.

lrl,l:
,': ;iill
iT't
iI !:
.{i r

i'i,|,,TF.
-ffii.
 H. A. il/IOTFIHKOB
d;P reJcH,.
Hagtc,npo6.,
,ua,U
pea,rI ocgdapcrbeunortnpelyrttu

NPOEI<TNPOBAHI4E
CMCTEM
I4CKYCCTBEHHOfO
BOC|IOJIHEHWfl
noASEArrHbrx
BOA
Ann BOAOCHAE)I{EH4L

Mocrsa
Crpoufius4ar
19,83
 . . - _ _ _ f l

7
IIPEAI{CJIOB14E
) paSBIl'
B ocHo,sHHx HanpaBJreHLIflX3l(oHoMHqecKofo H couHaJIbHOro
Ha lggl-1985 roAu u Ha neproA Ao 1990 roAa, IIpHHfrbIx
. fleqaraercfi rl{fl cccp
rro-_petrle]rarc
cexqun r,ruTeparrvDbl ycHJIeHHf nogcKa fl
Ba*uro peAalKui.r no trnlKeHepHoMyo6opy4o- XXVI cbesAoM K[CC, yKa3aHo Ha ueo6xoAtltrlocft
oHHoro coBe* brp oii
pasBeAKlI IIOA3eMHbIX BOA.
"#;;;:," paft-
- A-p rexH. rrayK floeneAHee BpeMfl ea py6exoM B ptAe crpaH, a nfifl HeKOTOpbIX
fl, fl. Cnpoauc, KaqecTBa 'B AOCTaTOTI'
oHoB H y Hac n occP fioflyqeHr.te BoAbI xopoulefo
_leuenserrr HoM KoJrur{ecrBeAJIfl xogtficrneuuo-,rrHTbeBo,fono4ocHa6xeHltfl craHoBHTcf,
s.ce 6oflee tPY4uofi gaAaqefi.
, BlrHMaHHeyAeflfeTcff llclloJIbSoBaHHK)
,B HacTorrqeft pa6ore o'cHoBHoe',
HCKyCCTBeHHOTO BOCnofiHeHHr noA3eMHbrx EoA (l4BnB) Ans' xossficTBeHHo'
ngrtesoio soAocHa6xeggt. Kpoue roro' LIBIB ilpnMeHtloT AJIfl nuq€-
rAe rpe6yetcr BoAa ttuTbeBblx XOU.quUuft'a TaKXe
nOfi npOTu5IIuJIeHHOCTII,
AJrrI HppHfaIrI{H,o6soAHeHns' nd'ct6uur ll Apyrux uelefi'
B pa3Bnrse <<OcHosBoAHoro 3aKoHoAareJlbcrBa CCCP n colo3Hblx
petsny6flHK>,yTBepx{AeHHbIxs 1970 r.'.'fAe npeAycMoTpegblnopnAoK Hc-
'14
noJrb3oBaHilfl,LI OXpaHbI BoA OT 3afpfl3He',Hut HCToilIeHHfl, Ha Ceccl{n
,npnHnro nocraHoBJleH[e
Bepxonuoro Cosera CCCP n ceurn6pe 1972 r.
o Mepax no 4a.nlHeftrueuy ylyqueHylo oxpaHbl npgpoAbl H pallHoHanb'
HOMy HCnOJIb3OBaHHIO TIpHpOAHbIX pecypcoB.
Ha uoa6pucrou (1982 r.) flnenyrrte IIK KIICC 6uro orMerlego'
qro oAHa lrg r.naniuurxgaAaq oAr.rHHaAllarofinnrS.netxu-6oJlee paulloHaJlb-
HOe fiOnOrb3oBaHHenpoH3BoAcT!eHnofo noTeHIILIaJIaCTpaHbl' BceMepHaf
gKoggMIIfl BCeX BuAoB peq.ypCoB,oxpaHa npr'rpo,qsofi CpeAbI B I'IHTepeCaX
H rpnAyullx nol(oJlelllrf{'Ha o'rtt qenH B tcliyulefi nflTH'
"nloAeftIIbII{eullIHx
'Jrerr{e npeAycMorpeHoH3pacxoAosarl 6onee i0 unp4. py6. rocy4apirneu'
IrbIX KanHTaJIbHblxsnoxerlHfi.
flpn npoeKTrrpoBaHnu cr4creMI4BilB Heo6xqAuMopa3pa6arHsarr Han'
6onee gxoHol''tfliHble n e00er<rnnHble rexHHI{ecKEepe[IeHufi c paqnonaJlb'
llnoruuxoe Ftr.A. HbrM I{uroJrb3oBaHHeM cyulecrByloilll{x no4osa6opon 14 o6opy4on a:Hvrfl'.PnX
n 39 flpoexrapoBaH'ec'creM HcKyccrBer{Horo aa4aU, CBfl3a:HHbIxC npOeKTHpoBaHHeM cl{cTeM I4BI-IB, pe[IeH' 'HO Ao nO'
HeHr4n noA3eMHbrx
Bocnofl- cJreAHe[oBpeMenr.rue,6u.nu o6rscueutt npoqeccbl, npoucxoA.slque nneHKe
'B
!QA e,nx BOAOCHaOXenTEs.-
"" M.: raK)Ke npoqeccbl'
tvtttNpo6noJIorHqecKI'le
Ctpor?Hs
A&r, 1983.- ZBi cl,'-in. r,ru{rurtpaqq,oHHbrx 6accefiHoR, a
r'o..* . BJIHflIoIqueHa ylyrlurenlle xa'IecrAa BoAbI'
q11cflopa6or
3a noc.;1eAggeroAbl s CCCP ony6nuronano 6onruoe
no I4BIIB
OAsaro Bo MHorr{x pa6orax .c HeAocraro,{Hofi,no.nHorofipaccMorpeHbl
Bo,npocbI B3a14MoAeficrsHgn{Ap.oreoJIotnqecK}tx'rHApoilorl'IqecKI{x, TexHH'
non5o"?;19::::"_l*:*_l:lg$dff qecKux 14 caHHTapHo'rurHeHHqecKHxycaonul:t eKcn'ryaralrul'I HBIIB' 3rn
,:f,;*c;t;""#f
--.^-,rvtrvyrrv-reAnnatccKHx
fr"fl
DaooTHHk^D rr6Er^r,^6, Dulllu\Jl-Irr
t hp qav w^r^l qrr.P4t L6Dnq ^rvrLD arrrr\^cr
v'L
u
D
uan'rncttttrfi n a6ote
r-"---'
f- -l fn w- - n n o -e- -K- - T
--f - HDoB
I
- aHHH

yr{er KflHMarflrlecKHx,rHAporeo-
i4B'nB ilpeAycMaTpHBaercfl KoM,rrJr€,KCHbIii
3302000000-388 noiltqecrux H rHApoJlorl.IqecKnx,TexHIIIIeCKPtxV CaHHTapHO-IHIHeHHqeCKHX
l9l-82 E B K3 8 . ? 6 1 . 1 BoAo3a6opoBIIo,4'
l{Melolrluxc.fl
0 4(7o r ) - s s ycaoeuft, npr{ Hc,rIoJrbsoBaHLIH
MaKcr{MaJIbHoM
6C9.3 r geMHbrXBOA C O6Opy4OaaHI{eM, a (aK)Ke B KoMnJIeKceC BoAOnPOB6AOM B
ueJroM.
@ CrpofiH3Aar,
lgga
3
 Hexoropue Borpocbr. HanpEMe'p
npeABapfiTeiibHoeilnocJ-re^yrouee
yfiyqule'fie KaqecrBa BoAbI,
6ypenue cKBaxr{H, aBTo,MarI{3orIaR
i=;ra n a I. OE'IL(HE BOIIPOCbICHCTEM
u Apyrrie
cne'I'srz'recKrie Borrpocbr,
aar#o"o He prarr"prBarorcq; o'r.r r]3.rrox(eHbr
H C K Y C C T B E H H O TBOO C T I O J I H E H HNf lO A S E M H b I X
B crreqr{aJrrnofilareparype. BoA (HBilB)
'B HacTorilrerr pa6ore o6paulaerca
BHr4MaHHe Ha MaKcHMaJrbHoe Hc-
no.rrbgoBaFrHenpr4porHbrx yc.[onHfi, xoropbre onpe4e/rflroT
guaqarentuorlr cTeneHr.r cxeMy I4BI]B H s
Mor.yr yAerxeBHTb nocJreAHroro.
Cnequ0r.rqecKr.rMLr
l. HA3HTAIIEHHE
CH,CTEMHTBIIB
oco'6eHHo'crflMH rrpoeKrr.rpoBaHHfr.
I,IBIB .qn"
goBaHHr4 rrpfi ucfloJrb- '
"oa;,cHa,6xeuilfl
[oBepxHocrnori BoAbr A,rrflBocrtoJrHeHus flbc,rreAHneAaHHbre no r.r3yr{eHuro eK,cnJryaraquHnoABeM-,
noAgeMHbrxBoA n uH$nnt-
TpaIIHoHHrtx 6accefiuax I{
Apyrr4x coopy)Kegr4flx flB1rflercffpacqeT Ko.n'qe: HbIX goA npHBoAflTK BbrBoAy,rrro B 6o.nluuHcrBe cryqaeB
crBa 'BoAbr fi yfiyrrueHHff ee KarrecrBa, n p H Q o p n a u p o B a H H3uK c [ J r y a r a r l u o , H H b3r xa r r a c o B , i l o A S e M H b r x
a npH un$n.nrrp at\t+vrs HanopHble
rop'soHTbr oco6oe BHHMaHueo6,paulaercfr
Ha BoAorroAroToBKy BoA' T. e. pa'cxoAa,noJlyqaeMoropauHoHaJIbHbIMH soAosa6o-
14pacqer ,,o-
rJIOuIarcuI'HXcKBa)r{aH;Kportre Toro, pacrrer
no40sa60pon [oAseMrrbrx BoA
paMH, ecrecrBeHHufipacxoA [oA3eMHbrxBoA cocrarBJrflerHe-.
)tcJrolKHrreTcffnoflBJreHr.reM HoBbrx ycnoaurt HcKyccrBeHHbrM.eocnoflHe-,
6onluryro qa.crb, a B pr,u,e cryr{aeB npa,KT[r{ecKr4 pa'Berr Hy-
,H}IEMNOASCMHbIX BOA. 3rV BONPOCbI ffBJIfIOT,Cfi OCHOB'HbIMH,
Jrrc, tlacro o,i('crrJryaraqaoHFrbre sanacri QoprranpyroicnB oc-
HO C HHMI,I
yBff3aHqe"unfi prA AOnOJrHHTe.rrbHbrx HoBHoMsa cr{er :noBepxHocrFrbrx BoA H AJrfrpflAa BoAo3a6o-
BorrpocoB,OflpeAe/rrrorrr'xcfiTaKX(e
cneqn4urori I{BIIB. p o B H s a p r e 3 H a H c K H.xr o p H 3 o H r o B( H a n p H v r e p I, ( a e n ) . O t o
B 4anuor?pa6ore r/raBy VI Hanl.rcaJr xapaKTepHo AIrfl 6eperontrx uusra.nlrpaqtroHHbrxBoAo3a.6o-
K. C. Eoronrc6on,r,nauyVII _
H, H. ,IlanuruH, VIII yt IX _ B. C. A.rexceesH f. M.
,rrraBbr POB, KOfAa ,nOqTH B,Ce HX OCHOBHOe .nATaHI4erilOJIyrIaeT,Cff I4g
rJraBaXII HanucanaH. A. rl.rro*r'KoBbrM yqsql Kon4uynap;
rrp?r uprB. M. Eep4a'oBa. rroBepxHocr Hbr x BoA r {epe3 , BO , {O HO CHUTl f opH3O HT. f I Ur aUUe
3a qe'Huure3aMegaHHfl, rs4s.qz.HHbre
upu per{e'sr{poBaHHnpa6oru, aB- (socnonneHr ae) , [ oA3eM , Hbr xBoA npoHcxoAnr 3a cqer noBepx-
TOpflpr'Hooar6naroAapH.Crbfl. f . cnponu,cy H ocr HbI X BoA e paf ioHe BoAo3a6opoe H Aa) Ke Ha or AeJr bHoM
]r 3a rorrorr{b rrp,uoQopnr.rre_
uuu p'a6oruA. fI. TKa,renxow JI. A. Cy66oruHori. ero'yqacr Ke 6eg, cner luaJr bHbr x Aor r oJr r {HTeJr bHbrr {H}KeHepHbr
x x
Mepon,pH srufi.
flpu I4BilB crasulbs 3aAarla yryqrxr4rb vJrLrnoJrHocrbro
o6ecne,rurl Bocno/rHeHr.re noA3eMHbrx BoA npt{ Hx gKcnJryara-
Il.xH, Hcllo/lb3yfl npo,cTbleHHX(eHepHbIe MeporrrpH
fTH'', H TeM
caMbIM yBeJIHqLITb Hx or6op H rrroJryriuTbeoAy xoporxero ,K?-
r{ecrBa AJtn Bo,AocHa6xeHus.flpu FreAocraroqHoMpacxoAe
notsepxHocrHblx'BoA B orAe/lbHbte nepHoAbt yAaercfl 'co3.
Aarb 3a[acbr noA3eMHbrxBoA, qro6u HcrroJrb3oBarb Hx pe-
ryJiHp'yrcil{ylo eMKocrb. 3ro HepeAKo odxoAur'cs AelxeBJre
crpoHTeJrb,cr,Ba'BoAoxpaHHJrr,ril{ noBepxHocr,Hbrx BoA. Kpovre
TOrO,.14'CKyCCTBeH,HOe BOCriO,rrHeHHe
rroA3eMHbrxBoA npH onpe-
AeJreHHbrxycJroBHflx Mo)Ker flpeAoxpaHHTbnocryn;ieHr{e co-
JICHbIX BOA B BOAOHCCgUIi fOPII3OHT. IIPU 9KCn/IYATAqHH
I4B[B BosMoxHo rro,BbruleHue ypoBHfl )noA3eMHbrx BoA, qro
c f i o c o 6 c r B y e r c o x p a H e H I { r oe K o J r o f H q e , c x ocfpi e A b r , , H a n p L r M e p
Jrecae parioHeBoAosa6opo'e rroA3eMHbrx BoA.
3aAaqa I,lBnB noJryqurb 6o.nr,ruofipacxoA eoAoaa6o-
p8, B O C C T a H O B H T bH , n a ) K e C O 3 A a r b A O n o J I H L I T e J T b H L , I.e_ e K , e t r . n y -

BepxHocrHofr BoAbr. Heu Jryque Kaqe,crBo racxo4nofi tsoAbr,

t

t reu 6o.[b[re y,npoularorcffcoopy]KeHHrr

AJrfl ee oqHcrKH14CHH-
I
a
I x(aeTcfl crot{Mocrb nocJleAHefi
.
!

IE
I
 H,exy'cctBe'HoeBocrroJIHeHHe
iioAseM,Hbrx BoA Hs noBepx-
HocrHbtx- orHocureJrbHoAerueBbrircnoco6 [oryqeHHg
KoHAH-
IIITOHHbIX NHTbEBbIX BOA. tr4CXY,CCTBEHHO
BOCNOJIHflCMbIC NOA.
SeMHbIe BOAbI' 'I{aK U InOASeMHbIe BOAbI
IIHTbeBOTO KarIe,CTBa,
H.CNOJIb3}IOTCff B TICPBYIO OqCPCAb
AJIN XOSgI?,CTBCHHO-IIHTbC.
EOTO TBOAO.CH?6XCUUN, A TAKX(C AJIff NHIIIEEOI? IPOMbIIIIJICHHO-
CTI{. IIOASCUHUC, TJIABHbIM O6PASOVT U'PE','B,HCKHE
npuMeHflForH A,rrn KoHAHrrHoHHpo,BaHHs -ebsAlxa. BOAbI,
IIpu eroM.
orpa6oraHHbre'BoAbre noBbrrrreirHofi reMnep4rypofi c6pacii-
i

Banr rracro rB TOT)r(e BoAouocur:li ropl4soHT- (Mocrna,'Horc- (

Plopx s Ap.) B raKHX cfiyrraflx'Heo,6xoAHMo yrrarbrBarb tso3- (
Mox('Hocrb noBbrrrre,HHrreMneparypbr noAseilHrrx ,BoA. (
nc-
Kyc,cTBeHHO ,BOCnO.rrHteMbreInoASeMHbIe iBoAbI Pnc. l. Cxeua HBflB orKpbtroro I rnna ll3 n(F
MOryT. BepxHocrHbrxBoA c HsSnarrpalluoHHbtMu 6accefi.
pa'exoAoBarbcff Anfl ,ceJrbcKoxbsqricrBeHHO-,nHTbeBoro HaMll.n 6eperonofi nnQn.nrrpaqnefi
BOAO_
cna6xeHHq H B oco6enno,crul\Jtfl Mo;rorrHbrx a - B rrJraHe:/ - pexa (osepo, BoAoxpatruluule);
sepvr. Taxuu 2 - noAosa6op us noaepxftocrHbrxBoA; 3 - sacoc-
o6pasovr, npn IrcKyccrBeHHoMBocno/rHeHHH noA3eMHbrxBoA H a s c r a r r q u qI n o A ' b e M a4; - r p y 6 o n p o B o A ; 5 -
BO 'BCexHaSBaHHbrx ,c/ryqasx craBHTCflsaI.a,qa6ecnepe60rluo coopy)KeHvfl &ilfl npeABapnreJlbHoroynyq_ueHHt
KarrecrRaBoAbt; 6 - nn$u.lrrpallHoHHble Oaccefi'
YAOBJICTBOPSTb TNOTPE6HOCTHrB IBO"(E KOHAHIIHOHHOTO KAqCCT.. Hbr; 7 - crsax(uHbr soAosa6opa; -E - noAosa6op
noA3eMHbrxBoA lls cKBaIKHH;9 - pery.nnpynuluft
sa. cneAyeT HMeTb B BrirAy, rrro AoBecrH Ao KoHA u[iufi ilo
KAIIECTBY I{CKY'CCTBCHHO BO,CNOJIHfiCMbIC ,NQA3CMHbIE
BOAbI
MOX(,HOAO NOAAIIH K NOTPC6UTCJIIO
AOIOJI.HI,ITCJIbHbIM;HX }JI}TI.
IIreHHeM,rlsllleBC€ro xJropHpoBarrHeM, Hanpr{Mep no 6"axie-
puaJr_bHbrMnoKasareJrfiM,H ApyruMr{ cnoc o6dvu.
Ha p'c. I noxasaHa oAHa HB cxeM Bo,o,,oJrHeHHff,
noA-
3eMHbrxBo,AH3..inOrBepxHocrHbrx Q npuMe_HeH?reM unsunlrpa-
'u"S'-";;;;;-ft
'6a,CCefi.nOn
III{OHHbIX v o n,T{orrnpr\rATrrrrr 6atrannn^# rrrrl*r w- -
" #il;;lio, "ln##n
paauu. BoAaB p.nu Taxas )Ke ,cxeMa (6eperonan nHQu'utrpalrufl Lr I'lBnB) *o-'
6axrepuofiorHqecxnfi
,cocraB, nogToMy nepeA rnoAaqefi x(er 6um Ue,[,ecoo6pasrrofiAJIfl IIoJIVqeHHfl66nlurero pac-
ts xoAa. I4s cKBaxHH pnc. l,a eo;1osa6opa c norpyx(HblMla
uHQnnrrparIHoHHue 6ac,cefiunr HylKAaercfl ,B ilpeABapHTerrb-
nofi oqllcrKe. aJreKTpoHa,cocaMnBoAa Ilocryraer B pery,nupyloutnfi pesep-
Byap, orKyAa BoAa Ha,cocHofi ,crartquHII noAbeMa cHaIIafia
noAaeTcfl Ha coopy)KeHlifi iioc,rle!,]ioi:ieft o-.il{crKli, a 3aTelit

He MeHee2-3 vt.
tsoAe, a raK>Ke,B cBff3H'C Bbrfl:BHeueficsI{ nporp6ocupymillefi Cxe'uu pacr{oJloxesnfi cKBaxHH, coopyxeuut? trpeABa'
IZAITLrta'r.orrrrafi
rlvcrslYrqrclr{rrrJrl
nrr^n^
l,rYLJld.
6A,,r?
uctt'14
^^^e^^----
tte,/tr(:(tt)t)ttr'{FIn
z-.,
nI-TIrrl
2
hT-T \TE Arrfrffrrmf
purenuuofi H rocJle/Iyrcurefi orIHcrKH ,Bo,u,bl,
pesepByapoB u
pacxoA',BOAO3a60pq H,cKyccrBeHHbrM,BOCrrOJrHeHH H A C O C H b I XC T A H U I 4 HM O
neoM
AseM-
Taxuna,o6pasola,,BoAanocryraer B ,BoAo3a6op LrL 2. T}I.TIbI CHCTEM IIBTIB
Il{I_
peKH"?{.(cna.puc. l, 0l 6es,orpbrBaypdnHnrpyHroB"r* ;; , fIofHAporeoJIorHrIecI(HM t4 TexHHqecKI{M y,cJIoBHflM Mo)K-'
ee AHa H CO'CTOpOHbr Unounrrpaqr{oHHux "5a
6a.ccefiuon,
coxpa- TpH O CHO BHbI reHna HCKyc'cTBeHHO rBO
H O BbTAeJI HTb O CnO JI He-
Hfl,fl,BoHy aeparluu noA ,4HoMuu$nntrpar{HoHHoro6ac,cefi-ua.
HHfl ,UOAseMHbrXts04;
 nrrrt.'EJ.l\^ 'rn?' ---- - ----- o r
I rzn
HHo-1rbrpaqH;; J'; ;? ; ##"; 'eunrni[uun br paurril r{3
Qr'rrr
:?T,!#;; l" " "
II run BaKpbrroe,rp' qepes cKBa]r{HHbr,
I(OJrOArlbr;
III THn
IJ
r{cnoJrb30BaHr4eM ecrecrBeHHbrxLr[rr4HapyixeHHbrxybnonrar?u )<
q,
ux ge6oJIbrrlnxy,rlyvrueuur?. o_
flpn I rane HrcKlccrBeHHgroBocroJr,HeHHfi (orxpnrovr)
Hc[OJrb3yrorcflfpy,HToBbreBoAbr nep,Boroor noBepxuo,-crH
BO-
AOHOCHO|O ropr.rsoHra,He flepeKpbrTorocBepxy BoAoHenpoHH_
IIaeMbrMl.rrOPO,AAMH HnH ,nphrMorrlHo,crHnocJreAHr{xHe 6o"rree
.r-o M. nlHql/lilbrpauHfl BOAbr Anfl, BocnoJrHeHHfMox(eT
IIpo-
HCXOAHTb H,a n p r { M e pB
, 6 a c , c e l i s a xv K a H a B a x .
I.nn oariofi
Hs cxeM ITIBIIB ,c unQrz"rrlrparlrjoHHlrMu6accefiHa*^ (cm.
pv c. 1,6) BoAa rrocrynaer rai peNn. frpn He6o.ulurofi*orno-
crr Bo!,oHocHofocJrofl (o6uuuo ,He 60nee 6-g u) BMecro
BOAO3a6opHuxcKBax(r4HsaK/raAbiBarorfopr{SoHTaJrbHbre BO-
'
Ao3a6opsr. B HeKoropbrx,cnyJar,x 6onee rleJrecoo6purror*
oKa3br,Baer,cflnyuenoft BoAo3a6op (as ropz3oHrantuux cKBa_ P n c . 2 . C x e u a H B n B s a K p r , r r o n or n r r a H 3 n o B e p x n o c r H b r n : (o A
xuH) , HanpvMepj cr.rcreMeI4BilB cofrosruot-KupaHnr / - B o A o 3 a 6 o pn s n o B e p x H o c r H b r B x o A ; 2 - s a c o c r r a f lc T a H q H r I n o A r e u a : 3 - c o o p y -
anq r r q o q f i c r r c r B o A b r ;4 - H a c o c u a f fc r a H r { H f lI I n o A r ' e u a ; 5 - 3 a A B H x x n ; 6 - H H -
BoAocHa6N<e,Huq flparu e tlexoc.noBaKHH;pacxoA sroro Bo_ ) K e r { H rA
$u;rrrpaquoHHbre (non.noulanulne) u aoAosa6opr{brecKBax(nuu; 7 - BoAoBoA K norpe-
4osa6opa cocraBJrflerl5,O ru,c. lrs/cyr BoAbr. 6xrerrc

