH HeAe"[bHoropery;HpoBaHHfl o6ecne.ieuh-aq
    cpeAr-recvroqHarr NrourHocrb
    trjo ol{a3blBaercfl 6o,rlrue-o6ecneqeuuotltcpeJ,uenrecsqgor?
    nnou{noar, ff.'.o.
    B p a i t o H a x c p a 3 B t t r b t l {3 i T e K T p o [ { a i u l r H H bor .p\ o
    r n e r { r r e Mr ' r a K C H M y M
    3H('pfocr'rcrexrbr Harpy3r{H
    N'ro)Ker 6uri, B OAr.rH r43JerHr.{x Nrec_flueB. B raNai
    reqerrHaf r\{orrlHocrb f3c oilpeAenr{ercrr o6ec_
    riln coorBercrByrou{efo"ryuuqx Jrerr{ero r,re-
    cntla.
    n'ie>x1ypacr{erHofi o6ecneqeFlHocrbropp ^{orr{Hocrn
    IOC lr o6ecneqeHHocrbro pt
    PacqerHofo N{aJIoBoA}IororoAa I4A{cercsI3aBltcHA,tocrb,Ko.r'opvrc npvt6nu**n"o
    3anrrcbrBaruTB Tarioh{ BLtAe:

    r l - 1
    (5-7)
    fAti \' - orllocl4Te,tlbFloeqflclto Anefi aHepferrlqecKu__Hanprix{eHHofo
    neplroAa.
    Ecllt, Hal-PHN{ep ' Hanpfl)KeHHbINIH
    - o c r a n b H b r e oKa3brBarorcr TB aun u"n*".o nep6oAa,
    To \) : 73/365:0,2. B A H r . r r o ; r a , B A a H H o n ,ci J i y q a e B T e q e H H e
    292 xtefi, norpe6uocrb u ,J,:Iiposlrepflrrr r\rolr(er
    raK I(aK eecHoi?IuolrlHocrb i3C flo BoAoroxy J/AoB,rerBopr{rbcflc u:6urKoilr,
    6onlrire 1/o, ; B uo.^p..Hbre AHr4
    rpe6veTcn A'xfl^?lJeprocl'tcrexrbr Bbrtrla6orxa oHepfHr.rfAC rrrerrbrle No.24 : 3o.
    Fclrt Pp : 0,96, io e pacct\{arplIBsL-r\,ro\i
    cr\-qae pracuerui,ii:i\,1a,ToBoAnui.r roA
    Aon)rier{ i{l,rerb o6ecnerler.tHocrb

    pr:t-t;o&:0,80.

    A'nn Aasnoft o6ecneqeHHocrl{ pp ,r H npHHflrox,l onrHMaJrbHoMpe}r{H\{e


    pefyxHpoBaHH'r BeJIHt{HHao6ecne'{eHuofi -";,
    cpeAHecyrorrHorinnoqHocrg fOC r'rox(er
    Bo3pacrrt flI'IIrJb B cfiyq2qt: a) rrocrpollrirr
    HJrLryBerrrqeHgff er\{Kocrr.r
    cyu{ecrB\/IolqHx BoAoxpaHu,raq; 6) "ouot"
    cror(a per^ii.r3a cqer nepe6pocxu
    ),e-e,ryl.iqeHrrs
    croKa H3 ApyfHX peK.

    E. 06eene'reHHafffttr(onafl M0rq${oGThrsG

    o6ecneqeusoft naxoeofi MoIIIHocrbIo r{a3brBaercff


    r\4aKc'x,ra.rrbHafl
    MoulHocrb
    Iy''. o, c xoropoft f3C pa6oraer n qacbr:HKgB
    rafp yscvr npH o6ecneqenHoficy-
    roqHoft norpa6orxe oHepfr.r' 3o : N
    o- 24. Ec,ra iiopo.rarru'fl pa6oraer ces
    cyroqHofo peryJlHpoBaH4rr' To ee c6ecneqeHHafl
    nl{I(oBarrMorrlHocrbpaBHa cpeA,
    Hec-vrrotlHofl o6ecneqeriHoli N{orrlHocrH iy'*. :
    o OU". . np, HaJrr4rtHHcyrorlHofo
    peryJlHpoBaHHf rIHKoBaf l{oulHocrb ly'*.
    o ol]peAeaf ercfl B pe3yJlbrare pa3r\.{e-
    uIeHI4flo6ecneqessofi Bblpa6orxu t".p.rti 3.',;; cytouronu rpaSuxe Hafpy3KH.
    Aonvcrnnt, qro B sHeproc,cre^'{e 6:}ayt pa6crarn To/rbKo KoHAeHcarIHoHHbre
    siieKTpOCTaHIrHH H OAFIanpoeKTHpyeMafl f HApOCTaHUHfl, KOTOpaflMOIKeTnpo-
    BoAHrbHeofpaHHqeHHoe cyrotiHoe pefyJrHpoeaHHe.ftrp, o6ecneqenuofinupa6oixe
    aHeprHr{ 3o : N o'24 ro aHarrvrlprpyrou{e.q ^p*o"' (p"" 5 2: 6 onpeAerrneM
    o6ecneqeHHlllonHKoByIo luorrlHocto'ioc fr".
    ol b.n, qacrb nHKa saHrra Apy-
    rHI\4HfplApocraHuHflI\'II{,To npH rofi )Ke uupa6orxe
    eHeprHH Ao nr{KoBafl Moul-
    Hocrb f3C 1/;. 6y4er IvIeHbuIey'y'u.o., Ha puc . (5^2, d) noKa3aHo
    " onpeAe/reH'e
    o6ecne'{eHHofi naNosoli MourHocrH iy''. npn HailHLTHH
    o B cr4crer\{eApyrHx fOC,
    Kolopbl:l369talor B rruKe rpa$uxa *oufno"rbro ffn. vr B 6asrdce MoulHocrbro
    tu 6.c' r lpu oAHI'rx H Tex )Ke BeJIHTIHHaX "
    o6ecne,{eHHofi cpeAHecyrouHor?MoIrI-
    HocrH No H nlrpa6orKe SHeprHH 3o : No.24 o6ecneqa"nu" nHKoBafl MorrlHocrb
    fOC or roAa K-roAyBo3pacraerrrorox{y,r{ro c pasBHTHeM
    oJre6rporlorpe6neuns
    t04
    BO3paCTarOT n*r<v Harp)/sxa. Ha pHC. 5-3 noNa3aHbrBe,[rrqHHbrcpeArrecyrouuoli
    [{ol{Hocr.Y No H rrHl{oBortnaoU{HocruN* o npn oAHoM ypoBHe u nuKosok
    [,rorq-
    HocrH N'n.o npH BTo0ol\1,6onee BblcoKot\,I
    ypoBHe 3J{eKTpoilorpeOJeHI{fl,
    I{oropbll
    6yler qepe3 HecKo,,'IbKo /Ier nocile nepBoro vpoBrir.

    EMr.6N6r-t-Nn.r+Ml.o

    0 24v o 24't
    Prac. 5-2. on_pe4e.rerrireNraricr{r/aJrrHor:r
    npriioeoii N,rouIHocrr.r
    f3c: d - 3 r { e i ) f o -
    cttcre\{a I{3 I(3C u npoerirrrpyeuortf3C; 6 -- aueprou{creN,la rr3 I ( 3 C , c y i q e -
    crnyrou{Hxr{ npoeKrupyeNroiifOC
    I - npocxrrrpyeMar fOC; 2 - cyu{ecruyrculue fOC

    5-3, BblTECi'lflF0UlAff
    H fi]r$nptpyt0tqAft
    il,t0UlH0CTb
    rgc
    Burecssroulei.i Ha3brBaercflTa r\{oilrFrocrrr,Koropaff MOX(eT3ar{eHrrTb
    B SHepro-
    cl4creNreycraHoBJIeHHlrFo luotqHocrb ApyfHX, eu{e FIe nocTpoeHHbrx,Hanpr.rNiep
    K O H A e H C a r r H o H H b3
    r xJ,r e K T p O C r a u u u r io. 6 e c n e q e H H a s BbrTecHfl
    [OUIag r\4ou{HOCTb
    f'3C iy'u.o paBHa cvNrMe o6ecneqeu-
    sofi naxoeorl \,{otrlHocrn ff*.
    o H
    o6ecne.IeHHofi 3arracoN{ BoAbr B Bo-
    49x_pe HH/rHuIe pesepeHofi MorrlHocrr4
    fi-\a- I I
    I JL 1Vp. feC.

    y'y'".o: y'y'*.o* i/0. 1.s".


    Ha puc. 5-3 ,t"rr.q oAHoro ypoBHq
    3JreKTponorpe6neHurrroKasaHbrBbr_
    recHflrorr(afl MOrUHoCrbiv;. H CoOr_
    "
    BercrByroulafl efi rp aHHUaBbrTecHf ro_
    Ulefi MoIrIHocrH. Moulnocrt fOC
    cBepx 1/". , flB,rr.Eercfl
    ce3oHHofilrout_
    HOCTbIO Lt N4O>KeT 6ltrn t{crroJrb3oBa}I?l
    TOJrbKoB IIepuo/..5onbrrjHx pacxoAoB
    BoAbIB pel{e. B a'epfocHcTeMax, He puc. b-8.
    onpe4erreH'erpaHrrubrerrrecHaroule'i
    Tpe6ypuIHX peMoHTHoro pe3epBa vrorqnocr"fAC
    ,
    ce3oHHafl MOTqHOCTb f3c f BJrflercfl
    A!',upyrc',Iell l\4oll{Frocrblo'Koropafl He Mo>Ker 3aN'eHHTb
    ycraHoBJreHHyroMorrl-
    HOCTb KOHAeHcauHoHHbrx sJieKrpocrariquft. Bo BpeMfl pa60ru
    MoIrIHocrI4 fac cHHx(aercfl Harpy3Ka A!'nupyrou1efi
    ApyrHX, HanpHMep KoHAeHCarrr,oHHbrx,
    3JleKrpocraHqufi' B N'IaJIoBoAHbIe cesouni ioou ny6nupyrouaq
    npocraHBaer u B pa6ory AOJIX{HaBKfiIoqarbcfl ,r\4or{Hocrb fOC
    coorBeTcrByroqaq MoruHocrb
    ApyfHX, HanpHr\4epKOHAeHcauHoHHbrx, sJreKrpocrasqafi.
    EcnH Arrn aHepioc'creMbr Heo6xoAHM pil;;;;;;a*'p.rup"
    N{orrlHocrrr,ro ce_
    soHHafl MoulHocrb f3C Mox(er 6rtrn HcnoJIb3oBaHa
    B KarrecrBe peMoHTHoro
    p$epBa. ,B nepuoAPa6orblce3oHr{ort
    Morrl,Hocrr{
    Mox{HopeMogTr4poBarb
    arperarbr
    105
    KoHAeHcaut{oHFIbtx g,TeKTpocraHr{HI\. B raxux c/Iyqasx o\ns r<H[roBarrcesouHofi
    Mou{HocrH fOC IvIo}Ker saMeHHrb tIpHMepHo tri12, t{atn ycraHoB,ryesHofiMou-
    HocrH KoHAeHcauHoHHblxsJleKTpocraHqufi, rA0 t* - qr4cJro Mecflueg pa6oru
    cesoHHor?r{oulHocrr4 B pacuerHoM MaJroBoAHoM flo r\aepe
    ', pocra aJrer{rpo-
    norpe6"rreHwfl. Bo3pacraer ilI,IKoBafl MoulHocrb lg4y.
    f3C iy'". o aooruarcrBeHHo
    yBe/IH.IHBaercflee o6ecneqeHHaflBblTecHflrou{aqnnouluociJ //o.
    o. Ha :pHc. S-S
    [oKa3aHbI ABe Be.rIHrIHHbrBbrrecHflro[Ieli MouIHocrH f3C N n. o H N ;- ,, HS Ko-
    ropblx repBafl BeJIHt{HHa(1) coorBercrByer 6onee 6,nusxonay, a eiopax (2) -
    orAa/TeHHOI{yrio Bper,reHr.rypoBHro gJreKTponorpe6"teHHfl.

    5'4. 0CHoBtlblE n 0fl 0x EHl,{f TEXHH K0-3K0H0tux }trtEc K0r 0 050cFt0BAFt!,tfl


    vcrAH0BnEHH0 Mf 0i u l H o c TrHa c c y L t E T o M
    tpAKTopA BpEMEHT
    A , O c m o s urle x H H K o - o K o H o M H q e cpK
    aHc qxe r o B
    Texssxo-3KoHorvturrecKuepacqerbrnpoBonnrcflcorJracHo4eficrnymIrluMpyr{oBoAflrrluM
    yKa3a_
    H H S M[ 2 7 , 3 0 , 3 l ] .

    i#,ifh:Tl;'?l'.""trJ: ;i::
    il:ffi:#filff;,:?
    KeroAHbrxn3neptxer{IIt f Hz. Ecnu Kt} Kz,
    I crinTaercfi3KoHol{I4qecKu
    aQSexrllnHblM,
    ecJIH
    ir:

    (5-8)

    (5-e)

    rae E -- xoe$SuqpleHTcilaBiillTenruorl s$$ei<rlieHocrr.rKanHraJroeJtox{eHr.rfi


    , a Eu - efo HcpMarrrB-
    Haff BeJIIzqHHa'? - cpor< oKynaeMocru AonoJIHHTeJrbHbIx
    Ptt -
    KanHTa,IroBJIolKeHnfi Kr, a in aao
    H o p M a r H B H a f lB e r H r r H H a . C v u r a e r c R , r { T o T u : llEH.
    vcJroelre BbrroAHocrr.rBap va*Ta I lroxno ga,,'carb B BHne

    ErKt* HrSEn.Kz * Hr, (5-r0)


    rAe cyMMbr

    E H K +H : 3 (5-rr)
    Ha3hrBaIoTcrIpacqeTHbtMH3aTpaTaMH.
    Ilpr'r 6ollruoM qHcJIe BapuaHroe ert6op HauBbrro4Hefiuero BaprranTa [poH3BoAHTcfl rro
    MHHS-
    MyMy pacrreTHbrx 3aTpaT:
    3: EnK* n: Mr{HndyM. (5-l0a)
    floarsoeaHue.nrc6rtl{ ycJIoBHetlI(5-.-B),(5-9), (5-10) r.r.rru(5-l0a) no:norrffer orpeAenHrb oAHr{ s^Tor
    xe oKoHoMHriecKI,I HaHBblroAgeliurufiBapHaHT.
    3anHcutuocru (5-8)-(5-11) nptauenffIorcs B rex cJryqaflx, KorAa cpaBggBaeMbrec6repu
    Moryr
    nocrpoeHbr B reqeHue oAHoro roAa H c ororo HJrHco cJreAvroqero roAa
    fllrru Aaror nolutrfi uOS.*r.
    Eclu o6t.extrt crpoffTcfl B TeqeHl'teHecKoJjbKHxJIer, HMeroTpa3Hbre cpoKr{ crpogTeJrbcrBan
    BBoAsrcg
    B 3KcnJiyatauHlo oqepeAflMLrH r. JI., To B 3aBHcHMocru(5-B)-(5- I l) no4craBJrffrorcsne
    $axruvecKr4e,
    a npHBeAeHHbIe K oAiroMy yc/IoBHoMy roAy KarIHTaJrOBJrOlKeHHrr K, pacverHbre3arparu 3 H npHBeAeH-
    HbIe K nocroflHHotl seJIHqHHeIi3Aepx<KHH.-nonrcoBar{He npHBeAeHHbrMH BeJrHsHHar" K, V n S
    no3Bo.[ser KoJIHrIecrBeHHo yqecrb BJIHflHHecpaxropa BpeMeHHB TexHHKo-oKoHoMHrIecKHx pacqerax.
    llpu erou ycHTblBaercff, HanpHMep, yuep6 ,6r nper,,reHHoro oMeprB.,,regr{fl
    KanHTaJrosfloxeHr.rfi,Koro-
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    Yj Aalor aQSexra 3a Bce Bpepln or HarlaJIa crpour€JrbcrBa Ao nvcKa o6rexra B sKcrrnyaraugro.
    IInn noitcrtera npHBeAeHHbrx K roAy n pacrlerHbrx 3arpar r\{oxHo npHMeHffTb cJneAyroulyio
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    l t L

    E- T t (E"Ki * 6Hi) (l + E")n-i, (5-r2)


    -
    / l

    l:1

    fAe r(; - Ka[HTaJIoBJIo]KeHHsB rol l; 6H i - npnpocr ex(eroAHbrx HBAepx(eKnpog3BoAcrBa s roA l;


    tTL- TIHCJIOJIeT' B TeqeHHe I{OTOpbIXnpOHgBOAflTCflKa[HTaJIOBJIOX(eHHffHJIH HgMeHsIOTCfl eX{efOA-
    HbIe I{3Aepx(KH; n - ro4 npHBeAeHHtI3arpari - xoeQQHIIHeHr yqera
    4s Saxropa BpeMeHH.
    log n npHBeAeHHflsarpar Mox{er 6urt nio6riu, Ho otjdsateJrbHo oArrHM!r
    rer\r x{e KaJreHAapHbrM
    roAoM rJIt Bcex cpaBHHBaeMbIxBapHaHToe.EcrH sarparbr npuBoArrcrr K .oAy nycKa nepBoro
    arpe-
    rata fOC, ro n paBHotllicJy JIeror Haqa,ra
    crpoHrenicrnal3C g6 roAailycKaeenepBoroarperaTa.
    106
    B coornercrBHnc [31 ] ,4,'rr 3HeprerHKR [pnHaMaercfl r E*' : 0 , 1 2 u E ,
    - E", Kpor\re(5-12), ilrox{HonoJrb3oBarbcr TaKx(e _ : 0 , 0 8 .f l p u E " :
    QopMyrorl B. B. Eonorosa124,c.43gl. Bmecro
    (5-12) Molr{HoHarrucarb
    ? -
    EHK+ H, (5-r3)
    fAC K - T T P H B C A C H I { b I CI ( A N I { T A J I O B J I O } K C H I;I f l H _ N P H B C A C I { T I b I Cex{efoAHbre H3Aepx(KH

    m
    K-\l KiU*E")n-', (5-14) En- \l 6Ht (t * Eir-t, (5-I 5)
    -/

    ;-1
    l
    4
    L:fl

    rre n_ fo.u nycKa neptsoro, arperara f3C s 3KcnJryarauuro.


    O 6 i ' r q I { o_ n p H I l l l l \ ' t a } o6rH r : - H t,_qro coorBercrByer yqe'rv ex(eroilrrbrx ri3.TepiKeri
    _ !!t*, 3a
    6ect<oseqtto 6oluuroe qHcJIo ner. I,IHbrAa Heo6xonul,ronpon3Becrg SKorroMgqecKoeconocraB.ireHHe
    BapHaHros-sa_o6ospurvrulricpgl{ HopM^aJIbHoti axcn.nyarauun o6r,exroe Ec"irH 3Tor cpoK npHHrrb
    IIopsAKa 30-35 n.1,,To nptt.Eu: 0 , 0 8 l \ 4 o x { H on o r r b 3 o B a r b c f rf e M H x e S o p v l t i r a M L r( 5 : 1 2 ) r z ^ ( 5 - t 5 ) ,
    npLIHLIr,{a Br H H x d H i - H;-Hi_r.

    E . Y c n o s H n 0 n r H M t { s a q H i yl G T a H 0 B n e H H 0M
    f i o i r l H 0 c r Hf 3 C
    OnrHuaJibHafl ycraHoBJleHHafl ruorrlHocrb f3C, KaK H nrc6ori Ap),rofi ee
    IiapaMerp (oriraerxaHopl\,raJlbHoro noAnopHoro ypoBHfl, eruKocTbBoAoxpaHq,rrr4ula
    v r. n.), Bbr6upaercfl rro ycJroBuror\,rr{HuMyN,ra npr4Be.leHnbrxpacqerHbrx 3arpar
    n o B c e N { yH a p o A H o r r yx o 3 f l r ? c r B y :

    3 : E,K +71 : MHHHtilyM, (5-16)


    rAe ( r{ 14 -
    noncr{HraHHbrec yqeronr Qaxropa BpeMeHHrpHBeAeHHbreKanHTa-
    H
    "rloBJlox{eHufl e>KeroAllbleIz3Aepx(KHB HapoAHoMxo3fllicree. Ta >Keo[THMaJrb-
    HAn MOUIHOCTT) AO,''I)KHanO/IyI{HTbCfl npH npaKTHrIecKot\,rpaBeHCTBexoeQQra-
    UHeHTOBcpaBHllTe;lbHofi eS$exruBHocrn Kailr4TaloBJlolKeHgrlE ero Hopryrarr{B-
    Hofi Be/IHqI,IHeE-:
    rr - LHs-
    _-:____=:_
    LIl,
    t ;tr llHr (5-17)
    a(n - a("
    rAe AK. u Ln, - yBeJIHqeHHenpHBeAeHHbIXKailHTarroBJrox{e nufr u e>KeronHbrx
    HqAep>I(eKnpfi I\IaJIoM yBeflHqe[Hu ycTaHoBJIeHHofiMolrluocrg f3C; A(, H
    LH , - sKoHoMHfl npHBeAeHHbIx KanHTa[IOB/Io]Ke HHfi H e)KeroAHbIX H3Aep]KeK
    npld coorBercJBytoqeM yil,teHblxeHuu saMeHfleMorl ycraHoBJreHHor?MouIHocrH
    u 3aMeH.fleMor? Bbrpa6orxu sHepfHH.
    I-ip, TexHHKo-SKoHot\IHrIecKoM o6ocHosaHHH ycraHoBJreHHor?MouIHocrH, KaK
    H JIIo6oro Apyforo napaMerpa f3C, cp€BHr{BarorcflABa BapgaHra aHeprocg-
    crex.{br: I ) npz yBe/THqeHHLtMorrlHocrr.{fOC , 2) npu pa3BHrHH MouIHocrH Ha
    ApyrHX sneKrpocraHr{Hflx cHcrervrbr - Ha K3C HilH Ha
    Apyror? fAC. Vpoenu
    kr pelKHMbI ilorpe6neHus sJIeKTposHeprI{HB sHeprocHcrcr\,re
    AJrfl o6oHx BapHaH-
    ToB npHHHMarcTcfloAHHaKoBbIMI{.ConocraBJIeHI{eluo)Ker npoH3BoAHTbcsToJrbKo
    npoeKrHpyeMbrx o6remoB, HanpHMep f3c H 3aMeHfleMofiK3c, Ho c o6nsare/rb-
    HbIN{ yqeToM Hx BIIHfl'HL4flHa Apyf He o6rexrul KaK gKcnJIyaTHpyex,rbre,TaK H
    crporlrlHecfl. I-lpoeKTLIpyeMbleaJIeKTpocraHrlr{H rroc./re HX nocrpofixn N,roryr
    IIoBJIHflTb,HanpHMep, Ha pex(HM pa6ornr H pacxoA Ton.riuBaylKe HMerouIHXcR
    B 9HepfocHcTer\4e TenJroBbrx gJIeKTpOCTaHrIHfi.
    IIp" o6ocHoeaHrrt orrruMaJrbHofi ycraHo.BJreHHori MorrrHocru fOC rro r\,reroAy
    cpaBHHTeJIbHoflaSSexruBHocru Kanr4TaJIoBJiolKenafi (5-17) B pacr{er BBoArrcfl
    B flBHoM BHAe KaIIHTa/TOBJIOX{eHLIfl nO sHeprOCHCTeMe(nO gneKTpOcTaHIItI.flM,
    rIoAcTaHUHflMu JIHHHflMsJlel{Tpo[epeAaqu) I{ KaIIHTaJIoBJI9X{eHHg no pa3BHTHro
    TOnJrHBHbrx 6ae..H rpaHcnopra. B sroM cnyqae ex(eroAHbreH3AepxKH renJloBbrx
    3/IeKTpocraHIIHI?no Ton/'IHBy onpeAeJlflIorcfl no ce6ecrogMocrg efo
    Ao6brqg Lr
    TpaHcnopra. OnruuaJlbHyto ycraHoBJIeHHyIoMorrlHoclt f3C rpoqe eu6up arb,
    norlb3yncb KpHrepHeMI\{HHHMyMa pacqerHbrx sarpar (5-16). flpru aroM E pacqer-
    tJqt o6ocHonaHIIrI crportreJlbcrBa
    KoMnJreKcHbrx
    rnApoy3JroB H Kpy[HbrxpafioHroo6paayrc-
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    rrpg
    T u : - 8 , 3 r b A aH E u : i ' 0 , 1 ? .

    107
    ;:'"#l3l't#Bdtit?;3lri.r.r{rpocraHuHnM BKnroqarorcn
    pacqerHbre
    sarparbr
    B seo6xonHI\rbIX ycJIoBuflx yr{HTbrBarorc.fl
    TaK}Ke pacr{erHbre3arparbl no no-
    rpe6uteJlffM 3HeprHH' ecJIH Hx TexHHKo-gKoHoMHqecKHe
    or BefiHqHHbr noKasare.rrHBaBHcflr
    _ycraHoeneHHoft r\,rorr{HocTufOC.
    vc"ryoeHe (5- l6) 6yaer co6nroAarbcfl,
    HHH ycraHoBneuuofi MorrlHocru fOC :..{" lpu rrocrreAHeMMa/rorvrvBefiHqe-
    ua A l/. OVo., Aocrr{rarbcs np aKrnrrecKoe
    p aBeHCTBO
    A3": A3., (S_lB)
    r;1e A3. - yBe"TI'IqeHr{e 3arpar no fOC, noAcTaHUrdfii\{
    il'aq* npH yBeJIllqei{HHMolI{HocrH f3C, a 43" -_-noryuuan4r" H "rrlrr{nr{N,T
    3iTeKTponepe-
    j\'''{fl 3arpar ''o I(3c c norcraHl{HflM', rrpH 3ToNrgKoHo-
    JrvrHHrNt sner(TponepeAaqHH no ron'r,By
    c yqerol\,{crorrl{ocTH efo rpaHc[opTHpoBKH.
    flonrsoBaHue npHBeAeHHb,IMI{ sarpararr,taueo6xoAg[4o B Tex cflyr{arrx,
    npor.rcxoAaToi\{eprBJreHueKarrHTaJroBJrox{enttfi, Korra
    T. e. KorAa nocJreAHaeHe
    :$cfrexra B reqeHue HecKorIbKHx rrer. Aaror
    nt; ;;;yt.ri"nr ox,reprB.rreH,r Kan,rarro-
    B"flo)KeHufi 4onx<no co6nroAarbcfl paBeHCTBonp,paueuuli
    Qu^tro.cKrrx 3arpar:
    A3. a' A3". (b-l8a)
    SxoHoNlplq3arpar B slleprocltcrer\renpr4
    yBefirlqeHrrr.rycTaHoBneuHofiN,rorrIHCcrH
    f3c cvurecrBellHo gaBr4crt^tor Toro,
    flBJIfleTcff JrLrxono,rrHllTeJlbHaflil{or{Hocrb
    fac o6ecneqe'uoli lnn paforbl B tnLprerliqecK,
    HanpR)r{eHHbre r\,{ec'ubrpacqer-
    Horo IVIaJIoBoAHoro
    roAa (o6sruHo :nmttue) ^n, oni
    6srrt Hcno,rrb3cBaHa ce3oHHofi u uox<er
    roJrbrlo B nepr.roAnaBoAKa. ""nfleTcfl

    5 - 5 ' T E x H l 4 K C I ' 3 K 0 H 0 M l { t l f c t {0C6 I0Ec H 0 B A H $ . r E


    v c r A H o B n E H H CM
    I f i0 t q 6 g c r 1 r g c

    A . O c H o s H H es a B H c H M o B T H

    r,nn o6ocuoe aHHfl ycraHoBneuuoli il,rorrlHocrra


    foc Heo6xoA'r\{o onpeAeJrr{rb
    pafioH ee Aet?creliq H pe)KHM pa6oru.
    Haia6onl.- rqrq.Krr.rBHo MorrlHocrb foc
    Mox{er 6ltrl acnoJlb3oBaHaB aHepreTuqecxoli
    c}rcrer{e. flp" nrr6ope MorrrHocr'
    xpynuofi f3c ueo6xoAplMoyril4TblBarb
    co^Bpe^,re'Hbre H ocoderrHo nepcne^T'B'bre
    norpe6uocr' 3Heproc'crer\4 qepe3 15-20
    n.r ;;;;; nocrpor?xu r'ApocraHr{uu.
    Blr6op n'rouluocra f3c no nepBbrN{foAaM
    ee pa6oru H
    K 3aHi{x(eHuro ycraHoBneuHofi _orpaH'qe'Hfl c@epn ee
    MoulHocrr{ fgb..
    arpoeHa Ha SaHHx{eHHyIol\{oilrHocrb,
    To pacluHperir{e
    Tar{H}r oKa3brBaercn qpe3Bbrrrafino
    cJro}KHbrMH Aopo_
    H Railprra/rbHbrxr'Aporex*raqecK'X
    I\{eHeHHeM coollyxeHurt .' ;i;-
    B3pbIFHbIxpa6or' c apytofi cropouit,
    B nep'or, crpoHreJrbcrBacpaBHH-
    T€''TbHoJIeiKo rt c ue6onuruHl\{}I 3arparaM'
    ^acx'o BbInoJIHHTbMI{HHManrgufi
    o6rent pa6or no noABoAnofi qacra rcb-,
    r. A. H reN{ car,rbrMocyu{ecrBprb 3aAeJr
    Ailn arpefaroB eroport oqepeAH,
    r{epe3 HecKo,rrbKoJrer -f3c
    LcraHoBKa Koropbrx rvrol*er norpe6oBarbcr
    noc,rre rtycxa n 3Kcnfivarau'rc.
    Pexurt pa6oru foc B aHeprocllcre*{e
    H ee ycraHoBJreHHaflr\{oruHocrbB3aHMo-
    cB13aHbI' llpe4no'1o)n.,n'l' tITo .'pH H3BecTHbrx
    no4nopuorl orMerKe Lr rny6aue
    cpa6orNH BoAoxpalr4"ryuu\a onpeAefieHbr
    rroKasare.rrfi H xapar(TepHSTHKH Hau,-
    Bbrfo,lriefiurer
    ),craHoBn.""ooo'i,1'#:31;'i3t"'ii:)T:#'"tflffi?ft"nJr";
    HocrII fAC Ha Affr, KBm
    Aaer yBe/IHqeHHeee cpeAHero.qoBofrBbrpa6orxg
    rr44 Ha A3", KBm'q H rpe6yer-vBenaqeHufl sHep-
    3arpai sa A3. no rcC; noAcraHq'*4
    H JIHHH'TM s"rleKrl)onepeAaqH'B o6ulelt cflyqae
    npu yBe;raqeHr.{r4
    MorqHocrraI1OC
    MolKer 6rtrl vMeHbueHa ycraHoB,rleHHafl
    MorrlHocrb H errpa6orra eHeprHH sa-
    MeHfleMofisrexrpocraHqHu' qro
    AaeT gKoHoMI,rIo3arpar A3". ;.nn oAHHaKoBoro
    yAoBJIerBopeHI'Ifl
    norpe6urenefi sHeprI4H MolrlHocrb H errpa6orKa
    BbIX oJleKTpocraHuafi Ao/rlKHa 6nrfn eHeprHH rerJro-
    6onnrue, qeM ruApocraHqufi, noroh,ry qro
    arperarbl Trc I{MeIor 6onnuryro aBapxfinocrs
    Fr doirruurt pacxoA eHeprHH Ha
    108
    co6crBeHHbre Hy>KAbr. Ecnw B KaqecrBe 3a[.IeHfleuofi fipwHLr\[aercfl KoH,reHca-
    tu4oHHafl SJreI{TpOCTaHrIHf,
    TO c o r J r a c H o $ 5 - l M o ) K H o H a n p r c a r n :
    ANt -q*1,10-1,15;
    A1/. ++-rp-- 1,0-1,0S.
    d v f

    Kax<luu?Aono/rHHTeJrbHbrfi
    KHJroBarrMorrIHocTH fOC Aaer rvreHbtuvro
    Bbrpa_
    6orxy sHeprHH, qeM ee nqel(brAyuHfi K,.rroBarr. lloerouy 14 no pnAy .apyr,x
    npI4t{HHSKoHoI\{Hfl3arpar A3.cHl.l}Kaercfl no r\{epeyBeJiHrreHHrN1ontHoctrr^iOC.
    Paeencrno tpllpaureuufi 3arpar, KaK cKa3aHo;
    $"5-4, otrpeAe/rrer onrr4\ra.rib-
    Hylo ycraHoirreHrryro NroulHocrbf3C no (5- l8) H (b- l8a) . Llinsger-rri1ee
    yBe.rrr.iqe_
    HI{e MOITIHOCTII
    3KOHO[,fHrIeCKHHeBbifoAHo,Tar( KaK 3r]TpaTbrno f3C 6),1],r frpe-
    BbIIIJarb3KoHol'lurcHa 3aMeHfleMbix3.rier{Tpocrai{r(r4rrx.
    Br,rpa3pil{3arparbi qepe3
    KAfiHTailOBJTOX{eHHfl LI e)fieroAHble H3Aep}Kr{Ir.
    flp, yBerHr{eHI'lHycraHoB;leHsoii \rorrtHocru f3C rra A1/, KBnt Kanr{TaJro-
    ,
    BJIOIK€HI4fl
    no f HApOCraHrlrifltvt,
    IOLCTaHT{HflM u JrHHpiflN{
    aJreKTponepeAaqHBO3_
    pacTaloT Ha
    A r(. : arLN ,, pE6. (5-le)
    CooreercrBeHHo ex<efoAFrbre H3Aepli{Ku yBeJrHq}rBarorcrr Ha

    AH, : urLN ,, py6/eod. (5-20)


    Pacqerutre 3arparbr Bo3pacrarorHa
    A3, : EuAl(,.+ LH, - (E,a,.* u,) AM, : s.Al/", (5-21)
    IAe d, - cToHxiocTb AonoJIHHTeJIbIioro 1 nem ycTaHoBneHnofi N{otqHocrr.rfOC
    B pv6nnx c yrleroNl KanHTaJIoBJIolKeHltfi no ircAcrariunrM Lr JiiiHr4flr\InepeAar{H;
    U, - COOTBeTCTByIOil{LIe yAeJIbHbIee)KerOAI{bIeH3AepX{t{HHa OAr.rHAo[otHriTeJrb-
    utrfi KHJroBarr ycranoBJreHHofilnou{Hocrn ftr; p, yneJrbHbre3arparbr Ha L rcem
    AoroJlHr{renlHofr ycraHoBleHuofr MouIHocrH fgc,

    3p : Erre, * g.. (5-22)


    Ecnu 3aMeHqertror? oKa3brBaercfl KoHAeHca{HorrrraflaJreKTpocraHrrus, To 3KoHo-
    Mr4fl pacqerHbrx 3arpar 6yAer:

    43. - f"A,(, * H,: (E"a"1- u; LNn* ,r.nAJ' (5-23)


    rAe Ar - croHl\'tocTboAHcro Ao[oJIHHTeJIbHoroKHJIoBarra ycTaHoBneuHofi
    [,roq-
    HocrH KAC v pylnax c ytlerolu KaIrHTaJroBJrolKeHHft no noAcraHqgflr\{ H JTHHHflM
    sJleKTponepeAaq[l Ur - coorBeTcrBylolqHe elKeroAHbie H3Aep)KI{H
    B py6nnx ro
    AonoJIHI4TeJIbHorwyKuJroBarry i\{orqHocrtr KAC 6es lrs4epN(eK rio rcn,,.rrlBv: so _
    pacqerHble sarparhl no ronrlHBy rra | rcem.q Ebilpa6orxu ,
    oHeprHH iiSitik'.o1,
    "
    Sp. : bCp, (5-24)
    "
    rAe b - yAennnnrfi pacxoA TorrJrHBa .ri, cp _ pacqerHaff crorTrrocrb
    . rce/(rcem
    oAHoro KHJIorpaMMa roil"flHB&,pg6. BeJH.I'HHyce MoxHo npr4HflrbpaeHofi pac-
    seTHbrM3aTpaTaM:
    cp: E"&"* c, - (5-24a)
    fAe Qs - yAeJIbHbIe KanHTaJIoBJIcr)KeHHff B TonJIHBHyFo 6asy
    H pa3Br{ruerpaHc-
    nopra B py6nnx Ha | rce roAoBori Ao6r*{H rorJruBa; c- ce6ecrouMocrb
    ronJrzBa B py6Jrflx | rce
    Pac'rer' MoxHo rrpoH:lBoAHTb KaK AJrfl.l.raryparTbHoro, TaK H AII. ycJroB'oro
    ToITJIHBa,?rMeroueroxa.nopufiHocrb 7000 rcrc,an/rce.
    He ycloenfi paBeHcrBanpaBbrx qacrer?
    qJIeHoB 1S-itlu (5-23) nocrre AerreHr{nBcex
    Ha Ail. Ilofi.yql'IM OCHOBHyI0 3aBHCHMocTb Aflq sKoHOMr{qeCKorO
    o6ocuo-
    BaHHn orrrr4r\{aJrsnofiMorrlHocrrcieC:
    E^d, * u, ^r g (Era, + ur) * Qsr.rlr, (5-25)
    109
    rAe t, : A3rlANr - cpeAHeroAoBafl Bbtpa6orxa 3HeprHH H[rH rrucflo qacoB
    HCnOJIb3OBaHHfl AOnOJIHI'ITeJIbHOrO KHJIOBaTTaycTaHoBJlreHHorl MOTTIHOCTH f3C.
    ,Ileeaq qacrb 3aBI'tcHN{ocrLI(5-25) npercraBJrfler pacqerHbre sarparbr aHeprocn-
    crel\{bI Ha oAHH Aono"rlHHre"rllsltfiKHJIoBarr ycraHcBnesHorl Mou{HocrH'f3C,
    a npaBaq - cooTBeTcTByrcuyrcSKOHOX,IHTO nO TenJroBbr[43/reKTpocTaHrlr4flr\{,
    Jrw-
    HHflIU gJleKTponepeAaqu,noAcTaHr{HrM sHeprocucTeMbrH no ronnueHofi 6ase
    14Tpaficnopl)'. Ecnn o6ecneqeHHocrbgJleKTpocHa6xeHnsB Bapr4aHrecgcreMbr
    c I(3C u c f3C cyurecrBeHHopa3JIHrrHa,ro B 3aBHcHxto'Cr:a (5-25) AoJrlKeHBXo-
    TIJICH,ytIlITbIearcIIlHfipa3HOCTb
    AHTI) AOno"IiHHTe,''ibHbII"I lqep6a y noTpefillre"Uefi.
    3aeucrar\aocrb(5-25) IlolKHo repenHcarb B 6o,nee o6urenr BHAe:
    Enc, * u" d q (Era, * u,) + crb* (5-26)
    rAe br: lbt, - YAerbHafl foAoBafl 3KoHor\4HrronJrHBa B cHcrer\,re B KaJrorpar\4-
    Ivlax Ha | rcsm Aono"Ilirnle.unuofrycraHoB/reHHor?MorrlHocrg fAC.
    B pacqerax AoJI>I(HorpI{III4N{arbcEH3MeHeHHe3arpar no fAC H KOC flo
    Han6onee BbIToAIIoMVBapI{aHTy yBerHqeHvrfl HX ycraHoB.teuuofi r,{oulHocrr,r.
    il,ns rHApocraHIrHII B orAeJIbHbIXcflvrra.ax Mo>Ker oKa3arbcfl sau6o.nee ueJre-
    qpIcJIa-
    coo6pasHbll\{yBe./'IHrIeHHe arpefaroe 6eg pI3MeHeHHfl,
    Hx [,IolrlHocr]I, a B Apy-
    |Hx cflyr{aflX - YBertIlqeHHeMOUIHOCTH arperaTOB npH Hei43MeHHOX{ UX TIHCJIg.
    Vse,ryHqeHHeycraHoBreHnofi NroulHocru HH3KoHa[opHbrx f3C AJrn itoKpbrrgt
    IIHKOBHafpy3KI'I xlolKer roBJleqb 3a co6ofi cHHX{eHHepacno/IaraeMori rrO nanopy
    MoulHocrr{ ocrarrbHbrx arperaroB AaHuofi rHApocraHrIHH (.*. $ G-g) Ans
    coxpaHeHHfl pacnoJlaraeuoti MouIHocrH arperaroB ria npe)KHeMypoBHe npeAy-
    cNIaTpLIBaror yBelplqeHt{eAHaMeTpaBCeXryp6uu. B raxHx Cnyqafl,x B cTogr\{ocTb
    AOnO/IHHTe"IIbHOfO KH.iiOBarTa QU KpOI\re CTOHMOCTH AOnOiiHLITeJIbHO|O afpefaTa,
    3AaHHn f3C, nunsfr sreKTponepeAaqu, BKrloqaror errre cror.irvrocrbvBe,Tr{r{eHr{rl
    a Bcex ri'p6nu rHApocraHuur{. Ha AepHBar{HoHHbrxfOC B crotiil{ocrb
    AHat\,{erp
    AonoJIHHTe,tibHoroKI{"IIoBarra BKrroqaercfl crol4r\,{ocrb o6opy4oBaHIrfi, 3AaHLifl
    fAC, rpy6onpoBoAoB, pacrlnpeHrdfl ceqeHraflAepHBauHH,pacrrrupe-
    _typ6..nHHbIX
    HHtr 6accefina c,vrorrHoro pefyJrHpoBaHr.rflH T. n.
    Ann 3aMeHfleHtcfiK3C Ile3aBHcHMo or BernrruHbr npr.rpauIeHHfl MoirlHocrr.r
    fAC Ao;I>KHaolpeAeilflTbcfl crouMocrb nonoJrHuTeJrbHoro- l'rcem npu ycraHoBKe
    KpynHblx coBpeMeHHbIxryp6oarperaroB, uau6onee sKoHoMHrrHbrxAJrflAaHHoro
    pafioua.
    B xoHxperHblx ycJIoBHnx npoeKTupoBaHHflMolKer HMerb Mecro oAr.{HH3 Tpex
    THni'lqHHX cryr{aeB o6ocHoeaHVfl ycraHoBneuuofi MoulHocTH I-3C nc VcJroBr{flr\,1
    BbroAHocru ycraHoBKHua Hefi: l) ce3oH-
    uofi ly6fiHpyroutef,rvtouluocra;2) o6ecne-
    ,IeHHofi r\{orrlHocruH 3) penroHrHorope-
    3epBa MoulHocTlr.
    5 . 0 6 o e r o s a H H ye c r a r N o B KH
    Ha f g G
    ces0ilH0f,ef6ntpy!{ll4eil Moul,HocrH
    Ecnu AonoJIHHTeJrbHar.-l r\rorrrHocru f3C
    He IIo3BO,'IfleT
    yMeHbIUI{TbVCTaHOBJTeHHyTO
    MoulHocrb Ap yrHX eJreKrpocranquft cH-
    crelubl, ro g -_ LN.,/ LNr -: 0. VcraHoBKa
    Ha f3C taxofi ruourHocru Mox{er 6trrr
    o6ocHoeaHa exonoiuneft Tcrr/rzBa B aHep-
    rocucreMe" LIe 3aBHcHMocrH(5-25) rrpH
    Puc. 5-4.Onpe4eaeHne
    ycraHoeneHHofi
    Mout- q - 0 nonyuaeM:
    Hocru fOC no rpa$uxy npoAorrxureJrb-
    Hocru 3aperyJruponaHuoif
    cpeAHecyrocHofi 3,.
    MOUIHOCTH
    s.p t
    (5-27)