floAreu BoAbrHB cKBaIKHH,MolKer ocyulecrBJrrrb,cflcu$o-

uou, BcacblBaIouIHMHacocaMI{ kr rrorpyx{HbrMHue,nrpo6ex<- lll run I4B[B flBJrflercfluau6o.neenpocrbrM; npeABapn-
HbrMHsJreKTpoHaCOcaMH; ApyfHe BHAbrBoAorronbeMHHKOB TeJrbHoeyayqrxeHne KaqecrBa BoAbr He npr4MeHqercr. llo
B
HACTOflUICC ,BPCMq IPHMCH'IIOTCfl IB' HCKJIIOI{HTCJIbFIbIX cxeMe i4BnB iii runa MaKcr{MaJIbHo Hcnoirsyrorcfl ecrecr-
CJIV.
qaflx. BeHHbreycJroBHfl(crapHqu, 3arorr/reHuelrIr3KHXreppac) H
llpz II ru:rre 14cr(y,ccrBeHHoro
rBocro/rHe,HHfl HapyueH.Hbleyc,'IoBnfl (LononunTe.i'IbHaq
Su.rrrrpa\r4fl noBep-
(saxpurona)
3KC[JryarHpyrorcfl BoAoHOCHbre xHocrHbIXBoA B IIoA3eMHbIertpu ycrpoficrne nJrorHH, BoAo-
rrJracrbr npH r.rry6oNo.u r4x
xpaHlrJrHrrl,KaHaJroBu npou.) c ueAopornMn yryqueHurMn.
Ilnnr*,ro -e3BaHHbIX
r\yVIYrv llq\ THnOB CHCTSM I4B[B
vllvlvlYl ILU. IIpHMeHfiIOT ,CH=
creMbr 14BnB c zuQu,urrpaqHer?qepe3 rpaBflHbreroKpbrruff,
Koropbre roflyrrHfiH pacnpocrpaHeHHeB fAP. B rpaBflHbrx
6accefiHax,c.nofi,BqAbIHe6onluofi - Ao AecflTKoBcaHTHMer-
NA H3 ABYX PflAOE CKBA>KI,IH,KOTOPbIC.C IOMOIIIbIO SAABHX{CK
poB, a BoAa r1rfl Hucpu.umpaquuMox(er B HHx noAaBarbcfl,c
MOryT nonepeMeHHo C,rryxHTb Un$UnrrparIHoHHbrMH noBbrrrreHHofi MyrHocrbrc rio cpaBHeHuro c cHcreMaMI{I runa.
H BOAffia-
6oputruH; oro B psAe cflyqaeB flBJrflercr BecbMa xeJrareJlbHbrM,
I4,uSunaTpauHoHHbIecoopylKeHnf c rpaBflHbrMuroxpbrruflMlr
HO HeCKOJTbKOy,CJrO>KHfer ,cHcreMy noAaqH BoAbI B CKBaX{I{HbI ycrpauBaror B BHAe Her,uy6oxuxuHQunrrparlnoHHbrx6accefi-
Lr prKaqKH r4s Hrrx. flpuue_irrror H lpyrue ,cxeMbr,B Koropbrx HoB, B Koropbrx AHo 'noKpbrBaIoT AepHoMHs rpaB, He 6oquux-
rnrnv l^. I T v^ rI vI !I rr+I q
J r' v\ T
4 {Tr Ir T
vtA Tr
It
Dr\rrnDoK^^tttt
D\,rA\,rocrv\_rLr.fl,El
c r r o A T o n J r € H r 4 fr B T e [ J r o eB p e M f f o A a , a g H I v I o f3 a T o n J I e H H f ;
Ha3HaqeHHronocroffHHblMr.r. Taxan ,cxeMa rrpoule, Ho Kn.4
ee qaule HH)Ke,qe'M,cxeMbl,Ha pnc. 2. ueo6xoAuMocru ycTpanBalor crpa)KAellnr c BailHr<aMla.
Cucreuu I4B[B I rHna flpH $H"rrrrpar\krr c noBepxHocri.r 3. NPHMEHEHHEHIBTIIB B CCCPH 3A P}46EXOM
seMJrHBclpglgprcff qarqe, rar( Kar( oHLr6onee AerrreBbre,
rreM Onur HccJreAoeaHHr? oKcrrJlyararrHr.r
HBIIB o,nHcaH B
cucreMbrI4BilB II rlrra, pr.u,eoreqecrBeHHblx [5, 28 v Ap.] w sapy6exuux pa6or.
I
 6

BaHHTTpevuofi BoAbI nJloxoro ,KarlecrBa, Ho c yryqueHl{eM ee

AO KOH,AT.TIIHOHHOTO. 3'HaqUreJIbHOe yqacrHe B yflyrIIIreHI',I}I"
Ar."; KAIICCTBA:BOAbI IB YKA3AHHOM BbIIIC IIPHMCPC IPHHI,IMAIOT
uu Q unr r pauHouHble KaHaJI bI u I so/ {oHocuuf i r opH3oHT B ne-
cKax. BoAa [oflyqaercn 6onee ,Bbr,cor(oroKarlecrBa H AeIIIeBJIe
no'cpaBHeHHrc,c ApyrHMH BO3MO)KHbIMIB , Ia p I ' I a H T a M H C X e M
Pnc' 3. cxeua HBllBlorxpbrroro t B o AooHa6xeut as Cet epHux HuaepJI aHAoB.
n pafione A*rcrep4anrar roa-
"unun#r?ogrpefiu B CIIIA I4BilB {npI{MeFInIor rorlru Bo Bcex lllrarax c
l*p9Aq.q_6op_Ir p. Pefiu c uacocsoficrauqreft; 2.- oqncurbrecoopyx(ennn(cxopue
QHnbrpbt H xnopr.{goaanre); 3-soAonoAst;'4-paftoH
ur.rpoKuM HcnoJIbBoBaIIHeM npocref,rulux coopyx{err4i4: BoAa
4roH; o_HH(punbrparluoHHbre
KaHaBbI B AIoHax; 6
129Lo7a!op
H3 cxaaxl-tH; 7 - nocneiyrouree ynyqueHfie l(asecrBa Tpe6yercfl Ailr,'BoAocHa,6xesus, opoueHl4fl, KoHAI'IuuoHI{po'
BOAbr (ooe3xeJre3unauue); 8 _ r. Aucrep4au
BAHHfl, BO3Ayxa, KaK Sarpa)K,II,eHI{e, IIperIfTCTrByloII{ee BHeA-
peHr . r r ccoJI eHbI XTpyHTO BbI X'BO AB 3KCnJI yar lI pyeM bI e_npecHble
9_ry!l"KoBaHo HecKonbKor{_ccJreAoBaHHr? pa6orn cHcreM noLn. Hair6o.nee IIIHpoKo Hc,noJlbsyior I4BilB s KarHSop'
HB[B, ionoxeuHbrx Ha^ Mex4yuapoAHoM cr{,Mnos'yMe HLIKT.
no noA3eMHbrM BoAaMB Blururcce B Hrorre lg7g r. [t 4. fu4poreofioruqecKl{e y,cJIoBI{fl B KanuQopHHH 6naronpu-
cre.qyer orMernTb,qro rroBepxHocTHbreBoAbIeule B aH-. flTHbI:. TaM l{Melorcff 'KpyrI,HbIe aJTJrroBr4aJIbHbIe 6a'c'cefigu c
rHrrr{oeBpeMflB sacyuJrHBbrxpafioHax co6upanuB noJrbrx MorrlHocrbro ,BoAoHOCHbIXnOpOA AO HeCKOJIbKHXCOTeH MeT'
uHcrepHax,.no3)Ke3TH,rlHCTepHbI
craJrr4SanoJrHflrt,necxol,ru poB, Bnrecru'Mocrb erl,Ix 6aocefinon orpeAeJlrlor B 990 KMg
t'1 'uauuczltl
^r \ nl,qprrvrYrr
a Dr,lar,f trrtl',Att
r\-rl\rtj[ n trrtdn E?
ArLvrr EJtDttLrE
r'A^
lJPtrAtrx UUXPaHHI'b TIHCTyIO
la
UaMbf
^ -:- --o-
ll rKpllf Hbr.kl aJLJLK)bna,)tbrlbtn tb AU,/rn.riE
BOAY. BOAbI.
Sror cno,co6 BKrroqafi_He roilxo ucr,yccrBeHnoeBocrroJrHe. p. CalcpaMeHro c ee npuroKoM p. Can-I4oryun flBJIffercfi oc-
HHe SanacoB noA3eMHbIxBoA, Ho H 'coBAaHI{eno cyilIecTBy HOBHbTM opo[IeHHfi u rBo[oc,H86xenug B Kanu'',
u,CTOrrHuKoM
He6ofibruux HcKy,ccrBeHHbrx nor3eMnbrx enaxocrefi. Iiure He- Qoptrul.t.
AaBHo 'B Beneurau ! 1400 ur{crepHax (c necxor\{) sa,nacanar B 1965 r. ,noA3eMHbIx BoA AJIff BqAocHa6x<euugH opoue-
200 ruc. us ,Bonn. Hr.Ter,B ^ \Bf
6u-.ltono.JlvrleHo20 M.IIDtr.M3. T. e. oKoJIo
Ka"rrurboDqr4r4 ... .. - -.
J
- ..---
r ^. .'.
,

3a py6e)KoM I4B[B Haq.arrr4 oco6esuo ruupoKo npr.rMeHflrb 'BoAbI.K 2000 r. nporHo3npyercfl

500/oBcefi norpeSnsenrofi
rocJreAHHgAe,cfrunerus. B Pypcr<olzo6na,cru (opf) 3a Roc- 9ro norpe6JleHHe B 2 pa3a.CHaqana9l(crJlyara-
yBefiHrlHrb
JrqAHHel0 .ner qucfio cucreM I4B[B yBeflt{rrn;rocbnprrMepgo - IrHff noAgeMHblx BoA BeJIacr '6eocucreMH'o H 6es Ha,qJIe)KaIIIe'
B 5 p a s . B O P f u H e K o r o p b r xA p ) r r u x , c r p a H a x 3 a n a a i r o f i ro ,HaA3op4. B ,csqsg c erHM rB AoJrHHep. Can-I4oxyuE ypoB_eHb
Enponnr npoqe,HT I,IBilB no orHorueHr.Irc,K r{cnoJrbsoBaunlo noA3eMHbIx tBoA s 60-x roAax yrlarl 'c 2,5 Ao 60 M. B 1972 r.
noA3eMHbIxBoA ,cocraBJrflroror l5-30r Ao 4001014 6onee 3a KO Hr r Hf lHCTpO HTeJTbCTBO 'UeHTpaJI I {3O BaHHO pa,
TO Cilpe, AeJI e-
(Jllegtan). B 3anaAHori Eapo'ne ,pacnpocrpaHeuacncreMa 'BocnoJIHeHHfl BoA ! KanuSopHII[,
HHfl Hcr(y,ccrBeHHoro
HBIB c..HHSHJrbrpauuor{HbrMr,r 6aocerinanru .H HepeAKo c BKflIOqAfi ,CCTbINJIOTHHAJIfl YMCHbIIIEHHffNABOAKOBbIX.IIHKOB
noAcunxofi necKa. BoAocHa6xeuueAvrcrepAarrra,n psAa H g,po3lrH, a TaKX(e I.JTfl OCaX{AeHHff BSBeIIIeH,HbIXBeUIeCTB;

BoAa rJroxoro KaqecrBa Hs p. Pelin (pHc. 3) ttoAaerct - I 958 ruApoaoruqecKoro ro4a ! CIIIA, H'cKyccrBeHHoe
1,957
Ha ,cKopbreQunlrplr r-l xJropupyer'cf. 3arena qacrb BoAbr no ,BOCNOJIHCHHC cocraBJrflJro,olc: B uttSunlrpaIIHoHHbIx 6a,ccefi-
iBoAoBoAyAr,raMerpoM1500 MM H Anra,uoli51 r(M rpaHcnoprH- Hax - 58,4,'B pycJlax pex - 29,5, B rKaHaJIax- 9,4, n cKBa-
pyercrr ua AroHu ;n uuQHJrbrpaqHoHHbre KaHaJrn.flanee rBoAa x{'HHax I (nanopuan,HHQHJIbrpaIIufl),o'cta.ntHoets uyp-
sa'6upaer'cflsoAosa6epaMu H3 cKBaIKHHrr nocJre o6esxene- Qax u nyreM 3aTOnJIeHI{fl.
t0 ll
 ,.,.,j:r:_T-:l-.6Jg.*" ,Borbr,c ,ceBepa_^
Ha^. rof KanHSo1HHH
.II'''""L A'IN,HY /UU 'KM C PACXOAOM UbU TNTO/C.TONIXO 4. NEPCNEKTI 4BbI NPHM EI {EHVf l CI 4CTEMI 'I BNB B EECP
AJTfl
IIeHTpaJrruofi paBHHHbr,rtptl I{cKy,ccrBeHHo,MrBocnoJrHeHHI{
B CCCP 3Har I Hr eJI bHaRr lacTb sKcnJI yaTI {pyeM bI X'c}l'cTeM
roA3eMI-IaneMKocrb, BMeIrIarcUan 35 nr"rrpA.
:]BtII:-YoTlerHa
Md 'Bo4nr.B lOxuyro KanuQopHy_ro ,BoAalroAaercfl no ,flJrfl Bo[oCua6xenvlfl, noA3e:MHbIXlBoA rpuypoqeHa K AOJIHHaM
,pybb- peK* V IIpH 3TOM 6onnuruHgTBo sOAosa6opoB flBilfl,eT1fl' 6e'
npo'BoAaMTa,KX(eH3 Ao/rHHbrp. Koaopa4o n
Apyrgx HcrorrHp_ pero BblM LI uu$unr r paqHoHHbI M H. llpu HeinpepbI BHOyr _ BeJI H'
KoB. Cucreua I4B[B B AoJrr{Hep. Konopalo oriegb npocrafl
.rHnaroqefics nbrpe6Hocrg HaceJleHHfl B BoAe ueo6xoAltl4o
(III runa H rracrur{HoI runa); goron"Ho q',craff perrHafl
Bor\a paS3HBarb,cyulecrByloque,soAosa6opbl. O A H H n aI ' I 3 e Q Q e x '
.Qu,rrmpyer'cfi,B py,cJreH Ha HH3KHxreppacax B aJrJrroBH arrb- Tr.tBHbIx14 Ae[IeBbIx c,noco6os yBeJIHqurb pa'cxoA 6eperonux
HbIe orJrox(eHHff,sareM co6upaer,ca ,soAoga6opaMH H no
BoAoBOAyAJrHHori500 KM ,c pacxoAo.v45 m3/cr,paHcnoprHpy- uH,funtrparlnoHHbrx soAosa6opoB flBJIflercfl Aono/lHI4TeJIbHoe
ercfl 'norpe6ureJllo.@u.rrlrpaIIHoHHble,cBofictBa^ I 4 B [ B ( u ' r .p n c .1 ) .
aJrJIIo
u^uno- flo Aagtror* pa6orst [20] o6,Uufi pa.cxoAcLIcreMbI I'lBnB
HbIX OT.UOXC.UUfi BOCCTAHABJII{BAIOTCflIIIPOVTH,BAHHCMOCAAKA
(nneHrH) B 1970 r. ,cocrannn '5-7 'vs/c, uJrH oKoJIo2,6oloo6urero Lrc-
{__.j. 6opoHonaHr.reM;
,c oTHM'g CIUA,
BoAa oqeHb AeueBafl. Hapn4y
noJrb3oB at1fl. noA3eMHbIX BoA. B cJlyqae noBblilleHuflpacxoAa
KaK orMerle,Ho,HMerorcffcr.rcreMblI4Bnb ; ,K
cncreM Ao 1'15 rur3/c 2000 r. v npu y'Beflnr{eHu'Ho6qero
uusunlrparrHoHHbrMH 6 a C C e f i H a n aun H e M H O T O , CCOK : B B X { H H ? - qTo
or6opa noA3eMHbIX tBoA B 3 pa3a Mo_x(Hon'peAnoflox(?ITb'
MH:, pa6orarcr o,nbrrHbre. y,craHoBKHc H,c[oJrb3oBaHr4eM
KaJIbHbIX ,CTOr{HbIX'BOA (C O6St.IFrOrt HX OTTH,CTKOfi
se- nporteHTI4B[B ilo orHouIeHHIo:K o6Uefi-sKonJIyaraIIHHnoA'
U 4OnOJIHH- 'BoA noBbl'curcflnpuMepHo Ao l40lo. flo ApyrHM AaH-
te"ntubr?AooqHcrxofi) . seM,Hbrx
Bo O,oaHrluu rB_f. Kpyaccu oK,cnJryarr,rpyercfl,cHcreMa HbrMyKa3aHHbIeHaVrn14|e uecxoJlbKo3aHHX{eHbI.
HBfIB c u,cxoAuori 'uo4ori"nJroxoro ,KarrecrBa Lrs p. ceHn; I,'lirrepecgo orMerllrb, rlro B fA!44r
'ltgng xosqficrBeHHo-nurb-
'15-180/o
npe,ABapr{TeJrbHafl
oqHcTKaBOAbr,BbrrroJrHrercff eBoro BoAo,cHa6xeuusga 'crler lloAaercfl
o.reHi Syuaa_
MeHTaJTbHO - uuxpoQHJrbrpoBaHHeM, o6ulero HcnoJIb3oBaHI{ffloA3eMHbIXBoA, a K 2000 r. nJIaHI{-
KOafyJrHpoBaHHeM, npo-
nycKoM qepe3 aKTHBHpOsaHHHft pyercn yBeflLIrIHrbAoJIIoI4BnB ao 500/0.
yfoJr.b, ocBerJreHI{eM14 ,OKO-
porl_SH.rrnrpauHefi.
Ha Mex4yHapoAHoM KoHrpecceilo BoAo-
cna6xeHnn B ToNno KarrecrBonofiyrraenaoftsoAor B r. Kpyac-
Lr.r J.\JAurrrJr,uub n
nl, Itvtrrtli?r E^^,
urz.rEr4'l'cH/,alKe Borlpo,c o SaKpbITI4H grOtz !-;iana II. IIPHPOAHbIEYCJIOBI4fl
cucreMbr. llo, r{MerouriMcfl y Hac AaHHbrM,e-eponfHo,r?npnrrrr- NPHMEHEHI4flCHCTEM I,IBNB
uori yxyArueHns r{aqecrBa BoAbrB cr{creMe ABng r. Kpyaccu \
fi,BJrflercflnorraAaHnerpffsHbrx soA p. Ceuu B rperriuHoearltfi EOKI,IE yCJIOBtIf
l. KJIHTMATHTI
BoAoHocuufi ropa3or{r. Cno4uue AaHHbre o pi6ore I4B[B
sa oy6elKoM ony6nuxoBaHbrEase H nD. HexO r O pUe xapaKTepHcr I 4KLr , KI I I 4M aTa HeI I ocpeAcTBeHHO
-ECKy-'gg1-
'
a Apyr,He ,KocBeHHo BJIHffIoT Ha paSory ,coopyxeuHfi
B CCCP rnepBoeI4B[B Ann roAo."r6xe'ug ,6uno Bbr-
norrHeHono cxeMe III rH;na iB r. A,psarvra,ce BCHHOIOIBOCNOJIHCHLIfl, NOA3CMHbIX'BOA, A 'CJICAOBATCJIbHO' N
rB ,KoH/qexIX ts. Ba) KHO yI {H-
H a nu6O p cxeM bl r aKor o. BocnoJI HeHI 'I f O
l. co6esuo
120].flocneAnr{e aBnB B cccp otu^ 6r.rpo
AecrrLrrrerrln. 'I X nUf i KaK Ce3oH-
y'CnO
pa3BHBarbcr.Ha 6o,nlruuHcrBeo6texros I4BnB ocvruecrB- TbrBaTb HgM eHeHHe M eTeO pO JI O THTI eCKI
JIflercfl rrepe3 uuQunnrpauHoHHbre 6accerluu, Ho lrueer,cs H b I X,TaK H I I O r O AaM .
H C C K O J I b K O C I 4 C T C M Q B O C N O J I H C H H C MI I C P C 3 U H Q I Z N T T P A q U O U - PaOcUOrpUVt ,BJIHflHHe OTAeJIbHbIX MeTeopoJIOrllqecKHX
,B npfi MOUIHoCTI'IJIbAa
HbIe ,cr(BalKHHbr.
PacxoA ,cr4creMI4B[IB- na orAe/rbHux o6r- Qaxropon 14 KJIH'MaTa rUeJIoM.O6uquo
'6onee 0,5 na Mox<,Ho y'cTp a'VBaTb oTKpbITbIe otcrofi-
€,KTaXqSrrr,ecocraBJlfler AeCflT,KH
TbICflq'U3y'Cyr,Ho :HMelorcfl sHrtaofi'ne
o,6textu e pacxoAoMAo 120 u Aax(e Ao gSOrbr,c.nas/cyr HHKH, unsgnrrp aIIHoHHbIe 6acceliuu uI Ap. B Cu6upu Aony-
'l\/r
rrdn6^cr mr.,nrrrrr.ra nLne n rrnnn
vr\vurv
I
r\O,gf U/f I \-ri,Iu\IrIrq crpAq

Iny6u,ua uH$untrpaqHoHHbIX aclceliHoB [IpH M AKCHM ATIb.

_ B o A a , n o J r y q a e M a f l , ! . p nI 4 B [ B , o 6 H . r H o A e t u e B a f l ,p e A K o H O M H X H A N O J I H C H H H' C O C T A B J I f l C To6ntquo 2-3 M. B cypoBo'M
6onnure 2 Kon. sa I *t, a B AoJrr.rHe p. Aparnu BoAa C T O A T
Bcefo 0,7 xon. sa I na3.BoAa Hs Bcex clrcreM I4B[B e C C C P t rflo
pa3HblM ,(&HrHbIMAo 315-\615o/o efilIsro KorfiqecTBa flcTlonb3ye-
nofiyqaeTcffBblcoKofo KarIe,cTBa.
Mbrx fioA3eMHblx BOA-

l2 t3
 KJII'IMare
ceaepa cccP eHMofiorKpbirbie 6a,ccefiiii,rMoryr Ceeoggtte r{er{eueHufiTer,rflepari/pri BogAyxa rg,neKVT ga
npoMepgarb.flpu eroM ,cneAyeryqecrb.6onruryrc
rroJrHocrbro co6ofi AoBo/rbHogHarrure/rbHbre foAoBbre xoae6auug reMne-
[p o A o J I]I{ i { T e J Ib H o cTb
3H Mbl w , K qK npanuno,,H egK oH oMH rrH ocTb paTypbr BoAbr noBepxHocTHbrx r{cTorrHr{KoB HcKyccTBeHHoro
n o Ao fp e B s ' BOA b rH ycrpofi crna saK pbrrbrx 6acceri H os. BocrroJrHetufl, rroAaeMHbrx BoA (per H o3ep) ao 25'C,u ,6olee.
B cB fi _
srl c orHM HHeu.Jrbrpauun r{s orr(pbrrbrx6a,ccefiuos B cypo-, Teruneparypa x(e HCK]'c,crBeHHo BocrroJrHseMbrxrroA3eMHbIx
BbIX KJIHMATHqC,CKHX
YC/IOBI{'IX C C E C P A C C C P NOKA HC NP". j BoA xo.ne6.netcg MeHee gHar{I{TeJIbHo - Ao 5"C H HecKoJIbKo
MeHfierrcn. fIo-sHAHMoMy, ycrpa'Barb ;"0";;6;;;#1;; 6 o n r u e . O . r e H r p e A K o ( A a u u u e B . B . 3eunsHoro.u Ap.) Ko-
6a,ccefisuB TaKHxycnroBrrfrx 'ne1asrtn
Molr(HoAn" ,aaro""oio-1nar".- reMneparypbr raKux noA3eMHbrx rBoA Aocruraror
ro) nnrattrfl HaAMep3Jrorubrx, Mex(MepsJrorHbrx H Aax(e 20"C [20]. B pafiouax MHoro/reruefiMepoJrorbrnoBepxHocrHble
noAMep3;rorHbrx rnoA3eMHbIx ,BoA. HuorAa UeJrecoo6pasno BoAbr B sIaLaHHfineplloA r{Meror reMrreparypy, 6nuexyro K
coopyx{arb'crerrHaJrbHbre KoHCrpyr(uEr,r saKpbrrbrxr,ruQunrr- HyJrro,a HHorAa ,coBceMBaMepgaror.BogMoxHocrb cHHx<eHHff
paqrroHHbrx 6acceriHon,a B HeKoropblxaflyrraffxnorJloillarc_ reMneparypbr rnoBepxHocrsofiBoAbr cJreAyer yqfirbrBarb flpn
IIIHe'(nu0H"rlbrpa(HoHuue) cKsaxr.rnr,r. Bce ero rpe6yer co. npoeKTr{poBaHHH npeABapurenrHorl BoAorroAroroBKH\r oqu-
o'r'tsercrByrouax ficcJleAoBaufifiu,,B .rla,crHocTn,rllAporeoflo- uarcqefi cuoco6Hocru uuQu.rrmparlHoHHbrx 6accefiuoB.-Kpo-
THIICCKOTOH TCXHHKO:3I(OHOMI{IIC.CKOTO O6OCHOBAHHfl ,C TCNJIO- Me rofo, HsMeHeHHe reMnepaTypbrBoAbrueo6xoAuMobsoAI{Tb
BbIMH pacrreTaMH. B pacrrer nprr orpeAeJleHr.rn 'cKopo'crHuH$u.ulrparlulr B 6ac-
cefrHax Lr Qu.rrlrpa\Lrkr B BoAoHocHbrx [opoAax. Taxuu
o6pasou, TeMneparypuufi Saxrop flBJrflercff oAHlrM us Ba)r(-
HbrX rnpu HcKyocTBeHHoM ;BOCTTOJIHeHHn nOASeMIrbrX
BOA.
Konla.recreo ocaAKoB H pacnpeAeJreHueux rB Teqeulre ro-
.AA TaKX(e BJIlIflrOTHa ,I{CKy,CCTBeHHOe BOCnOJTHeHHenOASeM-
Hbrx BoA, K'ocBeHHonyreM uHQu.urrpaqr{H. Eonee gaMerHo
3TO IBJIHflHUC 'CKASbIBACTCfl HA PCX(HMC NOBCPXHOCTHbIX BOA
(ucrouriux lrcKyc'crBeHHororrroiloilHenun).flpnrraoe x(e BJrr.Ifl-
Hr{e ocaAKoB Ha pacxoA, rznc}u.rrbrpaquoHHbrx6accefiHog
' -t rrvr.r r\rrrYr r\vrrrrYlq I \.rlvl . \)flIYIcl
rv rf vr lrl A
D
r r r - , r r' ar l D
v Jrl rJq4f rrr rl vr vl rr par rr rv r. - r r r r . rrr\rt
rryrr
arq itvqw
vwqAr\qn
nrr 6nn-1 nnn
rvv\J ';trf ,L rLn
v Lr l/ Lnwnr n
A,
ng .lIyLLvL(I I n- Av -vvv
pyer npo4oJIXHTeJIbHocrl ltttQHJIbrp_a[HoHHoro rIHKJra, HanpH- BbrnaAaroilrrdxHenocpe,AcrBeHHo Ha noBepxHocrb rau$unlrpa-
Mep;ra'r{epuorraopcKoM no6epexre KasKasa. rIHoHHoro,6accefiua, [poueHT krx rro cpaBHeHuroc uH{unrr-
.rlerou rnplr coJrnerrHofi'paAnar{nnaogAaircr,cfl6.uaronpuflT- parluefi (n 'cpeAHeMI m/cyr) cocranur 0,15-0,3 Ba roA.
HbIe,Bo3MON(FTOCTH npH,coorBercrByrolrlHxApyrHx ycJloBlrgx BeauuHr-ryr4cnapeHuflc noBepxHocrr46accefiHa MolKHo npu-
PASB'IITHfl NJIAHKTOHA, AOHHbIX,PACTCHHft H B.CCBOSMOX(HbIX HflTb panuori KoJrHqecrBy ocaAKOB, BbrnaAarourraxga ro,rl..
opraHusMoBB unQanrrpauuoHntrx 6ac,certuax,a TaK)Ke B V.IurHsaR pa3Hocrb ocaAKoB vr ucrapeHufl, Hx FJIr.rflHHeM
'peKax H O3epax.
Ann 6nanonpusrHbro pa3'BHTr{fl ura,HKTOHa, Ha pacxop, uuQ,uJrbrpallnoHHbrx 6accefiuoBMo>xHorrpeue6peur,
AOHHbrxpacrenuft v pa3/rr,rrrHbrxopraHHsMOB HeO6XOAl.rvra a KOCBeI{HOe HX BJMHLIe CJIeAyeIY.tHllrBaTb B THApOJIOTH-
TenJrafl BoAa. oAUaXO 14 B XOJTOAHbTX BoAax rracro Bcrpe- qecr{HxH rHAporeoJlofllqecKHX pacqeTax.
sarorcfl H pasBr{BaroTcfiBOAOpoC"nu. .4ueu BoAopocJir4BbrAe- Coruequufi ,cBer 6,naronpHrrrcrByer yMeHbrxeHHioI{oJIH-
Jrf ror r(Hc/topoA 14 rlofJrolqar,oT yrJIeKI{CJIOTy,HOTIbIOnpo- rlecrBa ,6axtepnfi, n oco6euuocru KI4urerlHofinano,rxH Lr naro-
HcxoAHr o,6par,uur?rpouecc. IIp, orvrap aHHr414 pasnoxeuur.r reHHbr,x..Ilerou oH 'cfloco6crByer accHMHJI nr\HH yrJrepoAa Hg
BoAopoc.neft,soAa npvo6peraer HonpuflrHuft rnpunrirc. Taxuu Bo3Ayxa B,pacreHurx,'HaceJIflIoIrIHX ztt$lEnlrpaqnouuuft 6ac-
o6pasou, BJrr4fl'Hlre pacrenufi ,g nuQd.rrrrparlaoH;brx cefiu. IIoa BJrr{flHHeM Berpa rB 6accefiue 'npo}IcxoAnTBoJIHe-
'6a,nr.artrtro .paBBHTHrr
v rt rn n
r,rqV\,\/llflCl,/.1, fL lI\Jdl

Hyx{Aaercfl ;B AanrHefirrr,Hxr,rccJreAoBaHHffX.
B nersufi nepH- 14 ilpn ,cHJIbHoM .BeTpe ,BbICOTa BOJIH MOX{eT AOXOAHTb AO
oA c noBbrrrreHHeM TeMneparypbrco3AaroTcfl60nee 6"naronpu- 0,5 M; rrpn raK?rx ycJroBuflxAax(e noJlorue BeMJrflHbre
orKo'cbl
flTHbreycJroBHflAJrffaKrr.rBH3arlr{H
MHKpo-H MaKpOOpTaHHSMOB HuQunlrpaqr.roHHblx6accetiHqn paapyualorcfl, noeroMy cJIe-
B sOHe aspauHH nOA uHsHntrparrHoHr{brM 6accefiHorra,
a TaK- Aler paccqurbrBarb Lr orr{ocbl. Hepe4xo orKocbl qe.necoo6-
)r{e B HeKOTOpHX CAyqanx H B rpyHTOBbrX BOAaX. paSHoKpenlrrb.

t4 l5
 Kpor,ae yKa3aHHbrx MeTeopoJrorHqecKHXnoKasarenefi. .IJIfl aJIJIIoBHaJIbHbIXOTJIO]KeH'l{fi AO'
no r;ry6UUe, HaUpUMep,
-c
npH npoeKrHpoBaHHr.r HcKy,ccrBeHHofo
BocnoJrHeHHffrpe6y- y,c.no'ugflM'llux o6pa3oBaHHn xoeSSllqHeu-
JrHH peK B ,cBf3H
ror\cff AaHHbreno rny6HHe H BpeMeHHnpoMepsa%r4fl. SHa: TI HTeJI bHO
TbI, 6r unm paqr {H B, BepTHKaJI bHO MHanpaBJI eHI ', I H
HHx{e'IIeMBropI{3oHTaJIbHoMHanpaBJIeHHH;cpeAHoTJIox(e.
2. FHAPOI'EOJIOnl{q E yCJIOBH'I
EC,KH wuft c *opotu"tro Qnnlrpaql{ogHblMg'csolicteal4l'l'HepeAKO
B,CTPEg?IOTCflTOHKHCVOIICHbTOHKHCIJII{HI'ICTbIENPOCJ
fH4poreo/rorHqecKHeycJroBlrfl U4, B4l flBJrffrorcffoAHHMu pa3BeAoqHblx pa-
K or opbr e He r ec€f Aa O 6Uapyxl{Bar cr cf npu
r{3 caMbrx Bax{Hefiunx nph r{cKyccTBeHHOM BOCTTOJTHeHHH nOA- llttQunlT'pa'
6orax, Ho o.rleHb yxyAualoillllle noBepxHocrHylo
3CMHbIX gOA, TAK KAK BOCIIOJIHCHI4C OCYUCCTBJIflCTCff B BOAO- ,h, ,B rracrHocrll, ilpu lluQunlrparll'oHHblx
u;; ;p"- Hgng
HocHoM IlJracre H npn groM yrIHTbIBaIoTcq cgoftcrea nJlacra,
6ac, cef iHax.
BJrr4firorqHeHa yryqueHlle KaqecrBa BoAbr. Haxoueu, n BoAo- peK o6lt'IHo
Sr.rnttpaur{oHHbre y,cJIOBHflIIO AJIHHe AoJIHH
HOCHOM nJraCTe co3AaroTcfr eMKOCTHbIe 3a[acbl. [oASeMHbIX rlacrlt 9THX AOJII{H n xoaQ-
gaMe1Ho l{3MeHflIorcfl rB rBepxH€ft
BoA - HHorAa oqeHb 6orrrune, r{HofAa ue6olnurue. B ps,q,e aJIJIIoBHfls}IarIHreJIbHo 6onlure'
qeM
c ry q a e B e MK O C T H b Te
3anacbr H e H yl K H bt coB ceM, TaK K aK B OA O- S;ri.";n--Qunrrpa,11HI{ uao6opor' B BepxHeM
BHH3 nO TerIeHHrc,a MOUIHocTHaJIJItoBlrf',
HOCHOMynJIaCTy OTBOAHTCflroJrbr{o poJrb Ba)KHoro sJreMeHTa 3aMeT'
TeTIeHULI :pQKrMeHbIUe,B rB HH)KueU 6O.itbUIe'OCO6eUHO
B CHCTeMeyJryLrlreHHfl KaqecrBa BoAbr. oAuaNo KorAa SHarrH-
TeJrbHo yxyAruaercfl r(aqecTBo,noBepxHocrHbrx BoA, KOTOpbTMH H o s T o A J I f l r o p H b I X p e I I e K i l p L I y M e H b u I e H [ H I I p o A o J l b H b I x yrQ
K-
B cBfl3'I'I
HCI(yCCTBeHHO JIoHoB BHHB no re'Ieiulo. B HeKoTopblx AoJII'I'HaX
BOCnOJIHffIOT nOAseMHbIeBOAbI, H nx BbrKJlroqalor CTpOeHHfl 'HHlKe IIO TeTIeHHIO
pr3 cHcreMbr BocrroJrHeHprfl,TO OCO,6eUnOCTflMlI,feOJIOfUqeCKOrO
AJrfl 6ecnepe6ofiHoro soAocHa6- qacTn npn nepexoAe B IxI{poKyIo
)KeHHfl I{CnOJIbSyIOT peKH oT yanofr AoJII4HbI
3apaHee co3AaBaeMbre eMKocrHbre sanacbl
qACTbHNP'H9TOMIQMCHbUIHMIIPOAOJIbHbIMYKJIOHOMIIO-
NOA3CMHbIXBOA HNH PA,CCqI4TbIBAIOT B 9TO BPCMff HA YBCfiUqC. yMeHbIIIaeTcfiB Me-
uue_6eperoeoriunQu.rrtrpaUHr{. BepxHocruun 'crox oco6euuo 3aMeT'HO
)KeHb' t[Ipo,caq}I'B&f.Cb B Ha:KonJIeHI,Ifl aJIJIIoBHfi H y'BefiHIInBafl
HaH6onee6.uaro,npI{flTHbrMpIr.JTnr{cKyccrBeHHoro
BocnoJI- B AoJIHHep' Coqu HH)Ke IIn a-
HCHHfl flBJIfIOTCfl NOA3CMHbICBOAbI B AOJII,IHAX noAgeunufi 'croK, rHarIpPIMep
PEK B AJIJIIO- cryH'cKHXBO'pOr.
BHaJrbHbrx orJlo)KeHr4flx, a HHorAa Lr B KOpeHHbIX [OpOAaX ' BOC'
flpu O6OCHOS nlt6opa 'CXeMbIH'CKYOCTBeHHOTO
a1z4'yr
r (rpluuaHoearHr? ,B aonruuecenep.cxo-
,crrcreMbr
MeJrrraenoeori
rd flouqa, rIoA ue6onnrunu cJIoeMaJrJrroBHaJlbHbrx noJIHeHI{gnoA-3eMHbIxBoAHnpHpa'cqeTaxAnflKa}KAo
necron), yqacrKa cJleAyer AaBarb KoHKperHyIooueHKy-*{!^o::oflorH-
BO ,Q.rrrcnuofJrflr{HaJlbHblxorJlox(eHlrflx Lr ,KoHy,cax BbIHOCa. B
qecKgx ycno"iuft saJIeraHHfi Lr pa'cnpocrpaHeHHf IIoAseMHbIx
H e K O T Op b rx ,c ry q a fl x r{ eJrecoo6pasno H cK yccrB eH H Oe B OC nOJT- iIIapaMeTpoBtBoAo-
H e H r{ e a p re 3 r,ra H c K u x rrro,A 3eMH brx BoA, rpaHHII,HbIxy,c.nonHfi'.yII'HTbI.BaeMbIX
B oA (K puna H A p.). 11qeQ'QuuueuraQranlrpallHtr' axrusHofi
fnAporeoJror[qecKuey,clroBr{ffMoryr
- HOCHbIX'nnu.to" I
_ 6urn npocruvru.
fln,r:""A^^tr
i i P i e i v r s P U l y r lr rvn i ua}Yir incmi , u J i y } K 1 4 ' i ' b i J O A O H O C H b I H , T - O p h S O H T NOP?ICTOCTH,'gOAONPOBOAI'IMOCTI'I'YPOBHCIIPOBOAHOCTH
B aJIJIIO- KaqecTBa
IBH?JIbHbIX OTJIOX<CHI{flX IMOII.IHOCTbIO OKO.IIO I5-40 Irbe3oIIpoBoAHOCTH,a TaKN{e oIIeHHBaTb noKa3aTeJIH
M, NPC,U,.
IroA3eMHbIXBOA, USMeHTIHBOCTb y'cnoeufi' tr2'PaMeTpoBI{ Karle-
craBJIeHHbIX necqaHo-rpanuliHbrMH orJIo)I(eHktfl,Mu c MaJIO TO1O' LJIfl OIIeHKI'I
HSMeHffIOTTIHMI{Cfl $H,nrrpzir{HoHHbIMH cTBa BOAbr 11pH 9Kcrnflya12iql{H. Kponae
CBOr?CTBaMH, nporflHy- CBeAeHI'Ifl O 'CTpOeHHH u
tbr.y RAoJrb peKr.r rroA nepeofi ua4noliueuuor? ruHpoKofi'reppa- fpyHTOBbrX BOA Heo6xoAlrrMo I{MeTb
ilpra sTOM ,CJIeAyeT yqHTbIBaTb
cofi. f"Apo.eoJIorHqecKHe y'cJIoBHfi ocJro)KHrrorcr HaJruqHeM napaMe,rpax soHbr a?parryrhr,
ga6npAaeMble rI4ApOreOflOrHIIeCKHe y'CJIOB'Hfl, H'O
TJTHHHCTbTX_ npocJroeB H qHaqHreJrbHo MeHflrorqr{Mcf xoeQsu- He TOJIbKO
npe4y,cuaTpHlBarb Hx ?I3MeHeHI{e nPy 3I{C:
ITHeHTOM QU.nnrpar\HLr. !,ono,unHTe/rbHbrM ocJrox(HeHHeM MO- alarfl4skrpoBaTb 14
He 'BCefAa AeJIaeTgfl' Hanp'n1
IIJI,yaTa,U,IH,rITOl ,K ,COII(aJIeHI'IIO'
x (e r 6 u rt rn e p e re K a HH e ,cH H 3y Lrs H anopH brx ,coJreH brx B O,4 yBefll4qeHl'Ie. co BpeMeHeM 3aw'
*a'p, ilotITH He yrlurblBalor
n p H T IIo H H )K 0 H III{
y p o B Hfl ;B o.[bt B sK cnJryarH pyeMoM fopH B OH - riTO iiiDlI ,SgpefOgOfi I4HSHJIbTp?rIlHI{ ts
7railgAr.,rTj it\ii-e.ii neK^
, . A.Jrfr BOAOHOCHbTXHanopHbrx pa'cxoAa BOAO3aoopo'8.
K CH'I'I]KeHI4IO
ropH3oHToB HepeAKo ueo6xo4r,luo yrruTbrBaTb cBffsb. c HHIKe- -' 'Hu,npuMep,BeAeT
Aannuefi[reM
MaJIOMoIIIHbIft BoAoHocuuft 'cfloli necKoB C
H lBblrrreJre)KarrIHMH
BoAOHOCHbTMHropH3OHTaMH. p?otlpocrpaHeHI{eM npn..6onbluofi
IIpu aHaJrHBernAporeoJrorurrecKuxy,cnonufi bneA,yer y.tn- ue6onrurul,t IIJIOITIaAHbIM
norpeo"ocTll U A npil uanoft noTpe6-
He,6naro,npHflTe'H,
T b IBA T b ;P IXH SMC H IIH BOC Tb
IIO N JIOqA A H P A C N P OC TP A H C H H ff
H "Ola floAo6nble xe coo6pax<e-
Hocrn Mo)Ker 6rtrl 6na,rolnpprsies.
16 17
 HHfl, .CJICAYCT NPI{HI,IMATb iBO IBHIIIMAHHC NP,H .HCO6XOAI{MOCTH 14IIPu *9T"o:11 - "fg"^T::.:, cJlon
ra6opu vcrpa'HBalor at\17n.
peryJlHpoBarbnoABeMHbIe'BoAbIr oII€HI'l'Bag 5 M, npu nonbrrueHHoM ,HO XOe'QQu,qHeHTeQI',IJIbTP
AocTaTeqnocrbI{x cJIOeB
SMKOCTH c yrreroM rnorpe6uocrn H HepaBHoMepiHocrr{ BOAOHOCHbIX
HCTKVCCT- nn^ nfeaoxpaHeHr{floT eanps3HeHHfl }IMerb
BeHHoro Boclo/rH eHHfl noAgeMHbrx ,BoA. fpyuronue ,BoAbr n yflyr{uenus xatlecrsa BoAbI B HHx ueJlecoo6pasuo
MOTYT 6UrI OTACJICHbI OT IIOBEPXHOCTH SEMJIH CJIOCM NPAK. pbrxJrbreornor*1""" e ,6o.neesgcoxofi yAenluoft nJIouIaAbIo
t4 MaJIbIMHnpocBeTAMLI,T. e. c 6onee
,
THqeoKr4HenpoHnuaeMbrx(r.nuuu u Ap.) u ,cila1orpouurlae- IIOBepxHocTLr rIB'CTH:I{
Mbrx ('cyr.rrvuKu, ,cytte,cuH oqeHb menxze'',necxu) nopog flog- ,cBoficrBatMH.Srouy nyl*- t Bcero
BbrcoKHMncop6UHoHHbIMI{
roMy Ann nuQHJrbrpar{LrLr ,crnonepxuocrr.rserafit (nnorua y,AoBaeTBopflIoTpbIxJIbIenopoAblMeJIKoSepHHcTbIenec
luofi 'c I\'IeJIKI'IM 3aIIoJIH'HTe-
viltbunbrparrzr.r) HenpoHuqaeMbreu cna6onpo""tlue*or. cJrou ii^apuurfiHb-raneqHuKoBbleorJIo>KeHHf
'cJreAyer cHffTb. llp u ucilorbS oBaHHLtU'UsUntlp I{MeIor uanufi xoeQ0utli:|-|^f"nu]ry:
aqr{oHHtrx 6 a,c- ";;-; TaxHe nopoAbl
rreM. 'BepxHell qacr'
cer?uog r"uy'6nua noAoruBblHerlponn,qae'vrttx u,cna6on,poHl{Ila- (ao S u/cyr) n x{eJlarerlbHbl rI'LIlub ts
ero qacrg xoeSQn'q?leHT
eMblx fiopoA or [oBepxHocTu seMJrHno gKoHoMH,recKuiur co- BoAoHocHoro'cJlofl, a 1,ilfr,ocHoBHofi- 6onee
g6p ax{eH,HrM,r{aK np aeano, AoJrxjHa 6uru He 6o.ulure KaK 6uno orMerleHo'
.S M. SH.ulrp aw4vrtt;;.;frutt",
Ann'6accefiHoBcpeAHrorocKopocrr unQunbrpaqur.rHeo6ioau- iO-zO nr/cyr. tsocnonHeH'fi
MO npuHHMarbHe MeHee0,5-l ulcyr H coorBercrBeHHoon- nt"- ;;iOop. yqacrKos Aflff HcKyccrBeHHoro
peAeJrflrb xoeQ,QnqHeHr Qnatrp atr\Hr4 soHbr aeparlH,u (or n o A 3 e M H b I X , B o A M o I I l H o c T b 3 o H b I a s p a u u ' u , BHe
y c JMeHee
IoB}IfiX3
BOAOHOCHOTO rcJrof Ao noAolrlBbr unQuntrpa,rlHoHHofo 6a,c- -*]
nJryaTauHH cJleAyer rnoA'6l{parbno rBo3Mo)KHocll
yfiy'l-
ceftua). I{e,rrecoo'6pasHo, qro6u xoe$6uqneHr 6un )B 2-s 5:t urooor noryrrg6_on arorrpufrHble ycJIoBI{flAJIfi
pa3 '6o.rrute ,cKopocru ,cgo6oAHori uir6H,rrrr,paqlrn,T. e. ,He goAH, peK- peroUeHAyeTcfl BbI-
IrreHr.rffKar{ecTBa -fr,p"no$ou"o"HoiL
B AOJIHHaX
nepnofi
MeHee 2-5 ,u/cyr. llpra sroM yrruTbrBaercsBoBMo)KHocrbHe- 6accefiHos Ha
A";;;; *.."o^ ;;; noAo3a6opa I'I3
XOTOPOII KOJIbM ATAII,HLIIPYHTOB SOHbI AgPA,IIHII C HaAnoftueuuofi reppa,ce, a AJIfl nuHefiuoro
eu {oeQQuqaeur a Qutarp ar{Hr{.
YMCHbII]CHH-
Ha IIepBofi Ha4nofivreuuofiTeppBrC€ HJII'Iua grt'coXOfi
CKBaIKHH BO BpeMfl
oAnaNo npH yKasaHHbrx Bbrrrrey,cJroBr{ffxHailH.qlue He- nofiue BAOJTb ee c noAcbIIIKOfi,uro6bl_He 3aJIHBaJIO
'co6.nrcAarr ll
6onluroro irro MorrlHocrr4 BoAoiuenpoHn,rlaeMorovilv c"rra6o- 6o.nrurux naBoLKOB; npH STOM ueo6xoAlluo
lpoHtrrlaeMoro cJrofl y rroBepxHocrr,r SeMJlHB parloHe yrracrKa npuOorrH'n; B rracrHocrupaocroniHue P9*l'-peurafl or
il;;. soA o yqeToM
I'IrcKy'ocrBeHHoro rBocnoJIHeHI{fl 'noAgeMHblxBo.4 I{Meer u IIo- 3anaqy ,pa3MeIIIeHHfsoAo3a6oponnoA3eMHbIx
Jrox{HreJrbHyrocropoHy, npeAoxpaHrfl- BoAoHocHuli ropusoHr Bcex rpe6ona:nnfi.
or [oBepxHocrH 3afpfl3HeHHff.llpu unouraAsoft uHQHnrrpa. o n T I 4 M a J I b H bBI e
apHaHTbI'
Koneqno,MOryT 6UTb,H,ApyrHe vr I4x KOM-
r\uk| 143npyAoB HILH nyreM SaTonJIeHHF,,, HanpHMep, nofiutt, ilpr'ru6ope Mecra trJrflOTAeJIbHbIX rcooDvxeHufi
T. e. 3HaqHTeJrbr{brx rr/roilIaAer?,roe,cpsHqueHrcpu"utrpa,quu,B npeABapHTe/IbHyro oqracrxy,'6accefinrt
nJIeKCa,BKJrrorraro[Iero
3OHe aepa'r\r4w(u y AHa npyaa) Mo>KHOupunnft nHx<e Mr{- H soAosa6opbJrnoABer\r HbII - : :4 :- p^t:^t u
HHMaJrbHOfO, HO rg KaX<AOM KOHKpeTHOM Cfiyqae
i]: I I :t -:" -# ?""t|i:: lHeooxoAHMO IIPUBUAI'IIb cr'ErarrnD rr\', Ivvrv'v
9To cJIeAyeT cTaHuHHr
perrrarb pacqeroM.oA;uaro xoesQ,uuHeHrQu.tlrrpaunu3oHbr n;sttla/{'H 'pagMe-
reOJIOruqecKI{X yCnOnUfi, Ho ll sosN'Iox'Hoft
ycnonufi |4 IIP:
agpaIIHH kIlrll I.Ha inpyAoB, cTapHrI AJrfrTOJrbKosTo yKa3aH- IqeHHff .coopyxeu.ufi, pe.uleQa' caHI4TapHbIx
BoA craB'Tcff saAaqa
IbJx y,cnonuft AoJrlKeH6uru, KaK npaBl{Jro, He Menee 0,1- Ecnu nfi ,nOenoJIHeHHu,noAseMHblx
SHaIIeHHe npuo6peTaeT
0,5 vi/cyr, a .B HeKoropbrxcflyqarx H 6o.nnrue.
4p" oroM co3,AaTb eMKOCTHbIe3anacbl, Bax{Hoe 'Bo,[oHocgolo ro-
HeJrb3fllrcx,nioqa'rl npocrbre AerrreBblerexHHqecKr4e14 arpo- . HarHrIHe AocTaroqno 6onsurHx tvtoulHocrefi
TexHr.rqecKHe MeroAbr yryqrueHHfl QvnrrpauHosHux,cBoricrB pI,I3oHTa.uefopa,cnpocTpaHeH'I{e,qTorllpoB€pfeTcflpa.cIIeToM
il BocIIorIHeHHfi eMKocT-
cauofi sepxHefi (10-20 crra)uacrr.r,c.rrofi c yrreroM IIepI{oAIlrIecKHx cpa'6orox
V q u r n r s a s r H A p o A u H a M H r r e c K n e 'T
r 4e x H H r I e c K HycJroBHrr BocnoJr Henuu eM KO CTHbTX3anacoB npyHTO -
e H b r x 3anaco, B.npt
n
v r#^,vnr'uncnf o E
! vnA v n
J qn 'cv v vev,u6 n n n n
( on
I wL, r^rrez. n
( \ . c^r\crt/-rfrnr rrl [ l oo, Li YrL" r l :,; ::;--K; Dacnoflo)KeHl{e uH$'unrtpaIIHoHHbIx
DI1\ ErvA vvv
"tir6orxra ^