    Tax KaK pa3Hr{r{aB nrrpa6orxe aHeprHH no cpaBHuBaeMbrrvr aJreKTpocraH-


    ul'lrM HeBeJIHKa, To 6es 6onrruor? [ofpeu]Hocra Mox{HOnpHHHMarbq, - 1,0,
    1Io_u 6ttno cAerlaHonpu BbIBoAeSopnryn'* (5-27). CesonHaflBbrpa6orxa oHepfHH
    f'3C nosBoJlfleryMeHbIxtITbBblpa6oi*y sHeprrrr{H pacxoA TonJrr{BaHa Har{MeHee
    ll0
    3I(oHolvlHrIHbIxK3C. Ec"nlt r4x yAenrHrrfi. pacxoA TonJrHBa o6osuaqlrrt qepe3
    b : b"rTo sp.,: b"cp. VIs Qopuy,rrr (5-27) MolKHo no,rryqu'rbMHHHI\{aJrbHc neo6-
    xonHMoe qHcJIo qacoB Hcno/tb3oBaHHfll. noc.ne.4HefoKu,rloBarra ycraHot3neHHofi
    MolrlHocrrafOC I'IJIHefo cpeAuroro ronoByro Bbrpa6orxy sHeprH143a MHoro,ryeruufi,
    nepl{oA. Ecnn f3C p a6oraer c np aKTl{qecKHnocroflHHbrrurrancpoil,r,To or.iro}KHB
    noflyrleHHytoBeJIHqHHyt, ua rpa$HKe npo{oJl)KHreJlb}rocrr4 r,roulHocraBoAoroKa,
    nocrpoeliHoro no naHHbII\,l3a MHoroJrernui,tnepHoA, Moi6go orrp€[€,,-rHTboKoHo-
    r'rHqecKHo6ocHoeaqHylo ycraHoBJreHHyroil,rorrlHocrb f3C 1V. (b". - S-4). nro-
    ulaAb_ rpaQuNa 012340 B coorBercrBytou{eN{naacura6e paeHa^ cpeAHeforoeori
    Bbrpa6orxe eHepfr{H f3C sa MHofoJrernufi neprzoA3. npu ycraHoeJreuHoririour-
    Hocru 1/".
    Maxcznqanaubriapac);o4 ryp6liHbl ri -4_oglHocrbafperaroB \,rofyr clulecrBeHrro
    H3N'IeHtlTbc-fl
    B 3aBHCI'II\'1OCTI4
    oT Halopa fOC. I-loerouy rtp n \onb,LUHXxo,rye6aHr.rflx
    Hanopa npHN{€Hrercr o6ulrafi N'IeroABapHaHToB. 3aAaeascu Hecr{o.rrbKHr\,rr{ Ba-
    pHaHTaMHnOCJIeAOBaTe/rbHOrO yBe"rlI'II{eHHfl
    MOUIHOCTUf3C, [{O)KHOAJI1 Ka>r<.{OrO
    nplrpaqeHr4f AN. onpeAeJr.HTb yBeflHrreHqeBbrpa6orxvt aHeprr4g L}r, noICqH-
    TaJb npl{paueHl'Ifl 3arpar A3" H A3'. u ro ycJIoBHro npaKrr{qecKofo paneHcrBa
    43. - A3, onpeAeJII{Tb o[THMa,'ibrryrc ycraHoB,'reHH\/ror\{oulHocTb fAC.

    B . 0 S o e i t o e a H H ey c r a H 0 B n e l i H 0 i lM 0 r q H 0 c r t {f 0 C n 0 e e o G e c n e q e H H b i i
    M0t4HocTH
    Ec"riu B sHeprocHcrel,{eHe rpe6yercn pelroHrutift pe3epB, To ilpH Ha.rrilir,iH
    foAHr{Horo Lr cyroqHofo peryJlupoBarinr nu6op }icraHoB,,t€gHofiNrou{Hocri.rfgc
    npoH3Bo/.]/-Tcflno ee o6ecneqesscli I\{ouIHocrH. O6ecneqeHHafl MouIHocrb f 3C
    N{o}KeT3aN{eHflTbB SHepfeTHrlecxoiYr cacTel\{eMoulHocrb KoHneHcatIr4oHHbIx 3JreK-
    TpocraHlrr4fi B nepHoA npoxo)KAeHl{fl foAoBoro MaKctrMyr\4a HarpysKr{ cucTerrbr
    H e firc6ofr apyror:r aHepreruqecxu HanpsxesHrrft nepHoA pacrrerrroio MaJroBor-
    Horo roAa. Kax noKa3aHo B $ 5-2-5-3, trpH o6eineqeuHofi cpeAHecyrouHofi
    r{ouIHocTH fAC ^rVoee BblTecHflIoulaf uoulrlocir ly'". o paBHa cyMMe o6ecneqeu-
    nofi nltxoeofi MouIHocrH ly'*.o
    - _H pe3epBy ffp. rec. Vnenzq.nra ycraHoBneuuofi
    MoulHocru f3C B npeAeJlaxAo ly'u.o noeeorser yMeHbuHTb ycraHoB/reHHyroarou-
    HocTb KoHAeHCaIIHOHHbIX 3Jrer(rpocrauqgri c xoeQQurIHeHToM 3ar\{eHbr q -
    : L N r / A , N r - l , l 0 - 1 , 1 5 ..
    Crouuocrl AonoJIHHTe.rIbHoror{HJroBarra MouIHocrH fOC ar 3HaqHTe,,TbHo
    I\'IeHbue' qeM AJrr K3C: Q, {a_r. VAe,rytHrte e>KefoAHbrer4BAeplr{KHf3C B He-
    cKoJIbKopa3 MeHbIUe,qeM Arrr I(3C. flosro1ry B Tex cnyqaflx, KorAa Kangra.ro-
    BJIo>KeHHflno AonoJlHureanuofi NrorrlHocrg f3C u KOC npo63Bo
    Aflrcn B oAHo
    H To )Ke Bpeluff' JIeBafl qacrb Qopn,rv,urr(5-25) oKasblBaeTcflr\,{eHbrueee npanofi
    r{acru. OrcrcAa cJreAyer; t{To ycraHoBJreHH}rroMorrlHocrb
    fAC BbrroAHo yBeJrr{_
    qHBaTb AO npeAeJlbHoro sHarreHuff BblTecHflrorqefi
    MotqHocTH ff. : y'y'u.
    o. Ho
    o6ecneqeHHaflnHKoBafl MoIIIHocrb, a c,[eAoBareJlbHo,H BbrrecHflIol{aq MouHocrb
    fOC 3aBI{cflT or Be.,THsHHbI aJleKTponorpe6neHafl, ToqHee or Be.rHrrHHbInH KoB
    Harpy3KH' KOTopbiec TerIeHHeN'I Bpeh{eHlaHe[pepblBHo Bo3pacTatOT.llOerolry
    noflBJIfleTCfl3a!\aqa oilpeAeJreHHflnepcneKTr.rBHofor(aJreHAapHorofoAa, ilo [pa-
    Suxy Hafpy3KI{ Igloporo Heo6xoAnntoonpeAe,rrHrbBbrrecHffror{yroH ycraHoBieH-
    HyIo IvloIIIHocrbf3C. Stor nepcneKrLreHrifi foA Mox{er Ha tr5-20 ner orcroflrb
    or roAa nycKa B ar(curyarar{uro nepBbrx af peraroB fOC. Ha sro BpeMfl 6yly,r
    oMeprBJIeHbITe I{aIrHTaJIoBJIo)KeHHfl,, Koropbre Heo6xoAHMo cAeJrarb 2.JrflToro,
    qro6u qepes 15-20 Jrer ycraHoBzrb Ha rHAp_o_craHrIHH
    ^f3C ee noc/reAHue arprerarbr.
    B raxux cfiyrlaflx B 3aBHcHMocrH(5-25) .4Jrr naAo npeAcraBJrrrb npgBe.reH-
    Hbie KanHTaJIoBJIox{eHHfl ar H npHBeAeHHbIee}KeronFlbleHgAepX{KHLtr.
    Paccuorplrl\ir c'rryuaft ycraHoBKH arperaroB f3C B ABe oqepeAr4.'[paAno,{o-
    x(HM, qTO B nepHOACTpOHTeJrbcTBa fHApO_y3JIa BbInOJTHflIOTCfl
    rHApoTexHHr{ecKHe
    pa6orrr no noABoAuofi qacrll srattfr fOC H Apyrue crpogreJrbHbre pa6orrr
    4na
    trocJleAHefo afperara, H npoH3BOAflTCfl KanHTaJToBJIOX{e HHn A' , pgO/ttem. ,[o-
    nycrHM' rITo noc"ueAuufi afperar 6yaer_H3roroBJreHr.r cMoHTHpoBaHrrepe3
    x Jrer
    rocJle BbIIIoJIHeHHflcrpol{reJlbHblx pa6or. CrounaocTb ofiopyfuOnaHun
    c h{cHTa-
    rlI
    >KoMB UeHaX nepHOAacTpor:rTeJrbCTBa
    rr4Apoyg/ra 0603Haqul{ qepg3
    flonHas cror,Mocrb Aono/rH,Te/rbHoro a,,, pgd/KBm.
    I rcem Mor.uHocrr{
    Qr: A' * A'
    (5-28)
    u coorBeTCTByroHIreelKefoAHbre r43.qeplr{KH:
    ilr : u' -l u".
    (5-2e)
    IIp, npHBeAeHr{H
    sarpar r( pacqerHoMy repcneKTHBHoMy
    Hefo arpefara IIpHBeAeHHaffcroHMOCTb ro.4YnycKa nocJreA-
    AOIIOJrHHTe/rbHO|OKH/roBarra 6ya,en
    Qr : a' (l + E")' * a".
    (5-30)
    Cor,nacHo ypaBHeHriro (S-l S) npHBeAeFrHbre
    Exiero4ulre ri3Aep>r{KI4 r\ro)^KHO
    CtIATaTb paBHbIA/rH:

    ttr - u' (l + E,)' * u".


    (5-31)
    EcnH n'JrflsaMeHff€i\IofiK3c npIIHflTb
    BbInoJIHeHr{e
    crpor4Te,rrbHbrx
    r,rMoHTa}i{-
    Hbrx pa6or rto nocreAHer{y aroerary B
    TeqeHHeoAnoro fo,4a, npeAruecrByroqero
    p acqerHoMy nepcneKTHBHoMyroAy,
    To Mox(Ho crlr4Tarb:
    drNa,
    u ilr:LIr"
    B pesy/rbrare 3aBr4c'i\,rocrr-,
    (s-zs) Nro>KHonepen'carb B BHA.:

    (E,a'* u')(l + E")" * Ena" * u,,Ne(Enar* ur)*,pso.rr., (s_321


    a 3aBrdcr{i\{ocrb(5-26) _ B BHAe:

    (E^a' * u') (l + Er)* * Ena" u " N p ( E n a *, , r ) * c ; , b r ,


    I (s-83)
    B pacqerax orpal-IHrll4Balorcfl npu6nnlKeFrHbrM
    norol\{y tlro sKoHo^{lirlHocrbycraHoBKa pacr{erol,r3riorroMr,r
    Lr rotrJr*Ba,
    Ha foc doiia.""ro'Ieli nr{xoeofi r\,rour-
    HocTI4o[peAeJrflercflB ocHoBHoM sKoHouaefitutp*--np" yNrer{bsreHHr4
    vcraHoB-

    Pr'rc' 5-5' onpeAeJIeHHe


    MaKc,Marlrnofin'xoeofi MouIHocTH
    npoeKTlrpyenrorl
    fOC
    Ha pa3HbrxypoBHsx oJreKTponorpe6.ueuufl
    I

    -l - npoexrHpyeMa, ree; 2:_:_C}/{€GrByOrque fOC

    neuuori MorrlFrocrn
    renJroBbrxg/rer(Tpocr
    BACMbIX CI4CTCMAX W B CHCTCMAX
    C He3]
    MaJroaKoHoMHqHbrx KOC oKoHoruaflTon/I
    HoMy pacxony :
    _!
    HoBoKH r. ry. flp, ,b, HoBbrxe/reKrpo(
    6o,rnruoMyAeJrbHoMI
    SHepfocHcreMeonpeAeJlflercff'c yqeroM usMeHeHHfl
    -Hx pex(r{Mapa6oru.
    lt2
    'rlesan qacrb Q3Rrury,tr
    (5-32) 14(5-33) npeAcraB/rnercodoftnprrBeAeHHbre
    pac-
    rlerHble 3aTparbl 3f Ha OAI4H
    AonoJ[HHrenruut? KLIJIoBaTTycTapoBneHuoft Mo[I-
    FIocrI4 fOC, a npaBafl qacTb - sKoHoMHIOcooTBeTCTBytouIHX
    3aTpat ,, no t*-
    JIOBbIM sJICI{TPOCTAHIIHflI\,I CHCTCN,IbI, qTO
    MOX{HO SANHCATb B BIAAC PABCHCTBA:

    i, oi". (5-t 86)


    PaccnaorpHl\,r nocJleAoBare,rrbHocrb-pacrreroB. fionycrulr, ,ITo A,,rs HecKoJrbKHxrrepcneKTaBHbrx
    ner' HanpHMep : 1980 r., f z: l9B5 r. u fr: 1 " 9 9 0r . ' , , " . 6 r . "
    {, r p a c f r r r x un n r r , . " n r u r h u o r o n o
    Irarpy3Ke ilus' ilnn KalK/Ioro lis nepcneKrItBtIbIXrer no o6ecneqeuuofi
    cp64HaayrourroiirnroulHoc-rra
    ;V..,MoTrtHoy:jHa'rb o6ecleqesHyro nr,rpa6orxy orreprr{H Jo : No.Z+ r{, rrod,rb3yrcbaHa,[H3t4pyFoureii
    xprHeori-,_onpeAeJrHTr o6ecneqeHHyronHKoByrc Mour_
    r r o c r b N n n . o .{ . n r c n y u a n H e o f p a H H q e H H o r oc y r o q _
    I r o f c p e r y r H p o B a H z q H a p u c . 5 - 5 n o K a 3 a H oo t t o e -
    Ie"rlerHe nlrxosofi ruorriHocra lV".o npn Hailnqun
    n 3HeprocHCTeMeAp yrux fOC, qacrb Monr.Hocru
    KOTOpbIXHCnOrb3yeTcq B nHKe, a qacTb Ao"rtlKHa
    pa6orarr e 6astrce. no6aenss K BeJTHqHHaM Nrnr.o
    pe3epB Np. fOC, xoroprril [e.necoo6pa3Ho ycraHo-

    ,rrer .r : .f - fo6ylyr oMeprBJreHbrKarir.rraJroBJro-


    rieHHq a.' urer 6onnure 6yayr npr.jBeAeHHbre pac-
    qeTHbre 3aTpaTbr3r rro AonoJrHHTeJrbr{oMy
    KtrJIo_
    narry ycranoBJressoft NrorrlHocrn fAC. llpe4rrono_
    >rir.rM,r{To crpoHTefibHbre paSorsr 4na fioc.rreAHero
    arperara f3C rrpoH3BoAflrcflB rol f: lgTb r. a
    4ry2 paccMarpaBaerlroro npuMepa x1 : lgB0 -
    1975: 5 rrer, xz:1985 - lgTS: l0 rrer u
    13 : 1990 - 1975- 15 ner. flo4cuarnBaeM BeJrH-
    -,
    qHHbI 3f H HaHeceM Ha rpaQzx (puc' 5-6)' r{el'r
    Puc. 5-G. onpe4enesne o6ecneqeusofi ycra-
    6o.uurue y_craHoBJreHHaq rlrorrlHocrb fOC, TeM MeHb- HoeaeHHor:rvroUnocrn fOC
    rue nsrpa6oTKa gHeprr{H HtrrH rIHcJro qacoB rrc[oJrb-
    3oBaHHfl It ee uoc.IleAHero KI'IJIoBarra. CoorsercrBeHuo 6y4er cuHlKarbcrr yAeJIbHaq
    oKoHoMr{rr Ha
    B 3HeprocscreMe' Benuuuuu-an nii uaHeceHtilHa pHc.5-6. Toq:ra
    l:n1|tt nepeceqeufiq KpHBhrx
    3rHssorlpeAeJIHTpacqerHufi xaneH4apulrr?roA H BerHqHHy ycraHoBJreHsofi
    MoulHocrr4fACl.B Hacro-
    tuee Bpeil{ff pazpa1arblBalorcff MeroAbI coBMecruoro snr6opa pacr{erHofi o6ecneqeHHocrH
    pp, pe3epBa
    Np.rgC Lt ycraHotsJreuHofi MorrlHocru fAC y'y'r.

    r . 0 6 o c r 0 B a n u ey G r a H o B K H a r g c p e m o H r m o r po e s e p B a
    ilt0ulHoeTH 0Hepr0cHGTeMbl

    I sHeprocHcreMaxc He6oebLUHM cesoHHbrMculr)KeHuer\4


    Harpy3KH o6uquo
    Heo6xOAHMpei\4oHrHbIIipesepB MoItl,Hocrn.B KarrecrBepeMoHrHoro pesepBa
    MO>Ker6trrl HcrroJrb3oBaHace3oHHafl r4IrH rrHKoBafl MOTTIHOCTb rHApocraHul,rH.
    B taxHx cryqaflx BbITecHfleMafl l\{oulHocrbr(oHAeHcarluoHHbrx gJreKTpocragrlHfi^l1/n
    onpeAeJlfleTcf no cpeAHefoAoBofiltoulHocru l3C, noJIe3Hor{cloJrb3yeMofi B euep-
    rocHcreN,reB pacqerHbrrl MaJroBoAHhrr? roA aJrfl noKpbrrHff Harpy3KH (6asucHoft
    krlrw fiHKonofi) ra.rra B KaqecrBe p*epBa. flp" "Aff, I
    sroM uoflyrr:HM Affrq,.
    KoaQSHrIHeHr BbrrecHeHHfl MoulHocrrz

    e ': r p+ : ( 1 , -1 01 , 1+5*)+ , (5.34)


    rAe te - qHcfio MecfueB pa6orbl ce3oHHofi nroUgocrg fOC. Bo ece1docraJrbHoM
    coxpaHrercfl MeroAHKa, H3Jro)KeHHaflBbrrue,B n. B Hacroflulero napafpa$a.
    t flpto eor6opeo6opyloe alus,
    npuHl{Maercs6ruxafturuft HoMeHKrrarypugftAHaMerpryp6un,
    t{ToMox{ernoBJleqs.saco6ofi yBeflur{eH}Ie
    ycTaHogreHHofiMorrluocruf$C H^aAly'r, KBm u yBefiHqe-
    -i+
    HHe Ha Aff" : qA{., KBm Bbrrecsseuoft MoIIIHocrr.ITenJroBoftsrexrpocraHun" .oA f i+ A
    (puc. 5-6), o rreM6o.neeno4po6uo cKa3anon $ O-4. "
    ll3
    5-6.Bbt60pyGTAH0BJIEHH0R
    MoulH0cTH oAHoBPEMEHHo
    nn|
    n0crrEAoBATEJIbH0
    GTp0ft4ltxcf rilAposlEKTPOCrnnqnf,
    B xpynullx sHeprocHcret{axonHoBpeMeHHo uJtH noc'IenoBareJlbHo Moryr crpo'Tbcc HecKorbKo
    rHrpo3nexrpocrauunli' Hanpurvrep,n o6tennHessofi.".t.*. (Lr"pun"roiu CiF;"pu c He6onbru'M
    c'[Brffor]IBo BpeMeHH crpcl{JjlicbEparcxaa f3C Ha p, AHlape nrouruocruo4,5
    spcKafl f3C na p. EnraceeMorlHocirrc 6 MJrH.,ro^, vcro-Hr',r".*ag MrH rcem,\pacuo-
    IOG Hr-p. a'".rpe Morrl'ocrbro
    4,3 uru. Kam H CasHo-[IlyrrreHcKar f3C na p. E"r..";"",;;;;;;"6,4;;;.';;.
    pofixt'tHa3BaHHblx rHApocra]Huuft ilo na,aana nocr-
    B cucreMeyxe-pa6orrnnlr"..- no.tpouHHbreHpxyrcxas
    p' AHrape MourHocrrro660 rbtc. KBmu HoBocn6irpcxari*-;;p. fOC Ha
    PaccuorpHM cncreMy, rli\{ercu{yrc6o.quuoe ce3oHHoecHH}KeH
    o6u MourHocrbro 400 .rbtc.Kam.
    per{oHTHoro pe3epBaMorrlnocru.flonycruM, qro aJaAaHbr nHHaNrgKa
    P O C T A I V I A K C H M Y M AH A T P Y 3 K H C H C T C M b IH I , I M E I O T C gH C O 6 X O N H I U b I C
    D,nn pazubrxypoBHer?a"rexrponorpe6.neur.rfl,HattplrMepl;rr l{
    AeJIHTb cyMMapHyro nHKoBvrovo[rHocrr fOC BerruuirHa
    )rv".o.
    ttoti o6ecne'IeHFIofi
    cyrouuor?estpa6orxeoHeprHH
    II{HX'crpottilHxct H npoeKTHpyeMblx'
    )a": I No-24BcexfuApocrasr.sficyr]LrecrByro-
    KoropbleHa AaHHort}/poBHe6y4yr coBluecrHo pa6orarb B cH-
    creMe' Ecar Bce rHApocraHuHH HMeIorBo3MoxHocrbnpoBoaiurlHeofpaHHqeHHoe
    poBaHIle'To noJIb3yfl'cbaHaJIu3Hpylouefixpueofi coorBercrBylourero cvrorrHcepery/rr4-
    cyrorrHororpa6,axu ru*ani*'ur.
    Hofo AHfl' Mo>KHo no BerHtIIru:
    )3o olpeAeJIHTbBerHtILrHy )tr*. o aHaJrornqHo ToMy,KaK3To noKa-
    saHoHa pllc' 5-5' onpeneJleHlie cyr'tN{apHofi
    nuxosofi rrourHocru lu*.o rpe6yer 6oree rurareribHbrx
    f
    pacqeroBB rex cJlysatx' Korna ltMelorcflorpaHHqenua:l) no perynnpoBaHHro
    croKa; 2) no nponycK-
    Hofi cnoco6socut nuuufr nepeAar{H.Oanaxb Bo Bcex cryqaflx c ror?
    u.;ru uHofi creneHbrorcr{Hocrlr
    MolKHo orlpeAeJII{Tb
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    nHxosofiMourHocru f3C IN*.o.,&o6aeHe K nHKoEorl lroq-
    HocrI'J.I'V".o qacrb pe3epBoBcl{creMbl
    ),to.pgi, Koropyrc ueJrecoo6paeuo pa3igecrgrbHa fAC.
    norryqHr\rcyr\{MapHyroBbrrecHeroutyro MoulHocrb _
    Erv". o )ilr. o * )Na. aua.
    fIOC'rrC BbIIIHTAHHfl BbITCCHflIOUCfi .I,TOUHOCTHCYUIECTB}'IO'IIHX
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    > /V B . H :1ru" qro qeMt sbir r e
    ypoBeHb3JIeKTpoIIorpe6'neHHs' TeM6o.luruenIlK Harp\'3KHa" reu 6o.nbrge BeJrHqHHbr nuxonofirrolu-
    rrocru
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    )n". o ,, ;nr" H
    flpu orcyrcrB'H KoMneHcI{pyrcruero peryJrHpoBaHHfl Mox(HonpHHHMarbycraHoB"[eHHvro Morrl-
    Hocrb npoeKTl'fpyeMblx fOC panHofi ux BblrecHqlouerirrrontHccrrl
    Inrr.r. np, HanHrrHB xonrneHbil-
    pypuero peryJlHpoBaHHfl 'xoBoJIbHo qacro ycraHoBJIeHHyIo rrroutuocrrorAe.rrbHbrx f3C npHxoAHTc,
    Ha3Haqarr6onrure BbrrecHflrourefi uoulHocru. B erou qrryqaeonpeAeJrenue
    lNr.n AoJrxHonpou3-
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    KoMneHcHPYrcurero peryJlHpoBaHufl. flo.[v'{eHHvloTaKHlro6pasoru BeJrHqr{HycyMMapHofi ycrauon"reH-
    Hofi MoIuHocrHnpoeKTHpyeMblx foc Heo6xolnrr,ro Han6oneegKoHoMHrrHo-pacnpeAeJrHTb
    orneJlbHblMn rHApocraHuHflMH. MexAv
    MoulHocrbarperarotsoTreJrbHbrx fAC oOriu"o"nlrliuuarc, HeonHHa-
    xonofi. Xono.usurennHnriKHrIoBarrycraHoBnesHori
    nupa6orxy 3HeprItH t, u, uteloBareJlbHo, pasHyro"o,u"o.t;;;^;;";;"*fui;;+ o6rrquo pa3Hvro
    oKoHoMHro ronJrr.rBaB cHcreM":"fi;;;fl;1tp;
    cpaBHeHl'laf3c uenecoo6pa3'o noJlb3oBarbceBeflHrrHHaMH
    oTHoc,TeJrb'oronp'pocra y,qe.rrbHbrx
    co[ocraBHMbIX 3arpar E. KoropblepaBHbryreJrbHbrM rrpHBeAeHHbrM sarparaMsi, uo f3C, [oAcraH*HH
    U JII4HUU 3JICKTPONCPCAAq 3A BbITICTOM 9KOHOMHH HA TOIIJIHBE:

    e: (E"a' * u') (1 + E")* * E, ao + sn - cpbr. (5-35)

    Be'nH'II'lHa e noActlllrblBaeTct,IJIfl Ka]KAofifoc AJrflHecKoJrbKHx sHaqeHufiee ycraHoenenuofiMoiu-


    Hoc r Hfi a p a c q e rH b l xy p o B H s x , H a npH Mep,l g80, l g90 a 2000
    'I'cro rr.
    i rler' na xoropoe oMeprB,rrflrorcr KanHrarroBrrolKeH'
    fl.a' Bcrpor4renb-
    "rro"X".tTl$:tots
    o-5-"1c].r.'.
    Koropaq MoxeT saMeHHT b cooTBercTByro_
    lI1, ro r 6yaer paBHo r{HcJy Jrer or 3aBeprxeHus
    c^- Ao ero MoHraxa. ,Ihs scex f3C npuie4euue
    lgroMy Anr pa3Hbrxrr{ApocraHuufirrucfleHHoe 3Ha_
    ,cr{ereconocraBHMbrx
    3arpar AJr, f3c nrrqHTaercs

    BBecrHB or(cnJryararlntornApoarperar fOC. B g:


    corocraBuMbrx3arpar r no KOC 6y4er paBeHorr
    exeroAHbrx H3Aepx{eKno Tonrr,rBy

    EK-g(Enar* ur), (5.36)


    rt4
    veeflHqeHHe ycraHon.neuuofi MotuHocrlt f3C aonxHo npor.r3BoAr{rbcrr
    B nepByro oqepeAb Ha
    f3C, uuercueli MHHHMaJIbHyIo Be,THr{HHy
    t, H AaJIeeno yc.rronuro paBeHcrBa orHocHTe,:IbHbrx
    pocroB e HJru paBeHcrBa cpoKoB or{ynaeMocru T: npH-
    Tn npu coilocraBreHHHtlnpocrauuuftMex{.4y
    co6ofi.
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    riHq MoxIHocrH f3C e sHepfocucreMe; ycJIoBHIo HerpeBbnueHHfl orHocgreJrbHoro npilpocra
    3)^lo
    conocraBr,rMbrxBarpiJ no 3ar4€Hsroqefi KOC. Eolee no4po6rio o nn6ope ycraHoBrreuuofi
    rrdurirocr,.l
    r p y r r n b rf 3 C ' c n a . 1 4 , c . 1 5 9 - 1 6 4 1 .
    Onpe4enuBycraHoBJIeHHyIo l\IoudHocrbxax4ofi f3C s pacilpe4eJruBpesepe
    rLUlpocraHuHtMI'I, >Np. p3g Me)KA!
    y3HaeMnHKoByr.o ruoulHocrbxaxAofi f3C NM.o. flo BeJrr.rqriHe
    Ai;;.. s o6ecneqen-
    uoil cvroquor:rn_lrpa6orxe?HeprHH9o.Mo>xno nps noMou{HarraJrr.rsHpyroulerl *p"ilo;t onpeAeJrprrb
    r\{ecror<axAorlf3C ua cyrorrHoMrpacpHxeuarpysxu 3HepfocHcreMbr.

    t o u l H o c i l 4H g H E p f H r 4C H C T E M b I
    5 - 7 . r 0 E 0 B b t ES A f i A t t C b M

    D,ns gKcfi/IyarupyeMblx gHeprocl{creM roAoBbre 6anaucur r'rorqHocrH H s Hep-


    rI{H cTpoflTcfl A.Ilfl BbIflcHeHHflyCJIOBHT?
    a,neXrpocHa6xeHnfl B [peAcToflrileM rOA:/,
    Bo3Mox{Hocrl4 npHcoeAlIHeHHfl HoBbIx norpe6HTeJrer?,onpeAe/reHHr rpa+HKa
    o6naeHa ivlourHocrbto co cr{eN<HbIM14 cucre[,raMu, onpeAeJreriHq neo6xoarinoro
    KoJIHqecrBarorJIHBa 14 cocTaBJIeHHflnpaQHKa BbIBOAaarperaToB B peMOHT.
    B ycJIoBHflx 3KCIIrTyaraLlHV6anaHcsl crpoflTcfl \irn perJrar\4eHTr.rpoBaHHon? o6ec-
    neqeHuocru pacxoAa BoAbr 50-75%.
    flplr npoel(TupoBaHI4Hf3C rcnoBbre 6a,riaucu cr{creMbr crpoflTcr Anfl npo-
    Bep_KtiEbr6paHHbrx rapax{erpoB rtiApocraHuuu [r AJrfl BbrrcHeHi.rfl
    .vcJroBnfi ee
    pa6ori,r B 3Heproct{creMe B xapaKTepHbIe no BoAHocrH ronbl. VcrauoB,rieHHafl
    N{oulHocrbMliornx f3C nlr6npaercfl H npoBepflercfl tlo pacqerHol{y Nra/roBoAHoMy
    roAY, qro lrpeAonpeAe/Ifler o6neareJlbHocrb nocrpoeHHfl 6anau,ca cHCTeN,rhr AJifl
    3TOfO fO,U.a.
    Pacqersttfi I\la.rIoBoAHbIfiroA AoJr>KeHrdrrerb o6ecneqeHHocrb p, no n{ex{eH-
    I9{y H ilaBoAoriHol\{ycroK}I, otrl-leAerlfletvryrc
    ilo Sopruyne (.5-11. il,nn KpynHbrx
    fAC cocraB.rlflIor raKlKe 6anauc MorrlHocru B yc/roBaflx cpeAHeBoAHoro r.oAa
    c o6ecneqeHHocrbroruex{eHHeroH naBoAo'-rHorocroKa oKoJro S0%. nns Kpyn-
    Hblx fOC uHorAa crpoflrcfl raK)"r{e 6anasclr cucreMbr: 1) Anfl xapaKrepHoro
    I\'IHO|OBOAHO|OrOAa B Ueilblo BbIflcHeHI4fl BO3I\,IOIKHOCTH HCiIO,'Ib3OBaHHflSHeprHI4
    fAC, ottpeAe/IeHHfl MaKcI4MaJrbHbix ncroKoB MogdHocrg w aHeprHH no JTHHHRM
    rlepeAaqH u n\Jrfl BbIffcHeHHff yc/tosuft, pa6otsl f3C B nepr4oA 6o.rrtrugx naBoAKoB;
    2) AJrfl Kilarise r'ra,rroBoAHoro roAa; xoroprrfi HHofAa Ha3brBarcr KaracrpoduuecKil
    MaJIOBOAHbIMrOAOtt't'c Ue.4bto BbIflcHeHHfi CTeneHIt
    )/AOBJIeTBOpeHHfl1OTpe6HCCTH
    B sHeprlrr4 3a cqer ttqo6unu3arr]atl pe3epBoB sHepfocHcTeMbr.