ul nL/Av.tcrw'y'r
- 1^^-:-

npH THCKyCCTBeIIHOMux tsOcnOJIHeHLrI4, X<eJIaTeJIbHO 6a,ccgfilHog,Ha,6O,nguovt paccToflHl4kl

HMeTb rnprMo nponop-
xoeQSr.lr{r4eHr
- pn.ry]p alryrr4
rBoAoHocHbrxnopoA, KaK npa'nH- ;;;il-a;;ro,npustlto. .[I,e6urn'Bor,o3a6opor
\f \r,.n,^rrqr/T , vr<.norirt o60arHo
Jro, He MeHeel0-20 mf cyr u MorqHocrbr{e MeHbruel0--20 nr, uI,IoHaJIbHbIrraapagnHIIecKuMyKJIoHaM'ayKJIoHbIo0pa
T. e. 'BoAOrrpoBoAHMocrb He MeHee 100-400 vr2/cyr. Fauno- y-a Koropble'pa'onpocTpaHfi-
nponopiuuosanruu paccToflH'I'lflM'
HaJIb'Hbrev er(oHoMr'rqect(ll BbrroAHbleropH3oHTaJIbHbIe ercfi noHprlKeHgeyponHn
IBoAbI. I4cnonrsoBaHI{e eMKocrIIbIx
BOAO-
IB 1,9
 SanacoB noA3eMHbrxBO.4peur aercfl
Arfl KoHKperHbrxcjji/,-iaeB H14fl,nO,[,seMHblX'BOA CyuIecTBeHHOeSHaqeHHe HMeIOT TenJIO'
Ha ocHoBe HMerollruxcfl rHAporeoJrorHtrecKr.rx'y,cnonufi Bbre pacl{eTbl, Ailfl KoTopblx ueo6xoAl{Mo noflyrlHTb AonoJIHH-
rryreM
T C X H H K O - 3 K O H O M H IC
{ CK H X
P AC I I C T O ' B . TeJIbHbIe cOOTBeTCTByIOUIIe TenJIoQuSuuecKI'Ienapal\4eTpbI KaK
M c rp a u n a rr H c K y ,ccrgeH H oe B orcrroJrH eH I{ganacoB
e B oAoHocFI bI X,r aK v oI {pyx( aI ouI HX r lopoA ( r oeQ Q t lqHeHTbI
rpyH -
TOBbIx ,BoA, npHypoqeHHbIX K TpeuIHHO,BaTbrM TenJIOIIpOBOAHOCTI4 Ll Teil,'IOeMKOCTH'C KJILIMaTUIIeCKI4M'H nO-
nopo,AaM, ,ilpw
B b IXO,4 eH X H a rro Be pxH ocrb 3eM/rH nuau""nr vr r . r ) . f lo gKoHoM HqecKHM I I oKa3aTeJI f lM UeneCO o6-
r,Jrn xo3sfi ,cl B ^eH no_nH Tbe-
B O rO ,BOA O C H z r6 x < e tnH s
o6nrqH o ,H eqeJrecoo6pa3H o,TaK pa3Ho 14 BbI r oAI {o B pf l{e cJI yqaeB I 4CKyCCTBeHHO BO
e CI I O JI He-
K a,K
BMeCTO UU,QUnrrpa'ril4r Lr ycJI oBHf lx M Hor oJler uef t M ep3JI or bI '
Qa.rrnrp a,g,vH ,6ya^er [pol4cxoAHTb H H e AalKe B
uuQ,rrrcaq'ar6es yryqrueH'ff KaqecrBaroart. r4vorr,a H rp'
T a KH X y c J Io BH fl X MO)K H O' I4C nO.rIb3O' B arb I{cK y,ccTB eH H Oe,gdC _
,NO/IHCHHC iIIO!3EMHbIX BOA, qrO6U .CO3,AATb I4X CM:KOCTHbIE
3anacbr' :Ho Ao uu{r,rrrcarrIHHBOAa ,AO/I>I{HaoqHurarbcfl. oaHa-
K o ! T p e IrIH H o B a rb l x nopoA ax, fl epeK pbl Tbl x ' cB epxy
c/roeM
n e c r(o B M o u IH OC T b roH e MeH ee_5-10 na,^H arrpH Mep B TperrII4H O-
Hcror{Hl4t(a ,BocrroJlHerr4fl,c so,aofi Ha yqacrKe BocrIoJIHeH14fl.
B AT b IX M C J IAX;B ,4 O J I H H C C C N C P C X OTO
P. A OU U A , MO}K H O H f lp" I 4cKyccr BeHHoM BocnoJI HeHI 'I H BoAaM H' 6or ar uuU
Il e J l e c o o 6 p a s u o n p H M e H fl Tb H cxy,ccrB errH oe,B ocnoJrH eH Hrro,4-
e OKHC-
KHCJIOpOAOM,,C,rI eAyeT rulare,n lHo B3BeCHTbIIOCJI eACTB'Llfl'
S e M H b rx8 o .4 . , CO eAUgeuHt i 'B eCTeCTBeHHbI XnO A3eM HbI X
tr{cxyccrBeHHoe JIeHI 4f BaKHCHbI X
BocnoJrHeHr{e
6onee rny6oxux,BoA,.rro6rr O 6paSO naHHf lO CaAKa' r I TO , BJI eqeT 3a
noryrlHTb B OAaX Lt BO 3M O X( HO CTb
eMKocrHble 3anacbl, ocyulecrBJlflIor nyreM y,cr- ,co6or? KoJIbMaTaUHIo. KpOnae Toro, geo6xoAlt'tyto yqegTb BJILIfl,'
POfiCTNA IO|/IOUArcIIIHX CKBAX(HH,iHO ,[IPH 3TOM HCXOAHYIO HaA BO AO HO CHbI M
,H H e nopoA B BoAoHocHoM f opl{SoHTe v
loay,xopotxo or{Hula}or t4,'B rlacrHocrr.r, or MyrH (ao l- r o p L I 3 o H T o M , B O c o 6 e H H o c T HI I p n H 3 M e H e H H Hy c J I o B H f i n p T
3 v rr/n ). B o ro M a fl yrrae Mo)K H o L{c,noJrbgoB arbB oA oH ocH bre
gKCnJIyaTauHH, 14 'BJMfl.HHe_ 3TI',lXnopoA Ha cocTaB noAselaFIoft
n J l a c rb l ' rn p H y p o q e H H b l eK aK K pbIX /IbIM, TaK H K TpeuIH H oB a-
B oAbr npH BocI I oJI HeHi, I H. I 'lsNaeueHHfcocTaBa noA3eM HbI X'BO A
T b rM n o p o A a M .
npu sKcnJIyaTa'LU4r4, HanpHMep yBeJI'Hr{eHHeCOAepx{aHl4frX(e-
Enn pacqera nofJrorqarcrqux cKBaxuH AoJrN(HbI 6nrr HB-
BCCTHbIHC TO,IIbKONAPAMCTPbIIIJIACTALI TPAHI4IIHbIC .ire3a B BOAe, BbInaAeHI4e OC.aAKOB143 BOAbI kl KOJIbMaTaqHfi
}/C,IIOBUfl, IlupuA ih. t^t i\ l, rnAi l(nJ In1yUr U
nFr I ^\ J r f-,
F n( Jny, n
t
r reD\ Jr r\rLr q
r Tt 4 qC ' . l ' q T r x { A ? r R \ / , r T- ^r v) n v l R 2 H l , l e
r"-.
HO H AaHHbIe onbIToB IIO norJIolqeHI4IO, npHeMHCTOCTIt,CKBa.
onucaHbIaBTopo'M.
Sz"rrrrpa,cKBB)KI4H,
)K'HHH ee LI3MeHrIHBocrHiBo BpeMeHH B .KoHKperHbIx ycJloBHflx.
ygJIoBHflMI{
He6.rraroIIpHflTHbIMH Boc-
AJIfl HcKyCcTBeHHOro
nnn orreHKH
eMKocrHbrx
sa,nicosrpe6yrorcqaocraioq"o Ha- HaA HHMI',I
rroJlHeHHfl rpyHToBbIX BOA flB,rlflIOTCfl: HaJIHqHe
AelKHbreocHoBHbre AaHHbre o ,[apaMerpax rBoAoHocHoro
nJra.cTa ropo,( c NoeQSn-
rJrnHucrbrxu- eoo6ue c,na6o,nPoHuuaeMblx
H fpaHHqHbrxyc/roBHflx.
rL \rLrf r. \ A U T .\ J' *I Y r r h u n L Tr ry! qal Ar ^rrur r u \rerree 9 . '" n ,r/evr v
- - '- n D H- -
--r MOIIIHOCTH IIX
IrIcxyccrBeHHoeBocnoJrHeHHee y,crpoficTBo,MnorJIolrlarc- /Ir 4 Y/rrv^u
't J

I I I H X C X B a X ( I , I H . . C T O H T , A O prO
{ eXM{ eT,C I I O C O 6on ee 5 M ; 6nw. st <vt itK noBepxHocr n seM / lu ypoBeHb r pyHr o-
C 6, n O B e p X H O C r U O t ?
auSrz.nnrpaquer)r. floeronay AJrr r.rcKyccrBeHHoro B br x BoA - . M eHee2- 3 , r r a;6ont r uaq r . ny6uua 3a/ r ef aHllf l BO -
tsocrroJrHeHHfl r r n) , qr o EbI 3bI BaeT
fpyHToBbrx:BoA raxoli ,cnoco6,npHMeHfeTCffpe,4xo. A oHocHor o r opu3oHr a ( 6o, ilee 20- 30
pacxoA sHeprHH Ha IIoAbeM BoAbI; BOAOHOC-
I,Icroqgnxovr rrcKy,ccrBeHHoro ,Boc[oJIiHenus[oA3eMHbrx AorroJrHure.rynnufi
BOA Moryr ,6trrr noAseMHbre)Ke BoAbI Apyroro BoAoHocHofo Hbre rop'HSoHTbI C eCTecTBeHHbIMHCOJIeHbIMH r4JM Apyroro
ropr.i3oHra (CCCP, Apxa,ra"rruu,ct<wfr apreslaancxafi 6acceriu) u e 6 n a r o n p u f T H o r o , c o c T a B a [ o A S e M H b I M HB o A a M H , I { a [ p H M e _ p
r{JrHTOrOX{e BoAoHocHororopl43oHTa,Ho ,c Apyroro HecKoJrb- B afp f l3HeHHbI M t I xHM Hr {ecKH'M HY4o6peHHf r , M vr ,ceJlbcKoxogsf i-
KO YAA,IICHHO|O 'P.. C TBeHHbI M I 4f lAoXHM HKaTaM H,I - I AB, a TaKX( e [ 'poM bI r I I JI eHHbI -
YqACTKA(CCCP, AOJIHHA bAXAHIII{,TIOA-
lr/rfr vptn, va v r v I I I . ) T I rJ I r- rI A
urv Dn nLI
uvAur
rEr
D
o r' Trrrl Drtn tr rtyr
clr/Ir'rl\,r.crLtcr./l.crin.c[
r MH V $exant uo- xossf icTBeHHbr M r { cToqHbI M H BO AaM H.
NOJIb3OBAHHI4NOA3CMHbIX BOA rB KAI{C'CTBE.HCTOIIHHKa I{cKvccT. AHaKO H npuT H
BCHHOTO BOCIOJIHEH}Ifl, OIICBHIHO, AOJIX<HbI 6Urr H.CCJICAOEAHH f l T H b r x y c J I o B H f l X H H O T A a B O 3 M O > K H OH C K y C C T B e H H O e B O C I I O I -
rHAPOreOilOrI4qeCKHe y,cJIo,BHfl TaKOTO H.CToqH,I{Ka. HeH'He IIOABSMHbIX BoA, HanpuMep' A;t-eI BbITecHeHHfl' Ue6na-
ilO COCTaBY nO,A3eMHbIX COJIeHbIX BOA npII
B ycnonnflx rMHoroJrerHeft H ,soo6ue ,B ycJroBnflx
rraepenorbr fonpHflTHbIX
xoJIoAHOfOKJTHMaTa inpH oqeHKe HcKy,ccTBeH:HOro BocrroJlHe- HCKyCCTB€HHOM H X ' B O C I O J I H e H I I I { .

20 2T
 Ha )/qacrKax Aer?crB]/rouinx soAocadopo.B vi;i,i gKciijiy*arri- ,nAntlLTl\tTt,ftAT?4Cq'FAtldrrrrt
rvrr^s rvrrr rrvrlquqrvyt/lrvt?r frat,1vr\ririn
ycr'lv/\\.rAvDt ''u1.rt rl tdl lh. rErlv/ \ 'A
{_ ntr+a^-^^l^
Irrl,t\pul pawa,
pyeMbrx ,coop.yxeHr{flx Ailfl, H,CKy,CCTBeHHOfOBoCnoJrHeHHfl npH'BoAIITbAalJHbIeo }fexaHuqecr{oNr cocTa'Be BSBeIITeHHbIX
aHaIIHSHpyIOTCfl rHIpOreoJrorHrrecKHe MaTepr.{aJrbr 14 BeAyTcs qacrfirr B BoAe B BHAe ra6n. 7 nilw roJryJrorapusrrauqecKHx
ua6ntohetr4fl, ga pex{HMoM [oABeMHbIx rBoA, qro , oco6euno rp aQuxon.
Ba)KHo B ycJroBnffx oKc[Jry?ra\Lrr4. Cnelyer yqecrb, qro npu
T a 6 n r,rq a 1. MexaHn,recrufi
cocraBBsBeuerrHbrx
uacrurlln no4e_]
r.rcKyccrBeHHoMBOCnOJTHeHHI,I B ;BOAOSa6OpU MOX(er noCTynarb
He ro/IbKo HcKyccTBeHHo ,Bo'ciloflHf,eMlafl,[oA3eMHafl ,BoAa, Ho .{,uauerp Kosqentpat{ns, - .{,uauerp I(ouqenrpauNn,
H ecrecrBeHEafl. npH HS,MeHeHHOM ,peN(lIMe noA BJrLrflHLreM 6parqnit, MM % Qpaxqufi, utr.l %
SKCIIIJIYATAIIHH. \

Eo.rreeI 28 0 ,0 5 - 0 , 0 1 20
3 . rH A p O J rO FH rtE cK ,uE ycJIoB t fl V P E JIbE O 0,5-1 4 M e H e0e, 0 1 8
0 , 2 5 - 0 ,5 5
B KarlecrBe H,croq;HuKa l{cKy'ccrBeHnoro,BocnoJIHeHHfl Ha- 0,1-0,25 l5 dLo::(4) 0,014
0,05-0,1 20 . dao 0,2
u6onee qacro rrcnoJrbsyror noBepxHocrnbre BoAbr peKr{,
tsoAoxpaHHJrr{'ulaHa peKax, o3epa. B oAHLTXMeCTaX LrMeercfl
pa3Bl4Tafl ceTb peK co 3Haq?ITeJIbHbIMII
pacxoAaMH, B Apyrfix - Ben,uqusa MyrHocrn BoAbr,cBfl3aHarroqru $ynr<,quoHaJrb-
,, perrHaf ceTb pa3Br4Ta Cna6o, u rrpn gToM Jrlrrrrb orAeJrbHbre HO CO CKOpOCTbTo ABHN(eHHflBoAbrH ee pacxo,AoM (a.ns KoH-
peKH xapaKrepr{syrorcfl, sraqureJrbHbrM,pacxoAoM. n..ns orleH- KperHbrx y,cnonnf.i).floerouy, rroJrb3yflcbrr{AporpaQou, Mo)K-
KH pacxoAa peKH, ypoBHff BOAbr U ee KaqecrBa ,ueo,6xoAul,ro iHO Lr HyX{J{_O
COCTaBT{Tb rpaQuxu HSMeHerHIrffMyrHo,crr{ Bo
SHarb MHofoJIerHHfi pex(HM rIIoBepxHocTHbIx'BoA 14 B TerIeHI4e ,BpeMeHH.Heo6xoAHMo raKx{e yqecrb, trro ,Befl,urIHHa Myrrro-
foAa' cru'B cerIeHI4H per(H HSMeHflercf B paSHbIX TOTIKaX H B OCO-
H4 6o"rruueftqacru reppnroprin cccP HaHBbrcure pac- 6euuoclu lto r,uy6n'ue. Hexoropbre peKH- 6Hearor cHJIbHo
xoAbr pel( npHXoAflTCfiHa ,ne'CeuH,Iafi
na'BoAoK,a B cpeaHeu 3afpf3HeHbr opfaHHqecKr.rMr{ H ToKCr'rrrHbrMlI
(nx.nrcuaa opra-
AsuH rrrBBoAKH,HanpaMepHa peKax Arr,ryaapbevr cnp4apre, unuecrHe) BerrlecrBarvrr4,6axrepurlM14 r{ ApyrHMr.r opfaHHs-
- 6u,sarcr JreroM,npu raflHHH JreAHr{'KoBn ropax. Me>i<eHnufi MaMH. Muorue osepa (n oco,6enHocrnnpoibvHne) ll BoAo-
Da,cxoA B oAHr.rXpeKax Mox<er yAoBJrer:Bopsrbnorpe6uocrb XIfAtl'I'i.nWfiT c gIEt.IIqInT,ncr
..pv^"Lv'v'L ur2qnvrrrvr 6
v vn u r n
uava,6 rrar.n-nrrd6'rr rr,,y,
vdr.clr'vrIyxLlf.rnDllvl,.n IIU
B BOAe' e APyTHX OH CTaHOBHTCfl ,BeCbMa He3HarIfiTeJIbrHbIM, rH KarIecrBy ;BoAbI HcroqHHI(oM HcKyccrBeHHoro ,BocnoJIrHeHLIfl
Ha HeKOTOpbTX ;rrOBepxHocrFrHr?
crox s Me)KeHbAa)Ke npeKpa. nor3eMHbrx ,BoA. B BoAoxparrHJrHrrlax MyrHocTb ,BoAbr B cpeA-
Irlaer,cfl. Ecrn peKLI, B KOTOpbIXnatBOAOK npoxoAHT ,B He- H eM 3HaqI {TeJr bHO M eHbI r I e,qeM B peKax, H r r pH gToM XO ne6a-
oKoJIbKO.quefi HJ|H AecffTKOB4Heli, a 3aTeM [O,BepXHOCrUUft rlug ee ,Bo rBpeMeHHHegHaqLrreJIbHhIe.
gToK npeKpaqaercfi Ha HecKoJrbKoJrer (ao 10 "rrer H 6o.rree). Hanpunaep, B 03. Ea"[ r asepc M yr Hocr b B cpeAHeM eoer aB-
Ilonoxeuize ypoeuefi BoAbr recHo icBflsaHoc pa,cxoAoM.D,is JIffer 5 ur/.u, PeANo yBeflHrl'uBaffcb Ao 10 ur/.rr.
orIeHKHBO3MOX(HOCTH Or6Opa BOAbrr{3 o3ep H ,BOAOXpaHH/rI4rrI c"rr_e4yer yqecrb, qTo B osepax H BoAoxpauuJrr{ulax,
ueo6xoAuMo3Harb Hx BMecrHMocrb,rny6ugu z ypoeHa BoAbr, B OCO6eUUOCTH Uer"ny6OXnX H XOpOUO npofpeBaeMblx, B Jrer-
'a raKll(e Hx LI3,MeHeHHe. Kponre roro, a*a[In3,LrpyercffIIocr]II. H ee BpeM f l M oxer I HHT€HCH'BHO pagBH'Bar bct l nJI aHKToH, B r la-
'r4 flep]roAHr{ecKoe
,JIeHHeBOAbI H3 paSrHrrHbrxHcrorrHfiKoB . C THO CT, I {'CHHe- 3eJI eHbI e -rnryc).
r BoAQ PoCJr H.
('Ec.nu
nO Cne. q, UHenpg O TM r {pa- .
ee pa,cxoAa
LISMeHeHHe uuu [pr{AaroTrBoAeirnOXoft Ere,npea,y,cnrorperb
Ka.Ie,ctno rsoAH 'g peKax ,z ogepax MeHflercff no rolaM Ll rno4onoAroroBKn,
npeABapllTeflbHoti gacaplrBaer
To rrJra,HKToH
o c o 6 e H H o n o ' c e s o H a M. I(ax rfl paB uJro,,B per{ax rB o B peMfl na- uuQunrrpaur{onubre 6accefiuu.Tax,,Ha ue6onuuoli circreue
EOAKa BOAa MyrHaff ,co 3HarrHTenluorl,I(oHrr{€HTpaqHefi
rB3B0- HBIIB B oKTfl6pelg67 r. Hs.i,acHfibHoFo ,cr{:He-se-
pas'BHrrrfi
9nrl.crlll,
tu,gnfr.crr^ *1 au
o' I

rorcs H ApyrHe rroKaSareJrHKarrecrBa BoAbr. Myruo,c$ on- oHHbIx 6accefiHoB'yMeHbrrruJrcff

e 7 pas (B. B. fH,res r{"Ap.).
peAeJrfler,cso6H.rHo B MHrrJrHrpaMMax ,Ha I .rr. Kportae roro, PaclnopeHHbreB rBo,(eKoJrJroHAHbre opraHuqecKHeBeqe.
AJraHarrrra H ,pacrreTapa'6oru ,coopyx{eHHfInpeABaprgluno- 'cTBaBJIIIflIoT'Ha'I{BerHocrb, ganaxH, [pHBKycbI
oK'HcJIfleMocTb,
Hofi orrncrKrr 14 'Hu(runrrpaiqnoHHbrxcoopylKeyuit, a raKx(e H Ha noKa3aTeJrbno KHcJIopoAy.HaH6onbruafl rqBer,Hocrb,Bo-
AJIfl OIIEIIKH rAXOft OIIHCTKI.I 'IICJICCOO6PASHOBIMCCTE C XAPAK- AbI OTMeqaer,cfl AJIfl BOAOeMOB,COO6qarcilIUXCfl,c60noraun
22
23
 ')t 3a6ofioqet{HblMl4 a Hat4MeHb[Iafi- B peKax noJlv-
,'recaMr.t, ? r r ' nr nV n Llv ,sp n 6 n c , 6q vnv r q i l lr t nq 'rr rrr r v l v l prrno nrl6rIDTrr\/Inrcct 'vR T 't nnn.nnT.ltqtr-
L LLAr
I\v yur/\, vvy urrAv
rrycrbrHHbrx H fopHbrxparioHoB
cKHX e)KeroAHHI{ax H xpaHflrcff B QoHAax. Kpoue ToI'o,
o,u,HnuHB eaxHefirunx opraHnrrecKnxKoM[oHeHToB, o6yc- rzMer or cf l M oHor paSHuecr ue onHcaHlt . f l no or AeJI bHbI M paf t o'
JroB/IHBarorr{HX rrBerHocrb, flB/rflercff ryMyc. B coeAHHeHzrfl,x
H aM. B nepBylo oqepeAb , cJI eAyeToI {eHHr b , BogM ox{HocTb 14
ryMyca_guaqnTenluur? ;npoueur 3aHHMaror Qy.rltnoxucJroTbr
rleJrecoo6paeHocrl HcnoJIb3oBaHHfl osep n BoAoxpaHvrJrkrrt\.
('s p. Mocxee 32-47010,s p. flpunnrrr Ao B\-ln\h e daBHcr.r- E cn,u pecypcbl osepa ( 'no4oxpaHHJI HUr a) HeAocr ar or {HbI AJr f l
Mocrr.{or BpeMeHHroAa). klcruHHo pacrBopr4rvrbre Qy.nlQoKHc- noflyrleHnn Heo'6xoAuMofo pacxo{a BoAbI, To AHailHsUpyIOTCfl
JIOTbICna6o :BJrHflror Ha or{pacKy BoAbr,a fyMHHoBbreKHc/rorbr ycJIoBiHfl HcKy'ccrgeHHol? ,noAaqn rrtoBepxHocrHblx ,BoA B o3e-
npuAaror BoAe reuuslli cjrreHox. aHaJI H3e
po. Taxor ? iBapHaHT oKa3 ailcf l, r I 'pHeM JI eM bI Mnpu
o ,coAep)r^a,HLrH opraHr{qecKzx B€rr{ecrBrB BoAe rlacTo ,cy-
H cN y'ccr neHHor or BocI I oJI HeHI ifno. l 4geM HbI XBoA AJI q eoAocHa6-
AflT rro ee oKI,Ic/IfleMocrH,Lt r! rlacrHocrH [epMa;Htauaruofi; x(eHr.rffoAHoro Lr3 ropoAoB 'B CCCP.
oAHaKOnOCJIeAHflfl Aaer HecKoJrbxo npu6JrHX<eHHOeCy>KAe,H,He IIp" peueHr {r { , Bor lpoc& Hcno/ r b3oBaI - t Hs noBepxHocTHbI x
o KoJIHrrecrBeopraHur(HB BO,Ae.EOnee rrroJrHbrM noKa3areJreM tsoA / JJr f r HCKyCCTBeHHO TO BO CI O JI HeHHf[lO A3eM HbI X gO A CJI e-
coAepx(aHHflopfaHHrrecKHX Beu{ecrB fl,BJrfer,cfl
6nxponaarHaf nor pe6uocr H BoAocHa6N<eHnn,
A l er yr r HTbI BaTb He r oJI bKo
oKHCJrffeMOCTb. orHOrUeHUeee K nepMaHrauaruofi oKHcJrrre-
KOTOpbIey,AOBJIerBOpffIOr'Cfl B rIepByIO OqepeAb, HO TaKlKe t4
MOCTHAJrfl 'Kpyn:Hbrx peK en,poneficxoliqacrH cccP ,cocra,B-
Jrfler oKoJro2-3. A pyfue nor pe6Hocr l4. PacxoA peK He B'cef Aa oKa3blBaer ct l
Auar'ug H3MeHqHBocrH AOCTaTOqHbIM\ilfl HerlpepbI'BHoro HcKyccTBeHHofo rBocIIoJIHe-
pacxoAa peK, 6anattca o3ep n Ka-
qecrBa ;BoAbrB Hr.rx,oco6enso rro o,6ecneqeHHocrll, HHfl '[OA3eMHbIX BOA, IIO3TOMyIII'p,HHH'N{aIOT 'BO :BHHMaHH€ Ce-
Ae/raercr SOHHyIO Vr MHO|OJIeTHIOIO 1I,ISMeHqIIBOCTb paCXOAa peK Vr
B ocHoBHOMno MeroAHKe,npuHarort ,B fHApoJIota.H,a npu
K aqe cTBa'BoAbI , ", BO 3M O >KHO CTb HCTI O JI b3O
aHHf
B l per yJI Hpyr O UleI ?
[Ie ,A O C T a rKe ,V ItrLH e AOC TaTOqU Ofi ,H aA e]K H OC TH
H ,C X OA H bTX ,[aH - 'u
cnoco 6uocr lr BoAoHocHbI X r opI l3oHToB r HApor exHur {ecKux
HbIX C yqeroM AorroJrHHTe/IbHbrxfHApoJIonHqecKHx ua6"urcAe-
coopyx(e:n'uit. B oroM cJlyqae arailH3Lrpylor rexHHrIecKHe Bo3-
nvtit Lr Ltx aHalrwsa. AHanus rr.r4ponornrrecKnx Ha6nrc4euuri
MOX(HOCTHCyUIeCTByIOUIHX14 npOeKrHpyeMbIX rH,ApoTexHHIIe-
BKJrroqaer ,cneqHsuqecKHe rpe6onauun K npoeKTHpoBaHHrO
cK H X coopyx{euuli. f lpt u HeAocTar or {Hocr l4AaHHbI x o6 I {gM e-
I{ C KY C C T BE H H O B | OO C N OJIH C H HNffOA 3C MH bIXB OA . B IIA C TH OC TH ,
H eH HH pacxoAoB, yponuef t v. Kar lecr Ba noBepxHocr Hblx BoA
n o MH o ro J Ie rH e M y rH Aporpa,Qy pacxoA a peK r{ orpeA eJrfl rorcfl TTnoRo lrrrr rrono.nH,L{Te.IIhHbIe rH II'DoMerDHqecKHeura,6"nIoneHI,Iq.
- ^ - - - - - - - - f - - - - l - - - - -

H H re p Ba J rb.rBp e Me H r.rc cyMMapH brMH ' r.rA H sQepeH U { po' B aH H br-

npoAon)KHTeJIbHocrb KoropbIX o6ltquo orHocHTeJIbHoHe-
M H Bb rA e J rfl e M b IM H rre p uoA a' MH ,H eA ocTaTorrH brx pacxoA oB A Jrfi
6onrruaq - He 6onttne l-3 .uer. 3rH KoporKuesa6"iltoAeHufl
r.rc,Kyc.crBeH:Horo BocrroJrHeHHr. Kpoue roro, Ha nepcrreKTHBy
conocraBJrflror'c AJIHHIIbIMpflAo,Mua6nrcAeuHfi, a raKx(e ,c
onpeAeJrflrorcfl (aua"nr.rs14 pyrorcfl nor(a3are/rH no reopuu Be-
MereopoflornrrecKuMllAaHHbIMHvl Ae/IaIOTHeO6XOAUIUIII? ILIA-
p o n rrH o c ru ) s e 6 n a ro rp u fl rH bre rrepuoA br no MyrH ocrz H A py.
(-.^---- r^ e--
pororzrrecxufi alailvg, pacuupfifl rlepuor ua6,nrcAeHufi tro
i,r,iM iiuKa,ia'i'eJiflivi, Koi,Aa HeooxoA}iMo oyAer HCKJIIoTIHTb nO-
Teoper nqecKHM , cBf l3f lM AJI f l I 4CCJI eAyeM bI XsJI eM eHTO B. B
Aa.ry lBoAbr'LrJrLr
rpoBecrr{ npeABapHreJrbHyro BoAonoAforoBKy r n A p o J r o r u q e c K n x o 6 p a 6 o r x a x M H H H M a J I b H b I pe a c x o A b l peK
r,iln HcKyc,crBeHHofoBocinoJrHeHr.rfl
noA3eMHbrXBoA. frO,strue-
A al or cq o6nr qHo B r BHAe c'peAHeM ect qHblx f i gKcr peM aJlbHblx.
Hr4eMyrHocru 14 yxyA[reHue KarrecrBa BoAbr B peKe o6u.rHo
E cnn no pacxoAy oHH npeBbllr lalor nor pe6Hocr b, To AaJlbir ef i-
ua'6.nrcAarorcflB naBoAoK, Ho rrvKv ,pacxoAoBBoAbr H TBqp-
w ufr aHail'vs co6cr eeHHo nI I r BocnoJI HeHHf lgar r acoB noA3eM -
Aoro croKa (c KaqecrBoM BoAbr) vroryr He ,coBrrz!,arb- H brx BoA o6u. r r r o r r e Hy) KeFr .Aaut t ue o6 ypoeHf lx peK H o3ep
pa3Hr{[a Ao 10 aHefi ,u '6onee.flpu ,HeAocrarxepacxoAa peK '
o6nquo nof lyqar cTcf l Aocr ar or l, Hble.
Lnfl TBOCIIOJIHeHLIfl.,BHHTepBa/IaX
LICKy,C,CTBOHHO|O OT,AeJIbHIIX
Ecnn M HHr {M aJr bHblegKcr peM aJlbHble pacxoAbl peK I I pH
nepuoAoB seo6xoAHl,roAe/rarb AeraJrbHwfr ananug r.r3MeHrrn- o6ec'neqeHHocr l{ He yAoBJler Bopf lt or nor pe6-
seo6xoAlr uof r
Bocrlr H o6ecneqer{LlocTnTaKHx pacxonoB. fIoH ar{aJrHse n A r r t r 6
rI9lJ-n
n t t t T
AJLDIIDTTL
t r r 4 t r 4
(ln
n l r n
<lJlILrJ
I n d
JtJlfL
n n n n n A I A l l l r d
\Jlll,rt-Agi/IE.frl|l/r

, HaIIpHM€P, orracHor o ( , pacuet r or o) cyM M apHor o HeAocr ar l( a B BoAe He

oTAeJIbHbrx'naBoAKoB ,B nepHoAbl MelKeHHofo H e A O C T a T O T I H O T O
ToJrb Ko ga 6onr uue M ex{eHr HblenepuoAbl, iHo vr 3a Kopor Kue
pacxoAa. H H TepBaJI brBpeM eHI {. Pac, I er H yKa3aHHbI X lnepnoAoB , c cyM -
B u a c r o f l x l e e B p e M f lH a M H o T H Xp e K a x H o s e p a x p a 6 o r a r c t
MapHbIM HeAocTaTKOM BO,AbI'BbInoJI'HflIoTrC yI{eToM 'Cpa6OrOX
Ha6nrcAareJrb'Hble ruApoJlorr4rrecx'He craH\Hvr H nocTbr,AaHHbre vr Bocro/rHeH,uf eMKocrHblx 3aliacoB rIoA3eMHbIX BOA. fIpU
24
25
 aHa,iIIi3eHsivieiiqHBoerlr
KarrecrBa BoAbI,cJreAyeryuurunair BpeMnfiMeercff lu5 cyT, KotAa pacxoA pexlr 6o"nsrue3 u3ic, a KaqecTBo
-ncKyccTBeHHofo
OTCTABAHHCI{3MCHqI,IBOCTI{ OTAC/IbHbIX CC NOKASATC,IEIi OT EOAbr npHroAHo .qaH BocnoJrHeHLIg noA3eMHbIx Bo,ll.
H SMe H e H H fl ,,B e i l H s H H pacxoA
br a. C onocraB JreH H a * u.i * " ru
B o- PerynrnpoBaHHeeM;KocrHbrxsanacoB AoJrx(Ho noATBepx(-
I'br tu pacxoAoB peI(H ,c coorBercrByroull{M aHaJrI43OM a TaKx(e pacIIeTa-
no3BO- AaTbcf fHApofeororHrrecKHMH,pacr{eraMH,
i l fl ' C T BOC C T A H OB H T b
BoAbr ga n.JrrTe,utHuft ..K A P TH H YH 3,MC I]IIH B OC TI{
TA K OTOK A qC C TB A M,LI COOpyX(eHIrfi I{CKyCCTBeHHOTO TBOCnOJIHeHHfi nOASeMHbIX
neplioA. BoA. Ann,npoeKrHpoBaHHflcoopyrxeHlaftrdcKyccrBeHHoro Boc-
Ilpnuep l' Pa'c'cMor,pHM a'Ha.IIrIr3
LI3,M€H.IH,Bocr', no/IHeHHfi'noASeMrHbIX tsOA,KpOMe AaHHbIXflO KOflHrIe.CTBy H
MHIIHMaJTbHbIX parcxo-
AOB peKI{ npH HeAOCTaTKe HX B OTAeJrbHbre.nepHoAbr
roAa. cHaqana HsJrO- KaqeCTByTBOAbI 'Ll I4X IISMeHTILIBOCTH,tsKJIroqaffTeMnepaTypy,
y: ol:lTT111nlrArp,orpa@y
a@
(:'-
,MHOrfo'Jl,erHeMy '

noa.n"*d*CyM-*.
frO./l
'rvrvArlr\J
fJJl"[.i;f3fJ, _y
p'q'uLrcra.
":] "i?: _T3..
p"i'.:#:":3
r',u
",ia,p6p f no4cuI,ITagM Heo6xoAHMoIrMerb AaHHbIeo roJruruHeJIbAa B BHMttufi nepu-
#ff#? g:l'j lf'i.-::^':: "
Qc''ro--ryro)
on,c,i ;"d,ii; i, ", " "yor'
n6inoao'KaxAororoAa' oA, rrryre I{ AoHHoMJIbAe.
i:lT,:
np :,*.f cnoco6ruo,cru,B
onycxuori I lTn oAosa6i;, i' d,# ;;fi"Y;, J fli; #.
op i,oaJ.nln;ilT iil;p #" j::;il-; O6H,{no BHH3 no rerreHnropeK?rpacxoA ee yBeflHrrnBaer-
"u i";^
xoeSQHrIr.{eHroMll\^,'.Ae cff. Ho 6Hearor c;ryrlau, KorAa MuFruManruuftpacxoA peKI{
,1" Ko-
Q ,n %
70
e0'lrerlraeHr ttoJre3Horo ficuoJrb3oBalvrr HHX{enO TerreHHroyMe'Hb[raercfiiB pesyJrbraTeor60pa BoAbI
6acceirHonnpn HcKyccTBeHHoMBoc-
nilr4,no ecrecTBer-tHbrM yc,noBHfM. Hanplr[,rep,no p. CouH, HI{-
!o_rHe_HnH,rracTo panuufi nprrMepHo ,Bopor Ha 2-3 ,xtrt nocJle tsbIXoAapeKH r4s
0,5-0,8 *. ilnn HHrepBaJroBnn4eneH- xe flnacryu,cKux
rrblx Me)r(eHHbIX[eptIoAoB OnpeAenfleM recHHHbrHa rxnpol(yro nepByrc HaAn.ofiueulryrcreppacy, Pac-
B TeqeHre roAa norpe6uocrll c roeQ_ xoA yMeHb[raer,cflMHHHMyM'B 1,5-2 pa3a npl4 o6ecne'{eH-
0uuHesrou tlq" H pacxo4 peKH sa- Hocru 80-95%. 3ro A.rq KoHKpemrbixycnonufi Mo)Ker 6urr
4auuort o6ecueqeHnocru. fli.nee 3a
rax4rrfi roA AJrfl BbrIeJreHHbIxMex(eu- BecbM a cy[lecrBeHHblM.
Hbrx uepHoAoB npoBepfleM AOCTaTOq- fuapo.uorurrecKue ?IccJIeAoBa:H,Hfl AoJIx(HbIconpoBoN(Aarb-
Hocrh pacxoAa peK rrrfl I4B[B. IIpr ,cfl aHaJrH3oMpaulloHa;rbHoro,eu6opa MeroAa r1rfl sa6opa
8penn, nec. or{e}rKe cyMMapHbrx pacxoAoB 3a Me-
>KeHHbreuepub4u yqnTbrBaeMpacxoAbr IIOBepXHOCTHbIX BOA Lr, ts qaCTHOCTII,nO peKOMeHAaUHflM
Pnc.4. ru4porpas pex*naBoAKoB, koHeuHo, trp[ uaA.ubxarqer,a cnpaBoqHuKanpoeKrupoBurr.tKa l32l pasA. 1, r.n. 2 H pasA. 2
KaqecrBe BoAbr. Ec.nn uexeHuufi pac- u r.n. I l .
flo KareropuflM ,HaAex{HocrurlroAar{HBoAbrcucreMaM Bo-
AocHa6xeur{ff pacrrerHyroo6ecneqeHHocrbcyrotlHblx pacxo-
AoB Lr yponHefi lloBepxnobrsux 'BoA cJleAyer npHHHMarb no
ra6n.2.
T a 6 Jr r{ q a 2. PacqetHac o6ecneqeHHocrb cyrortHblx pacxoAoB
r,r yponnefi noBepxHocrnbrx BoA

Cuuxeuue noAaqH Pacqernag o6ecneqeHHocrb, %

BoAblor pacverHofi
noroe6Hocrn ypoaHefi
I(areropnR C quc.rlotu
HaAelr(- xnte;refi
HOCTH npoAonx(H- MAKCH- MtlHtt-
TEJIbHOCTb MAJIbHOTO MAJIbHOTO
Barb AJrfl I'IcKyccrBeHHoroBocnoJrr{eHnflno43eMHbrx BoA. flpo4b.rrxr.rreJrb-
Hocrb Bcex [aBoAKoB 6una 26 c]'T; u3 HHx B TeqeHHe 28- cyt c eoAofi
flp?rroAHoroKarrecrBa H c norpe6unM pacxoAotut2 v!/c gnn ucxyccTBeHHoro I >50000 30 l- 3 cyr I 97 95
BOCrOJrHeHryr. cyUrvr_apHafifloAaqa 3a 101 cyr cocTaBJrrrer B cpeAHeu II <50000 30 I uec 2 95 90
1,26 u9lc. Taruu o6paaou, sa 101 cir nruecie c oAHrrMrpexAHesHilrMna- 100 3-5 q
BoAKoMrpe6yercr pery,/'rupyrouar(eanacnaa) eruxocrr 2,6 u.rrH.[,rssoAH; III <500 30 I lrec 3 90 85
tn/\ 1
LVV I