    A , E a n a n cM o l r l n o c T l r
    I4cxoAHbIMHAJIfl nocrpoeHut 6anaHca MoutHocrl fl.BnrmorcflroAoBbrerpa+HKH:
    l) MecflqHbIXr4aKcl{t'tyMoBHafpy3KH cucreMbl, BKrroqafl florepl{ B cerflx ra pac-
    xo{. 3HeprHH Ha co6creeHHble Hv)KnbI oJreKrpocrasqufi (pHc. 5-7 , xpuear 1)
    H 2) \rcraHoBneHHoti MourHocru
    _aJreKTpocraHrruficucreMbr H BBoAa B gKcnJrya-
    Taql{rc HcBbIX arperaroB (puc. 5-7, xpunan 6). Mouuocrb, BBoAHMvroB caMoM
    KOHrrefoAa, e 6anauce sToro roAa o6tr.rHo He yqHTbrBarcT.
    fpa$Hx MaKCHMyMaHarpy3Krl o6uqHo crpor{rcff c yqe,roNrnpHcoeAHHeHHfl
    B reqeHHe roAa HcBbIX norpe6urenefi oHeprrzu. lloaronry MaKcHMyruHarpy3KH
    cHcTel\{blB KoHUe roAa oKa3blBaeTcff6o,uilue, qeM B HaqaJre roAa. K op4ranarann
    xpunor? I _ lo6aeJlrercs BeilHrrHHa Heo6xoAprMoro LJrfl cr.rc,reMbrHarpysorrHoro
    -npeAcran-
    pe3epBa (xpuear 2) H aeapufiuoro pe3epBa ffu,
    -N.0." uu. Kp HBafl 3
    Jlser co6ofi Heo6xoAHM)'Io,I.JrncucreMbl pacnoJlaraeMyro MorrlHocrb aJreKTpocraH-
    qlir?.
    llp" cocraBJreHr{H 6anauca MorrlHocrH yrruTbrBaercfl cH HxeHHe pacnoJra-
    raeMol?MotrlHocru:1) fAC - us-sa 6o.urruorocuuxeHr{fl Hanopa;'2) TOU
    Typ6HHauv - H3-3a cHu}KeHHflTe[JroBbrxHarpygoK;
    c nporHBoAaBfleHqecKI{MI4
    3) KOC * BCJIeAcTBHeyxyAlxeHufl BaKyyMa r.r3-3aHeAocrarKa BoAbr rtrfl KoH-
    AeHcaropoBB Ma/IoBoAHbIece3oHEIroAa, B x(apKne Mecflrlhl I{ T. A. Ornoxprs
    .115
    II

    cHHx{eHHepacnoJraraeMofi A{oIrlHocTH3JreKTpocraHUHH
    qaer't JIHHHTo5 cyMMapHofl pacroJlaraeMofi_ritour"o"i_., BHu3 or JTHHHH 6, rrony_
    npH orcvrcrBHH peMoHToBHX arpefaroB. Fila c'creMbr
    rpaQuxe "r"*rpocrauuufi
    6a,rragcan u,*,o.r,u pa3-
    I\4el[alor pel\loHTbtarpef aroB, npuypo.'vBafl,
    KanHTaJtbHbrepeMorrrr]r K repHoAy
    noHH)KeHHbrx Harpy3or{
    - cprcTeMbr.
    Penaour arperaros fgc AoJr>KeH
    nJraH H poB aTbcfl H a nep HoA M e>Ke_
    ip lM rrrrr4He AO/IX{eHBbr3brBarbxoJro_
    BoAtr.peuour arpe_
    crbrx c6p^ocoe
    raroB TSfI no,'rlKeHrpnypoqH_
    Zf<[=P4xk/d XV,4M I narbcnK nepuoAyroHHX(eHHbrx
    -AlM per,roHrbrrro Bo3r\,ro)Kr{ocrr4
    I npoBo_
    HeAe.nH c noHr4)Ker{-
    ffi
    , | :::::^:j1,
    uoE Harpysxor?(cy66oraH BocKpe_
    K3CuT3( I
    | ceHte). Fi nBHoM BHAe B 6anaHc
    tto xos7euca qu oHHoJ+t
    y p afi u,rry cHcTeMbr BXoAffT Te TeKyrrIHe pe-
    r\{oHTbr, KOTOpbre He yr(JraAbIBa_

    pCr\IOHTOBHe BbIXOAH,Ta 3a JIH-


    n0 men/t 0Bo,+ryp ex u.11
    y
    Htrro5 cvtrn,la
    pHofi p acnoJr
    araelror?
    NrorrlHocrr4
    cHcreMbi.Ha rpa&prxe
    Puc- 5-7. Cxeua roAoBoro 6anagca MorlHocr, 6anaecaMoulHocrH cHcrel\{bl AoJIN{-
    3HeD-^
    rocHcreMblArfl pacqerHofoMaJroBoAHoro roAa Ha 6rtrl noKagaHa Mou{Hocrb
    1 - peuoHrarDefaroeT3c; - peMoHrafpefar.oB'iec, T3U
    III - uarpysouuHit !!
    pesepe;l*r t'v - u"upui,r,rrr'!."."pu no B'THyIKAeHHOI\Iy renJlo-
    ,o*ri pex{Hl\,ry (nuHur T, pwc.E-T)
    H ruotrlHocTb aToMHbIX gJreKTpO-
    craHuut? (Aoc) ' Ans rlinPoaneKTpocrauuafi
    ffBJrflrorcfl BeJrHr{HHbr
    cpeAHeMecqquor? 3aperyJrnponaHHofi r\{otrtHocrn ".*oA"orr"
    (xpunaa
    I pgc. b-g). flp,
    .fi7;rpo_
    BeAeHHH HeAerlbHoropery/IupoBaHnffcpeAuecyroqHas ,
    HHfl 2, pHc. b-8) B nraKcn_ MoutHocrb rbc i;;-
    uanrHrrfi no Harpy3Ke AeHb NLj < / .
    I\{ecflrra oKa3bIBaercfl 6o,rylrue

    ffi-r
    ffi-z
    %-,n
    HafpySKH CHCTeMbT
    KalK,[ofo H3
    l2 naecsqee ("rraHun
    J, puc. b_g), Pnc. 5-8. Hcno.rrsoBaHrde Morrlnocrn fAC B pacqeTHoM
    IJ ycJroBHflXzK]rrJiyaTarl
    HU Ann I\4aJIOBoAI{oru
    foAy
    aroro ro/rb3yrorcfl 12 rpaQn-
    KaMkr,a rlpHnpoeKTrrpoBaH HLr_
    qerbrpbMarpaQlzKaMurro
    oAHo_
    My rpa$zxy 4"rrnKa)KAoroce-
    SOHa foAa: 3uMbI, BecHbI, JIeTa
    H o c e H a . H a n p e AB a p H re JrbH brx
    craAHflx npoeKTHpoBaHHfl ofpaHl4llHBalorcfl
    AByMfl cvTorrr{brMr4rpaSuxaMlr -
    Anr sHMHero [I JlerHero ,4Hfl- BenuqHHbI nHKoBoh
    :peaynbrare uorqHocrH 1/" onpeAeJrrrorcfl
    n pasuefieHl{flHa rpaSuxe
    rHH 9. : N".24, KaK ,ro ,ro*urriolru Harpy35{
    puc. 5-2.
    cyrouuor?n'pa6orxu 3Hep-
    u6
    Ha ocHoBecoorBeTcrByrouefoaHail
    cog6pasHocrbHcnoJrb3oBaruHr r\,rorrlHocr
    pur?Horop$epBa MorrlHocrncucrerubr.I
    Hocrb fOC noKa3aH a Ha puc. S_Tu S_B
    ycraHoB'ueuuofiN{oIrIHocrHfOC, rpa$Hxa p.ro"iu ee arperaroB H cHHx{eHHfl
    pacnoJraraeuofir'rorrrHocrH
    Hssa naAeHHnHanopa H T. n. noflyrrHMrpa+rax
    Hc-
    KoropoMyMoxHo BbIflcHHTb, r{acKoJrbKo
    noJrHo
    cucreMeMorrlHocrbrHApocraHrIHH"Ecnu
    rofo, H H C yT,Ori H ofo pefyJrrzpoB aH H g, TO
    A 3OB A Tb IIC N OIIb3OB A H H CMOU IH OC TI {f 3C
    )t pa6ore no ren,ToBol/rypexuMy o6uqso
    33HI'lt\'lzIoT[tt4r]Jbr{acrb cyTotlHoro rpaSuxa HarpV3KH cacreN{br.
    qacrb rpaQuNa 3anoJrHser'cflKoHAeHcar{HoHHbrrvru Ociaeu u^i,
    g/reKTpocraHur{flMnu KoHAeH-
    caunoHHofi T3l{. CAnoepeNIeHHo Bblflcnflerc}i, B KaKHe N{ecnubrw xaxoii
    "acrlrcAO/IMHbI
    il{olI1l{ocrH KOC vrlacrBoBarb B HeceHHH
    (pnc. 5-7) Syuxurrfi p$epBa c,creMbr
    6 a"rya'c nto[rHocr, c'creMbl ct{HTarcTIIocrpoeHHbIMyAoB,,,IerBop
    HTe/IbHo,ec.IIH
    HopNIaJIbHoe 3/IeKTpocua6x<eHue o6ecneql4BaercflnpH gxoHol{r{qecKu qenecoo6-
    paaHott I\{HHIlManuHoliNloulHocr}rc}{creMbr..Ec,ra
    N,raJlotsoAtstft
    roA
    I{anHTaJIrsutl IIJIaHoBo-nPerynpeAIIreJIsnurr? "^puauarHurt?
    p.nto"i Bcex arperaroB a,ryeKrpo-
    ctaHuHii I\IolKFIo tlpoBecra sa cr{er cesoHHoro, a texyrurEfi
    p'aton., - 3a cqer
    HeAe"xbHoro cHHX{eHHlFlarpy3rirl, To B cr{creMeHer ueo6xoA"nroct"
    B pehroHTHoM
    p$epBe (aror cnyuarl npeACraB,,-IeH Ha pHc. 5-7).flpu ^{aJroMce3oHFroil,{ cHr.rx(e-
    HLIH HafpySI<H yCTaFrOB",leFIHyro MOITIHOCTb cHcTei\,rbrnpHXOAuTCfl yBeJIHr{prBaTb
    no vcfioBHfll\InpoBeAeHl4rpeMoHTaarperaroe. B 3ToilrcdTyqaepe[,roHT
    npoBon,Tcfl
    nOr{TI'I B TeqeHI4e BCefO fOAa LI B CHCTeI\'Ie4O,,1}KH3 l{l\leTbcf I\,ILIHHMaJibHO neO6XO-
    nlrprafl Be,rrHqHHapeMoHTHoro pe3epBa A,roulHocrlr.3ror c,nyuar? rtpeAcraB/IeH
    H a p H C .4 - 1 5 .
    6. EanancoHeprrn
    t nn nocrpoeHHfl ronoBoro lanawca aHeprHH Ha rpa6raxe orKJraAbrgaercfl
    ee B cernx H pacxoAsHeprHH
    y:.:^"::::::q:6.i.:.111:.u""p_11i1_BTrroqa"_To'Spr{
    l:^::9:rBSX:br: rruHr4n
    I puc..l-9.Fiu,paeur
    3HeprHH f3C 3, "y11.1i_--
    (nuuua 2), sHepfHH AOC vI "rno.ir"?;;;il;;;
    Bbrpa6otxa oHeprHHTOII Srsu no BbrHy)KAeu-
    g
    Hoil{y TenJIoBoMy-pe}KI4My, Koropble coBMecrHo
    Aaror JrHHHro4. Ha 3roru rpaQaxe paccrorHue
    ro BeprHKa/rH MelKAy TTHHHfrMH Z t4 S Aaer
    Bbrpa6orxy eHeprHH TAI{ no reirJroBoMv pe- KJCu TJU
    n o x ox 0ettca q u oHHort y p%Ku.r4y
    x(HMy, a MeryAy JTHHHflNTH S H 4_errpa6orxy
    eHeprHH A3C. Ecnu us-sa HeAocraroqHocru
    Hoqnofi Harpy3KH norpe6are.ryefiTenJra npuxo-
    AHTCflqacTHqHoyAoBJreTBOpfTb3a cr{eTocTpofo
    napa H oKa3brBarcTcflHetts6exHblr.,rHxoJIOCTbIe
    cJiHBbrBonbr B HOqHbresacbr cyToK, To B pac- T3! no menJTogo,rlypentu,lny
    qeT BBOAHTCfl TO./TbKO
    HctroJrbSyeMblenupa60rxn
    sHeprr4n f3C H TOtl. BenH.rHHa Hcno/rb3ye-
    nrofi_ Bbrpa6orxw 3Heprur.r olpeAe/Iflercfi no.
    rca$uxau Harpy3KH. Paccr onHr4fl no Bepru-
    KailH h,rexAy rrwHrrMu I u 4 (puc. b-g) B coor_
    BCTCTBYI.OilICM MACII]TA6C NONA3bIBAIOT A/Ifl KA}I(. Perc.5-9. Cxeua foAoBoro 6ananca
    Aoro Iuecflua coBruecrHoBbrpa6orxy gHepfur{ efieKTpHqecxoft
    Harpy3Kr{ 3Heprocn-
    K3C H Bbrpa6orxyoHeprHHTOU rro KoHAeruca- CTCMbI
    LlHoHHolvIypelKHMy.
    I -^-
    6orxy 3HepraH xax<rofi oJreKTpocraHrruucucreMbr.
    3uan errp46orKy aHeprHH 3 n ycraHoBJreHHyror'rorrlHocrn y'y'y,Mox{Ho onpe-
    Ae/IHTb tIHcro qacoR acIIoJIb3oBaHHflycraHoB,neuHoftMourHocrrr Ty : AlNv ans
    fi7
    cl{creMbl B IIeJIol\'l,nJIfl oTAeJIbHbIxTHnoB gJIeKTpocTaHUuftu AJrfl KaxAofi e.ueKTpo-
    CTAHIII{H.
    Aera.rrruufi aHaJIH3roAoBblx6anaucoBMouIHocrHH gHeprHHAiln pacrrerHoro
    MaJIOBOAHOTO rOAa, Ailf CpeAHeBOAHOTOH rvrHOrOBO.[HOrO
    rOAOB nO3BOJTHT Onpe-
    AeJIHrbnpaBuJlbHocrb nu6paHHblx napaMerpoB rpoeKrupven,tofi fOC H BbrflcHurb
    ycJroBun ee pa6otu B 3aBHcHMocrHor BoAHocrH foAa.

    f naea ubcmss

    BbISOP
    ATPETATOB
    T3C
    6-1.rHlPoArPErATbl
    fu4poarperar cocrour H3 MexaHHqecKH coeAr{HeHHbrx Mex{Ayco6ori rr{ApaB-
    nuqecxofi ryp6HHu Lr rrlAporeHeparopa.O6rr.{Horyp6uua u feHeparop HMeror
    o6rqufi Bail.
    Mouluocrn ryp6l{HbrN, rc| . n/cercpaBHaee Bparqapurex,ry M,, Kf ..M,
    Mor\,reHry
    Ha yrJroBylocKopocTbBpaIIIeHHfo), l/cerc.Typ6raHarocpelcrBor\,{
    yI\,IHo)KeHHo\{V
    Balra nepeAaer reHeparopy BpaqarcururtMoMeHrM : N/a, rcf .n. Tax Kar{
    IuolllHocrbB KLIJIoBarraxff, : ]V/102, Kf -tn/cerc,a yrJroBar cr{opocrb Bpaqe-
    HHfr o - 2nn/60, rAe n - qpIcJIoo6oporon B Mr4Hyry,ro nepeAaBaeuu;? reHe-
    paropy BpauraForrlr4firuoMeHr61'Aer:

    M,- 0,975
    +, T .*t. (6-1)
    MoulHocrn ryp6raHn (1-10) H3r,reHrercflnpn r43r\,reHeHHH pacxoAa BoAbrQ,
    uB/cerckr Ha[opa H , /vt. HonauHa.nbHafl A,rorr{Hocrb ryp6rausr fr o, KBm onpeAe-
    Jlflercfl nplc pacrlerHoMHanope //p, J4 v ee MaKclrMa.rruHo,fi nponycxnofi cnbco6-
    Hocru Qo, tnslcerc:
    y ' y ' 0 : g , 8 l Q u H u I, K n m , (l-l0a)
    rAe q - xoafrQuuneHrnoJre3Hofoleficrsun (*. n. A.) ryp6unn.
    Mou{socrl arpefara N u, KBm H3MepflercflHa 3a>KHMax reHeparopa:
    Nu : ffrI.u"' (1-11)
    Ec,urzHoMHHaJrbHafl MoulHocrb ryp6HHbr /f o : 102 Tbrc. ffiffi, a K. n. A.
    reHepaTgPaTre' : 0,98, To HoMHHaJIbHas rvrou{Hocrbarperara 6yaer paBHa
    A/o : 100 mrc. KBm. Ecnu Ha rnApocraHuurrycraHoBJreHbr qerbrperaKr{x arpe-
    rara, 1o ee ycraHoBJreHHafl
    MoulHocrb6yAer paBHa 400 ruc . t{Bm.

    A. Tnnul rHlpaBnHqeGKHx
    ryp6HH t4 r{x xapaKrepnGrnKil
    Huercrcs ABa ocHoBHbIx KJIaccarHApaBJrHrrecKHx ryp6rEH:l) peaxruBHbre r54p6uHu(puc.6-l),
    ltcltoJlb3ytoulue npeltMylilecrBeHHo noreHlruanbHyroqacrb sHeprr4HuoroKa; 2) axrueubreHJrHcrpyfi-
    Hule(xonruonlre)ryp6uun, KoropbreHcrroJlb3yror grieprHronoroKa B KHHeruqecKoM Br{Ae.Hau6oiee
    pacnpocrpaHeHHblMll p.gaxrHBHbtMH typ6NHauu rrBJrsrorcflpaAHaJrbHo-oceBbre ryp6uHn (PO) H
    noBoporHoJlo_nacrHnre (I.I"rl). Pexe npHMeHsrorcff npoilerrJrepHbre
    ryp6raunr(nP).-V r.vp6unor'PO
    JlonacrH pa6ouero KoJIecaHeno.uBH>KHo 3aKperrJreHbtHa o6o4e, a y ryp6uHtr flP --ria BTyJrKe.
    V ryp6uHrr flJI JIonacrul\roryr Bpauarbcs e uanQax H, B saBucr.rMocTr4 or Hanopau pacxoAa,3aHH-
    Marb noJlo>I(eHue, o6ecuerrHBalouee Hau6o.nuuurixoeQQuuueHT noJlesHoro4eficisus ryp6r.ruur.Pas-
    HoBHAHocrbIo noBoporHoJlolracrsoft ryp6uuu flBJrflrorcff!
    AByxnepoBarryp6uua (puc.6-l-, a), y Koro-
    Pofi rl oAn^ofi.$anQe npHKpenJIeHbI ABe Jlonacru rr Ar{aroHaflbHaq noBoporHoJro[acrHan'ryp6r.rna
    (p_llc.6-1, A). llonoporuo"noracrna.r ryp6ull.aB coqeraHrinc reHeparopoM, pa3MerrraeMbrMB KarrcyJre,
    o6pasyer xancy.nrunrfiarperar (psc. 6-2).
    Oco6yrorpynny [peAcraBJlsroro6parrErrrue ruApaBJraqecKr{eMarrru}nbr,
    KoropbreMoryr pa6orarr
    B Kaqecreeryp6uH H B KaqecrBeHacocoB(cu. rn. lO).
    luapotyp6uHHaq ycraHoBKa c peaKrnBHunauryp6HHaMHo6H'rHofi KoHcrpyKqHH(pnc. 6-3)
    hMeer cJleAyloqueocIIoBHbIe eJreMeHTbr:cnnpanbHylor(aMepy6 Ann noABoAaBoAbrx ryp6une; cra-
    rop 2; Ha[paBJlflnulufiarrapar 3 nln perynupoBaHgffpacxoAaBoAbUpa6oueexoaecqdu KaMepy,
    B Koropofi ouo ycraHoFneHo; orcacbrBaroqyrcrpy6y. Z.
    ll8
    ,HngfynZ:#J.:J:::"i:l.l::::::?.:^A,..ggl_,*v,qacrb
    Kr{Herr{qecxon
    oHepru'
    BoAbr,
    ;;ffT,ff
    6unsBbrue HHX(Hero
    vpoBH' o'i,o", iilffi f_::"p#.1;K'J:
    l;;J#HTJ"*.li#.,,JI_.^**:::y_tF_:r:;J.i*"d;ffi
    "e;;i;il;;'ffi"ui'5i""#;;f3:H#.'?3l3ir.?f,iil,lb5:
    a)
    6)

    P u c . 6 - 1 . P e a x r u s s u e typ6rEH'r: a - p'a$uaJrbHo-oceBafi,-
    B - noBopoTHoronacTHafi 6 nponeJrJrep'arr,
    , e - AByxnepoBafl [oBoporHoJroracTHas, d _
    HaJrbHaflnoBopoTHoJIOn 4uar,o-
    aCTHarI
    n.rrq HcnoJrbsoBaHns KuHeru.recxofigHeprnr.r[oroKa BoAbJ,BbrxoAfirrr
    ')TcacbIBarouagrpy6a BbrnoJrHreTcfl eft ns pa6ouero KoJreca,
    KoHI{qecKHpacrxHpflroulelicR, nosBo.rlseT yMeHburHTb
    pocrH Borur Ha BbIxoAeus rpy6bl H yBeJIHrrHTb -rrro cKo_
    paspexenue noA pa6ouanaKoJrecoM iyp6nnu.

    Psc. 6-2. I(ancy.nrHrrfi


    f rrApoarperar
    I, - pa1oqee KoJreco.ryp -
    6r',Jn; 2 - cepnoMorop
    pa6overo no.neca; J -xo-
    Hlr.recxu ri Ha np ana rrcrqu ri
    annapa" ryp6nnu; 4 -
    onopa arperara (crarop
    ryp6rHu); 5 - ynopHrrii
    noAuHnHHK; 6 - reueoa-
    rop; Z-no4ruunnzx; S-
    rrraxra AIrfl o6c.lyxuea _
    Hyn afperara; 9 -fxoHyc
    o6rexare.ns; 10 - oceeorl
    BeHrHJrxrop; 1I-rpy6ua-
    Tafl onopa noAurHnHHKa

    ryp6unarrlu flBJrflrorcs crpyftuoxoBrrroBbre(nnu


    r ryp6uua cocrouTHsAByx ocionnux eJreMeHToB _
    :fl pacxoA BOAbr.
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    E. InlporeHeparopbl
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    +{
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    reHepa-
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    ift'#"f# llJ#ffi:x*'; #tfi o6op


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    poropa npu peMoHrax, 'nraca; TaKx(e AJrfl 11oAbeMa
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    tut
    T

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    r,qe S - IIoJIHat MoulHocrbreHeparopa,Ksa; n - HopMa/rbHoe (uo*ruua.urnoe)qncJroo6oporoo


    B MHHyr),ikr H kz - xoeQQHuireHTbr nponoprrHoHaJrbHocTH.
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    r e H b u a fBl e r H r i H Hka, r i u a o 6 o p o r .
    [.rra uoutHbrxrnAporeHeparopoB S> 500 Mea c HerrocpeAcrBeHHbrM BoAsHbr.,r,r ox,uax-AeriueM o6uo-
    ToKcraropa xoeQQHI{LIeHT ft, ruoxer [oJIyqHTbcns2-2,5 pasa rueHbr]re yKa3aHHbrx Bbrrrre BeJrr{qHH
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    IIoJIHasMourHocrbKoroporo?aBua 590 Mea. A.nuua axrusHofi crailH craropa onpeAeJrfler Bbrcory
    BeprI{KaJIbHoro reHeparopa.BenuqHHa/1 o6uuuo HaxoAurcflB npeAeJraxor 0,55 ao 3,2 .rrt.
    LIuepuHoHHbIe cnotlcrsa rI{ApofeHeparopa xapaKTepH3yrorcq MoMeHToM HHepqHH'./ ero poropa,
    I(ar HseecrHo,J : MRz, r,!y^M - ruaica, R - paAuyc HHepuHH. Moueur unepurEH o6uqno saMe-
    H fl Io rI\{ a x o B b IM G D z: 4gJ, rhe G - sec pbropa,-D -A uarrerp H H epuH H
    M o M e H ro M poro pa( D:
    :2R) , g:.9,81 nlceK2- ycKopeHuecHJIbIrsxecru. Bern,rLrHaMaxoBoroMor\,reHTa orrpeAeJrflercfl
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    reHeparopa MolKer 6lrm onpeAeJreHarro Qopuy.ne:

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    oKasbrBaercr pangoit 5. Maxoeofi Moil{eHr fuAporeHeparopa HMeer cyu{ecrBeHHoe 3HaqeHrienpu
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    S 6-8. Ans orpeAeJrenuqrvrexa-
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    ,6)'n, r1e n - Hor\rHHaJrbHoe
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    tlecxofi clerH' a HanpaB.rrqrcqafi a[napar ryp6unrr IIJII{ conJlo
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    paAHaJIbHo-oceBblxtyp6yH n 1,8-2,2, a gns. noBoporHoJroflacrHbrx ryp6uu-n^ 2-2,5 pasa 6o.rrtrue
    Holv1aHaJlbHoroqHcJIa o6oporon arperara. Pac.IerHafl BeJrr{lrHHaMaKcHMaJrbHoforlucna o6oporon
    /?pacl ctlHTaeTcfl OAHHMI{3 TJIaBHbIXnapaMeTpoB reHepaTopa; TaK KaK yCLIJILTq n O6O.qeefg poTopa
    Bo3pacrarcl nponopqrdoHaJrbHooKpyxuoli cxopocrH Bo eropoft creneHH.
    C [enilo ]Aelx€B.rlieHllsreHeparopoB crpeMflTcq yMeHbuHTb BeJrHrrHHyttpacu. C,rurascr c HaJrH-
    IIHeM B cHcreMe_pefyJIHpoBaHLIfl arperara HaAexubrx
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    IIpoBeptrcT Ha npoqHocrb npI'I noJIHoMpa3roHe, AoflycKafl noBhrrrreuueHanpgx{eHug B o6o,qeHa pacrrr-
    )KeHHe. C'IHraIor' sro rIpH noJIHoM pa3roHHoM ,I;cne o6oporongeSopuarluso6oAa
    Aon*"u 6rrrr
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    rHHTHoe [oJIe nepeceKaer BHTKU HenoABuxuofi o6naorKl{ craropa reHeparopa, e xoropoft oos6yx-
    {MoM nos6yx4euua Ha Bany reHeparopa pa3Meularor
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    rnAporeHeparopoB.
    126

    I
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    pa6or'
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    K. n. A. r:jC ,u .uli 6o,uee rroJrHoro
    H c t r o J l b 3 o B a H Hqf la c r H x a p a K T e p H C T H K I {
    c B b I c o K H M Hs H a r { e H H f l M H
    K.n.A. Ha
    pHc. 6-16 IIoKa3aHo_ yBeJIHqeHHe r\,ror{Hocrr{ rer{eparopa c ff, no N,H
    nponycKHOfi Cnoco6HOCruryp6iln npH }..Be,rr'qeH,e
    rroBbrireH'H Hanopa c Hru,
    cr{HraB npHpallleHl4e 3arpar no f3c A3" Ao Hr. I-roe-
    npH yBerHrreHHHr\,rorrlHocrH ee reHepa_
    TopoB H sKoHoi\'{EIo3arpar no 3H-eprocHcreMe
    A3r, Mo}KHo no
    : 4,3, onpeAeJrHTb HaHBbrfoaHefiruy-lo }ca'roBa1gA3. -
    MoulHocrb reHepaT.opa, Haflp,i\{ep
    I4 Bl\{ecrec TeM onpeAeJII{Tb'pac'IerHlill N,,
    o Hanop Hr. trpu aror\{ rrHHHtrorpaH'rr
    N,{OrriHocTH no reHepaTopy e'Hfl,
    llpr vcraHoBxe ua ib
    .rerHlili Hanop B nepBoM HocrH 3HeprocHcreMbtpac-
    xp tBHbII\{
    Haropy f3C: nolpud;;; cpeAHeB3BerueHHor'Iy
    a ca,t.B I4l.

    6.4. BbIStiPqHCTA ATPEFATOB


    3aHHfl
    LHAposfieKTpocroHrlaa rprrxoAHrcscoBMecTHo
    raroB;2) "runryp6iusr; B) rapa*ierprrryp6,rr"iig
    oe rrorrox{eHr{e [_I)
    pa60ueroKoJrecapeaKrririuofi;yb6;;
    Brr6op qkcfla arperaroB npoH3BoA H]cfl Ha ocHoBeTexlil,Ko-arioHoMr{'recK'x
    pacqeroBc yr{erorl ycnoYufr pa6or'
    f3C e r;6.;;;reMe. 3uan ycra'oB/re'Hyro
    Mol{uocru f3C N 3ap'alor
    "- ABa-rpH nau6one;;;;;;;Hbrx napraHra q'crra arpe-
    raToB H AJrn KalKAOfo H3 HHX onpeAeJlfltoTMOtqHOCTb
    typ6unH N o : No/-nr"n, rapaNlerpbt afpefaTa fu^, r\{orrlHocrb
    5apurnt 3raH'fl' rce;^'noActl'TbrBaror ryp6unu 14reHeparop&, .fa-
    :29?pnrbr
    " ooreurr pa6or, Kan,raJroBJiox(er'aflH
    onpeAerlstor
    ;ilil"#X.%TA:,1#:1":"ApocraHqI{H, eeBblpa6orxl,
    ,r.p.rr r{ Bbr,
    trns HeKcropblxr'Ilon typ6aH npH rIpaN{er{eHHH
    H no/IHoI\{HcnoJIb3oBaHI4II HoMeH'JrarypHbrx .r'al,rerpoB
    nponycxHort cuoco6uocru ryp6raHrr
    I\{bI6vaenanoflyqarb AJI' BapHaHroB no pacxoAy,BoAbr
    HeoAr{HaKoByro ycraHoBJreHHyro Mont'ocrb
    l3c' brnuqaroil{ylocflor Hcxo-*HoltBer'rr'Hrr.
    TaK KaK oKoHqareJlbHafl BeJIHIIHHa
    }ro .o"ru.rcs BrroJrHe AonycrraMbrM,
    ycraHoB.rleHHofi norqHocra
    B npoqecceerr6opa Arrs Hee ryp6uu u fOC onpeAe/ifleTcfl
    reHeparopoB A;;t;;"ni-oro, no oAHoMy
    H3 BapI'IaHroB rIpH pacqerH.?-y Hp H rpHBeAeHHoru pacxo4e Q1 Ha rrHHHLr
    l3iope
    50/osanaca MoIrIHocrHnoJlyqaJracb uoulirocTb ryp6HHbr l/0
    reHeparopa N^ * A//'' Bl erona J- Aff, H MOUIHOCTb
    cfiyqae q,ncfleafperaroB ycraHoBJreHHafl
    MorrrHocru f9c 6y4erna A//" : -np,
    ,iN
    z
    ;;;ffi;;i;;},in"i'
    "-ooni,rre ff", norry-
    l8t
    qeHHoIi ro fpa$rtKy pr{c. 5-6. Ornoxue Ha^sJoM rpaQuxe Aff;, y3HaeM, qepe3
    cKorbKo "rter q AononHHTe.rIbHatI A,roil{rlocrbf3C Mox(er saMeHrrrbB gHeprocgcrer\{e
    Mou{Hocrb Aff. _- qAffr HoBbrx K3C. flononHuTeJrbHafl sKoHoMHr Mor.tlHocri{
    TeIIJIoBblxgfieKTpocraHr{ufi noActlllrblBaercfl c yqeroM r<oe$Qur{HeHracHH}KeHgfl
    (l I Et)a noroxly, t{To 3at\,{eHreMaflMoulHocrb renJroBbrx 3,rrer(Tpocrauqafi no-
    qepes !/ Jrer rrocJreBBoAa nocJreAHeroarperara
    lP-elygTcfl B sHeprocucreMe JIHIrrb
    f3C. Veenaqeitue yclaHoBneuHor?N{orqHocrr4f3C Ha A1/., KBm Aaer A,onoJrr-u{-
    TerbHylo Bblpa6orxy sHeprr4[r A9", KBm-u/eod, Koropyro ruo]KHoHcrro,rrb3oBarb
    B cHcrelvleo6rtqHo ylKe B repBbrr?roA pa6orn arpefaroe f3C. lloaror\,ry,4onoJIHH-
    T e , ' l b H a f sl K o H o \ l H t lH a T o [ , ' I H B eT e n " r l o B b lsXJ I e K T p o c T a H U HSi l, , . r A 9 . I c l , r . ( 5 - 2 4 ) )
    y t { I i ' r b l B a e r c tB
    { n o J H o \ r p a 3 N r e p eT , . e . 6 e s N o e c f r { r a u r i e r r rcar { i , r x ( e H r r rC
    r .p a n r r l r n
    o/
    /o

    u 1

    P rtc . 6 ' 1 7 . P a 6 o q a s xapaK TepH cruKcraH


    a qH Hc rroB oporH o-.[onacrH brl ,rrl
    r)rp-
    5rrsa,ur.r ilpH ycraHoBKeAByx H qeTbrpexarperaroB

    MeiKAy co6ot? BapLIaHTbic yqeroxr Aofrod'IHHre;rruofi3KoHo\,tr{riHa ^,rorrlHocrur.r


    renloBbIX g.TeKTpocral{qafi,noxHo ottpene,rinrbHariBbtroAuefiueeqHcr'ro
    Ton,r'IHBe
    arpefaToB iro l\rrrHHrrvNlypacrreTHbIX3aTpaT:
    g (Era,n * u,r) ANri
    (EnK,t* Hr) - Sp. : ['IIIHHMyNI,
    (1 * E")Y "43.i

    fAe (.i H H ri - COOTBeI'CTB€HHO KanvITanoBJIolKeHHfl H elKefoAHble H3AepxK[i


    no f3C AJIfl BapLraHrac qHcJroMarperaroB i, LNri w A,311- coorBercrBeHHopa3-
    Hocrb ycraHoB"neuuofi MouIHocrH Lr cpeAHenoAoBofi Bbrpa6orxH eHeplua fOC
    B BapuaHTe i no cpaBHeHHIoc BapHaHToM,HMeroulHN,r r\rHHlr\{aJrbHy}o
    BerHril.rHv
    ycraHoB/reHHofi Mou{HocrH f3c 1v..
    Cronntocrb'I'yp6uu, reHeparopoB H sAaHHffcraHrruu o6nrqHoBo3pacraer c yBe-
    .[HqeHHeMrli.tcfiaarperaroe. Ars o6ecneqeHlrsBbIcoKHXTer\,rnoB pa3BHTHr gHep-
    rerHKIr raKx(e qe/iecoo6pasrioyKpyrFrrrb afperarbr. K. r. A. ryp6r.rnbrH reHepa-
    Topa Bo3pacralor c yBeflHqeHuervlHx MorrlHocru. 3rra Saxropbr npeAonpeAeJrflror
    qe/recoo6pasHocrn yN'IeHbrueHHr r{Hcila H yKpynHeHHfl arperaroB. OAnaxo yBe-
    flHr{eHHeTIHCJIaafpefaroB npr4 r\{aJIoMHX r{Hc/Ie cyuecrBeHHo y,lyquaeT oqepTa-
    HHe pa6ouefi xapaKrepHcrHKrr rHApocreHuuu.
    llonoporHoJlonacrHbreryp6uuu HMeror noJrofyrc pa6oqyrc xapaKrepr4cruKy.
    floarouy Ans fHApocraHuHH, o6opyAoeaFrHofiIIII ryp6uHarrv, Aocraror{Ho no-
    JIofafl KpHBafl o6uefi xapaKTepHcrHKHecefi craHuHH B ue,rroMAocrnraercfl ,yxe
    npH cpaBHHTeJrbHo r{aJroMqHcJreafpefaToB.
    Hao6opor, y 6srcrpoxoAHblx paAuaJrbHo-oceBbrx ryp6ran H oco6esuo y ilpo-
    neJIJIepHHxryp6HH npoHcxoAHr pe3Koe [aAeHHe K. tI. A. npr.r orKJroHeHHHMouI-
    HocrH or orrrulra,nluor?. flosrol,ry, AJIg roro .rro6H AocrufHyrb ycrorlquenrx 3Ha-
    .IeHHftK. n. A. craHlrrrn, ueo6xoAul\IoycTaHoBHTb3HaquTe.rrbHoe qucro arpefaroB
    STO|OTH[a.
    O6m.rHo MnHH[,ra,/TbHbrM TIHcJIoN,IarperaroB crrllTaercfl ABa arperara. Vcra-
    HOBKy TO/rbKOOAHOI.OafperaTa IVIOIKHO .U,OnyCTHTbJIHrrrbAJIfl CTaHTIHL{OTHOCH-
    TeJrbHose6olnruor? ruoulHocru, pa6oraigrr(efi B KpynHofi aueprernqecxofi cucreMe,
    KorAa ocraHoBKa rcC He Mox(er cylr\ecrBeHHo rroBJrr,rrrbHa pa6ory c?rcreMbrH
    He noBJreqeraa co6ofi 6onnruoft norepr{ B Bbrpa6orxe oHeprr.rH..II,ea afperara Mo-
    ryr Aarb xopouufr x. n. A. craHqHH Jlr.rrxbB c/ryqae rpHMeHeHHflryp6HH c oqeHb
    ilororofi pa6o,lefi xapaKrepr4cruKofi
    (puc. 6-n7).
    t82
    T pu H rlerblpe arperara o6rtquo Aaror BrroJrHe?KoHor\,rngHoe peueHue KaK
    B Cirlblc.Ile
    croHN'locrl{ycraHoBKLI,TaK I.I B OTHOII]eHHHXOpOUero K. il..1. CTaH-
    ul{H. VeenplqHBarb ql{cflo arperaroB cBepx qerbrpex npHxoAurcn:
    'TiCYAO6HbIMHa) ec/r' pa3-
    IUEPbI I{O"[CCA IOTVqAIOTCfl TPYAHO BbIIIOJIHH]\IbIMH H,IIH
    AJIN TPAHC.
    roprHpoBKH no cBoHr'Ira6apl{ratvr;6) xorAa i{pynHafl f3c-npeAHa3Haqaercr
    Ann
    pa6orli B orllocl'ITeJlbHoHe6onnruol?gHeprocucreMe H, cJreAoBareJrbHo,
    yKpyl-
    ^ui,ex
    HeHHeee arperaroe rpe6yer pe3Koro yBe;rHqeutfl,pe3epBa cgcreMbr;
    e) no
    Apylu.\ cryqarx, Korra sro sKoHoMHqecKH qeJrecoo6pa3Ho.
    Ann cBepxr'lolqHtJx f3C qncro arpefaroe o6rr.rHo onpeAeJrflercfl rrpeAeJrbHbrM
    ryp6uuu H relleparopa, Bo3Mo}KHbrMK H3foroBJreHrz}oHa
    Al'raN'lerpol\{
    AaHHor\,r
    VpoBHepa3BVTHfl['ialuHHocrpoeHLrfl.3naqttpeAeJibHbte
    Aaax,rerptrryp6raHbrH reHe-
    paropa v coorBercrBVtotqyrc HM npeAeJrbHytoMOUIHOCTL, afpefara Nu, r,rolKHo
    onpe,Ier r.rrb r\{HHr,rMa/rbHoe ar-pef
    ar gy : N ,l N o. Tar 6trno oilpe4eJreHo
    rrr{ci'roafpefaroe Borxcxoft .:LcIg
    f3c ulrbua xxll
    ?
    ct esAa i(ncc, Ha Koropoli vcra-
    iloBJeilo 22 arperara IIo 115 tr,rc. KBm c noBoporHo,,Torrac'rFrr-,rN{rr
    ryp1utiailr}r 11pe-
    Ae,ribHofo AJrtrrofo BpeMeHHAIIaN{erpag,B .tt.

    6 . 5 . B b I F O PN A P A M E T P OTBY P 6 H HI T OH O M E T { K , N A T Y P H b I M
    T P A O H K A MH X A P A K T EI ,PI C T I 4 K A M

    3rias ycraHoB,tIeHHyroNIoIIlHOcrnf3C N, H r{HcJioarperaroB, Mo}KeN,{


    onpeAe-
    'rII4TbHol\'IHrIaJIbHyro x'roII{HOcrlryp6wu ]{ o,_T. e. Ty r\{oulHocrb, Koropyrc
    Ao,rrx{Ha
    A a B a r b r y p 6 u , n a n p a p a c q e r H o [ , rH a n o p e -, ? r ,
    AI
    lv r Na
    rAv/ 0 - -
    Zlreu 'l-- I
    llreH

    rle /y'u - Hol,IHIla,ilbl{aflMoillHocrb aft


    a llree Noa{i(laqHeHr noJre3Horo Ael
    Hanopa, HaAoBrrarb [{HHHn,iannriltri H Iua
    v 6sicrpo r{o}KHo onpeAeJrr.rrbTHrr n na

    lrHoJronacruofi ryp6uHlr cepr{H ll"r-I_b0


    PO-45. B HoMeHKJrarypeHx,rercrcrqacr_

    ) Hor\,reH
    i,u[Li Z:: :f5 ";:
    ilrtiTE':n,:,u/,'
    KJraryp HbrMrp aQuxarr,r,fl BJIfl }orcfl
    opI{eHrHpoBoqHblMH.Hau6o,rlee uaAexuue pe3yJrbra"n
    Aaei *tOop ryp6un no
    yHHBepcaJrbHbrMx ap aKrep HCTH
    KaM.
    'uo
    rlp" nu6ope ryp6uu xapaKTepHcTHKaM,xpor,re f/0, H
    *rn H H *un , Heod-
    XOLlli\Io otIpe[€",'IHTb CpeArreB:rselUeHHblrl Hanop f/.p: Ig{ HrrHxorn
    6nr^cpeAHeapusueruuecNafi
    Hanop lgc. f, runr
    Cor"'lacHo ypaBHer{Hflr,rnolo6us B repBox,r npu6nu>KeH
    HH (6-3), uawlo,ry
    nuui--r
    cpeAHeBseeueHuur?K. il, A. ryp6uH i\,ro)Ker6urt
    no,r'IlueH,ecjrrr co6nrorarcTcfl
    oTHOlUeHHn:.

    tr : tli *. o* ( 6 -1 2 )
    I-lp" orol{ qrrcJreo6oporon n AJrfl pacr{erHofo Ha[opa
    Hp no/ryqlrN,r:

    n - , r u .p t { . ( 6 -1 3 )
    DL
    Orcorla

    tll *.p : /2t on.on. ( 6 -l 4 )


    I33
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    s c)l r)
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    is. \+ !-v

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    npl ,,),.p roryrrHMe; *-
    ilorrpaBKy AQi H onpe4e.rruna
    AHaMerp ryp6r.runr: n, noAcrrHraeM

    Dr: N,

    V' e,Bl(Q;*. o _r AQ)ffi (6-l5)


    flo'rryueHsrtfi Al{alleTp D
    I oKpyrJlterc-fl 6nux<afrurero HoN{eHK/rarypHofo.
    tlpa eroM lHarerpe b, orrpeAe/r'rvl rr'cno ,ro
    '6'^u*afruee o60poron, no Qoprry"rraru(6- 12)
    (6-13) H npHMei\4 HilH
    cuHxpoHHoe q'C/io o6oporon.
    ocesoli ryp6aulr npil yBe'IIHr{eHI4II rnn paA'anbHo_
    ee AHaMerpa MorrlHocrl Iy'n r{ ycraHoBJreHHafl
    I\'on{Hocrb raJ{pocraFlu'H n/. 6)'ayt
    6o,rltme HcxoAHbrx BeJiHqr.rHH uao6opor.
    f l p a H n s p a c x o A _ Q-; . p H 3 j r r r H H H
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    ffs: 9,8r(Q; o * Aei)otrnro,un,


    KBm.
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    r,H Lrncila o6oporoB Ao cuHxpor{Horo
    H3-
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    flpoeelelr opHeHTrrpoBorrHo
    pacrrer npHMeHH
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    rlonpaBl{e
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    n:79I*: lig,b Mluuu.


    4
    l-Ipunreu6nuxaftrueecuHxpoHHoe
    rr'cro o6oporonn:
    finn 6o"rreeno"nsofi otl.;tn" napaMerpoe
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    185
    Ta6tu4a 6-2 K npnrvrepypacqera rypdfiHhr PO-451123

    e'r*,:n'dfo*-^a; n.:10-1,1oH

    45 69 0,9{5 0,21 -0,40


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    paAHa.lbHo-oceBofiTyp6HHbr noryqaercfl B ToM cryqae, ecJrH LJrfl pacqerHofo
    (6-15)
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    155
    Hafl annaparypa. Peeynmaru Ha6nrcAeunfi alaJrn3npyrorcfl , cpaBHgBalorcfl vr
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    IIpu yBeJIHqeHHHAuaMerpa rpy6onpoBoAa yrBeJrurruBaercflefo Bi , cToI,I-
    Mocrb H pacqerHble sarparbr 3 - E"K + H. Bvrecre c reM yMe'brxa
    fl cKo-
    pocrb reqeHHfl B^oAbI,rIOTepH Hanopa, iloTepH eHeprHH H CTOHMOCTb
    I/ noTep flH-
    Hofi aHepfHH. 3r<ouoMnrrecKr.r
    HaHBbrroaHefiruufi'
    \uaMerp rpy6onpor oAa D,*
    orrpeAeJrflercs IIo ycJroBHroMHHHMyMaCyMMbrpzlrcqersux 3aTpaT rro T y6onpo-
    reAI H. Cror{naocru norepqHHOfi eHeprHH 3 + ,n - MHH.
    B o6qena cryqae 4nfl HecKoJIbKHxs HaqeHHr?AHaMerpa rp y6on por '4fl nOA-
    cqHTbIBaIor sarparrl 3 H crol4Mocrb n norepnunofi eHeprr44, crpoflT K p H B y r o
    3aBHcHMocrH3 + n : f (D), tro rlrHHHMyMyKoropofi onpeAeJrRrcrD,
    Anq rJlaAKocreHHoro craJlbHoro rpydonpoeoa.a B orJrnqHe or Aep B A I I H O H .
    Horo KalHaila, TyHHeJIfl, )KeJle3o6erosuoro H
    4epeBflHHoro rpy6onpor A O B 3 a -
    Aar{a onpeAerreHHs MHHHMyMa 3 + n - f (D) Mo}Ker 6sni cDse HTCJIbHO
    rrpocro peueHa aKalr[rr4rrecKH.fiuayfp rpy6gnpoBoAa aat6vrpaercfl) JIfl KAX(-
    Aoro yqacrKa I , I I '- -l I-l^.(c'r. puc. I 1-8) lrr-eirayaHKepHbrMH
    onop aMH flo Ko--
    re.nnHofiQoprr,ryne (11-13) \rrfl cpeAHeroHanopa H r,' H n H H ,i, Ha yr{acrKe
    Mox(Ho orpeAeJlHrb cpeAHroFoAJrfl yqacrKa ToJmtHHy o6onoqxu rpy6 n poBoAa
    H noActlHTarb o6teu, Bec u crouMocrb rpy6onpoBoAa. PacqetHote eu parbr no
    tpy6onpoBoAy Moryr 6strn Bblpa>KeHbrB AoJrflx or Ka[HTaJroBJro]KeHH
    3- E,K+H:(8"*p) K-p,K,
    f,u,eP - AoJIfl orqnc"rlesufi Ha aMopru3arluro, BKJrFoqanrexyuufi peMo H T. N.
    B rpy6onpoBoAe,KaK 14B HanopHoMTyHHeJre, norepBt'*puil;; 3 H e p fH r 4
    3a foA rrponop[HoHaJrbHbr
    cpeAHeKy6uuecxoMy pacxoAy-BoAbr'(clur. $ 4).
    Brtpasuu pacqerHble3arparbl Lr crouMocrb notep"nnofi' rnap-r""
    L\vLtlo'r AHaMerpa rpy6onpoBoAa, BO3bMeMrepByro npoH3BOAHyro Q,yur. l - -

    no AHaMeTpy, npHpaBHfleM..eeHyJrro Lr H3 no,,,IyrreHHoro


    3+n
    ypaBHeHHn O PeAe"nuna
    :::::-Y"qecxH _ l:I:"*oAnefiruufi AHaMerp D,*l BosNIoxHn ABa crry afl: l-r?
    cnyuafi - Ha qacrH HJrvrHa BceMBepxHeMyrracrKe tpy6onpouolu, , e
    Hanop
    MaJI' nO yCJIOBHflMX{eCTKOCTH IIpHxoAHTcfl npHHHMarr ronqllHy o6oJrorrK 6onnrue
    qeM oHa noflyqaercfl no pacqery npoqHocrH. Ann sTofo cflyqafl
    6,33f;--
    J,arortQ3?"ofl
    - rr\ _ 17
    D*. ) (1r-28)
    V p"AC6

    2-i4 cnvqafi - Ha ytlacrKax c Aocraroqno 6o.nnruraunHanopaMr{.l


    2 ' l IIIH HA
    oooJlorrKHonpeAeJlffercff no ycJropHffMnporrHocflE (ll-13)
    r *"n".r." n AJrHrre
    yqacrKa c H3MeHeHHeM Hanopa H (crvr.puc. ll-g, ri). B sror,r cfivqae
    7,33
    0,O4soqoaifep
    Du: (r1-2e)
    V p"acH
    rAe Dr* - Ar{aMerprpy6oupoBoAa, il; Tl
    sp- pacuerHha crourrrocri norepnHHofi .- cpeanr.rift
    r. n.,A. arperarHo 6noxa.
    , euepi"", pg1llrce;:;i; -
    AonycKaeMoelqnpl{eHHe B craJlbsofi o6bJIorIKe 9con
    t
    Ha pacrffx(eHr{e "
    B rcllc n p " -
    HHMaercnHa 20-25% HHX(e,qeM B rpa4e 4 ta6.n.^1l-1 qro yqreHo
    ;;;;;y,
    roJIbKo oAHo BHyrpeHHeeAaBJreHr.reBoAbr; Qo - pacuerusrficpeiHexy6 qeCxurt
    pacxoA Te - pacqerHaflrpoAcj"trxuierrbHocrb
    p - roeQQuul{eHr
    "oA',__!319erc; norepb aHe l H H , t l ;
    norepb gHepr.HH
    yBerHrIeHI{ff Hs-3ac*r{x(eHHfl.HcrroJrb yeMoro
    pacxoAaBoAbrB nepHoAnaBorr(a;ps - x-gaQQuquerrr pacqerHbrx3arpar ff XAOJI
    (rax,npu E,: 0,12H p :0,0b 6yaerpu J 0;i7i:;,-_--"oadx
    :llllun HIlHCIIT
    Beca rpy60npoBoAa H3-3a QniHUen," onopHuix KoJreu, =i
    - - - - r - 1
    yBeflHrreHkrfl
    naca R
    p-*2P*t*l"t H r. II.; c - c'ro'nno*ntpy6r c .. o K p a c -
    ::-*.*T:t-^"i:aq::-*:
    lr r. 1a
    xofi, yr{JraAr(ofi rr., pu6lT; 6 - roJrrrlH:Ha
    o6o.rro,rx1t ctyti.H cpea ufi lnn
    yqacrKaHanopc yrleroMruApaBJlHrrecxoroyAapa (uanirlrr,rep,
    H - flr). \ : - ' 4nn i/', ' acTKa,
    '' :Ec.rru ,.
    e nepHoA naBoAKarianbp foc ,MeHbrrrepacqeTHoro Harro
    6uu, ro npr yMeHbrrreHHH A tYP.
    4"u*.rpu rpy6onpo;;;; yB'g[HTII,IBaIOTCfl He TOJTbKO.
    201'
    fiorepH Hanopa, Ho H yMeHbrrlaercflnponycKHan cnoco6Hocrb Typ6H B arr.{x
    cflyqaflx Mo)l(Ho opHeHTI4poBot{HonpHHflTb B == 1, 1- 1, 15.
    Ecau x{e B nepr4oAxoJrocrbrxc6pocoB BoAbrr{afiop fgc 6onnue p cqeTHofo
    Hanopa ryp6vtH, To B 3ToTIIepHoAnoTepH 3HepfHr,rHe yqr4TbrBarorcff, T K KAK IIO-
    TepH Hanopa MofyT obrTb KoMIIeHcHpoBaHbI yBe,nHr{eHHer{ ucno/rb3y ofo pac-
    xoAa BoAbr u arperar 6yAer AaBarb no/rHyro MorrlHocrb. I-lpu arolrr B 1,0.
    (11-29)cJleAyer,rtro qeu 6onbue HanopHa vqacrKe,re MCHbtllC
    I4s Qopr"ryJrbr
    Dr^. I4sNaeHeHHe AuaN{erparpy6onpoBoAanpou3BoAurcflB npeAeJrax HKepHofi
    oilopbr. B6nusvr MHHr4MyMa KpHBar 3 + n - f (D) o6nrquo6srnaernoJIoroH.
    floarouy MolKHo HecKoJrbKoyMeHbuutt' D tto cpaBHeHr4ro c noJryqeH O[{ BCJIH-
    .nrHofi. Hao6opor, npll qpe3MepHo 6onruroir NraKclrMa,quuoficr(op L.t BOLbr
    A r r a M e r pr p y 6 o n p o B o A a n p H X o A H r c f ly B e r u r r u B s r b n o y c J r o B H f f M
    p e r y J r poBaFII:itl
    ryp6llH 14 4.nfl,yN{eHbueHrrnrlrApaBJrldrrecKoroyAapa.

    11-?.ONPE.qETEHHE
    PACqETHOTO
    CPEIHEKYEIHI{ECKOTO
    PACXOflAB flbl
    TvP6HHH0r0 H
    TPv60nP0Bo.qAPACqETH0il
    np0,q0n)fi]tTEnbHoCT
    N(lTEPbSHEPTH}I
    pacxoAa6nno r,aHoB $ 8-4. Ans
    flounrue cpeAHexy6uuecxoro p6nuHoro
    rpr'6onpoBoAa nprr pa6ore fOC c cyror{Hbrrvr peryJrr.rpoBaHr4eM
    3Har{H b H o 3 a -
    AeficreHTeJIbH x pacxo-
    rp )'AHflercrr nocrpoeHue rpaQuxa ilpoAoJl>K?ITeJrrrHocrr.r
    A OB B OA br,TaK K aK OqeH b Tpy HO yqecTb
    BCe BO3lvtO)KHbIe pelKI,IMbI 3A AJrVr-
    re"nnuu-iip"a Jreree pa6ornre H e p r o c H -
    crervie. l?ac.rerti 3Haqr{TeJrbH ynpoula-
    IOTCfl, eCJIH niJeAnOJIOX(I'ITb, ro arpe-
    rarbr f3C pa6oraror B ocHoB oN{B AByx
    pe)KHMax: l) c nonHofi M IIIHOCTbIO
    kr 2) c M:aK crrN raJrbH brM
    K . n.
    tr4nre:q rpa$Hx npoAofix{H bHOCTI{
    - r - l
    cpeAHecvror{ Frbix p acxoAoB (puc.
    td i tn r 11-I I , r{pr4sar/), neo6xoAHMoIIeHI{Tb,
    cKoJrbKOqacoB B roAY fHA ocraHullf
    6yler pa6orarb noJrHofirr,routOCTEIO HA
    ruKax Harpy3KH.flocne MOX(HO
    nocTpol4lTb pacqerHblH rpaQH npoAoJr-
    P u c . 1 l -1 1 . Kp u a u ren p o A o J rl K r4r-eJrbHpac-
    ocru >KHTeJrbHOCrr{ p acxoAoB BoAbr fl oAHO-
    xoAoB BoAbr r o a r p e r a r a ( p u c . l l - 1 1 , $ vrBar ,9).
    1 - cpe4necyrorrHbrx pacxo4on I3C; 2 - pacxogon
    f3C npn pa6ore c cyroqnblM peryJlrrpoBaHneM; MaxcuviannHufi pacxoA Ty HHbr Q,
    J - pacxo4on uHAHBr.rAyaJrbHoro rp 4fonpoeo4a; paBeH I\daKcHMaJIbHoMy paCX Ay craH-
    Ia: qHcflo qacoB pa6oril f3C s roAy; Ta - .{t,tcao
    qacoB pa6oru arperara B roAy t1HHQc' AeJreHHoMyHa rru I arpera-
    roB n. B pac-cMarpuBaeMoM npHMepe
    (pnc. 11-ll) npuHnro n : 3. C pacxoAouQ',arlperar6yaerpa6orarr B nepHoA
    raBoAKa B 6aguce B Teqenr4eT6 qacoB vr B n:epuoA.Mex(eHHHa n Kax rpa-
    $uxa Harpy3Kfi B rerreHue ?nnuacon B roAy. PacxoA Q, ilpH pa6ore arpefaTa
    c r{aKcHMaJrbHbrMK. rt. A. rl, Mox(Ho onpeAeJr.HTbne $oprrnyne:

    n - ff"
    \.e - g,BlrlaHcp

    r1e N, - orrruMaJibHar MotrlHocrb arperara npr,r rls; H", - cpegunir afiop, Jvt.
    Bpervra pa6orn arperara c pacxoAoM Q, 6y4,er:

    T
    r 3 -
    +-Q!,(ro* ?".,) 3r -- N. (70 * 7")
    Qt n N s ' '

    rAe V, - cpeAHeroAcBofiHcnoJrb3yerr'rnfi rr,rApocraHrlneficroK, 'twg BCTHITI,IHA


    Koroporo onpeAeJrfercfl rro nJroulaAu, orpaur4rreHuofixpunoft / (p c . 1 1 - 1 1 )
    u ocffMH KoopArlHar; 3, - cpeAHeloAoBarnupa6orKa aHeprnlr ,'K1ftt.4;
    N' - ycrafioBJreflrras Mouluocro l3C, KBm.
    208
    Ecnpt B nepfiol, Ta naBoAKa Hanop fAC MeHbrre pacrrerHoro Hanopa p6uu,
    ro pacqeruslfi cpeAHeKy6uuecxufipacxoA r{HAHBHAyaJrbHororpy6onpono a 6y4er
    paBeH AeficrsHreJrbHoMy
    cpeAHeKyOuuecxoMy
    pacxoAy:

    Qp:
    ,'ImF,
    v (I 1-30)

    norepb gHeprnr4 6yaer paBna 4eiicrnu


    H pacqeTHaflnpoAo,ri>KuTeJlbHocrb bHOII
    ilpoAoJrx{HTeJrbHocru
    pa6ortr arperara:

    Tr:Tu:To*Tn*Tu. (11-31)
    l l o c x o n u r y B n e p n o A n a B o r r { a H 3 - 3 a c H H x { e H i r f lr r a n o p a y N { e H b u a e r f l n p o -
    n ) , c r i H a n c n o c _ o 6 H o c r rby p 6 r , i H ; r o B Q o p n a y " r r a(x1 1 - 2 8 ) H ( 1 1 - 2 9 ) i l p r r H t\,{aeTcf
    13: 1,1-1,15.
    Ecnu B nepuoATo naBoAKanpu xoJlocrbrxc6po,caxBoAbrr{anopf3C 6o"nuure
    pacl{erHoroHanopa ryp6uu, To norepr{ gHepfHH[OAC'{r4TbrBarOTCflbKo 3a
    nepHoA
    Tp:?n*7,' 01=3.2)
    florollv tITo rtpu us6rtrxe BoAbrB peKe norepH r{a[opa rvrofyr 6uru KoMn HCrrpo-
    BaHbryBeJIHqeHueM l{cnoJrb3yeMoropacxoAa BoAbr.tlpu 3ToM pacuerHsrii cpeAHe-
    Ky611u..rur? pacxoA BoAbr6y4er paBeH:
    3 r^n-
    n :_ ; / Q T -|) -a
    ' Y r' r^ n \ c3
    3 rT3 .
    Qp
    l/ (I 1-33)
    Tn*Tt

    B :
    B AaHHorvrcfiyqae, KaK orNieqaJ'IocbB S I1-6, npprHr.rMaercfl 1 0.

    1 I . 8 . A H K E P H b IHE N P O M E H Y T O T { HObNI EO P bGI T / { N b H O TTOP Y E O I I P O B O

    AnxepHbreonopbr6brBaror noJly3aKpbrTbre
    3aKpbrrbre, B sa pbrrbrx
    u orKpblTbre.
    aHKepHbrxonopax 6erou oKpy)Kaero6o"noury co Bcex cropoH vr pa3M ilIaercs
    noA rpy6ofi H HaA rpy 6oir. flonepxHocrb o6o"noqxurpy6u B 3aKpbrro onope
    He Mox{er 6trm ocMorpeua. B orKpbrrblx onopax o6ono.Ixa rpy6onpoB(Ia Kpe-
    nHTCflB,OnopenpH noNiotrlHxoMyToB H cToeK H AocTynHa AJrfl ocr\{oTpaI{ eMoHTa,
    Ho B raxgfi onope Becb norpe6Hbrfi o6teu 6erona AoJIX(eHpa3Melllarb fl JIHIIIb
    rroA rpy6ofi.
    B no.rry3aKpbrrbrxonopax 6eroH saKpbrBaer Hux(Hloto noJIoBHHy o6 O I I K H .
    3ror BHA onopbr HaHMeHeeparruoHanuuufi, TaK KaK B Mecrax SaAeJIKH oMyroB
    v o6o.noqxu B 6eros BosHr{Karor 6ontuue MecrHbre Hanpqx{eHur.
    O6slqno paccroflHr{e Mex(Ay aHKepHbIMHonopatuIr AIrn orKpblTblx p pe3Hbrx
    ,,rpy6onpoBoAoBnpuHr{Maercfl He 6onee 100-200 .tvt.fipu MarIoM yfJle A K J I O H A
    rpy6onpoBoAa K ropu3oHTy H npn pacrloJlo)KeHunKotvlneucaropaB c peAHHe
    aHKepHoroilpoJrera(uro yMeHbrrraer xoAa KoHIratpy6onpoBoA
    BeJIHqHHy B KOM.
    neHcarope) paccroffHue MexAy aHKepHbIMIaoropilMn Mo)Ker Aoernrar 350-
    400 lvt.
    flpra neperaAereMneparypLt - 40" C, ATIHHeyqacrKa tpy6onpo oAa or
    - 150 tvtu xoaQSHIrHeHre nnseitn ro pac-
    KoruneHcaropa Ao aHKepHofioilopbl L
    rrrupeHufl crarltr e, : 0,000012 xoA caJrbHLIKoBoroKoMIIeHcaropa 6ya L,L :
    '= aLL,t : 0,072 .ttt.
    3aAenra o6o,noqKu rpy6rr s aHKepHyIoonopy AoJIx{Ha6ntru HaAex{Ho. B cny-
    .rae6aHAax{upoBaHHoro rpy6onpoBoAaK ero o6ono'rxenpHBapHBaercff c euHaJrb-
    u6fi onopuurfiBoporHr{K, xoropsrftynupalor B ropeu aurepuoft onop , uro6rt
    ocso6oAg6 6aHAax(Hor npoAo.nrHofi H
    cHJIbI npeAoxpanuTb HX or rle TIIEHI,{fl
    no o6oflo.rxe tpy6lr
    'K 'HoBbIMrI4IIaMornocurcfl uapnupHafl sHKepruasonopa (pnc' 1l' 2 ) ,
    flpur;HecK?JrbHbrx rpyHrax noAoruBaaHKepuofionoptr o6srrlHoAeflae fl ropu-
    so*tansioft unra c He6oJrbtxuM o6parHmMyKJIoHoIvt u AoJIx('Ha6blrb 3ar y6neua
    HH)Ke r.ny6uurr npoMep3 anvfr,. flps cKaJIbHbIx rpy:t{Tax noAourBy oilop AeJraroT
    209
    ,'11

    ycrynaMu (cryneHnnara)
    c onopHbrMunJrorqaAKaMr{,
    tro Bo3Mo>KHocrH
    ne neHLH-
    KyJIflpHbIMpIpaBHoAeficrnyroqefi Bcex cI{JI, nepeAat)rrlHxcfi Ha ocHoBaHH . llpn
    npoqHoMcI(aJIbHoM ocHoBaruu aHKepnaflonopa Mox(eT6nrr yMegbrrrega a . c q e T
    aHKepoBI{Hee B cKaJIy. Bec auxepHoft onopbr, ee pasMep n- QopnaaocH BAHHfl,

    t A
    l<-
    ls00

    s
    s
    \
    )
    s\
    sf,

    P p rc . l l -1 2 . o rx pri rafl aH K epH arr


    onopa uapH H pH ororH na
    1 -o 6 o n o v x a rp y S s r;2 - a H x epH uft" ::^:r.T" kl " ffj ;j ro rx€rpurrp;
    4 -auxepi s _

    .{oJIx{HbI o6ecnetlHBarb yctofiuuBocrb onopbr. flpu aroM npoBepfl}orcfl c y q a H


    xolt6uuauui't cHrI rpu HanoJIHeHHoM14 rtpu onopox<HeHHoM^ rpybonpoBoA npH
    noBbrrueHHH H npr{ noHHX(eHHHTeMnepaTypbr.

    Puc. ll-13. flpouexyroqHafi onopa.KaTKoBoro


    rr{ra c oropHbrr\{
    KoJrbuoM
    I - ouoPHoe Konbqo; 2 - onopuoe- ycrpoftcrno; J - $yngarrlenr; 4 - ocuoguoft
    5 '- nr1p66nofi 6eron; 6 - qerueHrnaa-nb4annra

    no ocHoBaHltto H B_pa3fiHrrH6[x aJreMeHTaxauKepHoft' rrgpbr


    lanpaxeHufl
    He AonlKHbI n.peBocXoAHTbAonycKs0MntX; HanpnxeHLIH tlo ocHoBanuro
    A ^rrrv IX(HbI
    6urn ronbKo' airs qero,prn"oaen[tuirourur
    cx'*a'ourrdM', ;;;;.fiarry
    Av

    HX'
    2r0
    Ha onopy' H Beca cauofi oflopbl He AoJIx{HbrBbrxoAHTbHs ffApa
    ceqeHufl y ocHo-
    BaHHfl Onopbl.
    il,nn onopbrc ropu3oura.ntHofi
    noAorusofiH HsMeHeHHervr
    ocH rpy6o poBoAa
    TOJIbKO B BCPTHKA"qbHOfiUIOCKOCTI4HANPABI{M ocb,x no ropl{3oHTaJrHrIpaBo,
    a ocb A - BHH3.flpoexquro paBHoAeficrnyrouefiBHCIXHHX CHJI HA OCb ,r
    qHMqepe3Xn, a Ha ocb - qepe3yn. . Ha-
    A
    nPy xoeQQnuueHrerpeHun onopbr no ocHoeahuro H C U C N / I E H H H C rcfl az
    f
    HJrr4Tlaz noflyr{HMroaQQzuzeHr yirofiurzBocrn onropbrH A C A B H | :

    ,h
    vc_
    _ (Y"+c) f *cF
    Xn ,

    f,u,e F - nJroilranb ocHoBaHHfl onopbr.


    B e n u q u s a k " i l p H H H M a e r c rp a n u o f i 1 , 5 n p H y q e r e o c g o B H b r xc H J r t4
    ,1 npH
    yqere ocHoBHbIX vr oco6ux CLIJI.OrcrcAa [oryqHM Heo6xoAr.rrrrtrft Bec A H epuofi
    ono p br:
    n Xrk" - cF r./
    \r:-=------r n. (11,34)
    t
    Onpe4enan aHaJIHrHqecKI,IHnfl rpaQHue_cxlraKc[eHTpucnrer e pa HoAefi-
    crByloluefi R Bcex cHJt, BKrloqafl Bec onopbr G, uoxlHo onpeAeJrr.rrbHanp } K C H H C
    B ocHoBaHHHoropbr no. o6nrqHofi Qoprvryne(Z-Z).
    n nn rpy6onpoBoAa6onurueroAllaMerpa_o'6brqHo npnMeHflrorcflnpoMe yTotl-
    Hble onopbl KarKoBororHna^(psc. ll-13). Paccroflrrr.ie
    Nrex(AyonopaMH p H H H -
    Maercrr paBHbrNr1 - (4-. l0) D.
    Onoprr pa3pe3Hororpy6onpono4a paccqurbrBarcrcfl Ha AeficregeBec BOAbr
    H Becarp y6onpoBoAa (cu.rruly'" ll ff"), cn,r rpe Hr4fl, a :iaKlKecHJtbrAaBjreHr{rB e T p a ,
    cHera H T. n. Ann npoMex{yrouHofi ofiopbr cuJra rpeHufl HanpaBJreHaB ( p o H y
    nepeMeuIeHHfl rpy6onpoBoAa, npoHcxoAflrrlero rpH H3MeHeHr.rureMne arypbr
    rpy6u. floa 4eficrnueMBcex can 6erouuuft MaccHBoflopbrAoJrx(eH
    6rrrr y HqH-
    BbrMHa cABHrH Ha onpoKr{AbrBaHr{e (npu cKanbHoil{ocHoBauun).Hanp: }KCH14f
    no noAorxBeonopbr He AoJrx(Hbr npeBocxoAHrbAorrycrHMbrx.

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    Bopal xoropufi gaKpbrBarorIr orKpbiBaror B cnoKofi'nofi BoAe. PeuoHruufi samop r.rnu HTHOC
    215
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    saKpbrTr4f , TO IIpH yCTaHOBKe nOCJIeAOBaTeJIbHOnByX Ar.rCK(f,BbIXSaTBOpOB nOJTOCTb ex<AY HHIvIH
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    gro cAeJraereepxHur?3arBop.
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    Typ6unuble sarBopbl BbInoJrHslorcs 6srcrpo4eficreyroulurrla. Our.r 6rrsarcr r{JrHnoJr bro oTKpbr-
    TbII\{Hr.rJrHno.rHOCTbIO
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    nplt nHraHHlI HecKoJrbKHX ryp6uu or oAHoro rpy6onpono4a) nepeA ryp6uuHuM sarBopoM pa3Meulaer-
    ca peuoHrurrtfi sarBop. OH nossoJrffer npoH3BoAHTb peMoHT ryp6uHuoro sarBopa OCTAHOBKH
    Bcex ryp6uu, npHcoeAr{HeHHbrx r< o6ulenayrpy6onponoAy.
    flepe4 ryp6uHarvruBbrcoKoHanoprrbrx f3C craeflrcfl urapoBbreHJtll lrrcKoBbre 3a rr. Hronr-
    qarbre3arBopbr(puc. ll-8, a) ruupoxo npHMeHsrorcfl s CllIA.
    Huxe npuno4nrcs Kparl(oe otrucaHueAHcKoBoro,uapoBofo r{ lrroJlbqarorosarB p o B .
    Ar.rcxoslrft(4pocce,rrngnu?)
    3arBop(puc. 1l-18, c) cocrour H3ur.rrruHApuqecKoro Kopry c a H H a x o -
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    nonepeK noroKa BoAbr- 3arBop 3aKpbrr. !,ncxonrtfi sareop Mox{er saKpbrBarbcrrB Te yxleH BoAe
    14Mox{er 6rtft noSToMy HcIIo.IrbgoBaHB KaqecrBe anapufiHoro 3arBopa. OcHosHbrMHeAocr TKOIUSTOTO
    SarBopa flBJlsercfl llocrosHHoe fHApaBJIHqecKoeconpoTHBJrerrHeoT HaxoAflulerocf B n Ke BOAbI
    IHCKa 3aTBOpa.
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    narp y6ra UHJIUHAp
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    216
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    JrkrHprr4
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    n
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    '
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    OcHoeHbre 3aBncuMocrn rpffMoro yAapa MolKHo noflytlurb Ha rlpH e p e n p o -


    crefiuero rpy6onpoBoAa.
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    t(f + Af) (po* AP)- fPo-- Af (Po*


    + Ap)I Al - Lpf Lt,
    220
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    c t ( o l l o C T r { r r t r e 3 a B r r C t { TO T T O f O ,
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    3 a r r ] o p a 1 . t l a K C r . r N r f l , , , l b r r oO eBbI-
    f , l e F I I I e : ( a B , r l e H H t In p o i i c x o A i . l r i r p r i t i 3 \ i e [ r e F r i r r r
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    HO|O AO liy/rfl, T. e.
    Lhno"o- cuo'u,.Jg. 12-4)
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    F ( or opb l x 3 a B p e t,tfl T , 3 a K p b i Tnf 3arB ol l a eqe '
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    A a BJreH H fl.
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    A f t n n " "- AHn,reA: H - H.,: i?urlr -- - 7Ll


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    Tax r(aKp -_ T lt,"ro*:^t#. cIIrIaB'[.'IIbo 14rpy6lt


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    I Ecnu flflocKocTbcpaBHeHuflrrpoxoAnT IIa Zg Hull<euteHTPasarBoPa' to H - * z o +h .


    222
    34ecn cJreAyer, o!,.:
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    249
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    245
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    9nopHbre KoHcrpyKuuu Kpyrubrx BepruKarrbHbrxarperaroB c peaKrH HbIMH
    Typ6HHaMHo6srqHoBbrrroJrHflrorcs
    rrg x'e.neso6eronar14ro cyuecrBy fr flTOTC'I
    reueparopoB.
    Qyn4aueHraMr.r
    O y HgaueHTbrBepruKaJrbHbrxreHepargpoBHaxoAeircffnoA eosAeficrBr{eABYX
    BI{AOBHafpy3oK: cTaTr{qecKHxv AHHaMHrrecKHX.K craruqecKHM Har y 3 K a M
    orllocs-rc8: co6crBeHHblfiBec SyH4arrreuTa;Bec MerxiAyaralKHbrx
    repeK nrufi,
    247
    onupalouluxcflHa $yn4anreHr;BeccraTopareHeparopar.rBcnoN{ofarebHoroo6o-
    pyAoBaHHfl,onHpatouerocfl Ha crarop; Bec BcnoMorareJrbHoro o6o y AoBaHHfr,
    pacnoJlo>KeHHoroI{a Mex<Ayara)KI{brxneper(pblrr.rflx, !,ranaMr,rqecKH14 Harpy3-
    6yayt: Bec poropa _reHepargpa;
    r{aMr,6yayr: reHeparopa;Bec pa6overo Ko/recaryp6uH C B A / I O M ;
    BoAbr[56, c. 2871. Bec poropa reFreparopd,
    oceBoeAaBJrer.rHe reFreparoDa.-oa6o.
    pa6ou ro KoJreca
    ryp6IaHlr u oceBoe AaBJIeHHe BoAbI Bocnprrr-rurvrarorcfl noAnflTHHr(oM Heparopa.
    V noAsecl{blxreHeparopoB 3TH_ _Harpy3KH nepeAarorcfl Ha crarop reHep ropa qepes
    efO BepxHIoIo KpecToBLIHy.y soHTHtIHbrxfeHeparopoB orv Harp Kr.r flepe-
    Aarorcfl nJtH Ha Qyuaameur feHeparopa qepe3 ero HHlKHroroKp BI,IHV V,NH
    Ha crarop ryp6irHr,rqelle3 ee KpbrrxKy (cr'l. pLic- 6,10).
    Harp )13r<ttor noAreneparopHbrx cpyHlanreHroB nepenarorcfl Ha 6erosssrii
    IuaccuB 3[,aHvn qepe3 crarop ryp6r.rHsru BeprHlKanuuufi 6erouuulri Hyc orca-
    rpy6u.
    cr,learcurel?
    Hafpy3oK/B nepr4oAr{opMa/rnsofipa6orn j Heparopa
    KportreBeprr{r(aJrbHbrx
    Ha ero Qyularueur 6yler neftcrsoBarb ripyrnurnfi MoMeHrB ropu3 nranruofi
    rt,rlocKocrl{pacnoJlo}KeHuronopHbrxqacrefi craropa, a raKx(e ycuJrr{eHa ypoBHe
    eepxueri KpecroBlIllbtor Mexanuqecr(ofo H MarHHTHorone6anaucaD( opa, Boc-
    IIpHHI{MaeMoe QynAanrellroMqepes pacnopHbreAoMr{parbr.B anapufi utr pe)KHMax
    notIBJlflorcfl Lr4HaMVqecK[IeropH3oHTaJIbHbreHarpy3KH, co3AaBaeMC T O K A M H
    r{oporl{oro 3aMbrr(aHHfl
    .
    B coepeueuuoficrpourenrnofi npaKTr.rKe rr{ApoaJreKTpocrastturl c rperaTat\I14
    6onrruux tuoulHocreftygtpar{Barorcfl rIHJruHApr{qecKHenoAreHeparoHbre SyH-
    AaMeHTbI.Tanoro Btrua $1'H4atteHTrI qaue BC€fcrycrparrBarorcfl B 34 H H n xp y c -
    JIoBbIx vt npHnJIorHHI{bIXf3C c ryp6Hnarr,ru6onnuHx Ar.raMerpoB. 3naHvtnx
    AepHBaIIHoHHblxrcC ycrpal{Balorcn KoHu{ecKr.rr3 xenego6eroHHbreA H,[AMCHTbI
    HJTUMeTaJIJIHqeCKIIe OnopHbre KoircTpyKrlHr4B Br.rAenpocTpaHcrBeH brx
    Sepn
    [56, c. 2921.
    [IunuHlpHqecKHe noAreHeparopHbre Synlarrr€:HrbrflBJrrrrorcffAocr oqHo x{e-
    crKI{MI4 Lr o6naAarcr ueo6xoAuuofi conporuBJrreN{ocrbro KpyrflrluM MCHTAM.
    KoHutIecKHenoAreHeparopHbreQyHaaueHrbr qaurr3Bcero paccqHrbrBaroCfl TOJIbKO
    Ha .BepTr4KailbHbleHarpy3KIl; npH 3TOMKpyrf rllHe MoMeHTbr nepeAarorc HA }I(CJIC.
    so6eroHHyIo uILITy Mex(AyaralKHoro rreper{pbrtrrfl (nona *arrnn, r o s a n a ) .
    B raxux cflyrlaffx nilHTa nepeKpbrrzr ycrpauBaercfl ,u,ocrarorrHoN(ecr oH vt pac-
    noJraraeTcflB nJrocKocTHOrrHpa[r4fl cTaTOpa.
    Kponrenepequc/reHHbrx r(oHcrpyK[r4pi,ncrpeqarorcrrH Apyrue HAUI nOA-
    reHeparopHblxQyn4anreuroB. @yH4aMeHT e erlae,4uaccuBoBc r(oJrbrrefi lanxofr
    npHMeHeH AJIflfeileparopoB80 Mem - Ha AuenponcNofif3C prMeHr4. VI. Ile-
    HI{Ha14Ha Vcrn-KaureuoropcxofrfAC. Ang arpefaroB cpaBHrrreflbHoe6o,rltuorl
    MoIU.HocrI{ (,qo 15 Ment) HaIIJII,I npI4NreHeHHe onopHbre KoHCrpyKrrr4 B BtrAe:
    l) 6 KoJroHH,cBfl3aHHbrxNonr[eeofr Oanrofi; z) 6anox, on"pu 14XCfl HA
    creHr(HMeMAy arperarawvri 3) paMHbrxKoHcrp)/K[Hrl.
    Bce neperrncJreHHbreKoHcrpy_r{unu noAreHepaTopHbrx
    . 'nofeoeA B (xponae
    QyH4arvreHr
    ua Auenpoecxoft
    $yH4alaeHroB raVcrn-Kanaeuoropcroir
    fACi CCTKOCTH
    K CONPOTHBJIflCMOCTH KP YTflUII4I\4 MOMCHTAM
    YCTYN AIOT KOHCTPYKUI,Ig nepBbrx
    AByx rI'InoB (uunuHAPIIqecKHXvr l(oHuqecxux) u noarol,1y Moryr np I\lCHRTbCfl
    A"'lfl reHeparopoB cpaBHr{TeJrbHoHe6onnruoir N,rouHocrH.
    n.nn reHeparopoB Ha ropI43oHTaJIbHoMBaJryrllHMeHflrorcs 6anorrHbr onopHbre
    KOHCTpyKrILrr4, pacIIoJIo)KeHHbreB nJrocKocrr4 neper{pbirrrfl rvra[rHHHro 3aJra.

    13.5.BEPXHEE CTPOEHHE, MAIIIHHHHM 3A'I, M()HTA}frHAR NN()UAI


    H K P A T I O BOOEEO P Y . q O B A H H E
    tr{.auuHnnfisan H MoHTa>KHafl nJrorqaAKa npeltga3Haqarorcfl Anq o6 N C I I C H H ' I
    YAo6rmrl yggonurt aKcn,rr yaraUrarr, Mor{rax<aH AervroHra)Ka arperaroB.
    Ha ruApocraHuuflxc ropHsoHTaJIbHbrMH arperar aMr4B MarrHr{HoM s a J r ep a 3 -
    MeilIal'orctlfeHeparopbtu typ6unu c peryJrnpyrourHnnu ycrpoficrBaMgs r p e f a T a ;
    MacJroHanopnofi y_craHoBxofi,xonouxor? pefyJrflropa cKopocrr.rBpaue H f l , a f p e -
    rara I'I T. rI. Ha f3C c BepTHKaJIbHbIMI4 arperara[{H Bbrrrre rroJraruarrrgHoro 3a.rla
    pacnoJlaralorcffteHeparop H{rr4TOJTbKO efo Bepxltrflf HaAcrpofit{a.ts AIIJHHHOIU
    248
    3a,[e o6utqno pa3rvreuaForcflI(OJIOHKT{ peryJiflTopa H KOTeJT[{acJIoH nopHofi
    ycraHoBKr.I,tllrr-fbt ynpaBJrerir.iflafpefaraMrr, uuirbr aBToMal.rrr{HT I U I I I l ' afpe-
    rarFibrx co6crseFrrrbrx HV)r(A.
    i\larulttiHslfi3a.[ Mo)Ke'r6utrn noJlrrora6apnrunruc BHyrpei{i]rrr,rHp a H a M r r
    Airrl Nroiirax{a rr AeuroHTa)Karyp6un, feHeparopoB 14Apyfofo o6opya BAHH'I.
    Eo.:ibuoe pacripocrpaHeHne
    craJrurroryr{arb stallrfl. f5i c non"rnum bIN,{ MA.
    IU14HI{blM 3aJIOl\l; tIpLli'leHflIoTCf Tal{)Ke SAAHH', oTI{:ptrITOfO TIina, KoTOp e p a c .
    cMa'r'pHaalolcn B rJt. 15.