JIeHHeipa6orar"";-A;r;;^ d'pu.*oao* peK 3 trrs/c n 6o.urure ltorpe-

6yercr ar8l,8 cyr. fnlponoruq-ecrue ycJroBnsgro no3BoJrrror.Vls aua-
JIH3a AonycrHMoro Ka'{ecrBa Bo,qbr (auanvts He npuno4lrrcn) R_ocTaJrbuoe I(areropuu HaAexHocru AJrr, npoMbIIxJIeHHbIx rlpeAnpuq-
rufi npuBeAeHblrn pa6ore [32].
* vro'rusercfl fio connaecrnoMy
pacqery,ur-rQunbrpauuorrHbrx,coopyrKe- PenreS MecrHocrr{ I4r\{eercyilrecrBeuHoe3HaqeHae Anff
HuftN no4osa,6opoB [oA3eMHbIx
BoA, cxeMbr IABIIB. HanpuMep, B AoJI,HHe p. Aparnu nepBas HaA-
26 27
 nofiMeHHat Teppaca (,Aoneulno rrrnnortnn\ BAoJIb AoJrIrr{br ToqHHKa 14BnB, HacocHbie ,craHrIHH,
HMeer yr{Jrortr oKoJIo0,01; gro nogBoJrflerBcro ,cHcTeMV coopylKeHHff Afin
I,lBnB npeABapHTe.rlbHoro |s! flocJreAyroulefo yfiyqueHl4fl Kar{ecrBa
cAe,)'rarb ,cauorequofi or per{r4B orcror?HHK, tsoAbr' pesepByapbr, uusr.n*parIHoHHbre
r\aflreeB-HHsU,rrl- coopylKeH'fl (6;":
rpar(HoHHbre6accer?Hnrv no ropH3oHTaJrbHbrM ApeHax{HbrM cefiHu, 'cK'saxnflr H Ap.), no40sa60prr Hs
rpy6an'r ao c6opFloro I{o/IoAIIa"flpra TaKprxycJroBr4rrx rroA3eMHbrx BoA
BaMerHo ArIn flofiyqeHHq HcKy_c_crBeHHO BociroJrHqeMofinoaaeMHor?Bo_
cHrzlKaercsce6ecronMocrb BoAbr (ao 30 0.,6u 6o.nee). AbI H iBOAOBOAbI.B III 'ANC CHCTCM
IIpu pagMerr{erfr4ruuQunrrpa{proHHbrx14 eoAosa6opHbrx I4B|IB ,"" N-PO,U''BOAA
nocryrlaer Ha yqacrKH Lnn uueunbrpaUH,H
coopyx<eHvr r1 ueo6x,oAlzl,rrelrepanluufi nJraH B palione y,ra- o6lrqno ,caMore-
c r K a c n c r e M b rI 4 B [ B i B u a c u r r a 6 e 1 : l 0 0 0 0 - I : 2 0 0 d , c
r o p H 3 o H r a i l t r M ?n o B e p x H o c r Hs e M J r Hq e p e 3 0 , 5 - l u , r H A p o -
x:f..1,1'il'.#?#;';6li:::#;*T,ti:,lll:H
B y I o n I H xy c J r o B u r x I I I r H n I , l B n B B b r r o A e H
H S o r r { t t c a M H( n n n r H A p o H s o n l e s a n , t ar )r p H M H H H M a J T b H ot {M v H a q a J rn p n M e -
MaKCHMaJIbHOM y p O B H f l X I n o A S e M H b I XB O A , C O T M e T K a M HM H - rnr,cn (n ccSP); raroft cnoco6pacrpocrpaHe'
H ts CIIIA.
B 3analuoft Enpone, rA9 peKH 3arpfl3HeHbr,
H H M a J T b H O | tO4 M a K C H M a J r b H O ryop o n u e f i n o B e p x H o c r H b r x B o A , III run I4BilB
rIorITr{jgIpnMeHflercff. CavocrorreJrbr.ro
a T a Kx { e c IIo K a 3 a HH e,Mpacl oJro]K eH H fl [oB epxH ocrtdbrx B o.4, BbrAeJrrrorcffcr{cre_
Mbr 14BnB c rpaBflHHcrbrMH_ Tax'e
J Ie C a , B ,C e Xs A a U H fr H ,C OOpyX (eH A fi .Taxue rpe6onanH n _no{pbrrr,rqMH. c'creMbr
K coAep>KalB ce6e oJreMeHrbr I4B[B I u III
rro Ka 3 a T e J rfl l { H a rrJraH e MofyT yrorl H fl Tbcf no MarepH aJIaM C'rrelyer TaKx{e He sa6rtnarn, u"o^-uu*ueriruefr
"nno, rracrblo
M e c rH b rx_ y g l g BH .p r. I.ns rpoeK rt4poB aH H fl OrA eJrbH brx coopy- cncreM I4B[B flB,rrffercfiBo,qoHocHnrr?
x e H u fi 1 4 B n B (n p o rvre cK B aIK H H ) neo6xoA H Mbr nJraH br nJro- .op"ao""l^Vo, ilocry-
naeT BOAa I^IIfl BOCIIo/rHeHHfl H fAe TaK>KenpoHcxoAHTyryq-
IIIaAoK 'B uacurra6e I :500-1 :2000 c ropn3oHransww qepe3 rrreHHeKarrecrBaBOAbr.cucreurr I,iBnB naoiyr
0,5- I vr. 6btrr Henpe-
P bI BHO gCT?CTNY}O I I I HM H
I PH O AHO BPCM CHHOBO M CI ] O JI HEHHHLI
or60pe kr g HHX BO Abr . B^ er ou , cJr yqae, B O CO 6eUuoa""
, , pH
6e suanopHor l Sr znlr p aI \ Lr H,ocHoBHaf l sa, n^aoa
c'cr eM I 4B'B
I ' n a s a I I X .C X E M b IC H C T E MI 4 B I I B k t t r I XB b t 6 o p saK/Iloqaercfl iB Aeure'BoM_
_L/rJlur e,HHH KaqecrBa [oBepxHocr_
H br x BoA. Ecr n cr 4cr eM br I 4B[ I B c n. por oa"qecr {HM , BocnoJr He-
l. oEuIAfl XAP,AKTEPIICTI,IKA H HeM B TeqeHlje f oAa LI AaX{e oAHr - rpa3 B TeqeHHe
HecKoJr bxr {x
J- -I e- T--, R,CR9I"I,I,n v yt \va lrr,\rn. rrrvr rf \, rnrryf ,r n^^!,^r^
y a'v.\uAa lloBepxHocrHblx
BoA. B
Kax orMeqaJrocb paHee, rcHCTeMbI Hcr(yccTBeHr{oroBoc- cryrrae oAHHM H3 eaxHefiu]rx rroKa3arenefi
?Tg[ ci4creM
rroJrHeHtrfl noASeMHbrxreo,4noApa3AeJrfrorcflHa rpH ocHoB- I'IBIB rB/rflercr noJryqeH'e eMKocTHbrx
HbIe rH[a 3arracoB , a.aJroruq-
orKpbrrble, B ocHoBHoMC HHsr,l.UlrpauHoHHbrMtl H O I I O ' B C P X H O C T H b I .IM B O { O X P A H H J I U U I A M .3 A T C U , H A I P H M E P ,
6accerisaMLr 3aKpbrrbre,B ocHoBHoMc nHQnnrrpaqHonHbrMH opoureHr{flrBoAa,H3 CHCTeMI4BnB roflyqaerc, AJI,
cr{Bax{r.rHaMH, H npocrbre c noBepxHocruofiQu.ulrpaqner?, c B TerreH[e
He Bcefo roAa, T. e. Bo,AaHcnoJrb3)/eTcfl nepuo4,arrecKH.
HCIIOJrb3OBaHr4eM eCTeCTBeHHbTX Lt HapyIlIeHHbrx yc.uonufi, ldeX-
AY YI{ASAHHbIMH ]BbI''IC CHCTEMAMH NO CPOI(AM
BOCNOJIHCHI{fl
rJraBHbrMo6pasou rHAporeoJrofHqecKHx vr ruApo.nofHqecKHx. H Or60pa ecrb npoMex(yrorrHbre cHcTeMbr, r(oropbrepa60rarcr
B orxptnoft 6esHanopuorl,cucreMeI,lBnB (I run), cyure- c npeKparqeHHeM BOCrroJrHeHHrr ;',roxoro r(aqecTBa
B ,'ep140,4br
c r B e H H o e3 H a q e H H eH M e e r n o B e p x H o c T H a n
f lH s n n l r p a \ L r f l c o N O B C P X H O C T H b I XB O A H J I H I B O
,BPCMfl O q H C T K H HrrSUNbIP'A(HOH-
crrerrHaJrbHbrMH coopy>KeHHrrMn IAUQU,UtrpaqHoHHbrMH 6ac: Hbrx '6accefiHoBor ocaAKa (nne,uxu), a raKlKe B CBrsH c
cefiuauu, Koropbre BbrrroJrHflror Bax<HyropoJrb rpH yJryrrureHur.r peMoHroM,B cHcreue I4B[IB.
KaqecrBa rBoAbr.IJ.ln saKpbrrbrxcncreM I4B[B (lI rzn) HH- Hrnxe '6onee [oAp_o6u_opaccMorp'M orAe/rbHo
c'creMbr
QH,umpar\HflnpoHcxoAHT qepe3 norJrotqarculue,cKBax<I4Hbr I u II runoB,a ra*x(enpocrbre
+lffigtqTg.:-gPnB c'creMbr
D n rTa
uvAq.
R
P
,
,H
(HHorga Ko,ToArrbr Ap.), KyAa Ao/r>KHa roAaBarb,cfl ylKe
ltvor.a(I T TT
t^r
,TTrrrr: TZR,TJR
lrr'llv LLULLU
rL rI lr/ I.Lr r r r r r\ -./rDl\a. Vrn\l rf r t r n n m r t n r "
ff \,,rUf .fl\rrl
'{-"-'
\UnlIE,
-
I
- *.tt
tJJ n.lLD
-t 66
I'U
^ 'iY'Y,
A,L.yl H e(: l'e("1'HeLIlf T-T]r \//1 7r^D rrt-r
;";t;;;;:,:";;'i;#
pauHH BMecro 6acceliuon HcnoJIb3ylor ecTecr'BeHHbre rroHr{-
;KeHHfl B pe.uueQetr crapurlbr, a raKlKe yqacrKn nofinaesHux 2 . C H C T E M brt T H r I A ( O T K l , b t T o f o )
H Hvisr<krxHaArrori u eHHu x aJrJrroBHaJtbr{brx rep p
^ a c. B zHxeHepHbrx *rcreMar kIBIB I r.una ,{?ule
B cocraB I u II runoB cncreM nBnB uoryr BxoAHrb np'MeHflroT
Arrr nuQ:a.nrrpaqHH 6accer?Hu, pexe nn6Hi;rp;;i;;HHbre
no4osa6opn us noBepxuocrr{brxH noAseMHbrxBoA KaK Hc- KaHaJrbr.oaHa vr} cxeM I4BnB a
""6"/rbrpar{uo,H,HbrMr4 6ac-
28 '29
 certHaMH (cu. pHc. 1) nperycMarpunaer npeABapErerbHoe n BeaeblBaarque JIHH,T{H.
IJo cxel"reBoAosa6op
yJlyqlreHHe Kar{ecrBa BoAbr, qro6u cogAarb 6naronpuffTHbre
a ns eKBax{HHbI
c ouSouaMupa6oraer oAua ,Hs,cucreMHBiiB ti;;; arrrr4-
ycJloBr{flAiln pa6orrr u'H$unlrparr,HoHHux,6accelinos. tlaqe Ke. Iloc.ryeAuee
BpeMflqacTb crsoHrrrrx .rlnnr.rrt
"
' Bcero noaaouaHHena
AJrf sroro rpe6yercff rCHH)K€HH€ MyTHOCTT{ BOAbII{ OCO- K'B'Ca'CbrBarorrlHM
rop'H3oHTa/rbHbrMqeHrpo6exunmgJreKTpo-
6eu,uoAJrff orAeJrb,Hbrx nepnoAoB- naBoAKoBHa peKax. Oa- nepeA KoropbrMHycraHoBrreHBo3Ayufrnfi KorrnaK
HaKO 'B HeKOTOpbTX Cfiyrrarx ueo6xoAr{MoSonee QyH4arr,reu- ;,3.9:iy'_
(,c orcacbrBaH;r{eMBOsAyXa Bar(yyM_nacocorvr).Taxuu o6pa-
TaJIbHOe rnpeABap,HTeJIbHOe yfiyquIeHHeKaqecTBa[oBepxHocT- 3OM,,nofiyrraercfl pau:,/^o]^q^ailb1aff cxeMa cusoHa c BcacbliBalo_
rrbrx BoA. I4HM ua,cocona.B gToM ,cryrrae He Hyx{eH pe3e,p,Byap
vr\rL
Ha 'cxeMe (cu. puc. I ) npnHflro ,no oAHoMy pffAy uH- KorIoAeII Me)I{AyBoAosa6opona ,,
f;6o!_":]fi cras,uueft
SunmparluonHbrx 6accefiHoe H soAosa6opuui cKBax{HH. lr IIoAbeMa' a BoAa B cHcreMe rloAaercfl' Hacocnorl "u.o.uofi cragqraefi
flpunaeurror raKx(e cxeMbr.,Hs AByx n rpex b"aou 6accefiHos cpa3y B BOAOBOA_J! rOrpe6Hrerlo, u pefyJrHpoBaHHe
kr cKBalK,HH; noAar{H
npu STOMnapaJrJreJrbHoe .uuseftuoe HX paclloJro- BoAbrB cucreMe I4BilB ,Ha caMoM yva,cri<euoloruOtp;^;;:
)KeHHeB 3aBHCHMOCTH OT rKOHKperHbIX ycnonufi Moxer 6url r,nio.qaer,cg.
Sa,MeHelro H ApyfHryr pacrroJrox(eHHeM '6ac,cer?Hos M ,cKBax(HH. vrnorr,a unQr,inmpauuouHbre6accer?Hu pacrofiararor
Ha yra3arHHoft,cxeue tsoAa ,H3 cr(BaxHH orKarruBaercff nb- KaK
6rr qeno.rxor?: BoAa ffroAaercfi ,cHaqaJraB nepnuli Hn$rnir_
fpyx{HbrMn sJreKrpoHacocaMHu [ocTynaeT B pesepByapbJ p a ' q f i o H H U f i , 6 a c c e f iuue, H e r o
vrJrrlB HecKoJrbKo_ pe3epByapoB AJrfl pefyJrHpoBaHHflpa6oru nepnuri -- BO,eropofi np" oTOM
.vtttfiunarparlrroHHuft 6accefiH cnyxa"," " . no
a . cyqecrBy,
cncreM I4B[B. flo erofi cxeMe npeAycuarpzBaercff nocJre- 14 0lcrofiH,HKOM.flo raxofi ,cxeMe pa60raror B ,Hacroflrrlee
AyIOUee yfiyrlrxeHHe KarIecTBa BoAbI, KOrAa KarIecTBOBO- Bpe-MflcH'creMbrHBnB B -r,oJrH,He covn H ,c HeKoropbrMH
i].
Abr, nocrynanuefi ?r3 no4osa6opa [oA3eMHbrx. BoA, Hkr)Ke I{SMCHCHHflMH iB AOJI'HHC
P.
TIUPq}IK. HCAOCTATKOM grOfi
CXCMbI
r(oHAHrlHoHHbrx rpe6on a'uuft. Llaue BC€fo AJrfl nocJreAyrourero ffBJrrrercflHepaBHor\,rep'Hoe
o6pasonaFrHecplrnurpyrcurefi
yflyrrureHHflKarrecrBa BoAbr rrpHMeHflrorxJropHpoBa,HHe, ^ nJreH-
ecJrH ga co6,orl "pa3Hylo cKO_
Kfi Ha AHe ,6acceIiHo'8,rITo ;BJIer{eT
6axre?ualrbFrlrenoKasare;rn lBoAbrHecKoJrbKoxyxe rpe6ona- pocrb Qunilp ar1.HHB 6accefiuax 14,caMoe iBa)KHoe, ,HepaBHO-
uufr |OCT 2874-7,3. OAuar<o Lr npn KarrecrBe tsoAbr,co,or- MepHoe yfiyqrueHHe KaqecrBa.iBoAbrnpr4
BercrByroilIeMrpe6oeaHHflM I-OCT, xJropHpoBaHr{e Sra.rltrpallH,H' oapa,
npHMeHr- IIJreHKHc OTJrI{qaiouu{MH,Cfi n,Mr.r,cBoficlga[,rH.
Sr.rnrrpaqraoHr
roT KaK ,npoQunaKTr{rrecr{oerMeponpuflTr{e, npeAyilpex(Aafl Ha HeKoropblx o6rexra" nr,* raxoii
- cxeTr/eT,TRI-Itr,^ jF^^-^
Bo3Mo)r(Hocrb yxyArrreHr.rfl 6axrepuaJrbHorococraBa npu no. ,u,n$unr"p
rIox(eHHeM urr,"o";;- A;;;.nnor' ;;;i;;-&rl
Aarre lto iBoAoBoAaMH pa3BoAquleficeru K ,rrorpe,6nrenrc.Oa- JIIOAACTCflHCPABHOMCPHOE
i;;;-
KAqC,CTBO BOAbI ,14B OCO,6EHHOCTI{
HaI(o xJIopHpoBaHHeMox<er iB0cr[ 'Ir K yxyA[reH-HtoKarlecrBa no 6axrepvtaJlbHbIM rtoKagaTeJIrIM B pagrurlHblx
cKBa]K,LIHax
e f ir,l a c r -
B o A b I , H a n p u M e p ,o p r a H o J r e n r l { q e c K u x , n o K a 3 a r e " nB notrosa6opB,
nofiyqarcrrlux
:BoAy,H36dccertrros.
HeAbar.u"no*
HOCTHrrpH rlraJIHt-tkut 3ai{ucuoro N(e/Ie3a.ts'BoAe,noAagaeil,Iofi BbrrrrenpugeAeHHOr?,cxeMbr pac[oro>KeHHq,6a,ccefiHOn ffBJrser-
rr3 BOAosa6opa. Cfl TAK>KCUCO'6XOAHMOCTb BbIKJIIOqCHHff 'NCCIICHCTCMbI
'6accer?Hoe I4BNB
flpeanap'LlretlbHoe yflyrlueHue KaqecrBa BoAbIAo'uH$unn- I\Jrfl r{HcrKH or ocaAKoB (n.nenxz). ranyi cxeMy
Tpar{H,oHHbrx 6accefiHoBAeJraercflHe BcerAa. Hanpnuep, npu <(qeroqKofi)>, KaK,npaBHJrO,per{oMeHAoBarb He,Tb3rr.
manofi MyrHocru rBoAbI,KorAa I,rcrorrHI{KoM I,lBnB fl;BJrflrorcfl P ase,laeM ,cxervrbrp a c,nonox{eH'fl o accea;;;;;"noqxofi>>
o3epa H BoAoxpaHHJrr{uaHilr4npH BbrKJrroqeHH,H noAaql,r,BoAbr fiBJIflercflsaMeHa ux,un0u,ulrpa,uuosubrM KaHaJroM.
HBIIB
n nuQu.nbrparrnoHr{bre 6accefiubrnpn glrcoxofi MyrHocrr{ BoAbr c 'unfrunrrpaquefi krg raHa"[oe npHMeHeHo, Hanp,HMep, n pafi-
B nepHoA naBoAKoBH rrpH Apyfr4x rroKasaTeJrflxKalrecTBaBo- oHe f{pn6a.rrIHKH, rAe ,Bogosa6ob,Hs JrHHeH,Horo pflAa cKBa_
AbI.Ec"nu [oBepxHocrHafl BoAa xopouo yfiyrluaercff B HH- xr.rH pacnoJrox(eHMe)KAyAByMff Uncpunrrpaur{oHHbrM,r{
- KaHa-
Qu"rllrpaqHoHHoM6accer?He H rBoAoHocHoM ropr{3oHTe, To ';;;o ;;;plr(eH''
-n- n
r e-I' R
r- Rn
- -lr{ l -' -e -. l l h u o e vJIVqIIIeI-IHe Kaqee.TRa Ronr'r He ]rv]Krr.r Iln T
' ^fvA}n/ q s2^Dr vI rrAv trtvt ryAl ltL\ tr-\r/rl r. rEn m r iy)?rw^ w^r,r,-
EDlllallljil']1 H {l('21 III<f)R llr\ lf Trl-yrr^ r'^"^'^
T a K O H C Xe Me H e [p e p b rB H O B TerreH ne roA a paooTaeT cH cTeMa coxpaFrflercfl;ocaAo:x (nneHxa) JrerKo yr,ailner,cn,IIpoMblB-
l{BfIB n pafioue fl,pu6anr,r4rr4,HcroqHuKoMxoropor? flBJrfler- rofi.' oAsaxo uauenpe,HHocrb:! c'creMe erBnB-
,cfl o3epo. ; ,"fi,rrr"r-
pa'uHoHHbIMlr r{aHaJIaMHIIo epaBHe]rHroc ,daccefiHauu xyxe.
Buecro rorpyx{'Hbrx gJleKTpoHacocoBAJrfl neflyrreHnrrBoAbI flpnr MorrlHocr,HBoAoHocHoro ,cJror Ao 6_& vr iBMecro
LTgsoAoga6opo,B,co cI{Bax(HHaMHnpLIMeHffIorrarx<e ,cuQo,urt ,CKBaN(I{H B psAe cfiyqaeB' rle,Trecoo6pasuo
ilpr.r,MeHflTb ropH-
30
3t
 ,\ 1' aarran
, o v n r a d- r r Dt . rn tD r nr l u A u s^ a
tllr
u u p n 3 A p e l a l K F t b r x r- -p- - 2y o . I a K o- H
E^^ o
,l BoAoSa-
6op noAaeT rBoAy ,caMoTeKOM.fIp,U AOCTaTOTTH,OM npoAonbHoM
yKJIOHeAOJI,I{'HbI,
Kat{ orMerreHoBbrure,H Bcff 'cHcreMaI4BnB -- -__-_ -_ ItnEn

ruoxer '6blrn caMoreqHori.Ha puc. 5 H 6 noKasaua B nJraHe

cxeMe HflrcooHaflcTaHrI'HflOrcyrcrByer) Her H peryJrHp.yrcue-

ro pe3epByapa.Xorq nocJre4HHli rn pfl.u,ecfiyrraeB.Mo)KeT6uru
paqHoHaJreH, 'Ha,npHMep'nocJre c6opnofi KaMepbr nepeA ,Ha-
cocHofi ,cra'HrlHeft
r,ns pefyJrHpoBaHHfl noAaq'fi BoAbrnorpe6H-
TCJIIO.

r) 3. CHCTEMbI
tr THnA(3AKPbtTOrO)
I tr4nxeuepnbre
cu'creMbruBnB 3?r{pbrro,rorttra npuMeHrr-
or,,KorAa lo,(oIIrBS rBOAOHenpoHHuaeMblx vrIIH CJIa'6OnpOH,H-
uaeMbrx nopoA saJreraer rHa ffry'6,HHe6olee 5 M or noBepx-
HOCTI{3eMJIH.nng TaKHx rC,HcTeMr rITo6bI nO,ilo/IHHTb
noABeM-
, Hbre,poAbr,,coopyx(aror o6nq,uo HHoHJrbrpa,uHoHHbre cKBax{r-
Psc.5. Cxerua calroreqHofi c[creMbr HBilB orKpbrroro I runa H3 noBepxnocrHbrx BoA
Hbr. Cucreua saKpbrroro rr.rra I4BnB qaue HcnoJrbsyercff
c KoBIIToM-orcrofiHuxou, uutfxlrrpallHoHHbrMH 6accefinarun H ropH3oHTa.rbHbrMri BoAosa- Ha[OpHbIx [oA3eMHbrXtBoA: nnn ,noflyrleHHfl
,qJlfi BOCnOJIHeHI{ff
oopaMH
- r uuAUeMHol{ tsoAb|H3 yr{a3aHI{bIX ,cH.creM l/ltJrtlJ gKCnJIyaTHpy-
-o- ,-- - ?thFh

c nJran: 1 - pexa; 2- noAosa6op ua pexH; 3 - orcroiiHur; 4 -BoAoBoAr,t AJrf no-

Aar{II BoAbr n liltSn.nurpaI{IIorrr.rbre 6acceftur,r; 5 - uu(rH.llrparIHoHr{bte 6accefiurr; 6 -
" IOT BOAOSa'6OpbIno.U,SeMrHbIx BOA H3 CKBaXil{H.
roplt3oHraJlbHbre BoAo3a6opu (4peuaxnrre rpy6ur); 7 - c6opnarft xonoAeu, c xJrop,rrpo-
BaHHeM; 8-soAonoA x nmpe6ure.lro c,xeua oAHoro_ H3 BapHaHroB I4BilB 3axpbrroro runa fio,
6-paspee: /-pexa; 2-nu|unarpaqxoHHbre 6 a c c e f i H r t l 3 - , u , p , e H a ) K H b r er p y 6 u ; 4 - K asaHa r {a pHc. 2. Bax, nof i oco6eHHocr br o r ar {of i cHcr eM bl
BoAoHocHbrenopoAbr; 5 - soAoHenpoHurlaeMbre nopoAbr
ff'BJIffeTCfl,Ka:K IIpaBHJIO,,npe4BapHTe/rbHoe yJlyrlueH,ue Kaqe-
CTRA 'RnnI'I T{OTnn2 q El hv rvt ^a rEvrul , r\ E
r vr T
r yJrA I r t nr'\n'!rarr4
Avr'r/r\lrq
.,^rrnrDar^nb.n h66r
v\J\_rlIrvltvID\.rDClll)
KOHAHTILIOHHbIM Tpe6OBaH,HflM,Br(Jrrorrafl MyrHocrb rHe 6o.uee
l -3 M r lil. 3r o sucoKr . r e r pe6oBaH, vn Er r n saKar r uBaeM or i t so-
Pnc. 6. Cxeua ApeHaxHo-HH. AbI, Ho oHH o6trqHo Heo6xoAHMbr. fleno B ToM, rrro HHOHJIbT-
Qu.tlLrpaul.ronnofi cKBa)KHHbr parIHoHHbIe cKBa>KHHbr,B OCO6eHHOCTT,T ;rrp14rBoAOHOCHbrx ne-
.f - eepxulrit soAoHocHsrft ro.
pHgoHT B rtecrraHo-rpaauilurrx cKax, Han6oJree rroABep)r(eHbr KoJrbMaTa,rlLIH Ha yr{acTKe
orlo>KeHHrx; 1^I - s949ys6p- IIocr]rIIJleH'Hfl ,B BOAOHOCT{bIft rOpHSoHT. B ,cgsg,H,c 3TH,M,HeO6-
Hbre rJrHHbr; III - grxHxrl na-
nopHufi BoAoHocHbrft ropr.lsour xoAHMbr AonoJrHHTeJruHbrelpe6o'naH;un K HCXOAHOfi ,BOAe,
B T p e I I I H H O B a T b T Xl e c q a r r H K a x ; qro6bl 'cKBox('HrHbIHe yMeHbrxaJrH Ae6nr npn SIrcnJIyaTaIIHrLt
IV - sonoynopHble rJrIrHHcrbIe
cJIaHtlbr; /-crarfiqecxuft
o _ -,,,,^..,,,,^^.,,,*
u vtrwt KaK Mox('Ho MeHbUre eno yMeHbrrrailv. 3areu SaKaqHBae-
a - l\nnaLvnagLAnn ypubnn 5u.

tfi AI'l B BcpXIlcM BOAOIIOCIIOMl'O'