    A. Konarpyuultfi
    Bepxnerocrp,oe!{r{$r
    s.qaHxH
    B.pxHee crpoeHl{e 3AaFir.r.u f3C npeAcraBirrrer co6ofi cre}rbr H r(po nru Nla-
    IUI.iHllofo 3aila tt ltorl'ra>i<l'toiift"rIouIaAI(H. Ann no,TIlofa6ap tt'rnoro L{a H I I F I O f O
    3aila Be p x F Ie e c rl )o e ri l { e Bb rno" rrr-rfl Iorc H ecyul ti N r ri apri acoN l , IIa K O' rOp ft orl r{-
    parorcfl noAl(paHoBble6anwn NiocroBoro KpaHa (puc. l3-1). B rar{Hx AHHflX
    i\{ollra}K arpera'l'oB Mox{Ho HaLIIInarb nocJre Tofo, Kat( 6ynyr ycTaHoB,'Itrbt I(o-
    d r l o F i F lK
    b la p l { a c a , n o A K p a l l o B b l e6 a n r < u V C M o H T L I p O B al aToTc r o e o n I ( p a H .
    A;rn no,,'IHore6apltrrioroNrattrLrHHorogalra \,roxrHOnocrpoHTb o6ne resutri.r
    u a r e p a H r a p r l o r o r l l n a . B a r o l u ct , ' i y q a eB H y r p H u a T p a y c r a H a B i r r { B a e T ci f{l JIOBbII,{ l,

    K p a F I , n y r l l I i o r o p o r o p a 3 t \ , I e u a r o r c fHl a H r 4 3 r ( H Xo r l r e r r i a x 6 e r o g H o f o a c c l { B a
    3AaHI{fl. TaxHt',t KpaHotvtl\,tox(HopaHbtue Haqarb ri{oHTa)Karpefara vr aHbtxe
    BBecrH ero B 9l{cn.,'I\/aralII{rc. LLlarpbraHtapllofo rrna He noryr{HJrHpactr o c r p a -
    HeHtif .
    H e c y u l l r ? K a p t i a c B e p x H e f o c r p o e H p r f l n o , T r - r o f a d a p r l r n o r oN r a . [ r r i r - i H o r3 aila
    BblnoJIHflercfl)KeJle3o6erosnltl,t(pr'rc. 13 i) LIJrrrirteea;,rrrrqecilii\r (cir. ptic 2-t2).
    A{era.tr,rrnqecxnl't
    Iiap_r(ac Nroir(Lro
    B03Becrrr6r,rcrpee,Froori ipeot;er 6o",rrLI]e lvle-
    Ta"rI.rIa,qel\{>Neneso6erouunrfi. Lllar Ko,,ToHH HeC}il{r3ro r{apr{acal_rericNrer Ayercfl
    nlt6ttpart B coorBercrBlltl c I\,{oAV,'Ituofi c[Icre\,roil, ec"'rpi3.fo FIe Br,Ierler 3 co6ofi
    y B e" ' In q e H r4 flH l r;x q e tl Ma c c l 4 Buoi :tqacrr g,.aH vrr.. K onounbr K apr{aca, r{ aK n ABUJIO,
    A o, r I l KH b Io fl l { p a ' rb c fl H a 6 e ro nuufi Macc}IB , rrafl pi 4l ,{ ep H a 6uqxn. B ruecr x p a 3 -
    pe3K I' I 3 A a H l Ifl tu B a tu l l I{ o J Io HH brA e" ,' r?rorcflo6i rqH o ,qeortH brj vl { (puc. 13-1
    ). 3a-
    t I O u' IH e H H ei Ip Oe N l OBI{ a p l { a c a npOI.I3B oA P ITC J-K
    fl pynH eH H brMr{C TeH OB bnvrH K a M H ,
    crel(ro[Jiacrni(ollr, ryQlou, r{r.rpilr.rqoM
    H T. A. QepHttr BepxHero rrepe pbrTlrf
    _
    AeJIarorcff >Ne,teso6eToHI{btMH LUrr4rvrera,rrfltrr{ecKuruu
    (pllc. te-t). flpun,te f roTcfl
    TaKX{e u paMHble x<enego6eroHHbte KoHcrpyKr{HH, o6re4uHflioque KoJtcHHbI H
    6ant<u neper{pbrrr{fl B eAHHyro KoHcrpyxuilro (pac. l3-4). Kpoe,uro Be X H C T O
    crpoeHHfl qeJlecoo6pa3 Ho Bblno/tHflTb uz c6opHbrK 3ar{oHoJrr4rrHBaeMbrxKo crp yK-
    qut t c u e o 6 x o 4 l IM b t\,{ It ru A p o - I4 Tei l JroH 3ov' rrrrproH H brMH
    noK pbrrrrfl Mq. Ore BOAbr
    c KpOBJIpI, KaK iip&8H",-lO. AOJTIKeHOCyUeC'fB"rrflTbcja nocpeAcrBoi\4 BHyr CHHHX
    B oA o c ro K o ts , r{ T o n p e Ao rB p s i r(gg1 o6paaosaH l re B H r{ x JrbA a.

    E. Mauunnufigan
    flon lvtatrtuHHoro saira o6rt.IHo AeJraeTcfl Ha ypoBHe eepxHefi Kpe O B H H b I
    reHeparopa. tr4uor1a npHMeHflrcT (ocrpoBHyro) rlil",w(rroJryocrpoBHyro)) oMrro-
    HoBI{y, npH xoropoll nor'ITyp6izuuoro nol,reuleHufloKzr3brBaercfl
    noJroMruaru H H O T O
    gana. B SToM ci'tlqae reHeparopbr Bo3BL,IruarorcflHaA [oJror\r t4
    AJrfl n AXOAa
    K HHN,IycrpaHBalorcfl MocrnKH npHrv{epHoHa ypoBHe eoa6yaureJrfl HJLVB pxuefi
    I{pecroBHHbrfeHepaTopa.
    flepexpbrrue rroJraMaruuHHofosaila H nrosra>r<soli
    rrJroularr(HBbirroJrfleTcfl
    o6lt'IHo vg xereeo6eroHa c ulrpor(HN{ npHMer{e[{Hei\{ c6opHbrx 3JreMeHTo 14,Ae-
    ra.neit. Ceepxy no.rbI noKpbtBarorct{ nreuraxcxorlr nnrrrxoir Hlrrr crlHTerHq CKI4MH
    A eK O pa T H B H b rMr{n O K p b rT H flMH .
    Bslcora noJlHora6apuruoro ruanr{HHoro 3a,ila onpeAeJrrercfl ycJr BHffMI4
    MoHra)I{a H Aet\,IoHra)Ka
    poropa reHeparopa H pa6oqero KoJrecaryp6ar-rtr u p a H c -
    noprnpoBKnHx MocroBbrMl{ KpaHaMH BAoJrb3AaHLrn(puc. l3-20) npH Aorry MbIX
    npu6.rrull(eHusxK pa6oraroquM arperaraM u K noJry MarxuHuoro sa[ra ,3 i4.
    IIIupuna MaIUHHHoTo3afla ottpeAeJrflercflsrHMH >Ke ycJroBr{flMHc qETOM
    AonycrHMbIXupn6.rrHx{eHHfi rpaHcroprupyeMbrx MOHTa}KHbrx y3/roB K TE HAM
    249
    I
    I
    i
    I

    MAIIHHHOTO 3AJIA H O6CCNCLICHHfl MHHI.IMAJIbHOft UIHPHHbI NPOXOIA AO CbCMHbIX


    HaA reHeparopoMI n.
    rrepeKpbrrr4ir.
    flepeuoc MoFrrHpyeruoroo6opyaoBaHlirr HaA pa6orarorun\,rHaf CIATANTI4
    no3 Bo J l s e r y Me H b [rIIT b tu tl p l 4H y h{ atrl aH ]i ofo sai l a, qro H H ofA a rpe61,er cooTBeT-
    crBylouero yBernqeHHfl Bbrcorbl 3aJIa. Ecnu npe,[yclvrarpnBarb nepeH o6opy-
    AoBaHHfl c6oxy or p a6orarotrlux arpefaroB, To Bbrcora sana yr{eHbrr eTcfl, HO
    yBerurruBaercs ero rxupIIHa. B cJiyqae MoHTalKa poropa reHeparop Bil4CCTC
    c B a J ro M H a J rH r{ r4 eA By x I{paH oB no3B oJrfl eT yMeH brxH Tb B brcory 3aJ1 . ["uuHa
    Ma[rr4HHO|O SAJIa OIipeAeJIfleTCfl TIHCJIOMarperaToB, paCCTOflHHeN{ rU xAY r4x
    ocflMH u ralapllTaMu MoHTalKHofinnouaAKu. TopqoBbre creHbr He Ao"rr Hbrnpe-
    n f l r c r B o B a r b o 6 c n y x H B a u 1 4 r oK p a H a M H N p a r i u e r o a r p e r a r a n p H A o ycTHr\{oM
    npu6nwKeHI,IHl(paHa K creHe. flpnt AByx KpaHax Heo6clyx(nBaeruaflcna EHHbI\{PI
    KpaHaMH (r\,reprBafi> 3oFIa 6yaer 6onurue, qeM nprl ycraHoBKe B sAarii.r o A H O f O
    K pa H a.

    B. MonrantnannnoulafiKa
    MouraxHafl nJIouaAKa flBJIflercfl npoAoJrlKeHHeMMarilHHHofo 3aJra pa3r\{e-
    Iuaercfl o6rt.IHo B ero KoH[e y 6epera u o6cJry)Ku:BaercffTeMr4x(e Kpa M H , t { T O
    u MaluHsuttfi sail. B orAe"rbHbrxcryqaflx, HanpHMep Ha iloA3euutrx I , HHO f Aa

    5
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    G

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    a
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    Pac. 13-9. fl.nan uoHraxsofi nrorqaAKn no.nsora6apr.rrgoroMa[rHHHoro3aJra:a - n Bbe3Ae


    c roprra; 6 - npu QponianouoM,Bbe3Ae
    6.noxai M -AJIHHa MoHraxHofi unorqa4xn; I - onopa nrrbr c no, N f l T H H K O M :
    zf -.-glt:_la___ryp6uuuoro
    noroxeHue BepxuefixpecroBuHblAo ycraHoBKEHa poTop; s
    4 - Kpbrrrrnaryp6unu c pefynnpyrou{HM-Konbq,oM; 7'iarbn (u"iiO5prui-rpvro"oj MHOCTbIO
    99 d - -*fllnll"ux
    pa6oureexoabco-iipbtHlrt? _ se H s f l K p e -
    croBuHa
    "; reHeparopa;7 -- poror rerieparopoa;9-i V:lo:
    260
    I
    MOX{eTOKa3arbcfl 'te/recoo6pasHlr^r ycrpoficreo
    MOH'
    AHHe MarrrHHHOfosalra. B san'Cnuoci' Or penueQa
    na,
    lOPOXHOfi MA.IICTPAJIH H KOM',OHOBKH 3AAHHflFIA3CM
    niln AocraBKH O60pyAoBAHnfl Ae.,,raror
    Ha ypoBHe rro.
    A HHOIAA HH}KC HJILT BbIIIIC CrO. B rIOCJICAHHX
    coorBercrsvrcqHfi npoeM HJrkrcoopyx(aercfl CfiYqAJ
    Bresa Ha MoHTax(Hyro SCTaKar
    nJrorrraAKyycrpauBaercfl c(
    HnH c 6eperoBoroTopu.asAaHHnrro
    Bo3MolKHocr,u 6e:
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    NlAH(
    fa6apHTbr r\roHTa)Kriorln,ryou{aAr{H
    otrpeAe/rrrrc
    rcrr y(
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    rar\r4rl (pac. I3-g) . Ann Nrorra*Frbrx
    pa6oi ui',p.""o
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    3aBuurr o
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    FIC
    E'ONCC
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    arpefaToB AJrr{HanJioulaAr(HyBenHrrHBaeTcfl
    LrHor.Aa A
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    sAaHHnf3C.

    f. Kpanoeoe
    o6opygoBaune
    ' Hau6o,[ee rrx(eJrbrM MoHra]KHbrM
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    13.S.K(}MNOHOBKA
    3E,AHHfir3C H PASMEI4EHHE
    S;IEKTPHIIECKOTO
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    u Bcn0M0rATEJIbHbtx
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    261
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    Itpn Aerarlbnonl npoeKrHpoBaHIiH oJo paccroflHue orpeAeJrflercfl u
    rexHr{Ko-eKoHoMHqecKHX fig3ynirui'.
    pacqeroB (cr. [8, c. I 14 ]).
    272
    14-2.no[3EMHbtfiKoHTypS.qAHHfr3C
    flo4aeuuuM KoHTypoM HanopHoro rl{AporexHr.rqecKoro coopyx(eH Hn, nruHpoKoM cMbrcflecJroBa,
    Ha3btBaeTCflilAHVIflKoHTaKTaMelKAy no4oUrnofi coopyx(eHHf H rpyHToM ocHoBaHHfi. ofipeAeJlffIoulafl
    xapaKrep noA coopyiKeHnerur.B noA3eMHoMKoHrfype (puc. l4-3) aon>xua 6uns BbIAe-
    -JreHa ero QuntrpauuH
    orHocnTeJrbHoBoAoHenpoHulraeMaflqacrb a-6-e-e-d-e-itc-a-u-K,AJtkrHaxoropofi AoJI)I(Ha
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    npoqHocTH fpyHTa ocHoBaHHtl'
    qacrn, Koropyrc FIa3oBeMpacqerHblM noA3eMHbIMKoH-
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    H noIloLUBbI3AaHHfi /lO ApCHaX{llblx ycrpol'{cTB;
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    AO rripeHa)'r{Hbrx yc'fpot{cTB.

    pnc. 14-3. floAse1yrHtrii


    KoHryp 3AaHHrrpyc.rroaofifOC na HecKaJrbHoNl (c anrepnuu
    ocHoBa[vrr4
    rrouypoMu runyHroivr)
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    - 6 r t r y m - u b l eM a r b l ; 7 cynnuuo-x;
    1 1 i r H r a ,n p u K p e r r e H H a q a H r ( e p a M Hq . $ y . n A a r u e s r n o r ' rn n u r e 3 A a H H f l f O C ; 6
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    -- BgBelllHBarcuee
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    - c Hl'I3oaofi cropoHbl [I
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    B OCHOBAHHH.
    B yc"rroeurxHecKaJrbHbrx rpyHTOBnporrEroQr4JrbrpauHoHHbIe npefpalKAeHHtco cropoHblBepx-
    Hero 6ietpa ocyqecrBJrflrorcs B BepruKaJrbHbrx
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    n"Cypqot'tonnoti rpyHrax (rnnirax, cyrrluHKax), a tax>xe B crlyqae' Korl(a "li3:-T"IlI"4-91-T:-"1
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    "
    Myro soHy or BepxHero 6reQa.
    278
    lllnyuronbte pflAbr npuMeHfltorcfl B nec'{aHbtx rpyHTax, rAe poJrb r4x BecbMae$SexrunHa. a ony-
    cKaHHe c noMoulbrc nrr6paropoB ocyurecrBJrffercfl BecbMa lrpoclfo.
    B n"uorHltx rJlllHlicrbrx rpyHTax npHI\{eHeHHe unyr{ToBbrx psAoB Aax{e [pr4 HaJrHrrHH fopn3oH-
    Ta,IIbHblx rIpoHHUaeIvlblxnpocJIoeK o6ntqHo Hel{e"{ecoo6paaHo,TaK KaK llrnyHT Mox(er co3AaBaTb
    o 6 n e r q e n H u e B e p r u K a , ' r b H b r en y r l l Q u n s r p a q n H .
    I-lpn cna6oM ocHoBaHHHnepeA 3AaHHeMf3C pruor4a 6ureaer ueJrecoo6pasHoycrpoHrb noHyp
    AJIfl Toro, uto6nt yNIeHbuHTbnporHBoAaBJIeHIleHa noAotxBy 3AaHHff LrJtHI\Jtfl Toro, .{ro6H HcnoJIb-
    3oBarb noHyp Arfl yr{acrtlfl coBMecrHo co 3AaHHelr fOC B conporHBJreHr.ru cABHry.
    B nepeorvrcJlyqae noA^noHypoM He neflaercq ApeHa>Ka.Bo eropoM c.rryqae rroHyp aHKepaMH
    cKperrrrercr co 3AaHHer{f3C. Taxol:i noHyp Ha3brBaercflaHKepHrnr (puc.i l4-3). A,'rq noBbrrreHHs
    c o i l p o r u B . [ e H r r r a H K e p H o r on o H y p a c A B H r y i l o A H H ] \ rH H o r A a y c r p a u B a e r c r r j l p e H a i K . A n n H a n o H y p a
    cocraBrrer o6brqHo ue 6o.nec (1,5-2) l/. llouyp Kpenr.rrcrrKar{eHHorlortrocrxoii HrrH rrocpeAcrBoM
    yr{JraAKr.r
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    yr(loHbrJ*. w KonrpoJlH1{f;ffi""r6illyrc npoqHocrb rpyHra Qunr,rpauuoH uorlnpoqH ocr HHe-
    c K a J r b H o f oo c H o B a H H f fc p e A s n f tn o
    AJIHHenoA:ier\rHofoKoHTypa nbe3o-
    u cooDvx(eHHtx Merp uqecxnrt yx"noH Ao/'I>KeH 6srru
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    cnofi ocugBaHHtr K,'IaCCa t. BenuqsHsr
    Jw. t no CIJU|I II-Lt. 12-67 npu-
    BeAeHbr B ra6a. l4-1. Cpe4Hrarl
    rrbe3orvreTprrqecr(Hfi yKJioH paBeH
    f,ruHa 0,70 0,80 0,90 OTHOIXCHHrc MAKCHMAJIbHO|O HA-
    Cyr,runor< 0,35 0,40 0,45 flopa K pacr{erHofi 4"nnue [oA3et4-
    flecox xpynuufi 0,32 0,35 0,40 Hofo KoHTypa.
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    n p e i . n a r a e r o n p e A e , I f l T bp a c q e r H y l o . ( r ' I I ' i H K
    , va K c ) ' M M a p H y I oA J r l r H yK o H T y p a e , 6 , 8 , . . . , rc (6es
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    Hanopa Qn,rrr,rpaul'loHHofonoroKa npu Bxofe H BbIXoAe.Be"rHqi,rHaI npe4craBJrser co6orl cpeAHee
    paccToqHHeoT no.[orrrBblcoopy>KeHunno npaKTltqecKr4BoAoHenpOHHUaeMOfO fpyHTa, T. e . AO BOAO-
    ynopa.
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    Bbrnopa rpyHra HHx{Hero 6reQa.
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    Hut 3aKJlloqaercs n ycrpoficrBe IIeMeHTaUHoHnofieaeecbr H BeprHKaJrbHoro4peHaxa. Hs nepru-
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    B npan,rrorHHHoMsAaHHHf3C, pac[o.[oxeHHoM Ha cKaJrbHoMocHoBaHHH3a 6eroHHorl'nnoru-
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    $u"rltrpaqgoHHoe nporriBo-
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    1 4 - 3 .p A C r { E T byrC T 0 R q H B 0 0 T H
    w npoqHocTH
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    .
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    A. Facqer ycrofiqHBoGTH BIaHHRf3|C Ha G.qBHr


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    274
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    Mo}Ker r4r\{erbcyue-
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    ocHoBa*vrr
    (peruourHuft c"tyuafi)
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    r rburapnai oqeuxoqHuHf to ee c e x ' c l r f l H a p a c r { e r H y r o r n o c K o c r b c A B H r a ;
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    cocrogr
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    _
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    t (y4e,rrrHoe cqenJrerirHe);Fa - nJrorrlaAb
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    278
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    - M C H b [ I C H H C I \ , I.
    V
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    p o r r y H H X { H e r o6 l e Q a .
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    Y
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    JrHHLrfiKoHTaKTaMeN(Aycoopyx{eHueM H cKanofi, npoucxoAr4T npr{ croJrb r\{aflbrx
    4eSopuauuflx, IITo BbI3bIBaeMaflvruLrpeaKuuff rpyHra co cropoHbr HHx{HeFo6neQa
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    corleraHHr yponHeft BepxHero v HH>KHero6ue$on, trpH Koropbrx xoe$SrluueHr
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    AJrfl CKAJIbHOFO
    276
    H , H e c r i a J r b H o r oo c H o B a H u f i . C u n u , B o 3 H H K a n u r H en p u n p o n y c K e p a c q e r H o r o
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    277
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    278
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    279

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    286
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    287
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    = 250 nitlcerc; n : ti8l3 o6/nuu)

    40,50

    MAKC ' '" /9,80

    iri H610,50

    l0 A. c . u { a a e a e s 289
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    v 268,0_
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    -254,0

    a qC 3 r " n s( Q p a r r u u n )( H : 8 0
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    fscA;.til::lT.il1H"t:lrr,,
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    cbeMHbIMHKoJI-
    naKaMH, cAeJIaHHblMHO6ntqHo LI3 MerafiJla.
    290
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    B ycJroBufl.xliaaepeggoro
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    afperaroB, rrp,u Koro-
    291
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    r 3bct E
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    qro cocraBHr oKoJIo 15% N{orrrHocrr.r Bcex rr.rApog,rreKrpocraHqnfi
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    q [LIseqHu, HopBerHH, Kaua4e, VI"ranuu, lI]eefii{apv7, f^nonuu, IOroi.rraeug
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    no 475 Mem (ra6"rr. 15-I ). B CCCP 4eficreyrcr 7 noA3eMHbrxi3C, MoutHocrb
    Koropblx HaxoAnrcfl B l.rara3oHe 35-226 Mem npu H : 2A - 330 ,v. KpynHefi-
    ureft 6y4er I4HrypH f3C (ra6n. 15-1).
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    Anpenarrr
    HafituenoeaErie
    Crpa ua r3c

    I4cnasus 1962 139 750 Cf t25


    Mercnxa r967 tL2 720 4 lB0
    Ancrpi.rn Cipourca 820 720 8 90
    Ho e . 3 e ra s A n n r970 2t0 700 7 100
    Ho p n e ru x 1968 445 640 4 t6c
    lOx. Po4eaua 1961 95 600 6 100
    IIInqqHn 1959 ID 520 A
    T 130
    Hpau 1963 180 520 8 ' 65
    83
    Q p a u rl n a PoeeneH(Earu) t96l 1200 500 6
    fnHHeq Cynnrra 1961 165 480 .t r20
    IOroc"[aeHs Ay 6 p u e Hr t n r965 272 432 A
    t08
    I{tanns fp o s n o t96l 600 428 4 t07
    LUeeirqapua Hen4a: 1960 950 366 6 6l
    Ancrpa.rrnr faruer I l 955 340 360 .tA 90
    Pytuurnlra feopruy 1966 324 220 4 55

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    292
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    293
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    294
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    2KeI{HflB sHepfOCHCTeMe H yMeHbrIr4TbrrorepH sHeprHpr B 3JreKTpOCerflX. f]pra
    p a 6 o r e B p e l K I 4 M ec u H x p o H H o r o K o M n e H c a r o p a ' r y p 6 n H aB p a u a e r c f l B x o , ' r o c r y r o
    B Bo3Ayxe, a aJIeKrpHqecKaflMaruHHapa6oraer rrepeBos6yx<4eHHbrM aJreKrpoABH-
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    pe)Kr{MBo3Mox{eHB re AHH H r{acbrcyroK, KorAa,[aHuuli arpefar HAOC ue pa6o-
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    noJrb3oBaHaB r(aqecrBe 6rrcrpo4ericrnyrcuero anapufiHoro pesepBa aHeprocu-
    creMbt. Ecna HA3C ue pa6oraer, To Bcr ee Moul,Hocrbno reHeparopaM flB"rrsercfl
    pe3epB9Y,_B^ nepuorXbtpa6ortt B HacocHoM pex{HMe pe3epBHpyroulaflcnoco6-
    Hocrb HAOC noBbrrlaercfl. IIpt aBapHH B cucreMe B arr{ nepr4oAbrarperarbr
    6lrcrpo ilepexoAflr H3 HacocHoro B ryp6uHulrrt pexr{M, H pe3epB ilorvrraercfl
    paBHbtM cyMMe MoulHocru, norpe6,rrssuerics Hiacocaruu,H MourHocru reHeFa-
    ropoB.

    ycTAFtoBflEHHofi
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    HASC
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    xonoii Bblcor(oMaHeBpeHHofirvrouuocrr,r.oJr_eKTpocraHur{fi or foAa K roAy Bo3pacraer. floaronry upn
    eur6ope ycraHoBJreHuor?il{otilHocru HAOC HaAo yrrurbrBarb orAaJreHHyro nepcneKruBy. fluxn da-
    rpy3KH Mofyr noKpblBarb rHApocraHrIHH,HacocHo-aKKyMyJrHpyrouue gJrer(TpocraHrruH,rasoryp6nn-
    Hbre craHrrufi, cnequa.[bHbre nHKoBbre K3C.
    HacocHo-aKKyMyJIHPyrcurueo/reKrpocraHuHH,o6uquo He:Tpe6yrcT Bo3BeAeHHsAopornX nJroruH
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    ruApoeJreKrpocraHufy, ^llorToMy npn oAHHaKoBoMHanope crogMocrb oAHoro ycraHoBJreHdoroxu-
    JIOBarra MOilIHOCTH HASC .4p nO.nyuaercq 3HarILITeJrbHo M€Htrlrre,qeM AJIfi rHApocraH[HH.
    O6rtuuo, qeM Bbt[Ie Hanop, TeM MeHb[re KaK cpeAHqs croui,4ocrb .A., rax u cror.rMocrb dr Ao-
    noJIHI4reJIbHoroKrlJIoBarra HA3C. V BucoxoHanopHbrx H,,A,3Cnpu 6naronpHErHbrx npupoAHbrx
    yqtloBHflx crol'tMocrb ycraHoBJIeHHofo KgJroBarra.4p no.nyqaercq MeHbrrre,r{eM y renJroBbrx gJreKTpo-
    crauuuri.
    tIP" saAaHHoM_-vpaBHe B pexuMe 3Hepronorpe6.rrenuflB oHeproclrcreMe yBerriqeHne ycraHoB-
    neuHofi MouIHocrH HAgC cBs3aHo c yBeflnqeHHeMAJrHTe.[bHocrr.r ee pa6orsr (p".. l6-3) ll uoerol,ry,
    o6H.IIro rpe6yer yBeJrHqeHHrr 3arpar no BceM ee coopyxeHuflM u o6opygoBaHuro, BKfltoqafl yne"uu-
    qeHHe eIlIKocrH BepxHe_ro.H
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    HoBJIeHHotituourHocrn HA3C BXoArr KanvrraJrbHbreBJrox(eHHfl: l) no yBeJrHqeHHroeMxocrra 6accefi-
    uon; 2) no BoAonpHet\'{HlrKarra, rpy6oy-p.opqAaM, 3AaHHro u otsopy4oBaHuro HA3C. llpn erou croir-
    -cpe1ueft
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    Iuocru Ar xunosarra ee ycraHoB"{esuofi MolrlHocru.
    VeenHqeHHe or_roAa K roAy IIHKoB gHeprocncreMbr no3BoJrflerc reqeHuer'vr BpeMeHH
    {alp_ygKH
    HcnoJlb3oBarb Bce 6o,utruyio MotqHocrb HA3C a.nq noxpbtrHfl nr.rKoB 6es yBeaHqeHHq eMKocrH
    p$epByapon. B raKot\,tc"[yqae ornaAaror 3arparbr Ha yBe/rHqeHHeeMKocrr.r6acceftHoB, crouMocrb
    AonoJIHHTeJIbHoro KH,rloBarraMotilHocrr ey HASC craHoBuTcs MeHbureH pagHaqa Mex<AyAy u a,
    yBeflIrIrHBaercfl. OAsaxo rarafl ronoJIHI4TeflbHaq MorrrHocrb rlroxer 6urru lrinonrsoBaHa Aar rroKpbr-
    THg n_HKoBHarpy3KH JILurb qep-e3 HecKoJrbKoJIer, KorAa nlaKH craHyr 6o.nuue H ocrpee.
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    Nt nepnofi ouepe4n FIA3C. flpune4enHble oarparbr 3r Ha r(onoJrHHTeJrbHbrfi xn.lonarr Mor.qHocru
    Bo3pacralor noroMy, rITo xax4ltfi AoloJrHl4Tenuuufi ry6ouerp eMKocrH rpe6yer sce 6oflrruHx KanH-
    TaJroBJroxesuri.
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    3m
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    H H R B X O A L 4 TB Q " , T a K K a K a f p e f a T
    K,aHarry
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    ,"";;;
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    YBCJIHTICHHH
    B oHeprocrzcreMeHe MeHserca. flpla 3ToM B ypaB-
    3 H a q H T e J I b H y0n p o u l a e T p a c r r e T b r .

    1 6 . 4 ,A T P E T A T bHI A S C
    P a s f l H ' { a r c rr p H o c H o B H b I xC X e M b ar f p e f a r o B , y c r a H a B J r r . r B a e r , rH
    h raxH A 3 c ( p u c . l 6 - 5 ) : l ) p a s -
    IeJIbHafl ycTaHoBKa KOHCTpVKTHBHO He cBfl3aHHbrx npyr C npyrorvf AByxN{aUlHHr{brx afpefaToB,
    T' e' HacocoB, coeAHHeHHbtxco cBoHMH3JreKTpoABr.rfareJr fl.Mt4,t4 ruaporyfi6uH, coerlr.rHeHHbrx c fe-
    Heparopaun 1; 2) rpexivrau14HHaflc HacocoM u ryp6unori, yciuiroun."norr4H
    Ha oxHoilr Barry c cHH-

    d) 6)

    =- QT

    Qr- 7
    Qr*

    I
    Q,

    Puc. 16-5. Cxevrbl BeprHKa,'IbHbtx arperaroB, ycraHaBJrnBaeMbrx na HASC: a - p a 3 A e . r r b H a qc x e N r a ;


    o - Tpexi\rauHHHas cxerua; 6 - AByXMa[rr4HHafl cxeMa
    ./ - eaextpoABHrarena; 2 - o6p,arHMaq cHHxpoHHar 3JreKrp[qecKafl MaurHHapeBep-
    c H B H o r o 4 e t ' i c r s u a ; 4 - ;o;6_pr na{rP
    . nour a
    enHeparop; 3
    rxApoMaqrnHa (uacoco-ryp6riHa); 5 - ecicHBaroqe-orcacbrBarcularr
    6 - uy6ra cqerneHyll";Jf#lri#%.ril.?
    tpy6a Hacoco-ryp6uHu; 8 -'orcacbrBalouras
    rpyoa; e :-;;A;;

    xpoHnoft 3JI_eKTpuqecxoil uauruHofi; 3) leyxlrauHHHaq c o6parrurr,rofi


    rr.rApaBJrH,recxofi
    uarunuofi
    (uacoco-ryp6uHofi),ycraHoB.nensofi Ha oAHoMBaJryc cHHxponrnofienexrpuvecxofiuauruuofi.
    flpu erolt.B rpex- H AByxMaruuHsoft cxeMaxHcnoJrb3yercs csoficrnoo6paruMocrucuHxpoHHofi
    3reKTpHrlecKotiMaIITHHbI, pa6orarcu1efinonepeMeHHo To KaK sJreKTpoABr{rareJlb,
    To KaK reHeparop,
    H peBepcHBHoro AeIicrBHs,T. €. BpauIeHHflB nporl{BonoJrox{HbrecropoHbr.
    A. Pas.qenuHan
    cxema
    PasAeflrHascxeMa ycraHoBKlaarperaroB nplrMeHsJracb Bnpenb Ao nofiBJreHilq
    AByx ApyrHx
    cacreM. B nocneAHeeBpeMffB cBfl3l{ co crpollre.[scrsoM HA3C, HMerouluxABa Bepxriax 6ac-cbfina
    c pa3HoftBblcoroftnoAKarIKH,a raKx{e xou6uur.rpoBaHHbrx ycraHoBox |3C-HAOC-u npHMeHeHHeM
    pa3rurlHblxno MourHocruarperaroB, pa3AeJrhHafl ycraHoBKaHatcocoB u 'ryp6uu cHoBacraJrapac,
    rrpocTpaHflTbcfl.
    !,nn pas4eltnofi cxeMhlxapaKTepHbl BbIcoKI4eHanopblH ycraHoBKaKoBruoBbrx ryp6un. Mour-
    Hocr! ruAporyp6uH npu pa3AeJlbHoft cxeue noKa He npeBbfitraJra70-80 Mem, a pacxoAbr-
    l0 ttslcerc:npI{MepaMH B aroMorHoureHuHcJIy}KarHASC I-lpaurep Bo OpaHuun u TupQel e IIIseft=
    u a p H H( p n c . l 6 - 8 ) .
    Ha grrcoxoHanopHuxHAOC ycraHaBJluBalorcfl B 6onurusucrBec/ryqaeBMHorocryneHqarbre
    Hacocbr(ao 8-9 cryneueri), ocnoeuHbreAtrfl HanopoBao 1000 tt u 6onee. Hanpuuep, Ha l3C-
    HAOC Peficcex-Kpofiuex8-cryneuuarble HacocbrpaccqHraubrHzrHarop 1070 a. Kax,aas cryneHb
    MHofocryrreuqarbrx HacocoBpaccrlHTblBaercs
    Ha npeoAoJreHrre Hanopa, KaK npaBHJro,s. 100-
    200 u, a LIHorAaz 6onee- Ao 250-275 u. Tlo sapy6exubrM AaHHbrMoAHocryneHqarbre Hacocbl
    paccqurbrBarorcrr Ha rrpeoAoJreHue Hanopa 4o 400 ,u [70].
    KoeSSuuueur 6ucrpoxoAHocru AJrfl o4Hofi crynenu Hacocil paBeH:
    3,65nlf[
    tls: Lr- , ( 1 6 -1 )
    / Hto
    rIle n -cKopocTb BparqeHl.Ifl,o6lnuni Q" - pacxon,Hacoca, ut\/cerc',Ho - AllHaruuqecxnft
    Hanop
    o4uoft cryneuH, ,.r.

    I !,ononrHo 'racro B TexHuqecKoftJIIITeparypeory cxeMy Ha3bIBaIorqerHpexMaurl4Hl{off.


    307
    qepe3
    KoeQQr4UueHrKaBHraUun A.rtq HacocoB MoX(eT 6rtrl BbIpa]KeH
    ^ 3f-;
    - 2 2 0 ) . 1 0 -Vo
    o: (180 . (t6-2)
    "?
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    l{acoca.
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    sHaqeFrIrE;1,'t'I I{oHl(perHofo rvna Hacoca npHBoAflTcflB KaraJlofax.
    Tpex'
    liuorocryneHlrarbre HacocbrHcnoJrb3yrorcflAJIn ycraHoBKH Ha llblcoKoHallopHblxHA3C H npfi
    u auruHsoii c x e l u e .

    6 . T p e x u a u H H H a oHx e m a
    pIJIHBeprHKaJIbHol\{BaJIy ycraHaBJIH-
    llpr-i rpext\{auIliriHoii cxelre na o6ulenr ropH3or{TaJrbItoN{
    B a p r c f l T p r . rM a u g g b r - uacoc, ryp6nua H c H H x p o H H a r o
    r J I e K T p H q e c t ( aIf\l ' l a [ I I d H aK, o r o p b l e c o c r a B '
    'ro e ryp6uHHoM, To B HzlcocHoMpe>KHMe.
    Jrrrc.r elusL,rri arperar, pa6orarourr.ui
    f I p r . r i o p u e o i r a n t r r o i i x o u n o H o B K en o c e p e , q H Hyec r a H a B J r H B a e r ccf ll t H x p o H H a t 9 J I e K T p o M a u j u H a ,
    pa6orarourar ro B reHeparopHorr, To B ABurareJrbHoMpex(HMa)(., j^lioropofi xecrxo coeAHHeHaryp-
    6rru, u Hacoc coeAuHfe'I'cl qepe3 My$ry cllenlleHnfl (prEc. l6-6).
    Brrcoruoe noJrolKeHHearpetara onpeAeJrsercs HacocoM, Aafl Koroporo no_ycJloBHflM6ecranu'
    qeM AJIfl Typ-
    TarrHoHHoirpa6ortr ueo6xo4urr,ro6o"nuuee earny6JreHue rroA ypoBeHb HI4>KHero6seQa,
    6HHlr. floerol,1y npH Bepruxanusoli KoMnoHoBKeBHLI3y pasl\{eqaercs Hacoc, BbILUe Hefo ycrpaH-
    Baror Myqry cqerrJreHgq, saret,r pa3Meulaercl ryp6vra H Ha caMoM Bepxy HaxoAHTcfl cI4HXpoHHafl
    arreKrpr.rqecKa.fl Maur.{Ha(pnc. !6-9).flpz pa6ore a ryp6uHHox,rpex<HMeHacoc orKJI}oqaercfl, a B Ha-
    cocHoM pelKr.rMe, uo us6ex{aHne6o,rrrurux norepb, BoAa Hs cnl4paJIbHoftxamepH ryp6uHbl yAaJlflercs
    c rroMoulblo c>KaTofo Bo3Ayxa.
    Bpeun nycKa g rreDer{Jr}oqeHrrs r{3 oAHoro pex{HMa pa6orur e 4pyrofi o6ltqHo He npeBblL[aer
    0,b- l',5 nuu.. Btr6op q"c.4a o6oporon H rro Bo3NroxiHocrnuala(5o,ree onrHtrila.IlbHblx ycJloeufi pa6otrt
    rvp6uHr,r H Hacoca rpexNlauHHHO|O afpefaTa lo,'iir{Hbt npoH3BOAI'lTbCtnapaJIJIeJIbHO, TIOCKO/IbI{y
    c cr4HXporrsoi.r a.nexrpoMa[rusofi o6uqHo npH oAHHaKoBoM r{HCJIe
    ouu Oyayr pa6orarb rra oxF{oMBaJry
    o6oporoe
    flprarr,Iepul HA.3C, nocrpoeHHbrx c rpexN,raurHHHblr\{H arpertlTaMH, oxBarblBarcTuHp_oKHxAuana'
    3 o H r { a n o p o B o r 5 0 a o 1 0 0 0 , 1 2 ;p a c x o A b r s r n x a r p e r a r o B n o x a H e n p e B b l u I a J I H3 0 - 3 5 u 7 l c e r c .n o
    Hacroflulefo Bper\leHunpuMeHflJracbycraHoBKa Kat{ KOBTTIOBbT:f,, TaK V paniHailbHo-oceBbtx ryp6un,
    Ho renepb nocrreAuue npH Hanopax ao 400-500 a B Tpexx{auruusoti cxe}Ie npu_MeHqlorcflpex{e,
    locKoJrbKy 6o"uee npocrbfi u gxoHol{raqHofi fln./r.flercr AByxIvIauLIHHatIcxetvla c o6parlrMbllul'l qry!-
    irtu"r. flp" 6o.nguux xone6auuflx ypoBHfl HHX(Hero 6ieSa, xapaKrepHblx nrfl _MHorHx HAOC,
    aQ$exrrannbcto KoBtrroBbrxryp6uH cHuiKaercq no cpaBHeHHIoc peaKrI4BHbtMH ryp6unarnlt. Konuro-
    nlre ryp6untr ycraHaBrrHBarorcfl HaA HaHBbIcrIIlM ypoBHeM HH>KHero6reQa, Hx Hanop onpeAe'
    Jrqercs paaunuefi orMeroK BepxHero 6se$a n KoBua ryp6uulr, ttogroMy B IIepHoA noHHX{eHHblx
    yposnefi HI{x(Hero 6te$a Hanop ryp6uu He yBeJIl4quBaercfl.
    B conpenaeHnbrxycJroBHflx np14 Haflopax Bbrure 650 n Bo3Mo]KHaycraHoBKa roJIbKo KoBIIIoBbIx
    ryp6raH H Heue6exHa rpexMaurlrHHafl t4lfi pagryeJlbuaffKoMnol:IoBKaafperaroB, TaK KaK KoBIxoBbIe
    r.
    ryf 6uurr He Moryr pa6oraru B HacocHoiupexuttle
    Hau6o.lee MoulHbre BepruKaJlbHbre TpexMaruHHHbre arperaTbl c KoBtuoBHuu ryp6HHaMI{ ycra'
    HaBJrr,rBarorcfl Ha crporuteficrr oqeHb xpynnofi HASC JIaro ,[[,e,.rno- no I30 Mem, a ropH3oHTaJIb'
    Hirre c paAr.raJrbHo-ocesururu ryp6lru-auu pa6_oranr -Ha xpynnefiruefi Lts tIHcJIa 3Kc[JIyaTHpyeMbIx
    B Mlrpe-HA3C BHaHAes - ro 100 Mem (ra6,rr. 16-l).

    B . . [ e y x m a u n n n acnx e r m a
    fiuyxrrlaurplHHaff cxeMa npeAycMa'rpHBaer ycraHoBKy o6patultux arperaroB, T. €. oAHofi ru-
    4pan.rrraiecrofi NraurHHbr- nacoCo-ryp6lrnu, coeAnHen_sofi_ c cuux_poHnofi 3JlexrpoMaruunotl
    (p".. 16-12 u 16-13). HcxoAs H3 onrr.rMaJrbHbrx ycnonufi pa,6ortt typ6uHsr H Hacoca, noc.ne4uuii
    AoJr)KeH6tr.n 6tr HMerb cKopocrb Ha l5-250/o 6onsure HJIH npuMepHo Ha croJlbKo >xe ueuurutlfi
    pacxoA. flocxo.urxy y o6parurtlnx arpefaroB Hacoco-Typ6nna flBJIflercfl ennHblM ueJIbIM, nu6op
    onrsrtnannHbrxycJroeuri ee pa6oru KaK B ryp6ttuHoM, TaK H B rlacocHoMpelKHI!{aXcTaHoBI{TcfcJlox-
    noft gaAa,IeI?.
    Ecnn opl{eHTupoBarbcfl Ha onruMaJrbHoequcflo o6oporon s o6o}ix pe}KHMax, To Heo6xoAHMo,
    ,rro6nr e.rrexipuuecKa.rrMarxHHa r\{orJrapa6orarr npl.l AByx cfiopocrtlx BpauIeHHq. Ha HecKoJIbKHx
    HASC ycraHoBJreHbr raKue AByxcKopocrHbreMarrrnnbr,Koropble, oAHaKo, He noJIyqHJIHpacnpocrpa-
    HeHHs, TaK KaK oHH HMeror 6o.nr,ruera6apurlt, Ha 40-60n/o Aopoxe oAHocKopocrHblx' a K. n. A.
    LIx MeHbIue Ha 2*30/0.
    !,pyrun,1 pe[reHneM Bonpoca qBilqercq npHMeHeHHeHoBbI:Ko6parnnaux rl{ApoarperaroB, HMelo-
    Itux Ani pa6ounx KoJreca- HacocHoeI{]yp_6HHHoe.\__"*-qHcJIy oruocsrcfi, B qacrHocrll, arperarbl
    runa <<I,Isbxupu,ycraHoB.rreHHbre Ha HASC Po6neii e lllsefiuapvr v rurla <foHo, 3anareHToBaHHbte
    s tlexocfloBaKar t691.
    O6paruuue ai.perarbr [oJryqHJrHtrrHpoKoepacnpocrpaHeHfle, TaK KaK HX croHMocrb no cpaBHe-
    HHro c TpexMarrHHHbrMHarperaraMH yMeHbuaeTcff Ha BeJIuqHlHyAO 20-300/o, a SKOHOMI"Ifl B [eJIoM

    1 flosennucb cBeAeHHfi o6pa-


    l\{HorocryneHqaTblx
    o paspa6orKe3a py6exorrrBbtccKoHanopHbIx
    rl{Mbrx Marrr?IH
    (uacoco-ryp6uu).

    308
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    \ 1
    ^uj^ \ J
    \"i-? \EO
    nUFl o$ir.

    t{,t \

    Puc. 16-6. HA3C Hra4epeapra c rpexMaruHHbrr\u.r (fAP)


    ropn3oHra,rbHbrMll arperaraNrH,pacflo-
    nox{eHHbl\rH tt' :
    ="i8,T#i*"}:l"yfrstiulf,,;,':t:':"#.Fj,jlo?logi2':',;n2'5 Qr
    1-'scacuBatoqafl r p y S a H a c o c a ; 2 - H a c o c A B y c r o p o H H e f o n r { T a H H n ; 3 - c o e 4 u H H T e J I b H a rw y b r a ; 4 -
    c H H X p o H H a q g r e K T p o M a r x r . I H a ;5 - p a g u a J r b H o - o c e B a x r y p 6 u u a ' , 6 - o r c a c b l B a l o u { a q r p y 6 a r y p 6 u u u t ; 7 -
    f H A p o n o A ' b e M H r 4 K8; - r o s r o e r t f l i x p a u 4 n n o 6 c . n y I K H B a H H r3 a r B o p o B H p e u e r K H i 9 - n a 3 p e r r l e r K x H p e M o H T -
    H o r . os a r e o p a ; 1 0 - 3 a r B o p o r c a c b r B a r o u l e frtp y 6 s r : I 1 - u a p o e o f i 3 a r B o p ; l 2 - r y p 6 H u n u t f i r p y 6 o n p o B o A ;
    l3 - uacocuutir rpy6onpoBoA; 14 - rpyunoaoit Hacoco-:fyp6uusuft rpy6onpono4

    309
    rro 3AaHHroHASC c vqeroM crponreJrbHbrxpa6or - Ao 15-200/0. K ocHosHbrM HeAocrarKaM
    o6pa-
    THMbrxarperaroB orHocrrcfl HecKoJIbKonaeururufiK. n. A. n 6o"neenJrHTeJrbHoe
    BpeMEnycKa H
    nepeBoAaHx B npyroft pexuM, Koropoe Mox{erAocrHrarb 5- l0 tluH.
    Hacoco-ryp6nHu B coorBercrBnnc HcnoJlb3yeMbrM HarropoMMoryr ornocuTbcffK paAuaJrbHo-
    oceBoMy, ,HaI.oHaJrbHoMy I4JIH oceBoMy TH[y-
    Pa4uanaso-oceBbre Hacoco-Iyp6nurt oxBarblBabr uupoxuft nHrepBaJr HanopoB, npuMepHo or
    30 ao 500 u, v Ha'uuralor pa3pa6atHsarrct .(JIfl elue 6oJree BbrcoKlrx HanopoB, npeBbrrrrarcErrx
    500-600 u. B ocBoeHI{H paAnaflbHo-oceBbrx Hacoco-ryp6nu ,[ocr]rHymr 6oltruue ycnexH. IIpo-
    nycr(Hafl cnoco6socrb LIx cbrture 100 nglcerc crana o6nuHofi, na crpoflulertcs s CUIA HAAC Axo-
    Kaccu oHa cocrannr 220 uslcerc n na .IIalHHrroH - 350 u\lcerc (ra6n. 16-l). Ha HecxoJrbKux aMe-
    pHKaHcKHx HA3C Ar{aMerp Hacoco-ryp6uH cocraBtrfler 6,5-'7,2 u. I{ounocrb arperaroB Ha He-
    cKorrbKrrx oKcnJryarrrpyeMbrx H crpoffrltuxcfl B pa3Hbrx crpaHar( HAOC cocraBJrse"r200-250 Mem,
    s CIUA H Benuxo6puranuu paspa6arbrBarorcs arperarbr Morr{Ho,crbro300 Mem H Bbrrrre,a rJrs,npoeK-
    rupyenrofi e CIIA HA3C PaxxyH-.N{ayHrHH - MorrlHocrbro 45'0 Mem. 3ro HMeer 6oasruoe 3Haqe-
    HHe, nocKeJrbKy crposrcrr Bce 6oaee MorrrHbreHAOC t6O 1. Ocuosurrru [reAocrarKoM paAuaJrbHo-
    oceBbrx Hacoco-Typ6uHrBJlsercrr 6o.neeHHsxldfi r{. n. A., ocoSeHuo npH 3HarrHTeJrbHbrx xo,[e6aHHqx
    Haflopa, uro o6ycnoBJreuo )KecrKo 3aKpenJreHHbIMItJror]acrfiMr.rpa6ouero KoJreca.
    Eonee coBeprueHHbrMH flBJrflrorcfl nHaroHaJrbHbre Hacoco-Typ6uun, HMeror[He troBoporHbre
    Jronacru (pnc. 6-l), uro no3BoJrflernyreM H3MeHeHHsyrJra nx nonopora B HacocHoMpexHMe H3Me-
    Hrrrb pacr{erHbrri,usauetp pa6overo KoJreca H TeM caMbrM ttpu rrocroflHHoM rrr.rcJreo6oporon pery,rrn-
    poBarb Hanop u pacxoA, coxpaHsff BbrcoKLIe3HaqeHufl K. n. .4. [TepexoA H3 HacocHoro n ryp6uHnufi
    petKHM Aocrnraercrr H3MeHeHHeMHanpaBJreHurrBpalqeHllfl H yriJla noBopora .uonacrefi.
    Ha pnc. 16-7 naua opHeHTHpoBoqHarr yHLIBepcarrb:nafl xapaKTepucruKa MoAeJrHAHaroHaJIrHofi
    noBoporuoJroflacrHofi uacoco-typ6rEHrr. I(oop4uuarbr nt o6/uun u Ql, ttlcercnpHHflTbITaKHe >xe, KaK
    rr p.lfl o6uquux ryp6uH (cru. rn. 6). Ha xapaKTepI{crHKv HaHecreHbr Jrr{HHHpaBHbrxK. n. A. H orKpbl-
    rufi as HanpaBJrsroulero aflflapara H yrJroB g lloBopora Jronacrefi pa6overo KoJIeca. Tax KaK KaBH-
    TarruoHHbreycJroBHq oKa3blBarorcff 6o"neerflxeJrbrMa B HacocHOMpex{HMe, To xoe$$uuueHTbl KaBH-
    TaTIHHo AaHbr roJrbKo AJrfl ororo pex{HMa. flpu nepecqere xapaKTepr{crux n,rrfl HarypHbrx MautIH
    noJrb3yrorcn QoprrryJlat\{H no4o6llt, npHBeneHHbIMHB rJI.6. IJpu erou 4.rir ryp6l4HHoro pex{HMa
    Mox{Ho orpaHflriHTbcfl 3KcrrJryararruoHtiofixaparirepHcrHKofi 1_l-:^f (H, N), a nJrfl HacocHoro pe-
    xuMa [e.necoo6pa3Ho HMerb raK]Ke xapaKrepucruKy T : f W, Q).
    floxa 4uaroua.ubHbre Hacoco-Typ6unu ocBoeHbr H oKcunlrarHpylorcfl na HA3C n 4ualasoHe
    HanopoB 25-140 tt ri rrpr eAnHHqHofi nroquocru arperara I.o 85 Mem, Aocrl{rHyrofi Ha HASC
    TaxaHg-l (ra6.n. 16-1). O6parraubrerr4npoarperarbr c oceBbrMHHacoco-ryp6uHarvrH ycraHaBJIHBalorcff
    Ha HecKoJrbKHx HH3KoHanopHbIx HAOC ne6onuuofi MoutHocru.
    OnpeAeJreHHe Aonycruuorl Bbrcorbr BcacbIBaHVfl, Hacoca.
    V HacocoB KaBHTauHflrrpoflBrqercfl y BxoAa a pa6ouee KoJreco. Bo r.rs6exaHue3HaqHTeJIrHoftxaBH-
    TauHH Bbrcora BcacbrBaHuffHacoca AoJrxHa 6btrr He 6o"nuue Ao[ycruuofi senuql{Hbl. Bucoroft sca-
    cbrBaHHfl cqHTapT paccToffHr.reno BepTHKaJTI{oT ypoBHfl Bo,libr B Bo4o3a6opHotr,tp$epByape Ao:
    l) our ropH3oHraJrbHoro ueHrpo6elKHoro Hacoca; 2) cepe4uHbr BxoAHbrx KpoMoK Jlonacrefi'pa6overo
    KoJreca (neprofi cryneHu MHorocryneHqarbrx Hacocoe) Bepr,aKaJrbHbrx ueHTpo6ex(Hblx HacocoB,
    3) oca uanQ .uonacrefi pa6overo KoJreca BeprllKaJrbHhrx.oceBblx Hacocon.
    ,flonycrlruy]o Bbrcory BcacbrBaHuflB o6u,rHstx ycJroBnflx npu TeMrleparype BoAbI+20'C uoxso
    onpeAeJrHTb rro 3aBHcHMocrIr:

    H s : 1 0- -FA/zr-h., (r6.3)
    900
    rAe V - a6co.morHafl orMerKa pacnoJrolKeuufl Hacoca HaA ypoBHeM Mopfl, tt; Lh1- H36blro,IHrtft
    Hanop BcacbrBaHr.rfl,npeAcraBJrffIoqufi co6ofi npeeuureulre y,4e.nrHofi sHeprrlu^x(HAKocrLI nepeA
    Bxo.(oM B Hacoc HaA AaBJTeHHeM napoo6pa3oBaHl{s npI,I AaHrilofi reuneparype; p - xoeQ$iluneHr
    gamaca, xoroprrrl AJrfl oceBbrx HacocoB npldHnMaercs paBHbrM 1,15, a AilA [eHTpo6e]KHbIx 1,20 u
    Ao 1,40; hw7 noTepu Hanopa Ha BcacbrBaHl{e,Koropbre oflpeAenslorcfl B coorBercrBuH c ycno-
    BLIffMH HCITbITaHHfl IIIOAeJiH HaCOCa.
    Ecnu npH KaBHTarrHoHHbrxr.rcrrbrraHr.rrxMoAeJrHr,{aHoMerp 6rrn npucoeAHHeH B KoHqe tpy6u
    HerrocpeAcrBeHHorrepeA pa6ouuu KoJrecoMHacoca, to h. AoJnKHo 6urn paBHo norepflM Hanopa Ha
    BXoA Bo BcacbrBarouyrc Tpy6y n noTepsM Ha scefi AJTLIHe rpy6rr.qo pa6ouero KoJIeca Hacoca. B noc-
    JreAHeeBpeMfl npH HclbrTaHHflx MoAeJrHHacoca MaHOMerp IIpHcoeAHHfleTcsB caMoM HarraJleBCaCbI-
    sarcqeft rpy6rr. B raxux clyqaflx hw HaIo ilpuHLIMaTb paBrIE,IMToJIbKo noTepflM Hanopa Ha BxoA
    n rpy6y, T. e. [OTepsM Hanopa B peuerKax, na3ax H T. n. BenuqHHa Ah1 3asHcHr or rHIIa Hacoca
    u r.r3MeHrrercflrIpH H3MeHeHHHpex(HMa eio pa6OTbI.
    ilnn oceBbrx HacocoB, KaK w \ls, ruApaBJrr{qecKux ryp6rH, qacro noab3ylorcfl $opuynofi
    ,[. Toua: Lh1: onpH, rAe oKp - KpHTHT{ecKafl BeJrr{rIHHa xoaQQuuueHta KaBHTaIrLtu, coor-
    BercrByroqaff Haua.rry I{aBHTauI{H; H - Hanop, Jvt.
    (oaQQnuHeHTbr KaBLrraqHH onpeAeJrfirorcfl B pesyJrbrare .n:a6oparopHbrx HccJreAoBauufi uo4e.nt
    Hacoca u HaHOCflTcflHa ero yHHFepcaJIbHyIo XapaKTep.ilcTHK'f' nOCTpoeHHyIOB KoopAHHaTax ntt
    peKoMeuAyercfl
    Qi 0"c. 16-7).Aas ueHrpo6eNuuxHacocoB C. C. Py4nena:
    $opmy"rra
    I n --\ 4/3
    L h :1t o l * v q )' :,
    \ u /
    rAe C- xoes$uquenT 6brcrpoxoAHocru.BeTHIIIIHaC oupe4e.nflercflB p$yJrbrare
    KaBRTaqHoHHbrfi
    810
    %1,, ',

    700 rt/cex

    qUU JUU OUU T UU II/ ''C^


    2OO JUU

    xapaKTepucrnKao6paru,r*lofi
    puc. l6-7. VHr,reepcaJrbHafl uauruuu (Ha-
    rn4paenH'Iecxofi
    coco-ryp6nHu); a -l gac6csufi pe)KHM;
    f - typ6nusrtfi pex<I'IM
    na6oparopHblx I'lccJ'IeAoBallllil [{oAeJll'tHacoca u B 3oHe MaI(criMaJrbHoroK. n. A. rraxoAHTcs o6br!{Ho
    B n p e A e J I a x8 0 0 - 1 0 0 0 . , [ o n o n s t l o q a c r o y H H B e p c a J I I ) I I a xqa p a K T e p H c r r . r KHaa c o c a c r p o r . r r c r rB K o o p -

    rrr'iHarax Ku: (+)" fo- 9, , o . B e d ' r H q H H, ia,' u n p u t r a B r r r e r c o 6 o f i n p H B e A e H H o K


    e oAHoMy
    \ ar, I fttc
    r l e r p v A H a n t e r p al r o A l l o r l y N l e r p y H a f l o p a , { H c " ' r o _ o 6 o p o r o B c e K ) / H A y . H a r a K y r o x a p a r { T e p H C T H r { y
    BMecronuuufi paBHbrx xoerfrtpuuuerrroB o p r J r +C u a n o c s r J r v H H n p a n u n r x x o e 4 $ n u l E e H T o BK t ^ n :

    : - #Ah
    -, ( c t n t .p ! l c . 1 6 - 1 7 , [ I r p u x o B b r c n u u u u ) . 3 a e c r q e p e 3 n . o 6 o s u a q e H o
    n1D" AJrr Hacoca qHc.lo
    L

    o6oporon Ii ceKyllr'ly. fJc; elul't xosQlq]raUlleIITal\t I\Iox{ilo onpeAeJrrirbBe"[r]qrriryrasstrrorlHofo Hanopa


    BCacbtBaIIt.ltt A ht: Ktt,n''. D'2 Lt 3arervlno Qopnry,rre(16-lt) norlcrlirarrr gorrVCryNrylo Bbrcory Bca-
    c b r B a r r H q .B e , r u . i l . r n aH r : i a B l . r c H To T p e i K r i M a p a d o r l r H a c o c a .
    , VIs paccMorpeHlis Bo3l\{o)Kubtxcoqera uuft H, H HH3l\LrXorxreroK Zgg lpctvHn BoAbr B BoAo-
    s a S o p u o n ap e 3 e p B y a p e ; \ r o i l t H o o n p e n e , ' r H T br \ r p r H r . r M a J r b n yar, ct r e 6 p a " u . i n " y . ' . y r r y H,+"i;;,
    I(OTOpaqOnpeAeJIIITBbICOTIIOe nOJIOlKeHI4e HaCOCaaHaJrofr{qHoTorly, KaK 3TOAeJraeTCfllnn rypaiu
    (clr. puc.6-25). OAr-iaxopa6o'ra c noJloiKure.ryruolieucoror;'{BcacbrBaH}.lfi cr{HTaercflHexenarenruofi.
    T. K. flepeA KaxiAblrl nycl(oM Hacoc HaAo 3aJluBarb noAori. floerolry Hacoc o6rr.rHo pa3rueuarcTHr4xe
    ypoBHt BoAbl n nolosa6op.l9q.p-e3epByape .ua>KeB Tex cryrla-qx, KorAa rro ycJroBHsM
    r(aBr.rrarlgH
    B b r c o r a B c a c b r B a H H fllc r r . ( 1 6 - 3 ) ] n o n y u a e r c r n o J r o x n r e l l i r o f i ,

    1 6 - 5 .F | A C 0 C 0 - T y p E H H H8b0t.E4 0 8 0 [ b l
    FIa BLlcoKoHallopttl',txilA3C noABoA Bonbr or, Bepxi{el'o Bo,,roxpaHr.r"[r{u{a r{ rr.iApoarperaraM
    nporl3RoAllrcfl Ha.noplrblxlrllyfisnOoBoAor,t(crl. puc. l6-l ra l6-6), a ;.ilfl nor13e1.{r{brx HA3b -'1,,toni-
    Hei:i (cu. prlc. l6-? sronarr >Ke, a ulrorAa no apyroMy BoAoBoAy BoAa noAaercrl
    _llo HacocaMg H3
    I{r.tx{HefoB Bepxuur'i 6acceiiu. I-lpH pasAe,'ibrrolir I'gl2iosxe,iyp6rruHlrx r_lHacocHbrxafpefaroB 1vro}Ker
    6rtrr ycrpoeu rpynroBotl BoAotsoA4,rrl ryp6uurii,rx ap.yibri fp),rnoBoit no4ono1 - - - AIrfl HacocHbrx
    a r p e r a r o B . B o s t t o i t ^ , H bHr A p ) r r u e c x e M b r H a n o p H b r xB"o A o B b g o e( i r r . p r r c . l 6 _ d .
    B ycrauoBl<ax c rpexMatuHIIHbII\iHarperarar,rH Ann [oABoAa BoAbr x ryp6irHe u
    AIrfl noAKar{KE
    BoAbI Hacocon'{B BepxHI'lfi pesepnysp c;y;114r oxttH H Tor }Ke HanopHurii ioAonoA,
    ^orop"ril'HMeer
    orBerBJIeHHflx ryp6urre LI K Hacocy Ha erux orBerBd'rel:rrsx garBoprr o6rruuo
    ,vcraHaBJ,rr.rBalorcff
    u a p o B o r o r l l n a ( c r i . p u c . I 6 - 9 ) . I - I a n o p u t t f i n o l o B o n o c y u e c r B , r r r e r c f l B B r r A er p y i l f i o n u x
    urroJleH
    It"rrHrpy6onpoBoAoB' Korop_b_Ie
    _r{gryr 6rtrr u vHAVBvrryaJrr-,FrbrlrH rJrfl Ka}KAoro arperara. Ha no-
    crpoeHHblx H crpofltllHxcH HAOC orlloueHHe AJIHHbT BoAoBoAar{ Hanopy xo.ne6.nercflB rnHpoKt{x
    lHotueHr4(3 He npeBbr[ra"qob-0.
    rMerpa BoAoBoAaD3n npoa3BoAr4Tcflno H3Becr-
    pasuor? BeJrHqHHbr pacqerHofi crolmocrr norepb
    )e>KI4MaX,
    recK.o.fo Hacoco-ryp6r.rHuoro arpe-
    r a r a H a y r l a c r K a x c 6 o n u u r n u u H a n o p a N I HB M e c r o ( l l - 2 9^irpy6onpono4a
    )^npnu^eHnercr $opruyna:

    Du,r:'ifryC*zr*
    m, (l6-4y

    rAe QH-_cpeAHeKy6lrqecr<ur.1 pacxoABolbr, tu}/cerc


    B HacocFroM pexir{NreiTr, _ cpeAHeroAoBoerrficflo
    qacoB pa6orlr Hacoca; sH - pacqernafi croHr\,rocrb
    norp€:6n;rerr,rofiu".pi"",-'p-frj@rh.;i, ,l;-
    K. n. .4. B HaCOCHO]\{ pe}KHMeB AOJrrrXeAHHr.rrlbr.
    o c ra n s ' rre o 6 o s n a q e H Hre
    r x{e,' qro u n Qopvry.rre
    (' l l -2g).
    Enn HHAliBHAyaJIbHoro rpy6onpoBoAaHacocHoroarperara HrieeMcoorBercrBeHHo:

    (16-5)
    ['rra pagrlaJlbHo-oceBbIXryp6lru TpexMa'uHHHoro arperaraJrpHil,reHflerc' cBoff orcacbrBaloilrafl,
    a nrr'l Hacoca - cBofl BcacblBaloqat rpy6a (clr. pac._16-9). flpu ycraHoBKe
    KoBtxoBbrx ryp6ran
    orBol BOAbIOT HHX npOI'I3BOAHTCfl JIOTKaT{H-KaHaJraMH. llpr,r 4nyxlnaruuHssrx o6parg*urx arperarax
    rporol{HbIii rparr: Hacoco-ryp6uutt flBr'ttlercfl eAHHbrM- c,rcacbrBarcurafl
    rpy6i iyp6ranur inVrnri
    raKlKe BcacbrBaloqeli rpy60fi uacoca (cri.r.pHc. 16-12, 16-i3).

    1 6 - 6 .T H n b t 3 . q A H i l RH A S C
    B SaBI4clIMocrl'Ior MecrHbrx npripoAHbrx
    pa3luepoB)rcrauaBJII4BaeMbIX __yc,,roBur?,Franopa, THnoB rt
    arperaroB 3AaHus HA3C rvroryr crpor.ptcfl pa3JrHrI-
    HbIX rHIIoB.Kportae HeMHoroqHcJIeHHbIX npr.rMelloBpycJroBbrx s;1a11i4,ioanpr-
    HHMaIouII4xcpaBHHTeJrbHoHe6orbuHe Hanopbt, IIpHI\reHflrcTcrr npHnJrorgHHbre
    3na*ur. Hau6oJlee MHoroqHc,reHHoI?rpynnorl^"rirorrcfl 3AaHHflc
    IqI4N'lI{
    rpaKTaMI4B BI4A€HanopHbIXTpy6onponoAorBHJIIIIlToJreH,
    T. e.";A;;;;;:;';;--
    Ha[oMHHaro-
    312
    IrIHe 7AaHHflAepr.rBaurroHHbrx
    f3C. 3naqureJrbHo€rpacnpocrpar{eHrreHl,rercT
    cr]e_
    HASC _ noJryorr{pbrrbre,nofl ynox3eMHble
    ur4a,lbHbrerHnbr 3AaHr.rr:r
    non3eMHbre. H OCO6eHro
    I Cne[u$uxa sAaHlrllHASC onpeAeJrflercs
    rurioM rr r{o^rnoiloexori
    arperaroB,
    a TaKlKg yc/IOBI{fli\lHnoABoAaH OTBOAa BOAbr,ocodenHo 6o"rbrrrHMr{ xone6auHflMr.r
    yponuefi HH)KHefo6leQa, ,Koropr'rena6,rrcAarorcflHa
    MHOI-UxHASG npu HanoJrHe-
    yyy^"^onopoxHeHl{H HI'I>KHero 6accefina. D.ns BblcorHoro pacno,ryox<eHr4r{sraHprfl
    HA3C onpeAe/lflIourni\{flBJIrIorcfl HH3KHeorMerr(H r-ra}r1r-rero
    6le6a r{ Aorryc rHMafl
    Bblcora BcacblBaHI'1fl Hacoca. f]p" 6o.nsruux xo,rye6asusx Hux{Hero 6te6b p.,Ko
    Bo3pacraer crolll\{ocrb Ha3eMHof o 3AaHI'Ifl, ocHOrBSHIIe I(oropofo tIpHX6ALITCfl
    3HaqareJrbFro 3af.t \,6rqrt.
    crouMocrb no,nser'IFrofo gAaHHt floqrli He 3aBI4cHTor ero BbrcorHoro
    no.noxle-
    Hr4fl'TaK KaI( ra6apI'lTblcaMoro i\'tatuttHHorogalIa npH
    Aono,Tr{rlTe"nbllor\,r
    sarny6,ne-
    H I { } I I ] C H 3 M C H f l I O T C f l I , I ] ' O " T I b I ( OH C C I { O J b I { O
    Y B C , I H q I , I B A C T C f lX . ' I I I H A H I , I S O B O | O B O A O -
    npoBoAnu{efo Tpar(Ta. E"naroAapfl groMy rroA3er\lrlbre
    3Aar_{rrfl
    cocraB.rflror oKoJro
    noroBHr{br nocTpoeHHbrxB rroc.r€AHeeBpeMfl H-c]]loqttu.rxcfl
    FIA3C c Hanopal,{rr
    or--!6 n (HA.3q-Toppe,\oHB Vlcnauuu)Ao 144j,tyt (HAOC Currn,p_nlr,ein.nr
    e lUeefiuapuu). Kpynuel?uiI'IMI4 HAOC c roA3eMr]brMpacno.roxierrpreM MarurlHHoro
    saJra flBJIflrorcf : BBoAiII\IaffB 3r{CnJr,yaraur.rrc
    s tr4tanuil HASC ,IIaro {e,rlro Mor{-
    Hocrbl.o I u"itu. KBrn,-crporurllecr e CIIA HASC PaxNyH-IlayHruH
    MouruocrbK)
    l.,35 MJIH. KBr'Li{ HoprQuJIbA - 1 vr.us. Ks_A:_lpo_exrr.rpveMasMouresyr, -
    'l
    I MJrH._ KBm, crpoflura.scfl B Ancrp aJrLrHHAOC' Tarr,rei l l _ i . rcBm
    ,b n,tr,,r
    H A p . t 6 91 .
    K o t u n o H o B K a 3 . x a H I I f l H A 3 C c ) , ' u r e c r B e H H os a B r 4 c H To r r r i n a r . i p a 3 r \ { e p o Ba r p e -
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    p o i t r p y n n u l r y p 6 u H ; 3 - r p a H c S o p v a r o p H a n a l a ; 4 - r p a w c $ - g p u a r : o p l r ; ' i - u . p " . u i i , ? eApr nn o r r r
    fpynrrbr co
    c A B o e H H b I MKuo B t r r o B b r vrl yr p 6 u H a u u ( N l : 3 X 8 0 M e m - n p u H ' : 1040 n u e_: l0 nslcirc): 6 lj uacoclr
    (l/:2 X 16,5Mem nplr H:542 ttu Q^:2,8,+t3/cerc); Z - arperarblBropoii rpynnu coAr{oKorrecHbrMg
    KoBIuoBb{Mtttyp6uuaMH(Nz:2X20MemnpuH: 480nt rer: b u r / c e r c ) ;g - t r o n r a t * i r { a f l r r J r o u l a A K a

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    y xoropofi cnailbHafl Bbr"rroMKa ^nn MarugHHoro galta, 3a HcKJr[oqeHHeM cauoft
    'HHX{HeI?qacru,
    Hl\{eer Qoppry noJIyttHrHHApa c AuaMerpor4 26 Jil (prac. l6-8).
    313
    CueqeHHe ocH arperara B cropoHy BepxHero 6reQa.,no orHorrreHgroK ocy MaurHH-
    HOrO3aJIa, B AaHHOMCryqae no3BoJIHJIO yAaqHo p:l3MecTHTb
    rJraBHbrenoBbruarc-
    Uue rpaucQopMaropbl BHyrpu sana, c Ha3oeor? ero cropoHbr. Cneuae HqHbrM
    fl BJrfl eTCfl HalruqKe AByx Han op Hbrx BoAoBoAOB-
    KOflJTeKTOpOB,p a3BeTBJr
    fl roIrIHXCf
    Ha noAXoAe K AByM rLInaM ryp6raHHrrxarperaror3 14K HacocaM.A.ns HA3C,
    pa6orarou{ux ro/IbKo Ha rtepexar{Heaelror?BoAe, BO3Mox{HonpHMeHeHHeo6ulero
    HanopHoro BoAoBo,u.a H ueJlecoo6pa3Hoo6opyAoBaHlHe oAHorHnHbrMH ryp6uHnbrMH
    arperaTaMH.
    6 , 3 . q a n n n H A O C G T p e x M a u H H H b t MaHr p e r a r a m n
    H a u 6 o " r r l u r e f ic n e q H s u x o l i ' o r n u q a t o r c n 3 A a H r 4 nH A S C n p g T p e x r { a u H H g b r x
    BeprHI{aJIbHblx^arperaraxc paLraJtbHo-oceBbri\rri ryp6rrual,tu. Hanopr-rbrerpi,6o-
    nlloBoAbrHA?C B eroM cryqae Ha roAXoAe r{ 3raHHro cra}{uriH AoJr}KHbr pa3Ber_
    BJIflTbcfl,uto6lt ocyilIecrBuTb pa3ne/tbHbtecoeXHHeHHflc 11,p6uHofi H Hacocor\,r.
    VcraHaerHBaeMbleHa oTHX orBerBJreHl{flx3arBopbr ryp6uu" H HacocoB rpe6yrc1
    )/BeJIHqeHI'1fl txHpHHbIMaIrIHHHoro3aJra B cropoHy BepxHefo 6nesa (prac. 16-9).
    q. _ tlp, BeprraKadrrbHoM BaJrearperara rpe-
    , =--F-ffiT 6yercr riaK>Ke )'|Berl.Ir{eFrueruHpHHbI
    1 f 3AaHnr v B cropolry uH)KHero6neSa
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    o6rrq-
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    ueir rp,vdsrryp6uusr H BcacbrBaroueri
    Tp),6nr Hacoca. PagrvreuieHr{eBcacbr-
    earoueli 'fP)'6lt Hacoca noA oT'cac.br-
    earouerlrpt,6orirvp6uritr 3HaqHTeJrbHo
    ocJo> K H qer K oM[or{oB Ii \/ H ra> N uefiga cr r . r
    3A al r.rfi , oco6eH uo B Tex c,,' Iyqaf lx,
    KOfAa t4i\{etoTcfl ABe BCaCbtBaIOU,t4e
    rpy6si A JIfi A B ycropcH Frefo rH raHr , r f l
    Hacoca.
    Oc"'rox.HeHufl B KoMnoHoBKe3Aa-
    Hr4fl HA3tl 3Har{HreJrbHo yMeHbruarorcff
    npu ropr43oHTaJrbHbrx TpexN,{auHHHbrx
    arperarax. Ha pHc. 16-6 roKa3aHo
    P r ac.1 6 -9 .3 a a u u e H AOC @ e c ru u uor (B enl l xo- pacnofloxeHHe TpexMarxHHHofo fopH-
    6pa'raunn) c rpexuaulrHHbrMraBeprr.rKaJrbHbrr\dn 3OHTa"rrbHOfo arpefaTa, ocb KoTopofo
    arperaraN{Lr(H : 320 u; ffr : 4 X lS Mem; pacno.qolxeHa nolepeK s1aHvrn. t{acro
    Q : 19,0 ullcerci n: 428 o6luun)
    npHMeHfleTCfl npoAo,rrbHoe pacnoJrox{e-
    , f - H a c o c ;2 - r r r a p o B b l e 3 a r B o p b r ;J * c u u x p o H H a ,
    s J r e K T p o M a u J H H ,4a ;- - r v r o c r o n u f ix p a u ; S - p a ( u a n t _ HHe oceilarperaroB, Koropoe oco6eHuo
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    -_ BbrfoAHo lt/rfl noA3er\rHbrxz1auufi, TaK
    'rpy6a:
    o r c a c b r B a r o q a q -r p y 6 a ; 8 - e c a c s r B a r o u l a , K a r ( c o K p a u a e T U r r , r p H H VB b T J T O M K H ,
    9 - ruySra cqen.rreHr.rs
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    ruefi Hs AerlcrByrorrruxHAOC BuauAeHAJIHHa af pef ara cocraB,'rfler 2B Jvt, a
    o6uas rJruHa MauHHHofo sananpla 9 afpefarax rvloulHocTbrc no 100 rlrc. KBm
    paBHa326*t. flpo"rer cBo.la cocraBJrfler17,5 u, a NIaKcHNIa,r'rbHafl Bbrcora Bbr-
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    30 U.
    H a p H c . l 6 - 1 0 I I o K a 3 a Hp a 3 p e 3 n o A 3 e N , r H o r \o, r a u n H H o r o
    3 a J r aH A O C 3 e r x u n -
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    Qoptuty. B KoHKperHbrx reoJroruqecKHx ycJroBgrx
    HA3C 3exruureH npoa3BeAeHa ycuJreHHaflueMeH,rauuflH
    aHKepoBKa cKaJrbr,
    qro nO3BO"rIHJIO nO BCeMy I{o-HTypyMarxr4HHOrO 3aira cAeJrarb cpaBHHTe,rrbHo roH-
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    Hblx arperaroB' o6c.rryxl{BaeMblxcHapyxn ycraHoB/reHHbrMH
    Ko3JIoBbrMH Kpa-
    814
    (THoe sI.artne HA3C feeruraxr. B Opf
    )II{IIHbIX ATPC|ATOBC
    PAAHAJIbHO-OCCB'IMH
    IMLI MOCTOBbTMH I{paHaMHr OCyl{gcrBJreHa
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    ^^
    c b r n r ( at 7 0 1 .
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    sefiuefr oqeHb xpynHor? ycra-
    HoBr{i{ Mo}Ker cJry>xuru HAOC
    ,Ilaro fe,rruo s Vianvv, rra r{o-
    ropor? ycraHoB.reHbr BeprH-
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    faTbi c r(oBtrroBbrMHr-lP'uuawu
    (ra6;i. 16-1). O6uras Bbrcora
    no.13er\4Hofo3LaHHn AOCTHfaeT
    Ha aror? HAAC nor{ru G0 u,

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    (cna.ra6.rr. l6-1)
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    315
    8 . S A a n n nH A O GG o f i p a r n m b t n ral tr p e r a r a m n - :

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    316
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    317
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    r .- noeoryHue; 2 - noaHonyHLre;t - cerBeprb; UHKI H HaqHHaeTCfl ntOpOrl IIHKJI pa6O-
    4 - nepurefi;S - nepeaHoBoJryHHeM TbI nOC. B TerIeHHg OAHOpO IHKJIa
    n3C ABa:)r(Abr
    ocraHaBJruBaJracr.
    CneAo-
    BaTeJIbHo'
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    cyToK oHa.6y[9r OcTaHaBJIHBztTbcn4pasa
    PaccuorpeHusrfipexHM pa6otu n3C xapaKrepu3yercflnpr{MeHeHHeM Hacoc-
    Horo aKKyMyJIHpoBaHHflgHeprHH. Ha npHJrHBHbrxoJreKTpocraHquflx K. rr. A.
    HacocHoro aKKyMyJIHpoBaHI{flnonyqaercfl 6oanue eAHHHrlbrnoroMy, rrro Ha-
    'cocbl [epeKaqHBalor eoAY rtpa
    He6oflburux HanopoX, a ryp6uHa r{cnoJrb3yer gry
    eoAY npl4 SHaqHreJIbHo6onrrunx Hallopax. 3a cqer HacocHoro aKKyMyJrHpor,allr
    nupa6orKa aHeprHH nOC yBenHrruBaercflua 5-8,%0.
    Ha puc. 17-2 turpHxoeofi ruHuer? noxa3aHbrypoErHHBoAbre 6accer?He6es Hacoc-
    Horo aKKyMyJIHpoBaHHfl,KorAa arperarbl |ISC par6orarcr roJrbKo n ryp6uHHoM
    pelKHMe HJ\H croflT. flper aroM nepuoAbr npocrofl crzHoBflTCfl 6o.nee npoAoJrlKr{-
    TEJIbHbIMH H HANOPbIOKA3bIBAIOTCfl MCHbUIC,TICMilPI{ UCNOJIb3OBAHHH HACOCHbIX
    pelKr4MoB.
    PaccnaorpeHHblepelKHMbIcrrllTalorcs 6agucHbrMrl.BcneAcrBne MaJrbrxHarropoB
    Ir rpyAHbIX ycJlonuli ctpoHreJlbcrBa sHeprufl nOC o6trquo noryqaercs Aoporbrl.
    K rouy x{e, qacbt BOJIHnpHJIHBaH orJIHBa o6brrrHoHe coBnaAaror c rracaMu nHKoB
    ,e/IeKrpHrrecKHXHafpy3oK. Pex<uu eJleKTponorpe6n(3Huff xapaKrepHsyercfl lrpeH:
    HHM U BerIepHI{MTII,IKaMHHarqy3KH, BpeMf Hacryn,ireHHfl Koropbrx o[peAeJrflercf
    coJIHeqHbIMKaJIeHAapeM.IISC xe nlrpa6arblBaer aHepfurc rro JryHHoMy K&JreH:
    322
    Aaplo H qacbl ee pa6oTbl ex(eAHeBHocMel11arcT1fl,,
    rrT0 OqeHb He6JrarOnpHfTHoAJrs
    SHepfocHcreMbl.
    Ann o6ecneqeHufl elKeAHeBnoirpa6otu il3C e qacbr nHKoB Harpy3r{r,lseo6xo-
    AHMO3a[a9arn raxofi pex<HMpa6oru HacocoB, uro6E,rB qacbr npoxox(AeHufl nHKoB
    Hafpy3Kr43HeprocHcreMbr ryp-
    6unat n3C r.rMeJrHAocraroqHo
    6o"rrnruofi Hanop. llpu oroM
    uau6onee rsx<e.ryofiflBJrflercfl 6accein
    pa6ora n3C npu npoxo)KAe-
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    T y pH b rx ri p H J rH B o B.

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    Puc. I7-2. Cxeua n3C @) u qI,IKrr(6) pa6oru oAuo6acceirHoeofin3C c o6paru-


    MbrMHrr.rApoarperaraMuABycropoHHero4eficrnua
    f - uapeorpaMMa; 2 - y p o e u u B o A b re 6 a c c e r ? H ef I 3 C n p u H a c o c H o Ma K K y M y n u p o B a H n u g H e p -
    runi3 - ro )I(enpupa6or" I -vI - nepuoAbl
    pa-
    "?ffiii;"d%et?&3;*5gi"''I"fi:''KaMe;

    (€ Bbrpa6orxaaHeprHHpe3Ko
    llpu pa6ore nOC Ha nuKax rpaSuKa HarpysKr.r
    cHl{>Kaercrrro cpaBHeHr4ro
    c paccMorpeHHbrM
    paHee6,agucguMpe}KHMoM,nogroMy
    uuKoeHll pex(HMpa6orlr nOC Mo>KeronpaBAarbcr B peAKHXcflyqaflx.