!: pH3oHTe: 3 u 4-coornercr. qro6br He tsbrnaAaJroocaAr(a; nocJreAHeeorHocHTcfi Ko BCeM
BeHHo rHHaMrqecxufr, u crarr.r.
\ .IecxEfi ypoBHH B Hr.rlKHeM Ha- TLInaM HBilB. Kportae roro, iB BaKarIHBaeMoIi,BcKBax(HHbI
nopHoM BoAoHocHoM rop,H3oHTe
BOAe He AOJrX(HO 6blrn nysbrpbr{oBtso3Ayxa, LrHaqe M,o>KeT
U YJ\4eHbrrlarbcfinpHeMHcrocTb HH0HJrbrpauHoHHbrxcKBax(HH.
vr? Har(oHeu,KpoMe rpe6oBanufi K 6arrepuoJror,?rqecKoMy
32 2-r 455 33
 HeodxoAr{Mo
:9:T1ly, roaKTep}rHAeJrarb 6no"uornqec,r,ufi
alarrr4sHa co-
Aepx{a'Hue H M}II(po,cKonHqe,cKHx
BoAopocnefi, Koro- cfi H yflyr{rxarbcfl B pe3yJrbrare npocrbrx MeponpuRtHri,
pble Moryr BbrgBarb r(o/IbMarg,qurots uus,u.rirr,paqgouuor? a rar{x(e ycrpoficrna
_lqApgrexHHqecKHX coopyx{enui1
C K Ba X H H e ' H B IBOC IO/IH fl €MOM
B O" 4OH OC H OM
nOpU eOU re.. He npeAHasHaqeHHbIX Ailn I,1B[8, Ho yfiyrluarctqux (unor4a
H3 p',c. 2 c:?rcreMaHarrop'oro I4BIIB .oo^ro"" cosAarouux) HcKyccrBeHHyto uH$u.usrpaquro noBepxHocrHbrx
AByx
.unuefi'uux pfiAOB ,CKBalr{HH,
KOTOpbre [onepeMeHHO ", Moryr eoA B noAgeMHble. 3aAaqa 3aKJlroqaeTcflB ToM, qro6u
6urr,HuQ'u,nrrpaquo,HHbrMu r,r soabsa6opHbrMu,qro o6nerqi_ r.rcnoJrbsoBarb npHpoAHbIeycJIoBldfl,
Hrrv cyqecTByrouue rI{Apo-
er 6oprdy ,c KoJrbMaratlueft \4 noMoraer ,Boc,craHoBJreHI{Io TexHnrrecKHe flp" sToM rrpeAnoJrafaercf rrpoBe-
coopy)KeHkrfr..
npr{eMrlcro,crfi cKBsxHH. B raxoft,cncreMe npe,,qycMorpeHa AeHlre npocrefiurnx Mepoilpunruft AJIrryJlyqureHnflun$n,urrpa-
npeABaprrTeJrbH af BoAonoAfoToB Ka. rIHHc noryqeHneMBoAhIKoHAI,IIrHoHHoro Kaqecrna.IIpH TaKHX
B HEKOTOPbIX CTYIIAflX IIPH HAilI4.qI,HHIUCTOIIHUKA C AOCTA- ycJroBnflxBoAa p€K, o3ep, Bo(oxpaHHJrLIu{ Snnrrpyercfl 6es
Toqno ul,rcrofi,Bo,[or?,npeABap,HTeJrbHyro
tsoAoiroAroroBKyor- BcrKHx Ao[oJTHHTeJIbHbIX coopyx{eHHrluepes 6epera I,I AHo Bo-
paHHqHBarOT. Hanpuuep, AJrfl ,OAHOTOo6rexra n flpu6aJrrr{Ke AOeMOBr{ Aa)Kerrepe3orKpbrryro rroBepxHocTb 3eMJrH,B qacr-
npeABapHTeJIbHafi BoAOnOATOTOBKa SaKaHr{Hnaer,csyfiyque- Hocru rrpn nonycKax Ha HH)KHrrfi6recpnJIorI{HbI.
H,I{eM :KaqeCTBa TBOAbIrHa ,CBep B erou cryrrae ornaAaer ueo6xoAnMocrbycrpauBarb HH-
Qopoea H o6essapax{HBaHrreM QH.rrrrpauHoHHbre 6accefiHsr 14 KaHaJrbrnilr, I runa I4BilB rr
p arionunx I,IBilB Ha Enux<s< norJrorqarculuecKBax(HHbIAJIfl II runa. Kporvreroro, ne rpe6y-
rroAaercfl 6es npeABapHTeJrbH eTcf npeABapHTeJrbHafl BoAonoAroroBKa,KaK rrpaBr.rJro, ilpuMe-
IIHOH,HbIe ,cKBzXt,HHbI npH ,MyTH rifleMafi AJrff II runa HBIIB H ileleAK_oAJIfl I runa. OAnaxo
Ia), KoJrLr-HHAer{c
MeHee20 n BoAopoc.rrefi
1b0-800 x.teror/.n. B paccMarpl{BaeMblx cucreMax I,IBllB III runa Mox{er npuMe-
BoAa krs yrasaHuoft cacreMbrI4bnB orKarrnBaercflcKBa- HflTbcfl [OCJreAynUlee yJlyqureHHeKaqecTBa BoAbr kr noqrH
}KHHAMH T,JIN BOAOCHA6XCHHfi H B OCHOBHOM TJIfl OPOlxC- BcerAa ee xJropupoBaHue.B III rure HMerorcfl soAosa6opbr
ILLTfl., C.rrC4YCr OTMETHTb TAM 3HAIIT{TCJIbHOC CHHX(CHHC noA3eMHbIXBOArpacrler KOTOpbIX OKaSbIBaerCfl CJrOX(Hee,Ta.K
rrpr{eMHcrocrucKBa)r{HH
sa nepuoA saKaqKH.Ora rpne_ KaK nr{Tar{He BoA qacro npoHcxoAl{TFrepaBHoMepHo
rroASeMr{blx
MHCTOCTb BOCCTaHaBJrHBaercfl (iHe ,nonuo,crlrc) ts nepHo,A H B cBrsu c a'THMBoAonpAbeMHHKrl pa6otarcT rrpr.rHeycraHo-
Mex(Ay HarHeraF'r4fl,Mrr ,H, B rlacrHocrH, orraqNofi. flo cdHH: Br,IB[reMCff ABHN(eHHI4 nOA3eMHbIX BOA H HepeAKOnpH 3HarIU-
HopMBrMAnfl raxoli,cH,crer,rbrI,IBnB B ycJroBHflx TeJrbHbrxxo.ne6aglrsx EHHaNrHueeKoFo ypoBnfl BoAbI. OAuaxo
:1ry*rn
uLt H Tpeoyercff npeABapHTeJlb:{oe yJIyqIIIeHHe,MI{H'I,IMyM
no aro rpe6yer HaMHoro MeHbIrIe Kar,.rlTaJrbHbIX 3arpar, cuu-
6awrep'ua;rbHbrM noKagare;rflM.Kpoue roro, neo6xoAuMo 6o, )Kaercfl ce6ecrouMocTr)BoAbI rro cpaBHeHuroc aKcrlJlyara[uefi
poTbcfi H ,c 3arpfl3,HeHHeMBOAOpOCJTTMH. cr.rcreMI4BilB I runa.
B saBH,c,H,MocrH or ruApor-eofloruqecKgx,H A,pyrtrx npn_ flpe4cranuu HeKoropble npocrelirrrue Meporpr4fr,TLTr,, seo6-
nnIIIJI-Tra ttnn,npr.r# ,. L
^ v^ a
u f, ,t rvrl yD i ri irdoiri n ,hr'^F^ Ty T
' LDl )TLTLD
i> - -^------ ,BapbHpo- \aa\ rrrt/rLTA v rT ncI \r n\/uTlTFrr{rncr ftvtT2 If uct rrn naol\trrT-l'!r Elrr II r.ItoTpMr.r
i'VALLpi.{\ lvtL'u,Driir u'pHUi'u MuryT rrvr4{rlrrru ,t-\u^tr l^^^ r qr^rrll ^rvAvvrrr^^lrr\ uvl

B a T b c rr. I{ a n p u u e p , B H eK oropbrx cJrytl zs* /^nn noA nr.ITbrB a-
HHfl, HalopHoro rBoAoHocHofo rop?r3oHTa Hg BbrrrreJlex{ail{ero
fopH3OHTa npHMeHflror Ape'Hax{Ho-rauQHJrbrparr-(Ho,HHbre
)KHHbrH, HarrpaMep, no cxeMe, rrpaBeAenHofi na pHc. 6.
4. [pocTbrEcHcTEMbr
ril THnA (OTKpbrTOro)
flpocrue cucreMu III ruina raKlr(e orHocflrcfl K oTKpbrTbrM
'I{ npHMeHfiIOTCfl ,C I'ICIOJIbSOBaH,]IeMeCTeCT,BeHHbIX
I{ ,HapyllreH-
KI{X CH-
cTeMax cfieuHaJrblroeilpeABapHTeJrbHoeyfiyrllxeHHe KaqecTBa
BoAbI He npuMejHflercfl.fulpononuqecKue,H ruAporeoflonurre-
cKHe ycJroBr.rffpasHoo6paeHbrKaK u y,cJroBnfl,uusuntrpaunu
noBepxHocTHbrx BoA B noA3gMHbleri{OTopbreMoryr 'H3MeHflTb-
q A
,Jt
I4BnB III rHna:
npr.IAocrarorrHorieuxocrrr BoAorrocHoro
ropH3orrraB ycJlo-
cr(Ba- rIpH I4BnB Mo)KHoyBerr4rrurbero nHTa-
BHflx oKcnJryara:{.Hkr
HHe, A CJIeAOBaTeJIbHO, 9KCnJIyaTaIIHOHHbIe 3arIaCbI, nOBbICHB
roa$QurrueHr uuQu.nrrpaunr{ almocQepHbrxocaAKoB.Hanpn-
naep,Mox(HoycrponTb nonepeKyKJroHaMecrHocru ne6o.nrruue
BailHKH, JIeCOHaCaX{AeHI{e 11, B TIaCTHOCTII,JIeCHbIe IOJIOCbI;
perrHbrx AoJrHHaxc ua.rofi eMKocrbro BoAo-
B HerulrpoKr.rx
H O C H O T Or O p H 3 O H T a B O 3 M O I K e H B a p H a H T [ p O e K T I , I p O B a H I { f l n p o -
peryJrnpyroqefi euxocrn ;
yBeflHqeHr.rff
npu Mo[lHocrLI6o,rree20-30 M BoAoHocHororopusoHTaH
AocrarorrHo urupoxofi AoJIHHe,HeAocraroqHoMpacxoAe peKH B
orAeJrbHblenepnoAbl vr HeAocratoqHofi pesepnnort eMKocrI{ B
ecrecTBeHHblxycJIoBHfx Bo3Mox{eHBapLIaHTCHI'lX(eHHfl ypoB-
2* 35
 H g I ? n o A 3 e M H - b-p
l X R O f i I l D I l l 4 y 4^'
u a*;;
ooxoa,n
n-r!\/-rlrztr!-{Lr ,#;
il,ri'1ALi .,r^.rr{aa- 114
06flgareJrbHo. fnlporeoJlorHrteeKue,rprApoJtorHqecKplerexglr-
* yno ;. y^,pi; ;i ; ir";
IIECKUE i ;; r; ;;
""' NABOAKOB
BOCIIOJIHCHHflSAIIACOB TIOA3CMHbIXBOA BO BPCM.'I """;",ifl';? YCJIOBHfl C}ICTEM I4BNB
pasuoo6pagnbl. Cne4yer
"
C TPABflHbIMH 6ACCCfiHAUH
rrTo
KU nyreM uuQu"rrtrparlutrnoBepxHocrHbrx PC. raKx{e orMergTb, caMa oKcnJryara-
BoA B BOAOHOCUUIIt\r4fl [oA3eMHbrxBoA
ropHsoHT; Bbr3brBaercHH)KeHHeUx ypoeuefi fi TeM
' caMbIM IIOBbIIITaeT B03MOX{HOCTH
eKcnJryarar\uH
_flrtpu 6eperonux uusunlrpaqnoHHbrxn,o4q. AOnOJTHI4TeJIbHbIXIIpLITOKOB
j[oBepxHocTHbix BOA B noA3eMFrhre.
ea6oponpycJropeKHnocr-enesuosalrJrrrercni
B cBfsH C 9THM
YXYAIuACTCg NHTAHHC NOAsEMHbIX BOA Ug PCI(H. T,NN BOCCTa:
HOBJTeHH n $unarpar{HoHHnx csoricrB pycJra peKH rreJrecoo6pas- . 6 . B b I E O P C H C T E M b IH B N B
HO npofisBec'Tr.r
pbrxJrelrHeBepxHerlqacu{ SaKoJrbMarHpoBaHHo- /J.ltsKoHKpel'rrbrxo6rexroB rrpoeKrrrpoBaHurr HBIfB Aera-
ro cJrof; \ ilwsar\HflcxeMbr,pasMepbrH KoHcrpyKrIHH coopyxeHuriyrorr_
AJIfl NOBEPXHOCTHOTONOATIHTbIBAHHfl,IPYHTOBbIX BOA MO)I(HO Hflrorcf r{ rrpoBepfrorcflpacrreraMuc yqeroMyKa3aHHbrx
. I4CNOJIb3OBATb
CCTCCTBCHHOI,IJII{ HCKYCCTBCHHO SAJII,IBACMbIC
KJIII-
MaTHqecKHX'|HAPor eof ior HqecKHx,|HAPo. lt or l4qecKHx,caHHTap-
CTAPHI{bI VT NOHH}I(CHHfl B
PCJIbEQC HA PEIIHbIX TCPPACAX, B Hbrx, SKOHOMHqeCI{HX H npoqHX yCaOeUli, BKJITOTIafl BeJrHqHHy
oco6euuocrr{
nofinaeHHofi; , norpe 6uocr n B BoAe, penr eS. PacxoA, a r aK) r ( e Kaqecr Bo Hc-
rIpH rHApOrexHHrrecKux coopy)KeHHflX qaCTO Ua6.rlrcAaercfl xoAuor? BoAbr (vyruocrl, 6axrepuororprqecr(He noKasarelu,
ycHJreHHe QU.rrtrpaq:ar B BOAOHOCHbTe ropH3oHTbI ng KaHaJroB HafiHrIHe BoAopocnefi, coAepx{aHHe ToKcutIHbIx BeII{ecTB u r.
H BoAoxpaHHJrHrrI.llpn ycrpoficree HeiKoropux BoAoxpaHHnHrrr- A.)
BJr r {f lr orHa nn6op , cxeM br cHcr eM HBnB. Han-
Hbrx nJroTHH AJrfl OpOCHTeJrbHbrxue.rreli I{HofAa npelycnr a,TpH- ,, l Y qeCr neHHo
o
- uouJr lr e o ppuolruHMM . rqsaul llee r B
c ce A U BJJrrf fl el eTrCcfr gs aaKx ppbuIrTubfIiH lIII T
r uHnn nHBB, iLl lBB,, a
Baror Bo3Mo)r{Hocrb
Qu.nlrpar{Hr{noA nJrorr.rnofrt-
lrnil uoairs- caMbrMAeureBbrMo6uqHo III rlrrr I,IB,nB. flpe4napHreJrb,Has
TbIBaHHfl BOAOI{OCHbIXTOpH3OHTOBB ailrrroBvraJrbHbrxorJlox{€: BOAOIIOATOTOBKa,. eCJrHrpe6yer,cn cyqecrBeHHoe yryqrueHHe
HI{fX; KsrrocrBaBoAbr(nnn SaKpbrrbrxcncreu I4BnR, xax npaBr{Jro,
eKcnJrya'Tar{Hfl noA3eMHbrx BoA H Lrx HHTeHCHQuT<aqu
s, 6na- , o6seare.rrluan), flBJrfercr raKxe- Aop_o'rofi,
cocraBJr
fl,fl,,ilparMep-
TOIIPHflTHbI B KOHYCAX BbIHOCA B OCO6CHHOCTHNPH HAJIT4\LIH B Ho, 20-50010 ce6ecrouMocrrrklB,nB. flpe4napr{reJrbHaff
xe
,H?lx aKKyMyJrHpyroquxeMKocreir Ans coSAaHHfl3anacoB rroA. 'B O TKpbr r br x or cr of iHur ax
B OA OI TO A|O TO BKa He Aopor af l: I I o Ka-
3eMHbrxBoA B rrepHoAblHeAocrarorrHol-oTTHTaHHH
rroBepxHocr- rtrrrnatrr.tn[n1r/Arrrrdr'
.rt'rr r (rtr\-r.c)rr'Lr,lr\Ennn lv! -
^,.^-^
Ur\UJI'U
e
v-
n n l-10
I a ll0
--2,-
, CeO€CTOHMOCTII B0-
rrhrMHBOAaMHHJrHAa)KeHX OTCyTCTB*tfl.. AbI - nopngxa Zols.
Ilpune4eHHbre npunreph roBopffr o Bo3Mox{Hocrn yBeJrr,r- Enn r runa I4BilB c noBepxuocrsofiQu,rrmpaquert
ueo6xo-
tluTb 9KCIIJIyaTaI{HOHHbIe 3anaCbl nOA3eMHbIX BOAr paCXOA BOAO- ,A H MO 'CTpeM HTbCf[ epeHecr
l H B ocHoBHoM yJr yqur eHHeKaqe, cTBa
sa6opon nyreM npocrblx Meporpu sltuf,t.KoHe,rHo,npr{MepbrHe ,' no,nrrHa unQnJrbrpauHoHHbre
oaccefiun(xaianrr) ru uacrHrrHo
i{cqepnbrBarorpasuoo6pa3ue npupo.{,HbrxycJrosufi n cnoco6oe :Ha no4osocuufiroprl3oHr.
A.rrsaroro qa_croBbIroAHosedonl-
YflYqIUCHI,Ifl TIOAIIHTbIBAHHfl BOAOHOCHbIX TOPHsOHTOB. ul'oe r[peABapHTeJrbHoeyflyrrueHHe KarrecrBa BoAbrB oTKpbITbIX
orcToHHHKAX, rAe cHr.tx(aercflMyTHOCTb H yJryqrualorcs 6arre-
5 . TP ,A B flH bIE E A C C E H H bI puaJlbHbrerroKagareJrH.Kor42 B rreprroArraBoAKaHa ropHbrx
'
peqKax 6nsaer BbrcoKarMyrHocrb,a B cucreMe HBIIrB HeJrbat
Kar orMerreHo Bblrrre,npu HcKyccrBeHHoMBocnoJrHeHHr{ HTIH,HC PAIIHOHAJIbHO CO3AABATb
PE|YJIfiPYIoIIIYIO BMCCTI{MOCTb
noAseMHbrxBoA lrcrroJrb3yrorcffnyrh; n ecrecrBeHHbrxnoHH- i u noAoea6opu e.taror? cncreMe HeJrb3fl
oTKJrroqarb, cJreAoBaJro
)KeHr{flx oHr4 3aJrr4Barorct noBepxHocrHoli no4ofi, Koropaf 6u ltpoa'HaJrH3r{poBarb r{eJrecoo6pasuocrnrtpeABapr.rreJrbHor,o
.
Su.utrpyercfl rlepes AepH r{ florrBy r{ rrpg s'ToM sHarrgTe.rriso ocax(AeHHf KpynHbrx BSBerrreHHbrx BerrrecrBB necKoJIoBKaX.
yfiyquaercfl no Kar{ecrByrllpu Heo6xoAHMocrr{rJrorqaAKr Jty- 3ra:-,rpo6.neua Ailfl cr4creM HB|IB coBceM He paspa6oraua.
nnEl .1nf-\ff g lIZlf D a I/\m D O rtrrrf ol\trr Ttrttnn
t,ve vL vpsjr\r^pqr\rI' Ir(rdlrIACl,Ivt4. rl'.fl\,rl.

TpaBflHbre6accefiHbr,Ha AHo Koropbrx yKJraAbrBaroT AepH. oTAeJrbHbrxgJreMeHToBcHcreM I4BnB, paccMoTpeHbrHHXe.

Bo scex rpocrbrx crrcreMax I4BIIB orcyrcrByror coopy)Ke-
uuff 'no [peABapr{TeJlbuort
goAo,uoAroToBKe,Ho udcne [ofiyrreHuff
noAseMHbrxBoA Ha raKHx cHcreM .Mox(er 6uru flocJreAyroqee
yflyqueHHe KaqecTBa BoAbI' a xJIOpupoBaHLIe, KaK [paBI'IJIo'
36
 i . n a s a i v . o B l t t H EB o n P o c b l n p o E K T H p o B A H r , l f l TnpoBaHli,q clicTel,{ I4BHB fiBJIseTcs 3aAaHI{e 3aKa3qHKa Ha
npOeKTHpO BaHLIBoAO e cHa6XeuuR, AaHHbI e H3bI cKaHuh u cpag'
CHCTEM HBNB uilte.rttuirfi aHaJIHs nn6opa BaplaaHroB HcrorIHHKa BoAocHa6-
XCHI,Ifl.
I. OEOCIHOIBAHH
E IIPOEKT,HPIOBAH,Ufl
llpoexrupoBaHue cr{creM I4BnB flBJrflercflcrrerlnQuuecruu, V I{X CBfl3b C H3bICKAHHflMH
2. CTA,4HHnPOEKTI,IPOBAHHT
HOB TO X(e BpeMfl BKflIOtIaerCfl,KaK cocTaBHafl, LraCTbIIpOeKTI{.
p_o_BalFrufiBoAocHa6xesus B rIeJroM. flpu npoeKrr{poBaHnu 6>xennn BbI'
flpoerrHpoBaHl{e cucreM I4BilB Ailfr BoAocHa
I4BnB ueo6xo4ulao yrrnrbrBarb ero BgaHMocBrgbc cucremori C yrIeTOMnpeAnpoeKTHrtXpa6OT,CxeMbII{CnoJIb3OBa-
noJIFIflIoT
BoAocHa6>xeuusB rIeJroM.I4BIIB cJreAyer rrpoeKrr,rpoBarbc HHf BOAHbTX peqHoro 6acceliua, reHe-
pecypcoB oTAeJrbHOrO
yqeTOM KOMnJIeKcHOfO HCIIOJIbSOBaHIIfl BOAHbIX peCypCOB, CxeM
-s
BoAocHa6xeuns H KaHaJrHs ar\vtr4,paspa6o'raHiHr cocTaBe
reHepaJIbHbIx TIJIaHoB pafioua. llpoexrrapoBaur{ecrrcreM I4B[B
AOJIIKHO OCHOBbIBaTbCfl Ha aHaJrHserrpHpoAHbrx,TexHI4rIecKHx
'u,cannrapHbrxyc.nonnfiHcroqHHKoB
BoAocHa6xe*ufl..
Ilorpe6Huri pacxoA cncreM I4BilB orpeAeJrflercfls o6uevr
npoeKTe BoAocHa6xeHraqc yrreroM npupoAHbrx, catttrapHbrx, H BXOAHT B feHepaJrbHbre rrJraHbl pa3BHTHfl aAMI4HHCTpaTHBHbIX
TexHHqecKHX Lr SKOHOMI{qeCKHX iloKa3arenefi, a TaK}I(e HMero- partonon (lo o6.nacrr- Kpafl v Aax{e pafiouon BKJIIoqH-
UII{xcfl eoAosa60pHbrxaoopy)Kesuft.rlpn,orleHKe norpe6uoro tentuo)
pacxoAa cr{creMbr I,IBnB cJreAyeTyuilrunart xoeQ$uqr{eHr Bo4oxoenftcrsegHltli 6anav,c cocraBJlfleTcfl l{cxoAfl H3 P3-
-oco6eFr-
HcrroJrb3oBaHHfl r,rcxoAuofiBoAbr B cHcreMe I4BnB, s IIHOHaJIbHOTO UCIIOJIb3OBaHHq IIOBepXHOCTHbIX H IIOASeMHbIX
HocTI4KnA uucpH"ntrparIHoHHux 6accefiHosT)r, a raKx(e [oT€. B O A , B I ( J I I O q a f l 9 I ( O H O M H q e C K H en O K a S a T e J I H ' n O B T O p H O e H C f l O J I b -
pu ilpr npoMbrBKecoopyx<euuft,[peABapureJrbHoMr4 rrocneAy- 3 o B a H H eB o A b I ,o 6 o p o r H o e B o A o c H a 6 x e n g eA 6 e s s o s s p a T H b l e
fiorepH; [ocJIeAHHenpLIHH\49IOrCfl_.nO Mepe yJIyqIXeHHfi ]ICROJIb'
p,SW yflyqrxeHaHKaqecrBa soAbr. floresHlrft pacxoA cucreMbr
I'IB'IIB orpeAeJrrrercr c nepcilexrunor?ua 25 ner u 6onee. 3a- sOBar.rHrr BoIlbr n paevrepe 20-300/s lr McrrbrIIe or llorpe6neHnr.
T J^,, ^\ - n ^ m oCD narrrrrr n rrnnvn?q#crnprrHorn 6 a . n a H- -e- -a V q-H T b I B a e T C f l
reiu rrpH or-rpeAefleHHH pacxoAa cHcreM i{BilB Ha orAenruufi IIIJrI t-,\-r lDr/l\.lllrrr !vAv/\vv J