    17-2-Bb]BOP
    NAPAMETPOB
    fl30
    Hazsrtcruufi ypceeub BoAhr e 6accefiHe LI MaKcHMaJrbHoBosMox{Han aupa6orKa gHepfulr n3C
    olpeAeJrsroTcfl npHpoAHbrMH ycJroBHsMrr.
    Ba.rrosofi gHeprernqecxufi rroTeHrruaJrnpLIJIHBHoro6accefisa, T. €. noreHuuaJrbHylo eueprurc 3n
    trpH HcnoJIb3oBaHHH nceii aMlrJrHTyAbrHanopos or H: 0 Ao Honu*" H K. n. A. arpefaroB Tl: 1,0,
    onpeAerrflror no Qopuy.ne:

    3n: l,97AZpFk, ( 1 7 -1 )
    r4e 9r, - floreHulaa[Ibnafl,ouepruff B MJIH. KBm.uleo); Acp-cp9\Hflfr aMnaHTyAa (xo.rre6aHr4eypoB-
    uefi no4u B qefioM 3a nepzoA npI{JII{Ba H orJrvrsa), u; F - rrJrornaAb 6accefisa, Krtzi ft<1,0 -
    6espasrr,repnnrfixosQQuqueHr, yuurunanquft H3MeHeHHenJrorrtilAn 6acceftua (k: 1,0, ecJru rrplr
    II3MeHeHHHypoBHs BoAhr n 6accefiue rrJrorqaAb sepKaJra He MeHrercn).

    323
    -lexsnqecK'
    B o 3 M o x { H a f le s r p a 6 o t x a o H e p n H Hc y r { e r o M K . n .
    A . a r p e f a r o B , B e . r r H q 1 4 Hf ibcrn o f l b _
    syeMblx HanopoB fi pacxoAoe (rexuu'{ecxufi noTeHIrHa.r)cocraurfler
    ' npuyepno 30Zo
    rloreHul{a,ra' Blrpa6orxa eHeprHI4 nOC 3aBHcHr or: a) cxeulr ngc - d4no6accefiHoear ";-;;;;;;;
    ;leyx6accefiuooaa; -onFlocropoHHero vrr.
    .HJIu ABycropoHHero 4eilc'rea n: 6) y.tuilur.""on MourHocrH;
    e) or peiKr,rMa pa6orol - 6asucuatfr u,rlH nr.lxoenfi. ".
    vcraHoeneHHaq MoLlrHocrbfI3C esr6'paercq Ha ocFroB€) TexHr4Ko-gKoHorlr,qecKofo
    HecKoJIbKI'IxBapHaHToR-'flpu eron'r yr{HTbtBaercfl, qro B cucreMe,. cocrogurer? cpaBHeHHg
    ras oAHprx renJloBbrx
    3JIeKrpoctauunfi npH 6asHcHoIl pa6ore n3C no.ryqaercr uaulonlnt
    sHepr,r., 6es
    BbITCCHEHH'I MOUIHOCTH HOBbIX TCNJIOBbIX SJICKTPOCTAgIIPTii. "--u'iiprolt*u
    llpu nnxoeoti pa6ore n3C BblrecHflei\las HMH l,{ourHoclb reuroBbrx oJreKTpocraHrrr4fi
    onpeAe-
    JIfleTCflnpH npoxolKAeHHH I{HIrHMaJrbHbtx^r(BaApaT\/pHbrx npu"rrHBoB.Kar ornaeqaJrocbpaHee, ,,pg
    nHxoeol:i pa6ore nupa6orxa 3HeprHu fl3C ol(a3brBaercs 3Har{r4TeJrbHo MeHbrre, qeM rrpH 6asuctrofl
    pa6oTe.
    Ecnu B cncreMe HMeercr H[rH HaMeqaercfl K nocrportxe peryJrnpyrcuas
    raApo3JreKTpocraH_
    UHfl' To B pacqeTax Mo>KeTyqi'rTblBaTL'cfl
    BbITecHeHIIeI\,toUIHorl'tH
    TeIrJroBbIX.trt11rurl'B;r;;;;;t
    qaqx !'Irfl nAC npeAycMarpHBaercn.6asucuas pa6ora,
    a llSC ocyulecrBJrrrer Koi\{rreHcgpyrouree
    pefyJlHpoBaHI'Ieeltpa6orxH 3HeprHrEll3C. A.rrq Sroro Ha nocrpoe"rtfi
    fOC ao.rr>xHaHMerbc, cBo-
    6o[uan MourHocrb' a Ha BHoBb crposuel?cq foc roJrx(Ho 6r,rrr npeAycMorpeHo
    coorBercrByrouee
    yBerHqeHHe ycraHoeJreHHofi Mou{HocrH. Be-ttHqLIuaBbrrecHseuoil nroulHocrr,r
    noflyr{aerc, uau6ons-
    [refi npra^IIO-JIHoM
    KoMneHcHpyloggq perynupoBaHHri eupaSorxr{ oHeprr{u fl3C'r, .rro4uqecxp*i
    Mecsu (29,53 cytox) v pa6ore fOC ua nlrKax cyrouuoio rpaqraxa HarpysKg.
    B npeABapHrerlbjblx Plguerax JI. E. Eepururefiu c,rHri.i rrpHHHMarb ycraHoB-
    JreHHyro MorrtHocrb n3C IZ I ]: "orooox{HbrM

    Uy : 250A!oF,rc^em, (t7-2)
    a roAoByrc nslpa6oTKy 3Heorar.r:

    3 : 0,67. rcialon, K1fft.tt. (17-3)

    17.& ATPETATH N3G


    Hau6o;ree [e.necoo6pa3HbIMHarperaraMu r\Jrr,npHnr]BHE,rx gJreKTpocras[uftcrrgTarcTcao6pa-
    THMblearperarbl ABycropoHHero4ettcrnur. Arperarbr AoJI)r(Hbr pa6oraru B ryp6unnou p.*ri*
    npH ABHx(eHI{H BoAblH3 Mops e 6accefiH.r'l o6paruo. B HacocHoMpe}KHMearperarbr
    Tarb_npH rrepeMeureHHH 4o.nxHi, pa6o-
    BoAbrHs 6accefiHaB Mope H oSparuo.
    Ha nocrpoeHHblxn3C Pasc (@p_anuua).uI(Hc"rrory^6cxo.lft IIOC ycraHoBrreuuo6parr.rMbre Kan-
    cytlbHblearpefarbl ABycropoHHero4eficrnan (cru.pnc. 6-2, li'-4 u li-5). fu4paenHqecKaffMarx'Ha
    KancynbHblxarpefaroB floBoporHoJlonacrHafl.feHeparop pa3Meulaercqn xancy.rre.vIs-sa
    *rro,i
    ra6apnroB KancyJIbIfeHeparopblBbInoJIHflIOT Ha CpaBHHTeJTbHO Hr{3KOe Hanpflx{eHue
    3,15-6,t;
    H rIpHMeHflIOrHe[ocpeAcrBeHHoe BOAgHOe oXJrax{AeHHe o6uoror craropa (cna.$ 6-l).An" ne6o.ni-
    LIIHX alperaToB npHMeHqIOT MyJIbTH[JIHKaTOpbI, KO_TOpbre noryrrHTb rrHcJro o6oporoe
    _[o3BorqloT
    reHeparopa B Hec.KollbKopa3 6onuure, r{eM y ryp6uutr. M'y.nnrunJrgKarop r4Meercrry arperara
    Kucnory6cxoft nOC.
    flpe4craeJxrror HHrepecnprMororruue rpy6ua
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    npeAnojlaraeTcfl cAeJIaTb HaKJIOHHbTM Ao l0-12o,
    pa6arnrnarorcflBapnaHrbrycraHoBKH na ll3C up
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    rlpI4xoAllrct ycraHaBJIHBarb 6o.niluoeqHcro N{aIxHH.Hanpurr,repr, H?nOC flaccanaaxBoAAH (ra6.n, ii-tj
    100, a B oAHoMHs BapvaHroBHa Er:nonropcxorlfl3C - ZfiOO'u.p".uto"l
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    trpr{ ooJrbtxoM rrHcJreafperaroB c ueJrblo cHH}KeHHrcror.IMocrlrcqHTaI,oT Bo3Mo>KHbrr\{
    6oaturyn.
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    17-4.K0Mn0H0BKA
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    sa lpHMepax aelglnyrourHx H ilpoeKrHpyeMbrx
    - y(lraHoBoK.
    Coopyx(eHaen3C Pauc s1nusn r. Cen-Man,r Ha no6epe)KbeJIa=MaHua,
    repBble arperarbl Koropofi nyuleHbl B 1966 f ., f ri/IflercflnpgMepoMycraHoBKH
    c OAHHI\{6accefiu.oM
    (puc: 17-3).
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    3,3-13,5 Jil npl4 cpeAHeM3HarreHHH 8,4 Jw. Vc'raHoeJreHHafl naouluocrunAC
    Panc 240 Mem B 24 KancyJlbHbtxo6parurrablx arperarax MorrlHocrbro ro I 0 Mem.
    pa6oqero Ko"recaHacoco-iyp6uHlr 5,35 Jfl. Arperaru n3C paOotator
    fin,uarraerp
    norepeMeHHoB ryp6HHHoMH HacocHoMpexil4Max,coorB-ercrBeHHo, ilpH pa6ore
    324
    vr3 6accetiua B Mope H n o6parHol{
    HlrrpasrerfaH, loAoean nupa6orxa 3HeprHH
    3a BblqeroM 64,5 il'I'IIH'KBm-'q, norpe6noe*o,x
    B HacccHoMpex{HMe, cocraBJlfer
    540 MrrH. KBm.q.
    B coc.raB coopy>Kenllr?nAC pauc BXoAar:
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    6240 u'lcerc n ryp-6aHIIoMu 5400 u:jlcercB racocrroM
    pelr{HMax;BoAonponycr(Hafl
    orBencrusnau
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    Merax"ruqecKHx_ r{oHcrpyr(ur.rfi_ l0 rbic. tn LTJI.
    3AaHae n3C Pauc or.lliqaercs IioMtar{'rHocrr,roH xapar(TepHo
    reh,r,qro f"[aB-
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    Maurr.{HHoro3a.\a,
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    BbICoKoro KJracca, Hr\IeIoL(er?Aee no,rlocbl


    ABHIKeHT{fl llo 7 ,u ul2p4Hort. C o6e,r
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    i\{aHcKaTaK>Kerro oAHo6accerinoBorlcxeNie.V Krncnofify66r cpeAHflf aMn,rrar-yAa
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    HsnrtfrHafl,ar\,rnJrr4r
    ?,37
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    TeJrbcTBeu gKcrrJryaTar{Hr{.

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    t HO}.Iq O T O K A
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    cqqraercfl ocHoBHbrM
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    qecKHx coopy)KeHur?; 2) n.rroqaAb BceX ero rHApoTexHH-
    3aroIIJIeHHfl H noAro;Jreggr; 3) euxocrb BoAo-
    330
    xpaHHrrHrrIa; 4) Hanop; b) ycraHoBn
    rHApocr"H\uu H r. X.. llpH nti6ope
    r{To Aflfl Ka}KAoro orr,o
    BapuaHra Hny Ha

    aTb nepeHeceHr4flcTBOpoB H
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    egufi H3 soHbr 3aroure iun, saullrrur
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    eu 3I{BM naoxuo no MHHHMynay
    ue,rrenor?
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    raApoy3"TOB KacKaIa. Bcex

    loeKTHpyeMor,ofprApoy3JraTaKlKe
    onpe-
    [Hr4.B c,'ryqae eHepreiur{ecKoro Hcnoflb_
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    reAeHHbrxBeJrjr{qHH: 3aTpar 5, KanHTaJro_
    I npou3Bo At"r.cnno
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    sHaK
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    332
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    E . B u r 6 o pe m r o c r n1 4r n y d r x u G p a G o r KBHo A o x p a H n n n q a
    n p H K 0 M I | A e K C H 0H
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    1 8 . 6 .O N P E I E ' I E H HSEK ( I H O M H I I E C KSOOf ,O E K T I { E H O CITHHI P O S J I E K T P O C T A H q H f ,


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    334
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    (18.5)

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    Pr: (fr, 2H"r,) lXr. (18.14)


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    Kri: (xi - /(c;. (r8-17)


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    nJIeKca no yclloBl'llo oAHHaKoBoro xoeSQuUuenra Aoxot(HocrH. SroT xoeQSuUueHr paBeH pa3-
    HccrH Mex{Ay xoaQSHIIHeHToMpeura6enF,HocrHr.r Hoprrroi.r nJrarbr sa Qou4rr 1.
    Mero4onorH'-IecKae 3arpyAHeHafl B npHMeHeHHHyc.nonufi o4uHaxonofi peura6earHocrr.r unr
    AoxoAHocrH 3aKJltoqatorct B onpeAeJreHHH AJrfl orAa"neuuo;irnepcneKTr4Bbr
    crotirvrocru npo4yxunu {
    It npHBeAeHvflee AJIff pa3BI4BaIoulHXcn o6rexroe K oAgoMy roAy.f,.rrt onpeAeJreHr.{flpeHra6e"uuHocru
    npHBeAeHHbtxKaIIHTaJIosroxeHLIl-'r rvrolKHo6sr"ryo6or npH,MeHHTso6uvuyro Qoprr,Iy"rry:

    3*: /I,*lK*, (l8-l5a)


    rAe n,* - cylit',tapuutr? npunegeuHrtfi K ycraHoBHBmeMy'cq qucrurl AoxoA, noayuaevtili BceMH
    yqacl'FlHKaMHKoMnJIeKca. Be"ntrquua f[n ytn>xsa 6rrrr noilcrrHTaHac yqerolr Qaxropa BpeMeHH,
    ArF r{ero Mo)KHo 6srno 6rr eocnoJrb3oBarbcn Qoprr,ry,rroft:

    E * : X 0 n , (+
    1 E")"-i, (18-18)

    rAe0D1 - npHparqeHHeqHcroro AoxoAa B roA I no cpaaHeHHroc npeAbrAyu{Hru roAoM; EB- xoes-


    $uqueHr yqera Qaxropa BpeMeHr.r; T - roA npHBeAeHHfl,Koroplrr? 4onxes 6trrt oAHHaKoBbrM AJrrr
    KannTaJroeroxeHnfi r.r AoxoAa BCex yqacrHr.rKoBKoMnJrexca.
    OAHaxo MeroA noAcr{era npHBeAeHHoroAoxoAa eule He noJryqu.n eceo6ildero npH3HaHr.rq.Tax
    KaK ynoMflHyTble MeToAoJrofLIqecKHe TpyAHocTHnoKa ellle He npeoAo"[eHbr,To jI,,rfl pacnpeAeJreHHfl
    sarpar BXK HctIoJIb3ytorcsraKX(e tioKa3areJlI4cpaBHHT€JrbHofi
    eQsexrlreHocrH KarrHTaJrosroxeuHfi.

    5 . f l p n m e m e H Hn eo i l a a a r e n e e
    Hp a B H H l e n b n oai $l S e r r H B H o c T H
    KanHTafl0Bn0)KeHHfi flnfl paGnpeflefleHHfl saTpaT K0tHilneKGa

    flpu I4cno,ab3oBaHHH noxaeare.nefi cpaBHl4Te.nrnoilsSQexrunHocru Mo>KHoqr.rcJreHHo yqecrb


    Qaxrop BpeMeHH,qro otleHb Ba)KHoA,'rfl BoAoxosqficreeHHbrx o6texroe, I.rr{erculuxnJlureJrbHbrecF,oKI4
    crpouTeJlbcrBa H ocBoeHLIq.PacnpegeJreHueKanuTaJroaroxeHufi BXK paccMorpuM npu npHMeHe-
    HHH AJ'II eSQexrunHbtx yqacrHHKoB oAHHaKoBoroxoeQQuu,ueura l) cpanHure.rlHofi-ssQexrnnHocru
    KanHTaJloe.noxeuufi; 2) cur.rxeHran pacqerHbrx 3arpar no cpaBHeHHroc 3aN{eHreMbrM BapHaHToru.
    CpanueHue Aor'rlKHoupou3BoAuTbcfl c uau6o.neegKoHoMHrrHbrM saMeHrervrbrM BapHaHToru.O err6ope
    salueHseMoro BaplraHTa B 3HepreruKe cM. $ 18-6. A.rrs apyrux orpacaefi HapoAHoro xogqficrsa,
    onpeAeJIeHHeHaAelKHblx iloKagarefiefi rro 3aMeHfleMbrMBapHaHTaMHHofAa npeAcraBJrfleT3Har{HTeJIb-
    HbreTpyAHocrH.
    l. P ac n p e A e J r e H H e 3 a T p a T K O M r r J l e K c an o y c J r o B H r oo A H H a -
    K O B O T O K O o S Q H u r {e H T a c p a B HHreJrb Ho rl aSQe Kr HBHocrr.r K a -
    N I 4 T A J I O B J I Ox e u u fi. ,[,nq KoMnJ]eKca xoeSQrauI{eHTcpaBHureasuofi sQ$errunHocrr.r

    Ex: (Zn"- fr")l(&--X('), (18.1e)


    rAe >R" v npI{BeAeHHbteKanttraroBJlo}KeHurr H ex{eroAHbre H3AepxKH 3aMeHseMHx
    >n"-
    o6texroe scex ytIacrHLIKoB KoMnJIeKca. fl,na no.nyr{eHr.rsoAHHaKoBoro xoe@HrlrleHTa eQsexrrm-
    HocrH Ei: E* 4nn ncex eSQeKTHBHbIxyqacrHuKoB HaAo orHocnTb Ha Kax{Aoro yqacrHuxA'i qacrb
    npHBeAeHHbIxKanHTaJIoeIox(eHHfiKoMnJIeKca'onpeAeJIfleM}"IoiloQopI\,IyIe:

    E*Krt -f H"r - Hnp r - hct * prR"i


    Kxt (r B-20)
    E**P,
    Oruocuurre npHBeAeHHbreKarrHTaJroBJrox{eHHfl
    rHApoy3Jra
    Kri: Kwi - Kcr. (18-l7a)
    flpH6nuxeHHylo BeJIHqHHyorHocHMbrx QamuqecKHx KanHTarosnoxeHnfi Mox{Ho onpeAeJrHTb,
    nolb3yqcb cooTHoIIIeHHeMMelKAy QaxrHvecKHMH H npHBeAeHHbrilrHKanr{TaJroBflo}KeHHrMr.r
    rHApo-
    y3na:

    Krj: O;r# (18-21)

    2 . P a c n p e A e J r e H r . r 3e a r p a r K o M n J r e K c a n o y c J r o B L r r c o I I , r H a .
    KoBoro KoaQSuqueHra cHH>KeHr.p r si a c q e r H bx r s a r p a T .

    lIIIaBeneB
    A . C . O pacrpeAeJreHHLI
    3aTpar Bc)Aoxo3flftcrseHnoro <fu4po-
    KoMnJreKca,
    ?exHl{qecKoecTpoHTeJrbcTBo),1969,Nb 10.
    338
    Ecnu KoMnJreKc3KoHoMHrrecKHa$$exrHne', To ero npHBeAeHHbre
    MeHbIxe 3arpar 3aMeHfleMbrx o6texros
    3arparbr6yayr y lla* pas

    < 1,0, (I 8-22)

    tot - npHBeAeHHbIepacqerHbre 3arparbr


    I3. rro BceM 3aMeHrreMrrrrr.o6lexraMc PrxconyTcTBylo-
    UIHMH COOpy>KeHVflMt4.
    ilnn noryqeHua AJrfl Bcex yqacrHHKoB oAHHaKoBoro x o s Q r l u u u e n r a
    S a T p a Td i : c H H A i e H r . t qp a c q e r H b r x
    d r c H a A o o T H o c H T bH a , n r c 6 o r o y u a c r u a x a i qacrb rianHTa.'ron,roxeHuli
    onpeAeJrfler,ryro no Qopnayae: KoMn,rIeKca.

    a , <( E r K s t + H 3 L )-
    Kwi: -E;+E n p i - Frrr* p.K.i
    ( I B-23)
    4
    or Hoc l tl tts ten p H Be re l l H b l K
    e a n H T a,IIOB JTO)KfLrA
    eH Hpo)r1r,ra_.onpeA
    fl ei rffrorcfi
    no Qopuy,rl e(l g-l7a) ,
    r y r r e( 1 8 _ 2 1 ) .
    Lr BXK NO NOKA3ATCJIIO AK MO)KCT 6rIrI NDI'IMCHCH
    rrrHeHToBCpaBHUTenr'ori s$$exrueHocr' KanHra-
    pac,uefi HapoArroro xo3fliiciea. rlo.nyuaeMbrenpH

    B . f l p n n r e u e mnu0er H 0 r 0o T p a c n e B o pr oa c n p e . q e ; r e H 1 f l
    e l K e r o , q H h t xH S E e p H ( e KK O H n f l e K G a
    elKefoAHbrer.i3neplKKr.r
    onpeAe"ryrrorcrrno 3aBHCr{_
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    BHHTei'IbHOrtesQexrr.tBHocTiri<an irra,roerox{eFir{fi
    .
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    (ExKzt * 1 4 s t )- (Ew(ci * Hc,) - (E*Krr i !


    Ko6t: Ho, t\
    En _f po ( 1 82 4 )
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    oxe HHg f HApoy3Jra
    Kri: Kori* Ko6t (r8-2s)
    H KOMN,ICKCA

    K*: Krti_ Krt. (18-26),

    r . M e r o . q[ n $ S e p e H q n p o B a H n p
    oar oc n p e . q e f l e x n n
    saTpaTKoilnteKGa
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    .ONOJIb3OBATEJI H;
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    rxyAlxaroT 3KOHOMHTIeCKHe noKa3aTe.ryH KOMljIeKca;
    bre yj-Iyqluaror 3r(oHoMHqecKHe
    iroKa3areJlH*Onnl
    '
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    qaercs B sarparbr KoMrr"[eKca. BXK, ro 3ror yrqep. BK.nro-
    Ec.rrur
    )Ke oHH noryqarcr nuioAu, TorHx BKr]oqarcTB oAHy
    H3 nocJre-

    orHeceHHbrx
    HayqacrH'Koenropofiu rperrefi rpynn. Hanpauep,J(n.
    i:nfff;:f::f :,T:i".J.S"",."'S".ff;,"1rii""3;
    ;
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    3119.
    f taea 0eef,mHa0agamaE

    HAHBbIT(|IIHTfiUNT
    PE}KHMbI
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    TPAOHKH
    [HCnET'{EPCKHE U AtsT0MATH3A4Hfl
    1 9 . 1 .O C H O B b
    OIN T H M H S A q HPIE, IX H M O B
    P A E I O T rbHI I P O S J I E K T P O C T A H U H f ,
    Pexuna pa6orr'r f3C Ao/tlxet{ 6url onrzMa,TbFrbrM ,{.,TrHapoAr1oroxo3 nncrea.
    tlp, 3aAaHHoM3JeKTponorpe6"trelIHI4 14 Mar{cr4^,r\/Nie Harp}i3 rr.r 3Heprocr{crer\rbr
    I43MeHeHHe pelKHluaperyilHpoBaFlllflcrol(a I{ TeMca\{bri\rpeiKrri\,ra pa6orrr [poeKTli-
    Pyenrofi fOC BJIeqer ea co6ofi uevleueHr4e ycraHoB,reuHor? rtou{"b.r,, Kar( r1aApo-
    craHr{I4H,TaK H TenJroBbrx gret(TpocrauuHri al{eptiocr{crer\rbr. []pu 3ToMH3N{eHHTcfl
    BeJHqHHa Kant4TaJIoerox{eI-IHr:r H e}KeroAHbrx r.r3Aep)Ker(3ner<Tpocrauqur? v
    s H e p r o c H c T e M bBl U e J I o Ml.l o e r o M y , I ( a K ^ 6 u n oC K a 3 a r r oB r J r . 5 , n p g r e p u e t r a 6 Q e r < -
    rHBHocrI{ pex{HMa npoeKrlzpyeMblx f?C crlnraercfl MHHHMyMnpHBeAeHHbrx pac-
    q e r H b r x 3 a r p a r n o 3 H e p r o c n c r e M e l c p r . ( 5 -l 3 ) - ( b - l 6 ) ] .
    VcraHoeJIeHHyto NlouIHocrb HoBbrx Ten,,'ror3brxs"TeKTpocrauqufi cHcrel,rbl
    N{O}KHO yMeHbiIl4TbH nOJIytIHTbnO HHM3I(OHOMHrc r{anr.iTa,'roB,rroxeHafi ilpH yBe"rrH-
    qeHHH B pacuerHlttt MaJIoBoAultIiroA rapaHrHponauHofi eupa6orNu
    sHeprHr.rH
    MoulHocrll npoeKrHpyenrort rHApocraHI{HI{. fonio,rHHre.tbHafi Bbrpa6orrca 3Hep-
    r[{14, KoTopylo Mo>KeTAaTb fHApOCTaHIIHflB MHOfOBOnHbre roAbr, fro3Bo,rrfleT nojr,v-
    qHTb JIHtUb 3KOHOil,{HIOTOilJIHBa 14 He BJrHfleT Ha ycTaIioB.'IeHH}/tO
    MOUIFIOCTbTe|I"'tO-
    B b l x 3 J l e l { T p o c ra u q u fi c H creMbt. fl osroMy B pfl C tl €:T& xo6uqso B brA enfi pT ra paHTH-
    g 9 e _ a H s Y Io H A o n o n H I{ T e JIbH yIo, ral { H a3bIB aeM}IC rce3oH H V to, nupa6orxy e Hepr lr H
    f 3 C . Ec n u I4 3 Me H e F IHpee x{pi Ma pery.rrzpoB aH ufl croK a e.te.{ er sa co6oi r r.rsnleHbnlle
    3 Ko H o M H q e c KI4 x l l o K a 3 a re " rrett norpe6ureaefi gH eprH H , To r(pH TepH eM oi l Tnr ualb-
    H O C T H C tIH T a e T C fl M H H Ii MyM C yMMapl { bIX i l pH B €)A eH H brx pacr{eTH brx 3aTpaT no
    sHeprocHcreMe14 norpe6ureJlflMsHeprr4r4. 3arpartr norpe6rarenerlr
    3HepfHH
    HHorAa o(eHHBaloTcfl lUIep6oM oT HeAoAaI{I,I 3,'IeKTpoaHeprHHr4[rr4cHH]KeHHflee
    KaqecrBa.
    f]pu KoMIIJIeKcHoNI HcnoJIb3oBaHHHBoAoroI{a Kpr.rrepr.ieMorrHMz,TbHocpl
    cqHTaeTcf MHI{HI\'{yMCyMMapHbIXnpHBeAeHHbrx3aTpaT BCeX yqacTHHKoBKOM-
    nJIeKca. flpornBopel{HBble rpe6onauua orAe.,TbHbrx Bolonortgoearereri v BoAo-
    norpe6urenet? HcK"rlrcqalorBo3Mox(Hocrb HaLIJryq[rero rpe6oea-
    ]rAoB,rrerBopeHrrr
    uptft Kax(Aofo H3 HHX. B yc"rronHflxgKcnJryarauu;H rrapaN{erpbrcoopy*e"rfi Bcex
    yqacTHI4KOB KOMnJIeKCa I,l3BeCTHbI, V KanHTaJIOBJIOIKeHHfl Cr{HTaIOTCfl nOCTOflH-
    HbIMH. floarovry KpHrepI4eMoIIrHMaJIbHocrHcrilHoBarcfl MHHHMyMcyMMapHbrx
    ex{eroAHblxH3Aep)KeKBcex yqacrHHKoBKoMnJreK:ca tlpH BbirroiiHeHHH o6ocHogaH-
    Hbrx rapaurufi ro ypoBHrM H pacxoAaM BoAbr.
    _ npl^ ?HepreruqecKoM HCnoJIb3 oBaHuLr BoAoroKa onrr{N,raJrlurrfipe)KHM pa-
    6oru f3C onpeAeJlflercfl rlo MHHHMyMy elKeroAHbix r.r3AeplKeKo6ieauHenHor?
    SHeprocHcTeMbl rlpH BbInoJIHeHHH 6anauca MoulHr)cTV14gHepil4r4 H nogeplK aHHV
    HaAJIe>KaIIIefO KaqecrBa sJleKrpoeHeprHHnO qacTOTeH Harrpflx{eHHro.flp14 SaAaH-
    HoM sJleKrponorpe6neHHH MI4HI4MyM elKeroAHbIXII3AeplKer{cooTBercTByer MHHH-
    N'lyMyce6ecroHMocrHeHeprHHo6leAuueuuollt aHeprocncreMbr.B pacuerax c HeKo-
    TopblM npulnulKeHHeM crIHTaIor nocroflHHblMH BCe sKcn,rryararl4oHHbrepacxoAbr,
    KpoMe pacxoAoB no rorIJIHBy.TIlu 3ToM, KaK cKia3aHoB 4-5. KpHTepHeMonrg-
    S
    MaJIbHocrHpe>KHIrlapa6orrr f3C craHoBuTcfl MI4I{HNIyI\{ croHMocrg pacxoAyeMoro
    TonJIHBaHa re[JIoBbIX 3neKTpocraHlluflx 3HepfocncTeN{br. 3ro ycJroBge 3angcbr-
    B A C T CB
    f l T A K O MB H A C :Z ' B : M H H H M Y MI ,A E B AO 1 I J I H B A ,C - C T O H .
    P A C X OT
    MocTb ero eAr,rHHulrBeca. llpH oAr4HaKoBbrx crouMocrr Lr Ka/ropufisocru rorrJruBa
    11 npHMepHo o4uHaxoeofi croHMocrH ero clKHraHHff Ha Bcex aJreKTpocraHUHrx
    ycJIoBHeMonrHMaJIbHocrHcqzTaercfl MHHHMyM
    lpacxoAaronJrr4Ba,T. e. I f :
    - MHHHMyM.
    B npu6nulKeHHblx pacr{erax roAurlHoro per)iJrurpoBaHuscroKa cqr4Taror, r{To
    MHHI4MyMMcxoAa roII"[I{Ba coorBercrBye1npu6/r]asHre/rbHoMaKcHMyMntrpa6orxu
    3HeprHI'{ f3C npl{ BbIrIorIHeHr.IH rapg]ltufi no yqacruro fOC u nonf"truu MaKcH-
    MyMoB HarpysKl4 sHeprocl4cTeMbl. Kputep uft- u;^axcaMyMaetrpa6orxu aHeprHH
    340
    rr4ApocraHur.rH He lrox{er 6nrru npuMeHeHAJrn o6ocHoeaHufl cyroqHoro pexiuMa
    pa6ornr cHCTeMbt.
    l 4 s n e c r l l o , q r o c y r o q H o e p e r y J r u p o B a H u eo 6 u q H o B b l 3 b r B a enr o r e p H 3 H e p r H H
    r.rno3roMy Mar{cr4MyMyeupa6orKn sHepr}ru f3C coorBercrByer 6aaHcHuftpexun
    ee pa6orur 6es cyToqHoro peryJrl4poBaHufl.Ho np14 aror\,{renfioBbte craHut4n
    AoJrlKHbr pa6orarb Ha nrrKax Harpy3Ku c 6onb[IHMH )/Ae.rrbHbtMH pacxoAaMHron-
    ilvBa, qro B KoHeqHoNrHTore noBfleqer 3a co6ofi yBe"rI4r{eHHe pacxoAa ronJIHBa
    B 3Heprocr4creNre. K rortry )Ke npH 6asucuofi pa6ole f3C B IvIaJIoBoAHttit nepHon
    rre yAaercrr Bbrnepx{arbrapaHTHr4MorrrHocrnf3C, B pe3vJlbrare qero Mo}Ker6urs
    Hapytrren 6anaHc rvroulHocrpr clrcreMbr. B ycJIoBHflxal(cnilyarauplplortrttMl43attnro
    cyloqFrbrx pe>KHrroBpa6oror f3C npoti3Boxnr no IutIHtti\,{yMy crottt\locrr4, vrrtwpac-
    xoAa roil,'rnBaB 3Heprocllcreve (cu. S 19-5 u 20-6).
    f l p " n p o e K r u p o B a H u a f 3 C o n r u M u 3 a r { H f lp e } K H N , Ipaa 6 o r u f 3 C B p a c q e r H u t l i
    Ma"[oBoAunrftfo,I, AoJr]KHanpo]l3BOAHTbCff no IVIHHI4Myl\{y npHBeAeHHbIX pacqeT-
    r-rbrx3arpar noroMy, r{To npH 6onee nHKoBoM cyroqHol\{ pe}KHMe pa6orlt rH;lpo-
    craHur.rHo6trqHo oKa3btBaercfl aKoHoMuqecI(I4 BbIroIiHbIi\l yBeJIHqeHHe ee Ycra-
    HoB"rreHHorl MoglHocrH v coorBercrByroqee yMeHb[IeHLIe ycraHoBleHsofi Ntol]l-
    Hocru HoBbrx renJroBbrx aJreKTpocrauuufi oHeprocHrcreMbl. B roAbt v ce3oHbl
    c 6o,rnruofi BoAHocrbro HSMeHeHr4e cyroqHoro pex{Hlda pa6ortt npoerirupyel'roit
    f3C Nrox(ernoB,tHflTbroJrbKo Ha pacxoA Ton"rtuBaTeIIJIoBbIX craHuul:l aueprocH-
    creMbi. floerolrt, p.iln TaKprx [epI4oAoB Npllrepnfi oIITHMaJIbHocTH oKa3blBaercfl
    oAI4HaKoBbl\,{ Kaii IJrfl npoeKTHbrx,TaK u L.nfl SKcIIJIyaralluoHHblX yc'nonut:ttl 3a-
    nr4CL,rBaeTcfl B BIiAe MI{HHN,IyN{a CTO}IIVIOCTI,I VnI4 paCXoAa TOIIJIHBaB gHep|OCI4'
    CTelvle.

    PE]tttlMbl
    19-2'tlAt4Bblr0.[HEillullE t4 cpA60TK[lB0[0xPAH14IlHul
    HAn0nHEH[lR

    HH
    A. 06qne nonox(eH
    BoAoxpaHHJtHUIa:
    Pagflr.rqalorrpH Bv1.a HanoJrHeHvrfl 1)_.nepBoHaqaflbHoe'
    ocyqecrBJrreMoe oAHHpa3 B cBfl3Hc rrocrpofixofinJIorliHbI;2) sKcnJIyaraul{oH-
    Hoe, npou3BoAurvroe nepuoAur{ecKu B npoqecceperyJllapoBaHHr croK|, H 3) upes.-
    strqarlHoe,npoucxoAfluleenpH rpaHcQopMauHH KaracrpoQleuecxHx noflosoAuft
    I4 ilaBoAKoBoqeHb pe4rofi lloBropfleMocrH (cvr. S 3-ti).
    IIepBoHarra"nbHoe HanoJrHeHHe ocyulecrBJlflercfl B nepl4oA crpoHTeJIbcrBg
    coopyxeHrzfi, KofAa ueo6xoAnuo 3allo"rrHHTbBoAoxpaHH"/'tr4ule Ao nycKoBoH
    orn,tbixpr,o6ecne.rusarouefi pa6ory nepnofi ryp6HHsr xorfl 6sr c MI{HHMaJIbHbIM
    HanopoM.3ano".rHeHue BoAoxpaHIaJrHUlanpoHgBoAHTCfl B crporoM coorBercrBHH
    co crpoi4reJrbcrBoM rHAporexHHrrecKHX coopyxesnfi. flp" 3roM B cJlyqae_ seo6-
    XoAHMOCTH CHHXaTOTCfl AO MHHI',lMyMa,
    rrOilyCKH kr3 BOAOXpaHHJIHU-{,ZI HeooxoLH-
    Moro flo caHr.rrapHbrMycJroBr.rflMkr no ycJIoBHflM ApyrHX BoAonorpe6nrenefi u
    BoAonoJrbsoBarenefi,
    fannuefiuee 3arroJrHeHHeBoAoxpaHHJrHUInpoucxoAplT tIpH pa6orarcIllHx
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    341
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    342
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    349
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    350
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    HapoAHoe

    -q
    l0r2 repa T T t 0 ' (ca HrH) c c
    l0e fura r G t0
    -q
    '
    MHJI.IIH M m
    106 Mera M M I 0-6 MIrKpo MK tr
    l0a KHJlO K k I 0-8 HAHO H n
    102 (rexro) P h I 0-12 NHKO n p
    10r Gexa) da I 0-16
    Aa Qeuro 0 f
    I 0-r Geqx) d I 0-18 ATTO a a

    fIp uMeqaH u e . B c r o 6 r a x y K a s a H b rn p H c r a B K H ,K o r o p b r e A o n y c K a e r c an p u M e H t r r b r o . n b K o
    B H a H r l r e H o B a H H sKx p a r H b l x H , q , o J r b H b rexA H H H r L . y x ( en o J r y r r n B I u H xr r r n p o K o ep a c n p o c i p a r r e n H e ( H a n p n -
    Mep, reKTap, AeKaJrr{Tp, AequMerp, caHTuluerp).

    880
    NilTEPATYPA

    O6urag
    1 f y 6 u H O . O . I' u l p o a ,' re KrpH rrecKcraH E e rruu. I' oceueproH 3A ar,1949.
    2. i p u r.rH I{. M. lrlporexHuqecKr{e coopy}KeHllfl.foccrportn3AsT, 1962.
    "
    3...3laHlrq rHApo3HeprerurrecKHX ycraHoBoK.floa pe4. /1. C. Lllaeen_eea. <3Heptrao, 1967.
    4.' I,Icnonb3oBaHHe eoAuofi aHepruu. flol peA. A. C. IUaeeneea. <3rteprHfi)),!965.
    5. I{ o p o 3 o B A. A. tr4cnonusoBaHne eoAHoiIgHeprI'IH.foceneprou3Aar, 1948.
    6. I{eiropoxisufr aotIIIJIeKcHoeHcno.rb3oBo
    n . C . 1 p e l . ) .I ' r a 4 p o e H e p r e r uHKK aA
    H -u e
    Hbr xpe c y p c o eC C C P . < S n e p ru n > ,1 970.
    7. 5 ;i e N rp u s u x a u H nC C C P . < SH eprun),_ 1970.
    8. 3neprbrr{qecx"e pecypcbr CCCP. fn4poaaeprert4qecK}Iepecypcbt. <Hayxa>, 1967.

    AonoJIHsTeJIbHafl
    K enaean'I-2
    9. Ap.yHoe I - 1 .t i . f u ^ 4 p o a , r e r { T p o c r a H rO{ H
    cH u .o e s tI 4 c n o J I b 3 o B a HaHoE A s o f t? H e p r H H .
    foccrportHeAzrYCCP, 1960.
    l - 0 .f p " u r H H M . M . , M u x a f l r J r o B A . B . f l p o e x n n p o B a H pn ee q H b l xr H A p o y 3 J I o HBa
    HecKa,rbHbIX ocHoBattflx. <Sueprnx>, 1967.
    ll, Ae H H c o B n.n.Oinoerr HciroJrbBoBaH e oHAt In o f i 3 H e p r I { If4o.c t u e p r o H 3 , { a r , - 1 9 6 1 .
    12. T p y 4 u l a 4 p o n p o e Kra . C 6 . uecrH aA uarntft. fl oa pea. A . M. IOpunona. < S H epr uR>>,
    1969.
    i3. I-lpoexrrnpoBaHHe 14 crpouTeJrbcrBo 6o.nsurnxIJIoTHH.flo^u peA. A. A. Eopoeoro.' foc-
    ?Hepror43nar, 1962.
    ' 6erossnx Fp aBUTaIIHOHHbIX nJIOTIIH
    11, Hopiuu H TexHHqecKHeycJIoBHfl Ia npoeKTl{posaHl'I^e^6'
    Ha cKa.rrbHbrxocHoBaHafl,x (CH 123-60). focaHeprou3.u,ar, 1961.

    K enaPe3r
    15. AeaKflH A.8., IIIapanoB B . A . B o 4 o x p a H H r I H IrIltlaA p o s J l e r t p o c r a H I l n f t ,
    I 4s a. 2-e . < 3 n e p rn fl > ,1 9 6 8 .
    16. Eax raapoB B. A. BoAsoexossrlctsoH B o A o x o g s f i c t a e H H b l e p a c qf u e lrpbol .u e r e o '
    H3A3r,1961.
    1 7 . B o c K p e c e H c x r . r r t I ( . n . f u A p o n o r n q e c K l {pea c q e r b rl l p n n p o e K T H . p o B a H c oHoHp y -
    xeunr? Ha Ma.[brxpeKax, pyqbrrx H BpeMeHHbIx BoAoroKax.l'uAponaereol43aar, 1956.
    18. KaprBeilpr:1gBHJrr{ H . A . T e o p u a . n _ e p o a r u o c r Hnbpl xo q e c c o BB F I 4 L p o J I o r I1{ 4H
    pefyi'rupoBaHHH
    ' 'lg. per{Hofo croKa. falporveteo}I3AaT, 1967.
    KaprBe rvfiBHJttr H . A . P e r y n r . r p o B a Hpueeq H o r oc r o K a . f I ' r 4 p o r u e r e o l ' I 3 A a r '
    1970.
    20. Kp"uxsfi C . H . , t r ! e u K e J r b M . @ . B o 4 o x o g n f i c t s e u n lpt a e c r l e r b lf u 4 p o t v t e r e o -
    H3.r.ar,1952.
    21. JI e e E 14. 14. I4ux<eHepHanrHApoJIorHl. .<Bttcuras rrKoJIa), 1968.
    22. nJr e u K o B fl. @. Pery.tnpoBaHue peqHorocroKa. fu,4ponrereoll3Aarj 1961.
    2g .C Ba H H A 3 e f. l . O c rioeoipacuera pery,trupoB aH ufl perl H orocroK a' Mero.u,ol Mour
    t e'
    K apao . T 6 u l u c u . < M e q u n rp e 6 a > ,
    1964.
    Kenasau4uS
    24. B o n o ro B B. B. H Ap. 3xonorilr4Ka14 opraHHsaIIHrsHeprerHrlecxoroxoasficrea CCCP.
    < 3uep ru r> , 1 9 6 9 .
    bS. f'y 6 u H @. @, K..y n e p y^l-H B. /l. SrouoruunaBoAHoroxossftctea I{ rnAporexHu-
    qecKorocrponrenbcrBa.Crpofilrs4ar, 1965.
    'SrosoMHKa
    20. 3 y e, A. T. BoAHoroxognficrea. Ceruxosrus, 1959.
    ",*

    r Cr'r. raKlr{e u 761.


    [7
    38t
    gKoHoMuqecxofisQSexrunHocru r(anuTaJrbHbrx
    27. l4ucrpyKuufl no onpeAeJIeHI{Io e,rox<engfi
    B- p€3BHTHe sHeprernqecKoroxossficrsa. MNHucrepcrBooHeprerHKnH enexrpusuKaur4rrCCCP.
    1972.
    q M. 14.Pexsr'rsr
    ?q. |!a p K o B fi eHeprerurrecKnx
    cncreM.VIsr,.4-e. <OHepruR>,
    gxououuxa
    1969.
    29.MerIeHrbeB JI. A., LUrefi Hray3 E. O. o H e p r e r u x r a ' C C fCoPc .-
    aHeprousAar,1963.
    30. OcHoBHbrenoJrolxeHr.rflno oilp^eAeJreH_Hro gKoHoMnqecxofieQSexrHeHocrn rHApcl3Hepre-
    rHqecKuxo6rexroe. f"lponpoeKr urrl. C. fl. Xyxa, 1972.
    31. Tnnoeaq MeroAHKaonpeAeJleHufl aKoHoMnqecxofieQQexrnaHocrnKanHTaJrbHbrx BJrolKe-
    u u rl . < Sx o H o MH Ka1),9 6 9 .
    3 2 . .{ y r a e B P. P. fa4pan.nnxa.< 3uepruR > ,1970.
    33-^3^pJI H x M a H 6. JI. Sueproexouor\IuqecKue pacqerbr rnApo3Jrexrpocrauqufi.<3uep-
    rHfl)), 1969.

    K ettaee 6
    3 4 . K o n a J I e e H . H . fr.r4poryp6uurt.I4sl . 2-e. MarusH ocrpoeH qe, 1971.
    qq ]!p"BqeHKo f . 1 4 , .H a c o c u L t r u A p o r y p 6 u H r <r .S n e p r n x >1. 9 7 0 .
    qq. LloprvrnrrexHoJrorHqecKoroilpoeKrnpoBaHHfl,rHAposJrexrpocrauqufi.<3ueprut>, 1970.
    ST.CMHpHoB 14. H. fra4paa;lnqecKH r yep 6 H H u rs H a c o c b r<. B l r c u r a qu r K o J r a )1, 9 6 9 .
    3 8 . P o 6 y x H . H . l -4p._{ ,t_onpocy o pacrl ereruA pori /p6uH H oro arperara Ha pa3r oH.
    <3ueprouaulrHocrpoer{r4e)), 1960, Ne 12.
    39. Typ6-unnoeo6opyAoBaHHe ruAposJreKrpocraHrlrdfi. floa peA. A. A. Moposona, VIep.2-e,
    <Sueprua>,1958.

    K enase 7
    p
    19. 5 o o rt e B A. A. Kauanrt rlaApooJleKrpurrecKnx craHuuft. FocsHeprousnar,1956.
    41. TexnuqecKueycrIoBHflH Hopilibl^qp_oer{r{pog?HHs_ruAporexHHqecKHx
    coopyxeHufi. !,epu-
    BarIHoHHbre KaHarrbrlzApocrauqufi (MCOC 108-59). foceHepronsAar,lgO0.
    42. V r r'rH_Jy c A. A. fll4pae.nr-rqecKl-re
    u rexHuKo-aKor{oMr4rrecKne
    pacqerbr KaHaJroB.
    Crpofiua,1ar,1965.

    K ettaeeI
    43. 3yqa!o" f . f . , E y . I ^ q e B a O . E . f " l p o r e * H n q e c K g rey H H e r r gr g A p o e l e K r p H r r e -
    CKHXcrauqprrl.foceneprou3Aar, 1962.
    44. TexHHqecKI{e )/crloBlrfl14HopMbrnpoexTupggary4fl rrrAporexHuqecKux coopyx(eHufi.fu4po-
    rexHuqeq{ue ryHHe.rrurHApooJre](rpocranqufi (Ty I l-58). foceueprousAar, lg5g.
    4 5 . T p y 4 n r fu 4 p o n p o e K ra. C 6- soceuua4qarurl .I1o4. pe4. B . C . S pncrosa. M., 1970.

    K enaee9
    46. TexHHrIecKHeycaoBufiI{ HopMbInpoeKTupoB_aHufl
    rHAporexHrqecKuxcoopyxeHur?.Hanop-
    Hbre 6accefisu ruApooreKrpnqecKHxcraHqsft (Ty l4-b1i. foceueprousAar;igSa.
    K enaaau I0-12
    r I
    4 7 . . I p o H o B H f . 8 . , K a p r B e r I H r r rB r { r r r a
    F . A . , . I Ir o 6 r { M u e B f l . K . f " l p u s -
    nu.recxuri__yAap H ypaBHuTeJrbHbre pe3epByapnr.<Hayxa>, 1968.
    48,.$^na y A b A. E. fu4pannuqecxuft yAap B ruAporyp6unHnx ycraHoBKax.focsnepro-
    I{sAar, 1953.
    4 9 . X.y .Io e c x H l i A . E . O raA paB JIH qecK yA oMape B B oA onpoB oA nrrr,H x
    raJrepef lx.f oc-
    TexH3Aar,1949.
    50.K.nHHrepr H.8., XoxaPuI A.X.C:ra"rnHnerpy6onpoBoAbrnypaBHr{rerrb
    pe3epByap_br ruApo3fleKTpuqecKnx craHt1sfi.€HepruR>, 196b.
    - 5 1 . K p " B q e H K o l . 1 4 .f r n a p a u ' t r u u e c x u f i - y r4d?ppa u u o r r a J r b H b r e p e l K u M b r p e f y J r u p o B a H u
    ryp6uu rHApo3Jrexrpoc'rasuufi. foceuepror.rsAar,1951.
    52. Hoprratrrr rexHHriecKHe)jg1rroBl.rs npoeKrup-oBa.Hur AepeBflHHbrx rpy6onpoBoAoBrHApo-
    a"'reKrpuqecKux craHqur'r(H 111-53). Crpofius4ar, lgb4.
    53. O B c q H K H H B. 14.Xeaeso6erouHuerpy6u A.rrrHanopHbrx BoAoBoAon. foccrporlusAar,
    1960.
    5_! 9p rr o s B. A. vpanunrerrbHbrep$epByapbr rnAp_osrreKrpocrauuuri. <oHepruR>,196g.
    55. TexHI4qecKHe ycJIoBHrH Hopr\lblnpoeKrnpbehHl.Is MAC. Tpy6onpoBoAbrHanopHbrecraJrb-
    Hbre rHApoeJreKrpHqecKHX craHrrufi. foceHeprou3rar, lgSZ.
    K enaean 13 u 14
    5q EepexHofi A . A . C n n o e r l e 3 A a H HrfH
    , A p o s J r e K T p H q e ccKr aHHx q u f r . ur x o 6 o p y A o B a -
    H u e . < 3 H e p ru q ),1 9 6 4 .
    57- llpaeuJra rexHlrqecxofieKcrJryarauuHsfleKrpuqecKHXcranuufi H cereft. klsa. l2-e. <OHep-
    ruff), 1969.
    58. PyxoBoAtlulueyKa3at{Ilfl pasMepoBTyp6HHHono6.noxacr{JroBbrx
    I^o^B^btqofy_onrilMaJlbHbrx
    sAaHHfi rrzApo3Jrer(rpocraHrrufi. MCSC CCCP. fnanauepronpoexi, 196r.
    'rulpoerreKrpocraHqufi.
    59. C JI H c c r s ti C. M. In4pasnuKa <Oueprua>,lg6g.
    _3AaHHfi
    ,. -69.^9rpoureJlbH.ble HopMTu npaeuna. t{. II. HoprvructpourerrbHoronpoeKTgposh"nr.'fflaerr
    II-E 3-62. foccrpofiHsaar, 1962.
    382
    6J.9q p-o e x( It H M. V.^^4" onbtra rpoeKrupoBannf,,crporrerrbcrBa n aKcn,/ryarau'H
    g.[annfi [3C. focrHepror.l3Aar,196l.
    ..62--Ep,Ytl-H rexHHtIecKHe ycrloBl'tsnpggITHpoBaHHr6erosuux H )KeJreso6erosrrlrx
    KoHcrpyr{-
    uufi (CHrafl II-Il. l4-69). focenepror.{sAar,I969.'
    tI y r a e B P. P. floAseuHrtltxouryp rl4rporexHHr{ecKgx
    coopyx(eHufi.focenepror.r3rar,
    .^^^63.
    r962.
    K eaase 15
    9!.5ynepMa^H P . 4 . a A p . f l o A s e r \ a ' srrae. a p o s r r e K r p o c r a H uI 'no'c. e H e p r o ' 3 . E al gr S
    , T.
    qq. ! p e r p o f. A. Cneunanrume Trlnbr ruApoerrexrpocraHuuri.foceHeprousAar,1960.
    0p. lnqeKrHpoBaHue LI coopy>KeHtre rlrAporexHHqecKHx ryuuenefi H ro4seMHurx['3C 1-loa
    peA . B. C . 3 p n c ro a a . fo c s u e p ro u s4ar,1963.-
    67 . C e K r o p o _ B P.^ P 3 a p y6exH oe rnA pooH eprocrponreJrbcrB < o.3neprH q> ,1968.
    68. C e p K o B B. C. Sxcn"ruyaraLtufr coBNleureHHbIx rHApoaJreKTpocrasuuft. u3n.p'r,uau,lgG8.
    K anaee16
    69 . n p e rp o f. A . C o a p e n,tenHH
    blacocH
    e o-aK K yMyJrH pyrorrrneeJreK TpocraH quHuLr
    ocr r oB-x
    Hoe cHJronoeo6opyroBaHHe,<SueproxosqficrBo 3a py6exou>, l969, Nb 3:
    70. C a B B I'I H IO. M. fu4poaxxyMyJlHpyrorrlne 3JreKTpocraHuHH.<<3ueprufi>,
    lgOO.
    K enase 17
    71. Eep.{IxrefiH J I . b . f l p u " n n n H b sl eJ I e K T p o c r a H uB HH c o B p e M e s s oof H i e p r e r H K ef o. c .
    3Hepror{3Aar, 196I .
    72. DupLtxreftn J I . E . f l p o 6 n e r r , rH
    acnoJIb3oBaHV n fpl u . n n n H o foi H eI p r H H1 4 o n b r r H a q
    fl3C. -<fu4porexHHqecKoe crpoureJrbcrBo)),
    I(rac.no_ry5c_xas 1969, Nb 1.
    .^^.73, Xu6pa P . S H e p r H f ln p H n H B o B n u p u . r r u n u t r e s J r e K r p o c r a H r t n u c. f lQ
    . pp.a n u . u M " p r ,
    1964.

    K ettaaatw18-20
    74. Bo,[HosHeprerr4qecKHe pacqerblMeronona Mosre-Kap,no.I-lol pea. A. lII. pesHuxoecKoro.
    < 3uep rn n > >1,9 6 9 .
    75 . f g p H u rre fi H B . &1 . H aneuronsefi uruepel K url rbr rrz4pocrauuufrB sH eprerur{ e cKux
    cHCTeMax. focenepror{3Aar,1959.
    7 6 . U B e r K o B E . B . P a c q e r o n T l { M a J I b H o r o p e r y J r H p o t s a n u r c r o K a B o a o x p a Hr g
    r dg"p[ o
    H-u r a M a
    eneKrpocrauurartHa I{BM. <SuepruR>,i962,

    II
    I
    I
    i
    I
    I

    II
    I
    NPETMETHbIft
    YKASATEJIb

    Aa a H x a u e p a 1 7 5 , 1 7 6 Bo4oxpaHHJrHua Hcr(yccrBer{Hbre8, 5l
    AsrorvraruzaVHfl 340. 352 - Hcno.rtb3oBaHlte54
    Arperarn - o6reu 52
    - B e p ru Ka J rb H b3re 2 , 3 5 , .36, 37, 38, 40, 120. <ueprnmfit) 52, 53
    t25 no.negunfi 52, 53
    - ro p u 3 o H ra J rb H b reI1 9 , l 2l nonHtrfi 52, 53
    - f3 c g , 1 3 , 3 2 , 3 5 , 3 6 , 37, 39, 40, l 2A , n5 pesepnnsrfi 53
    - KarrcyJrbHrrre 119 eKoHoMHrrecxufi nn6op 330
    - HacocHo-ar(r(y\ry.rrHpyrou{Hx 3JreKTpocTarr- aH epferuqecrufi ?K B H B E ;{€HT
    l2
    uutl (crur.HacocHo-ar{KyMyJrHpyrouaa 3JreK- - npuror 57
    rpocrariuna) - Qn,rtrpa4rrr BoAbr56, 65
    - o 6 p a r u M b r e1 0 , I l , l 9 B pel ra 3aK D brTnrH anpaB Jrfl l o ulerannapar
    o a
    - npuJrI{BHbrx 3Jrer{rpocras[urll1 (cu. rrpH- r5rp6H H sl234, 218
    JrHBHbre3JreKTpocraHrIHr.r) B srcora B cacbrB aH H310, s 3I2
    Axne4yx 149 - orcacbrBaHufl122, 143
    Anropnrrrl 357 Bo"uHa 89, 90
    Au o p ru a a q u n 1 0 1 , 1 0 2 - nepeMeureHnfl89
    o6parHaa 90
    npepbrBHafl90
    npsMafl 89
    - r4g;ruBa90
    - MrHoBeHstrri npo(runu 90
    - rranoJrHeHnff90
    Ea,uauc MorrrHocrnaHeprocucreMbr115 - nepe4uufi BaJr 90
    - eupa6orKn eneprocucreMbr ll7 - reno 90
    EaccefiHuanopusrfi 16, 18, 140, 175, 176 - Qpour 90
    - cyroqHoro peryJrr{poBaHnr 16, 54, l8l-183 Bonnosort pacxog 91
    -' (nogoc6opHnfi) peKH 43 Blrpa6otxa gJreKTpogHeprlru 13
    E.ror-cxeua 357, 362 ruApo3JrexrpocraHuufi 13, 79, i01
    Esrcxlr sAaHHff fAC ocHoBHbre245 - o6ecuerteHnar (rapanrrapoeaHHac) 104,
    -.- - npoMex(yrorrHbre 245 1 6 3
    Baxyyru B orcacbrsanqefi rpy6e ryp6nHur l4l, - cpeAHeroAoBarr 100, 103
    2rg, 233 Bu.rHcrr.ITeJrbHbre il{auHHbr 354
    - B rpy6onpono4e 219, 233 xnaccuQr.rKaqr{r355
    Bogono.ut3oBareJru 2L, 55, 336, 339 HenpepbrBHoro4eficrnun 354
    Bo4onorpe6nrenu 21r,,55, 336, 339 crpyfinoro rHrra 355
    Bq4onpueMHHK38 TexH H qecK H xapaK
    e TepH cTHKH 356
    - AepnBauuousofifAC 29, 30 I'eHeparoptr 126
    - npunrrornuHofi f3C 244 - nos6ylKAeHl{e126
    - pyc.rronofi fOC 240, 242, 243 - MaxoBbreMaccbr 126
    Bo.4onpneMHbre KaMepbr12, 29, 37, 176, 177 - onopbr (no4reueparopHhreonopHbre KoH-
    - coopy)KeHus30 crpyKrtuH) I24, 247
    BoAoxossficreeFrHne npo6neuu 19, 20 - ox.naxAeHue 126
    - pacqerbr 43, 48, 64, 66, 74 - riapaMerpbr126
    Bo4oxoanftcrseHHHfi KoMrrJreKc2I - THn soHru'IHnfi 124
    pa3HeceHHe 3aTpaTno MeroaaMcpaBHH- no4eecHofi 124
    feneparop c oropofi na KpbrrrrKe ryp6uuu 124
    _Yonoo1fi!:*;[ffi?':?s.??1""".
    ru 337 I.A C -| A A C 301, 303; 313, 318
    MeroA 4uS$epeuunpoBaHHoncpac- fu4paenuvec4ufi HHrerparop 355
    npeAerreHHs338 fugpan.ur.rqecxnri ygap 183, 187, 217, 219; 220
    ycJroBHfl orpaMeHHfl 193
    Bo4oxpanl{Jt.Iua ecrecrBeHnue5l cKopocrb pac[pocTPAHeHuq" Bo.,"IHbl 217
    - eMKocrb 53. 54 uprrr,rofi218, 220, 221, 231, 235
    - sr.rlrnufi pelKI.IM 57 - Qoprr,ryaaXyroncroro 22L .
    884
    flt4pae.rrnu_ecxHft yAap npalrofi repeMerr{eHHe .{acueruepcxnfi rpaQnx 65, 69, J44
    BoJrHbr 224
    -^l AHHaMHrlecxnri 347
    _ orpaxenHHfi, IToHHX<eHHOtoaaBJreHHfl Aoxol 337
    2lg, 220,224, 225, 229 - qncrbrfi 337
    rioBsIIIIeHHe AaB,/'IeHHa B KoHIIe rDv6o_ ,[peHa>x o6nHrroern 152-lS4
    rpoBoAa 221 flroxep 149
    - ^: n e p Ba fl x a p a K re p H C T H Krp a y6onponol a E xeno4H l re
    221 H sA ep> r< K H, 106. g3l
    l 0l
    - ^l_ Bro p a s x a p a K re p H c rH K ary p 6onpoeo4a rHApocraHuHH l0l, 109
    - orHocuMbreHa aHepferur(y ZZ4
    227
    BoJrHoBbre KoHAeHcarruoHtrbrx 3.lier(TpocranuHfi
    102
    ypaBHeHnrr222, 229
    Henpnnaofi218, 224; 231; 222, 224 yAeJrbHbre sa | rcamMorrrHoc'frr 109
    r r p H B e A e H H b1r0e7 , l 1 2
    Eepxepona 220, 231 3axos peryrrurpoB aH s n286
    Qa:ur yAapa 218, 225, 228, 229, 2Zs 3areopu 26, 27, zls
    r l e n H o e y p a BH e H H e2 2 8 - aBapvfino-peuou.l.Hbre 248
    - IIenHoe ypaBHeHHeA.[rHesla 225 - H arropH oro6accei rsa 177
    - - nJrornHbr26, 27
    I H A p a B J ] H q e c K H e O T H O C H T e i ' t b H b l eO T K p b r T r i f l 3 a -
    r B oD a 2 2 7 - peMoHrHbre243
    fu4poarperar e.,reMeHrbr 125 - ryp6ai rH brx rpv6onpoB oA oeZIS -217
    - K oiv rn o H o B Ka Be p ru K a n b H a E1 2 0 , 124, 125, 3aronneuue aertreni lg'
    239, 240 3arparn
    r o p u 3 o H ra rrb H a r I1 9 . 1 2 4 - BoAoxoeqricreeHnoro KoNrnJreKca 336
    - x apa K re p u c ru K H 1 2 7 - BbrAeJrfir\{bte. 339
    fnsporpaQ 45-47 - rr{Apoy3rra 330
    l'x4pocraurluu a4auue 9, 29, 14-17, 40, 237 o6uue 337
    AepHBaqHoHHoro rHna 237, 268-270 orpac/reBbre 337
    ocHoBHoro rnra 237 :- CorlTcTByIouIHe 339
    npnnJrorHHHono r:uila 14, 15, 237, 267 - pacqerHbre106, 107
    p y c rro Bo rorrrra 1 4 -1 6 , 2 3 7 , 257 - npH B eA eH H bre i 0O
    - corocraBnMbref3C I l4
    c r aHrIH Hc n e q n a J rb H b tx rl rn o e ) K 3C I 14
    - K oi\.rn o g o BK2a2 , 3 2 , 3 5 , 3 6 , 3 7 , 237, 251 - TonJrHBa
    pacqerHbre3aMbrKaiourie103
    - lvlolIIHOCTb 13, 99 - yAe"TbHbre 109
    - Hanop I l, I44 - - Ha I rcem AonoJrHuTe,rssofi ycraHoB,rreH-
    - pa6o ra n g H e p re rn q e c ro l ic u c re Me81, 94
    tt'YT
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    - pe)KHMpa5orur 45 - - K3C 113
    - x apa K T e p n c ru K a2 9 , 1 2 8 , 1 2 9
    34aHne f3C
    pa6oune 132
    BepxHee crpoeuHe 249
    sKcn.rryaraquoHHbre 128. 129, 130
    BbrcoTHoenoJro>KeHr.re 272
    l-n4poaneKTpocraHqHH cne[lr ai'rbHbrx r u nos 282, ApeHa>KHbre ycrpoficraa 256
    296 KoMnoHoBKa251, 252
    - 6trqxoeue 296, 297
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    BbrcoKoHanopHbre 288 uarunuunft salr 249-250
    HH3KoHanopHbre 287 MoHTa>KHafl nJrorqaAKa250, 251
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    300 pacqer ycrofivtreocrll' na cgeur 274
    '
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    cxeMa Aepr,rBaqnorrHafl l6 279
    - nJrornHHafl14
    -:- IIJIOTHHHO-AepHBaqHoHHaf l8
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    .{arvr6u 150
    .[,anxeHne
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    HeycraHoeuerueecx 89, L57 KaHafloB 155
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    385
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    HHfl. BoAHbrx Macc l8B 276
    - rpaQnqecKoe(no A. lllor"rruuy) 188 HopMarnBHbre BeiruqHHbr 277
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    158, l7B
    - xoeQ$Hr{HeHr
    124,308, 310 K pnruvecxoe 3H arreH H H e aqarbHor o pacxoAa
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    154, 155 Mogy.nr croxa 45
    HecaMoperyJrupytoqufics I 56 MoHre-Kap.rro 342
    o6nuuonxa l5l -154 Mol{nocrr 13, 79
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    orHocHMbreHa oHepreruKy 334 H anopa 120
    rrpHBeAeHHbre 107 - B aMeH rrcqas (aarrreH aerran) 10 9
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    I I2 - 4onusre 48
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    100, 334, 339 - arperarbr 307
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    - HcnoJrb3oBaHufl croKa G7 - BepxHr.rfi '
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    886
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    3lg, 820 NrHoroJreruee 506, 69, 69, 71, TT
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    - o6o6qesHnrl 360, 86l rculelt erlrKocrHBOAOXpaHH[rHUIa 7g
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    cyror{Hoe 49, gb, gT, gg, gb, B4g, 350,
    365-368
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    - raBoAKoB H nonoeoAnfi
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    - 3eM.[ffsse 28, 24 srreKrpocranqnfi 102 ,
    - KaMeHntte28, 24 KoHAeHcaur{oHHbrx aJreKTpocrauqnft l0Z
    (OPV, 3py) 29
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    flocrosusas HHepqHHBoAoBoAalgs
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    afperarhr 824, g2S, A2T.
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    J24, B2T 2lg
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    - B ryrrHene lTs
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    ycTaHoBJIeHHoro 100, 1 0 1
    - K3C t02 pa6oqre I22
    - (pacuetrue 3arpa-
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    Crox peK 43, 48 VerH rHAporexHHqecKHXcoopylKeHuft 23
    o6ecne.IeHHocTb 47 VpaeueHnn BoJrHoBbre223
    ocHoBHbIe xapaKTepHcrkrKH 44 Vpanueunn t<one6anus. Macc BoAbI B cncreMe
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    rHH 102 rr{rrbr 184, 193
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    - )KeJre3o6etossnft 2ll - yKJI0H AHa 194
    - 3arBopbl 21,5, 216 - - - 186' 194' 195
    an$QeileHtlua.nrHue
    - ryp6nunuft 197 - 186
    rrHeBMaruqecKHe
    - noJIynHeBMarHqecKHe 186
    : - onopbl 209' 208 - --:- KOHcTpyKqufl196
    noABoA K 3AaHHIorcC 199 (ycrofiqttnocrn
    Vcrofiqunocit ruantrx xo.ne6aHraft
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    : - cxeMbr TIHTaHHfl198, 199 - B <<6onsruona) 189, 195
    rpacca l9B - -pa6ornr H3orII{poBaHHoftfOC 189
    eKoHoMuqecruftntt6op AnaMerpa 207 : - |HApOCTaHI{I'IH
    B gHeproclicTelvlel9l
    TynHe.rrs6esuanopunfi 164 Xo.nocrofi BoAocJIHB, eoploc6poq156, 178, 181
    - uanopnuri 164 - Bbrnyct<234
    pacqer THApaBJIH-uec-111i L72, l'73 lll.rlos iyAoxoAssrfi 28, 29
    .-'- - - gKoHOuuqecrnfi l'72 IIIyna. 3l
    - o6nuqoBKa 167 - B KagaJrax 155
    - rpacca 166 - B HanopHbrx6accefinax 180
    Typ6uua Il8-124 lllynoc6poCHue coopy)KeHnn30, l89-
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    :- OC€BbI€310
    :-- noBoporHo-JlonacrH-ble I18, 119, I23
    - rporeJrJrepHble119
    : rIPo[YcKHafl cnoco6riocrs l2A
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    3HepnHH
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    pyroulHe SJreKTpocraHuI{H,npHJIHBHbIeSreKTpOCTaHUI,IH
    HacocHo-aKKyMy.rrH
    l-2. Hancp, pacxoA ri r\{orqHocrb rHApoeHepreruvecxoii ycra}IoBKH ll
    l.3.ocHoBHbIecXeI{bItic[o/Ib3oBaHvfl'eoAHoii3HepfHI,I t4
    l-4. CnoxHbre H oco6sre cxeMbi HcnoJlb3oBaHilr BoAHbIXpecypcoB 1B
    l-5. KomnnexcHoe Hcnodrlb3oBaHHe BoAHbIXpecypcoB 20
    f ttaea smopan. Cncras n KoMnoHoBKa coopyxeHnfi nl,IApogHeprernqecKofiycraaoBKn . . . 22
    2 - t .O6urue noJIo)KeHHff
    2-2. CoopyxeHufl rHApoysJroB 23
    2-3. KounononKa coop\/>reHufifuApoy3rroB c pyc.noBofi tt rpHUIorHHHofi f3C . 31
    2-4. K o M n o H o e x ac o o i y x e s H r?a e p u B a u H o H H b I X f S c. .. . . . . . . . . 38

    Aacmo emopaf,

    rH.q,PooHEPrETrKA
    -,
    - 3 - 3 , 'rexH. HayK Aorr. IO. C. Bacuaoeo-_S 4-3. KaH4.- reTHj ^qay{ A9\: F.!.
    Kant, foaoeaqeecrcuil,
    S 3-1, , 1 3p-a1.0 A . A o n r o p r e x H . H a y K
    3 - 5 , 3 - 6 A . K a H 4 . r e x H . n a y x A . A . P e s H u r c o a c r c u i lS i__3 - 8 8 3
    n p o Q .I . C . I i l a o e n e e - S 3-2, 3-4, 3-6-3-10, $ 4-1, 4'2, 4-4-4-10, u. 5, 6.
    laaaampembn. Pery.irnpoBaHnecroKa .... 43
    pacqeroB . .
    AaHHbreAJIrI BoAoxo3gficreeuHutx
    3-1. I,lcxoAnbrernApo.,'roruqecKHe . .
    3-2. Buxu pefynupoBaHuncroKa n eurpa6orKH eHeprfiI'l 48
    3-3.BoaoxpaHuJrnrrra .. . o 5t
    3'4. VlcnoJIb3oBaHHe BoAoxpaHHJIHurAJIfl peryJlnpoBaHuflcroKa 54
    3-5. I,IHrefpaJrbHafl KpHBaq npHToKa BoAbr B BoAoxpaHHJIHuleH gHepfnll BoAoroKa 57
    3-6. I'oAuqHoe peryJrupoBaHne croKa . . 59
    3-T.MuoroJlerHeepefyJIHpoBaHHecroKa ... -.... 68
    3-8. CneuuaJlbHbreBHAbrperyJrupoBaHHfl croKa 70
    3-9. PerynnpoBaHHe croKa BoAoxpaHHJrHrr{aMI4 KoMnJIeI(cHbtxrHApoy3/IoB 73
    3-10. O6o6r{eHHbreMeroAbrpacqera MHoroJlerHeroH roAHI{Horo peryJIHpoBaHHflcroKa 74
    fngga qemeepm&n. HcnorugoeaH14e rHApogJreKrpocrauqufi E sHepnocncreMe,
    n HeAeJrbHoeperyJll{poBaHfle' pe3epBbI 9Heprocl'IcTeMbl :r:":":'. 8r
    4-l . 3Heprerr.rqecKHecncreMbl
    85
    + 2. Cyrbuno. HeAq{bHoe '6neQax pe)KHMapa6orbl ['3C .
    pefyrll{poBaHue
    "
    4-3. H"eycranou".ur"fi." pe*lr* e H^aepneaul{oHHblxKaHaJIaxfOC . 89
    4-4. Heienlnoe peryaHpoBaHue 93
    4-5. florepu eHepfulr npu cyroqHoM kr HeAeJIbHoM pefyJII'IpoBaHuI'l
    4-6. OcHosu onruMaJrbHofopacnpeAefleHr.rfl 9Hep-
    Hanpy3KLIMelKAy sJIeKTpocraHqI'IflMIt
    oa_
    rerl4qecKoficucrervrut
    4-7. Pesepnur3HepreTHqecKgx cr,rcreMH ycnoBnfl pa3MeIqeHI{tIp$epBoB Ha rHAposJIeKTpo-
    CTAHI{HflX
    95
    389
    fnana nnma'n. Bn6op ycTaHoBJrenHofiMouIHocrH ru4pogJreKrpocraHqufi
    99
    5-l.9Hepro9KoHoMHqecKHenoKa3aTeJII{rHApo3JIexrpocraHuut1
    f : n - '
    cpeAH-ecyroqHanH nHKoBas MorqHocr.b
    3-r. yg._:neqeHHafl
    5-3. BnrecHfircrrlaflLt ty6lpyroular norqHocrn f3i
    . . a .
    t03
    5-4' ocnoen",lljit?-lj-"ys r05
    iexuuxo-aKorroMnqecKoroo6ocuonaHus ycraHoBrreuHofi
    vrrrrvrr Morr-
    rvrvrrr-
    HocTH fOC c yI{eToM BpeMeHH
    5'5. Texusxo-exouoiraqecxoe
    Qaxropa
    o6ocHoeaHr.re ycraHoB'resHori MorrlHocrr.r igc . . : : . .
    r06
    5-6. Bn6op ycraHoBJreHHofi MourHocrr{ oAHoBpeMeHHoH.rH nocJreAoBareJrbHo 108
    crpofirrluxc,
    ruApogJreKTpoctaHqufi
    l
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    n
    T OAOBbIC OAJIAHCbI MOIqHOCTII
    114
    H SHCP|HH CHCTEMbI
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    Il8
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    f"apou.perarbr
    6-2. JHeprernrrecKuexapar(TepHcruKH
    fn.apoarpefaroB vr ruApoarperarHbrx 6.noxon -- ---^r srrrur^ vvtvr\vD . . 127
    6-3. )uIHocTH feHepaTopa
    6-4. r30
    6-5. l3t
    / p H b r Mr p a Q u x a u H x a p a K T e p H c r u K a M 133
    6-6. )br u orcacbrBarcueli rpy6sr .
    6-7. qero KoJreca rvp6uHtr
    t37
    6-8. 143
    ne rvraxoBbrx r\{acc. ftrApOatpefaTOB 144
    6-9. e H pacxoAe BoAbr . . 146

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    148
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    re cKopocTH TeqeHH' BOAbr B KaHaJre r54
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    7-6. 157
    7-7. r60
    AJIA r62
    f naea Bocbttrafl.Tyrne,nn . . 164
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    " 166
    o 6

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    8-4. Bn6op eKoHoMHrrecKH
    HauBbrroAuefiruero
    ceqeH's ryuuenefi lT2
    lnaea )eenman- HanopHue-^6accefinu n daccefinsr cyroqHoro peryilHpoB aHHfl AepHBa-
    quouHux l'9C
    175
    9-1. So"crpyKuun H ocHoBuoeo6opyAoBauneH a n o p H o f o 6accefisa
    P-?. Poaoc6pocbr,ruyroc6pocurH npoMbrBHbre ycrpuftcrea 180
    9-3., Eaccefiiru cyrorrHoro peryJrnpoBaHufl
    181
    f naea )ecnman, VpannllreJrbHue pmepByapbt
    183
    I0-1. HasHa,reHr.re
    r{ Tu-nbrypaBHHreJrbHbrx
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    l9-3 Yq:BlreHr{nrone6auun'ypouna..BoAbrB pe3epByape
    l0-3. t87
    xone6annfis cucter..yiini,ni- ypuu"nrennHrrfi
    pe3epByap
    ap . : 188
    l 0 - 4 . Yr:^t,:lt-:T.*t{lt_*
    vpannnreribHbre pesepByapbr
    Ha orBoAnuefi'4epr.rna*;;;";;;;;C#"pu[iii"o"v*'
    l0-5. Bu6bp- rirna u onpeAe/reHr.re r92
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    f naaa o)uruna14aman. Tpy6onpoBoAbrrilApooreKrpoCranuufi
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    uero AHaMerpa craJrbHofo rpy6onpoBoAa 207
    t-7. Koro pacxoAa BoAbr ryp6unHbro rpy6o.
    H rroTepb gHepruH 208
    I I-8. IbHoforpy6onpoeo,ud ,... 209
    3e0
    l l -? ; X e . r r e s o 6 e r o H H b r e r p y 6 o n p o B o A
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    215
    I-ttaea daeua)qafttafl. I'raApaeilHqecxuri yAap
    217
    l2-l' fu,[paerrl'recxurl yAap H HeycraHoBuBrr]Hecs
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    l?-? llnnuoriyAap 220
    222
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    I 2 -6 ' fa 4 p a n n n q e c x a tly Aa p u rP yoonforo-i i -c neper{ eH H br& r' auruopu .' .' 230
    VA]i!r.I,
    no A rrH H exapar(rep' C rr-
    ,,7ro .-.........^":..^.,.
    f:::t:t:L.1i: jrBrreHHnno ArrHHe
    rpy6onpoao4a 231
    13 3 lllo:"_'."qe.xu* yAap; y;;;;;;;^' :' ;;;;;,";;;,*; r,upo"nu,,,,, 232
    no yMeHblueHHroAaBrreHHn npH fr.rApaB.rrrrqecKor\i
    yAape
    rii-i;
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    l p o f p a M M H O ep e f y J r H p o B a H r i e 234

    lacmo qemeepmafl

    SAAHHfi rl|APOOTIE[tTPltctEcHffX CTAHr{Hf,


    K a n 4 .r e x H . H a y x . 4 . ! , F r p : c t c . u o t- i s ^! 3 - 3 8 , . _ l B - 4 - : l 9 - l64, - 3 _ .
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    r4_2.
    fnaea mpuua1Taman. ocHoe'He rHnbr u KoMnoHoBxa zyanufi foc 237
    13-1. OcHoBHbre rnnbr saanrlfi fOC
    l?-? Bo4onpueMHHKr.r pycJroBbrxH npHnJroruFrHbrx ^fOC
    lQ a
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    244
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    ro-o. IJepxHeecrpoeHue, uaruusnufr ga.rr,MoHTalKHas 247
    nJrouaAKaH ripaHoBoeo6opy,lo_
    BAHHC
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    sreKTpHqecr{oroo6opyrtoea*Hfl,H BcrroMo-
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    25r
    257
    l'naoa uem,pna1qqman. ocHonu flpoeKTHpoBaHHfl u pacqera sua'uit rgc . 270
    l1-1. 9"peAeJreH'e nJraHoBoroH BbrcorHororroJrox{eHr.r
    n sAaHHflroc
    l4-2. IloaseNrHufir(oHryp slaHus fOC .
    . . 273
    l4-3. Pac,remr ycroftuu"ebcraH npoqHocrz
    274
    f naea nnmua)tqamafl. Cnequa;lrHbrerurrbr s4aHnft fgc
    282
    15-1. CoeMeqeHHbreH BoAocilHeHue f3C
    l9-?. gt-pbrrbre H norryorKpbrrbre
    fOC .
    ro-J. lloA3eMHbreH. noJry[oA3eMHblef3C 290
    15-4. I-Ipoque cnequaJrbnbre runbr fOC 292
    296

    4acma nlma,E

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    K a H r . . r e x H . _H a y K E . o . K a s a r u 4 e-e_ g T - _ r _r z, - 2 . n q o g . I r p e m p o_ $ 1 6 - 1 , 1 6 - 4 _ r 6 _ 2 ,
    l7-1, 17-3,17'4- lroxiop re*H. nuvn npoo. ^l ^r-.
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    l6-3.Bu6op ycraHoBrreusol'r 305
    r,roururbciu
    HAOC 306
    l 6 - 4 . Arperartr HA3C
    l 6 - 5 . Hacocuo-rvp6uHHsre 307
    BOAOBOAbT
    l 6 - 6 . Tunsr saai;t HAaC 312
    t 6 - 7 . HacocHlre craHI{HH B cxeMax rHApaBJIHqecl(oro aKK)/ilry,i'Ir4poBaHHfl
    3HeprHH 3t7
    f ttaea cenna)qaman,[Ipn,nnnnuegJreKTpocraH[HH
    320
    !!-!.gxeruuH pex(HMnr pa6oruIIpHnuBHbrxoJleKTpocraHqufr
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    nOC 323
    17-3.ArpefatunAC'
    L7-4. I(omnoHoerallSC H KoHcrpyKuHH 324
    ax sAaHuri.
    391

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