IIepHOAyr{HTblBarorpacqeTHbrecpoKH ,crpor{TeJrb'cTBB, a B cJry- TaKX(e OpraHI{3 At\LrflOXpaHbI BOAHbIXpecypcoB or 3arpfl3HeHl',Ifl

lae seo6xoAHMocrI{ H Ailn rrycKoBoro r(oMnJleKca,cr{creMbr. ^soAoxossf icr sesHufpery'
HaIIpI'IMep
H HCTOIIIeHI{fl,a TaKx{e ApyfHe MeponpHflTl4fl., i
JrH po BaHHelloBepxHocTgor o cr oxa. B 6a-
Kporr,reroro, qeJrecoo6pasnordMerb coo6paxeHufl vr Ha orAa.
JreHHyro'repcrreKlgnl (50 Jrer rr 6onee) KaK no Bo3Mo)r(HoMy JraHc BxoAf T AaHHbI e o pacxoAax noBepxHocTHblx H [ O A3eM HbI X
'U
D A- C
- - -X
- -O
^JIlV C.'I'CTEM 14R.NR T TIT
a srl
TT.| \ / Nv vI LTv N E I I t r G I ' ]r\r/^T N , | Q ] \ / T A T T T A I J I ' c I
u.LL.L
rr^.
I t vv
J trsvrYrvlr+varr^rl

opy)r(eHafiraxoli cncreMbl, TaK KaK rrocJreAHee MolKer ilHMurH-

poBarb_ee pacxoA. llocleAoBareJrbHocrb npoeKrHpoBaHr{ffcLr:
creM I,IBilB uossoJrfler B AaJrbHerhuena B'HocHrbyrorrHeuufl Ll
refqe BHeApsrb parllroHaJra3arrHro rro Mepe pa3Brrufl, crpoH-
TeJrbcrBaH sKcirJryarar\HHyKa3aHHbrxcHcreM rro ,oqeperflM Hx npHBOAHTCflnoTpe6nOCtt B BOAe I{, B qaCTHOCTI{,AJlfl XOStII'ICT'
'crpor4re4bJrya. 3ro onpeAeJrflercf onbrror\{ oKcrrJryaTa,r{Hr.r
cH- B eH Ho- nt 4TbeBor oBoAocHa6xceuHR,opoI UeHHf i, BoAHor o TpBHC'
cTeM I4BnB H, B qacrHocra, Bo3MoN(HbrMH krgMeHeHHfl,Mu co IIOpTa, pU6uor O XoSRf iCr na, a TaKlKe yr I uTbI BaeTCf M
l I 'I HI 1M aJI b-
BpeMeHeMrrpHpoAHbrxr{ rexHHr{ecKHXycnonufi. n.ns [poeKTr{-, Hrift 4onycruurrftcroK B peKe.Taxuu o6pasovt,npg npoeKTH-
poBaHr{flcn,creMI4BrlIB cJreAyer HMerb rrlApoJroruqecKueAaH- poBaHI{HcLIcreMI4B[B ueo6xoAl'IMoyqurblBarb pacnpeAeJle'
'rr^ n^rrnwnaqrlrr.FRprrrrrf rn ( - r a . f i A ' n . .A , A ? i C i i O ; i b 3 o t s a H l i e ?{CTOqI{II-

noJrHfleMoMy BoAo'HocHoMy,ropusoHry, ronorpaQuuecxne rrJra. K a I 4B[ B cO r JI acoBbI BaTbc coor Ber cTByI O uI I {M I { opr BHH3S-
Hbr,a raKlKe oqeHKy caHnTapHbrxyclonufi. III{ffMH.
PacqerH cucreM HBilB o6gsareJrbHoyBffsbrBaror c era. B CCCP I,IBilB craJlo 6onee IxHpoI(opa3Bl{BarbcqHeAaB-
IIaMH Heu'cxanufi, a Taxx<e norpe6ilbrMl{ pacxoAaMu corJra,cHo 6anascax oHo nOKa y'IU-
Ho. floa'roiuy n BoAoxosgticrseHHrtx
npoeKry BoAocHa6xeunso6rexra. O6ocuoBaHHeM AJrs rpoeK- TbIBaeTCfl peAKO, H B CBfl3II C sTHM npl{ npoeKTIIpOBaHHH CHC'

38 39
 reM idBnB orMeqeHHbre
noKasare/rnBoAoxossricrseHHoro
6a. paHHux cra1nh HBbrcKa nufi. iioerovry npoemlipoBiltnt<u cl{cteM
JIaHCa-CJreAyeT
yTorrHffTb. 14BnB Ha Bcex craAr{flx uslrcr<aHnfi AoJr}(Hbr lrpr{HHMarb
;
B l98l r. 6olggllrv6n_.yKoBaHo nocraHoBJreHue I{eHrpa.rrr. yqacTue H aHalrKsrrpoBaTb noflyqeHHbrepesyJrbTaTbr.
Horo Kouurera KIICC H cosera Muur{crpoBCCCP <<ortaepax, Cor.nacHo pacflopr]r(eHr4roMusHcrepcrBa reoJrofur.rCCCP
Iro AanrHefirrreMyyflyqueHHro npoerffHo-cMerHoroAeJra>; or 25 Hor6pn l98l r. sa Nb 438-4 BMecro npe)Knero T3O
(Nb 312, 1981r.) u e pasBtrle aroro nocraHoBJreHr.rr <<l4ucr.'i (npn yTBepx(AeHHpr gKcnJryarauHoHHbrxsaflacoB [oABeMHbrx
pyKI{Hfl O COCTaBe, nopflAKe paspa6oTKH,corJracoBaHvTH yr- eoa) cocraBJrflercfl <TOA no orpeAeJreHuroronAllqurt>>.
Bepx{A.eHHH flpoer{roB H cMer Ha crpoHTeJrbcrBorpeAnpunrufi, IIopn4oK H coAepx(aHue ruAporeofloruqecKux HccJreAoBa-
eAa_HnfiH coopyxceuuft>>(CH 202-81). uvtfr LIrr o6ocHosa:nnr,npoeKrnpoBaHnflI4B[B, npHBeAeHHbre
Ha ocHoBaHHHyrBep)KAenubrxcxeM pasBr{Tr{r nporrsBoAn- B npHJro)KeHr{H I, uoryr HsMeHflTbcfl B saBHcuMocrrroT HgyrreH-
TeJrbHbrxcHJr u pa3Merr{errfl,orpacnefi HapoAHoro xosqftcrsa Hocru gr(enayararluoHHbrx3anacoB H npupoAHbrx ycnonnfi.
o6ocHosbrBaercfirleJrecoo6pasHocrnnpoexrrpoBaHr{r HoBbrx, Bax<HunI B 4erannuoft pasBeAKesKcrrJryararruoHHbrx ganacoB
peKoHcrPYnqHqn pacIIIHpeHHerrpeArpHnrufr H coopyxeuuir. flBJrrroTcfionbrruue pa6orbr so'VIBflB e Harype. OAnaxo A.ns
flpoemupoBaHue 19_ 9Il 202-81 ebrnonHnercn rrpuMepHo orIeHKu-rro Bbrcoroli Kareropr{H H HByqeHHocrHnpn Halrn.uur
raK x€, KaK no CH 202-76, r. e. B ABe craAHH (npoexr xopouero aHaJlofa Ueabro npeABapuTeJrnnoft pa3BeAKr.r Mo)Ker
co cBoAHbrMpacrlerorr,rn pa60rlaff AoKyMeHTaqHfno cnaeravr) 6urn iloayqeHue 66.nturefiausopu ar\HLr,l.r onuiHue pa6orbr rro
Lr B oAHy craAHrc (pa6ouuit [poeKr co cBoAHbrMr.r cMeraMr{ 'l,IBnB Moryr 6um saMeHeHbtaHaJrH3oM cpaBHeHHfiycnonufi
cTor{Mocrr-r). ocHosaHr.reiu AJTr rrpoeKTr{poBaHHflflBJrfferct HccJleAyeMoroo6rexra c aHaJroroM,rAe HMeerc-fionbrr-HBilB.
pafioHuax cxeMa. Cne4yer yqecrb, qro <<I4HcrpyKuuflno rrpu- flpu eroM conocraBJrflrorcff npupoAHbre ycJroBr{s,BosMo>K.
'Hocrb
MeHeHr{rornaccu{rHr(arlHr.rer(cnJryararlr{oHHbrx 3aIIacoB rIoA- Hx HsMeHeHHflnpu oKcnJrya'rarrHucr{creMbr I4B[B H
seMHbrxBoA K MecropoxAeHHsM fipecHbrxBoA locyA,apcrBeH- npoBoAsrcfl roJrbKo na6oparoprrbre HccJreAoBaHHfl* B eroM
nofi rouvrcctvr no 3anacaM noJregHbrxHcKonaeMbIXrrpu Coge- cryqae no npeABapr{renlu,ofipa3BeAKeo6texra HccJreAoBa'Hr.rrr
re MuHucrpon cccP (fK3) ll2l u <<CxeuanocrreAoBarerrb- Mox(Ho o6ocHosarl orleHr{yno Bbr'coKHM KaTefopnflM uayqeH-
Hocrn era,..vtft uccJreAosaHnfi>>
MnHucrepcrBareoJrorur,r CCCP Hocrn gKcnJryaTaqlroHHbrx sarracoB u rroJryquTbo6ocHosaune
He npelycuarpzBarorHBIIB. TexHo-pa6oqero npoeKTa. flpoueHrHoe coornorueHr.reKarero-
, rrpH c"roxrHocTHyrrJrrrJ peKoMeHAyeTcfi
ft-- r - lrhFn
[poeKTHpOBaHHe pHfrI HsyqeHHocrtrAJIfl i,iBnB rrpH yrBep)KAeHHHoKcnJryara-
HOBbIXCHCTeMBbI[OJrHflTbB ABe CTaAVH,a npH paSBlITIrH u,uoHrrbrxsanacoB noKa He perJraMeHTHpoBaHo. flpn npoeKTH-
xoporuero aHaJrora-
4eficreyrcrrlHx clrcreM unr fipv Hailr4q:f^tr poBaHr{H B oAHy H ABe CTaAnr4MOX{HOnpHHfrb U3yrreH-
B OAHy CTaAHFO. HOCTb 9KCnJTyaTaIIHOHHbIX 3anaCOB nOA3eMHbrX BOA C
v.rurHeaff npHBeAeiHHue AoKyMeHTbr, a TaKx(e r{Mercuyrocfl HcKyccrBeHHbrM Hx BocnoJrHeHHeM AJrr I ouepe4r{cTpoHTeJrbcrBa
rrpaKrHKy, npoeKrHpoBaHHe cr.rcreM ITIBnB IIpe,rlJraraercfl 500/0 no A n 50% no E, a Ailfl, pacrrerHoro cpoKa rrpnMepno
BbInoJrHflTbc yr{eroM BbrrrreyKagar{Hbrx craAufi HccJreAonaguft 25olo no A, 25-5;0010no E 4,50-25010 uo C1, corrlaCyfl sro Alfl
w H3yqeHr-rocrn ycnonHfi no cxeMe [ocJreAoBareJrbHocru KoHKperuuxo6reKroB c fK3.
oueHr(H gr{c[JryaTarIHoHHbrx 3anacoB r]oA3eMHbrxBoA npH
r.tcKyccrBerIHoM Bocno.rtHeHHH, craAnt? HslrtcxaHIaftH npoeKTH- 3. OErrIAflCXEMABOAOCHABXEHHfl
poBau?rflcr{creM i,iBIiB (npun. i ) " B erofi cxeMe KoMn-
JreKcHonpeAycMarpHBarorcflraAporeoflorHqecr(He,rHApoJrorH- IIper BoAocHa6xeHur.r c cucreMofi I4BIIB sosHuKaer Bonpoc
qecKlre H calruTaprrbreflocraAufiuue HccJreAoBarrr{ff c oueuxofi o nau6onee noJrHoM parlr{oHaJrbHoM HcnoJrbBoBaHHH pacxoAa
HsyqeHHocru AIrr npoeKrr{poBaHHflcucreM I4BnB. flpH rarofi cr{creMbl. flpu KoHA}IIIHoHHoM KaqecrBe BoAbr cucreMa
gKcnJryarauHr.rcncrer\{ 14BnB AoJrx(HbrnpoBoAHTbcfl cra- HBIIB AoJr>KHayAoBJre'rBopflrbnorpe6uocrb,' Koropafl r{aMe-

6oroil coopyx<eHnftI4B[B, Koropbre BMecre c HeKOTOpbrMr{
AOIOJrHHTeJrbHbrM14 HCCJTeAOBaHHfiMH flBJrfl]OTCfl ocHoeofi
npoeKrnpoBarrHflpa3BHrHfio6rexra I4B[B.
AHanus Bo3Mox(HocrnHcrroJrb3oBaHLtfl
AJrfl BoAocHa6xeHns
cncreM I4B[B H nu6op nx QxeM QJreAyerHar{HHaTbc qaMbrx
cyTKaM B TeqeHHeHeAeJrH, a TaKlKeno qacaM B TeqeHHecyToK.
LJtfr I,IsivreHeHHerro roAaM o6uqHo cBfl3aHoc o6ul,nu pocroM rroT-,
pe6uocru, a raKx{e c HeKoTopbIMHAoTIoJIHHTeJIbHbIMH ycJIoBLIfi-
MH: Hanpr,rMep, B 3acyuJrHBbleroAbt, KorAa H pacxoA HcToqHH-
Ka BoAocHa6xeHurryMeHb[Iaercfl.HsN,reHeHHe no cegoHaMH B

40 4l
 B y a p o BH p a 6 o r y H a c o c o Bf.o A o B a n a Q c i l e K r u B H o ccrobc r a B H J r a
TeqeHHeHeAenu cyrorrHoropacxoAa,a raKxe fi qacosoio 3aBr,t-
480 rbrc. py6. rqu cpoKe oKyraeMocru KarrnraJrosnoxenufi
crrr or KIrHMara 6,naroycrpolicrBa ropoAa, yKIIaAa x(H3HHHa-
Bcero ABa roAa. Cne4yer orMeruTb, rITo B paccMarpr{BaeMoM
ceJreHufl,pe)KHMapa6oru npeAnpr.rnrufttr yqpelrAeuuli, nor-
rrpr.rMepe 6ama yI{TeHaBo3Mo}KHocrbAoHcnoJIb3oB arrfl, pacxo-
pe6Hocrr LJtfl,noJrr{BayJrHI{H 3eJreHbrxHacaxAeHufi, a raKx(e
ce3oHHoro H3MeFreHHfl rrucJreHHocTr4 na no4osa6opa noA3eMHbIXBoAr tr,toulHocreli HacocHbrxcraH-
HaceJIeHHr. B Couu,
HanpHMep,norpe6socrt B BoAe yBefiHrrHBaercff unr? I noAreua H nponycxHofi cnoco6uocrn BoAoBoAoB.flpn
B KoHIIeBecnbr,"
aMnJrHryAerracoBbrxKoe$SHrrHeHroBHepaBHoMepHo-
6i6y11,rlrefi
JreroMr{ oceHbtos 2 pasa no cpaBHeHuroc 3trMHHMnepuoAoM.
crr4H npH HeAocraroquofi peryJrnpylouefi BMecrHMocrHpeeep-
Tarue uar4'eHeHuff pacxoAa yqnTbrBarorrrpu rrpoeTTr,rpoBaHur{,.
ByapoBHcnoJrbsoBaHHe noAosa6opoBnoA3eMHbIx BoA 6y.u,erxy-
a xoe$SurrneHrbt cyrorrHofiu qaconofi uepanuonrepnocrr4(n,tar.
cnMaJrbHbre H MHHHMa.ntuue)npuBeAeHbrB pyKoBoAcrBaxno xe ,H c r{cKyccrBeHHbIM BocnoJIHeHHeM. VqurHsaff HepaBHoMep-
Hocrb norpe6n etvr, BoAbI AJrff xo3qficreeHHo-nuTbeBblx qe.nefi,
BoAocHa6x<eHnrc, crpaBorrHuKax[32] n CHnII II-31-74. Otna-
KO B 3aBHCHMOCTH cJreAyeryrrHTbIBarbTaKX{e norpe6HocrI,I BoAbI Ha llo)Kapory-
Or MeC'rHbrX yCnOnUfiMoryr 6urn orKirroH€,:
HHfl or HopMarHBoB.Baxuo, .Iro6H cncreMa racKyccrBeHHoro IrreHHeu L;'l,flnpoMbIIxJIeHHttx ue,nefi.
BOCnOJTHeHHfl yAOBJrerBOpnJra B ueroropbrx cryq2nx npuxoAuTcfl orKa3blBaTbcflor Iicno-
3Ty HepaBHoMepHyro no BeflLrqfl-
He norpe6nocru. Ec.nHperyJrr{pyrcuue eMKocrr{B cncreMe Bo. Jrb3oBaHHfl cncreMbr I4BilB. Hanpnuep, Ann oAHoro ropoAa
gnroAHefi, oKa3aJrocb,HcnoJrb3oBarbnoBepxHocTHble BoAbI c
Aocua6xeHurr MaJrbr,ro paxoA cucrenrrr I,IBIIB ,u,;rsyAoBJrer.
BopeHHflnorpe6Hocrr.r6ya,er HepaBHoMepHbrM. HanpaMep, Aaff n,onuofi ouHcrrofi, TaK KaK ropoAcKafl BoAorlpoBoAHaficerb
ropoAa c HaceJreHHeM rrorITI{He norp e6oBa[Ia AonoJrHHTeJT bHbIX KanHTaJIoBJIo)Keuuft.
100 Tbrc. xnreneft, HcnoJrb3yflAaHHbre
B ro BpeMfl I{aK pasBzrHe cncreMbl I4BilB B AaHHoMropoAe
CnpaaouHHKa L321,Mox(Ho Bbrrrr{cJr?rrb MaKcuMannnufi qaco-
nofi pacxoA npnMepHo 1,5-2 ri Mr{HuManluufr 0,2-0,4 or norpe6oBaJro 6rt 3HaTIHTeJIbHbIX Kanr4Tanrosnoxenuft.O6ssc'
Hflercr aro reM, rrro cucreMa IrlBnB H BapHaHTno4osa6opa
cpeAHeqaconoro.A. A. .Ily6nHcxux AJrfl oAHoro Hs ropoAoB
cAeJraJrali^anrr4s soAosa6opoB noA3eMHbrxBoA, qro6u BblflBLITb Lt3 noBepxHocrHblx BoA HaxoAflTcf Ha IIporHBonoJIox(Hblx
BosMo)KHocrbnoBbrrueHnflHx e$QerrHBHocrH ryreM ycrpori- cropoHax ropoAa.
Taxnnao6pasovr,nu6op H eKoHoMHr{ecKyIo oIIeHKyBapHaH-
crBa AonoJrHHreJrbHbrx peryJrr{pylouux euxocreft \ns, 6onee
paBHoMepuofipa6oru vKa3aHHbrxBo,u,oga6opoe. Ta HcroqHHKaBOAocHa6xeHHq cJreAyernpoH3BoAHTb B ueJIoM
Cvroqsafl rro-
npH olleHreeecefi clrcreMbIBoAocria6xeHllq.
Aaqa soAosa6opoB coc'raBJrflJra paHee 170 rbrc. lr,3/cyr BoAbr
npr{ Bo3Mo)KHoctnx215 ruc. u3/cyr. MarcrEuantsuri qacoeofi
xoeQQHrIHeHrHepaBHoMepHocrHuorpe6,neHnfino A. A. JIy- 4. HAAEXHOCTb CiI{CTBM HBTI.B
6 s H c x u xB p a c c M a r p u B a e M o M
r o p o A e c o c r a B J r s nl , l - 1 , 5 u u u -
HHMaJrbHufi 0,5-0,8. PeryJrupyroulafleMKocrbBcex peoepBya-
n^- K, t -^
\.r.or/La,
OA QK
/rwr.)U
^t t^
rDrL.
*r3 /-;^ *.'^.. a^ I(areropur.I HaAe)KHocrHnoAarrn BoAbI B cncreMy BoAo-
ytJf,, Ivl UJrlJAygl ICrn,/l\E .El rlUYll\J(;

BpeMfl AaBJreHHe
J.rtrUIDr.tr\.r
c H a 6 > x e H n qn p H B e A e H bBI r a 6 n . 2 . I 4 s r a 6 n u q u B H A H o ,q r o
r{a HeKoropbrxyqacrKax BoAorrposoAHoftcerr{
ropoAoB noBbuua/rocbAo I Mna rrpu rpe6yenrou0,75MfIa, npu 6ontruascrBo cLIcreMBoAocHa6xennnnpn qHcJIe>KHTenefi6o-
groM B HorrHbreqacbr qucJro anapufrtHa Hapyxsofi ceru'cocraB- Jrec 50 ruc. A9JI>KHO oTHOcHTbcs1ro ]IaAe)I{HOCTH I( I xarerO-
pvH, flo Koropofi 4onycKaercr cHHX(eHHe noAarIHH9 6onee qevt
70oloo6lrtero HX rlucra.
Jrfl,IIo
CyT, I I pH I I HCJI e>KHTeJ- I eH
^A ^t I a.! ^ -^-o- -^ En -- -^
30% B TeqeHI , I ei- J AO DU TbiC. - AO
B cBflsH c srHM no reopun cnyuafiHux SyuxrlHr?c o6pa-
3070 B TerIeHHe MecflI\a Hilvr nepepblB [OAariH BoAbI B TerIeHHe
6orxofi Ha SUBM <<Mnscx-32>> 6snpr ilpoa3BeAeHbrpacqerhr
paIIHoHaJrbHoroHcnoJrbgoBanLrfl. 3-5 q ( lI xar er opua) . t lacr or a yr asaHllor o cHLI x( eHHf lnoAa-
noAarrH soAosa6opoB Lr eM- r{H BoAbr He perJlaMeHTnpyercfl. flp" raKux rpe6onaHuflx AJIfl
Kocrn peryJrupyroulux pe3epByapoB 6ntnu yBeJrnqeHbrHa
4^ -. 7 ? rL ' s. rl vo. rr Y, rr 3 He rrqnnnHLyv ,Vnr sr ra^ +r rr rrrTr l rl r q y I^ I^ n nrr.r.Al\r a ..torrqrrnrrrr rTrr
[OBepxHocrHble no4osa6oprt KaK
I xareropuu HaAe>I{HocTH
rv /L rlvAyvrrrs tVIslrvslrsrll

liacocbi c peryJ[ipYroqunn npHBoAoM Anfr r{sMeiieHr{fiqacTorbr or 0,5 Ao 50 rlrc. )KHTe-

BpauleHus B 3aBucr{Mocrnor AaBneHHffB AuKTyroqefi ToqKe,
xoAy H r,iln II rareropun (uaceneune
- 900/0.Cneayer HMerb B nHAY,tlro rpn I'IBflB BoAo-
pacxoAbl- aBapr{fiulre yrerr-
ycrpaHHJIr4HerrpoH3BoAI{TeJrbHbIe "rrefi)
U OC u uf i TO pH3O HTBO M HO THX clyqaf lX r t paKTHr I eCKH HM eeT
ru. BoAosa6op craJr pa6orarb paBHoMepHo. Bcs cucreMa 6trna
C STLII,I MOX(eT 3IIaqHTeJIbHOnO'
pe3epBr{yro eMKocTb H B CBtl3}I
o6opya,oBaHaaBroMarnqecrofi 6ecnpoeonoquoficBfl3bro,nos- r I pH HaAJI e) KaI I I HxpacqeTHO '
B brcHTbnpoqeHT o6ecneqeHHocTu
pery"lHpoBarbAaBJIeHHeB cerH, HanorIHeH?Ie pe3ep-
::nottefi 43
 gKcnJryaTauHoHHbrx noKa3areJrqxsoAoea60poB.Ho eue 60nee
Bax{Hao6ecneqeHHocrb HaAex(Horoxaqecrsa soAbrnpu I4BIIB HbIMreo'JrorHrrec'KnM
y[paBJreHHeM,
" MunucrepcrBoMreoJIorHH
no..cpaBHeFrHro c HcnoJrb3oBaHlreM noBepxHocrHbrxBoA c rroJr-
cccP, a TaKlr(e iauHrepecoBaHHbrMnopraHr{sarl}rffMr{
qro oco6euuo Bax{Ho npu sannoBbrx '(*pa"xo-1
HOfi O'rHCrX.Ofi, no er(cnJryararrnr,eJreKTpocua6xenuro
H Ap. flpu orIeHKe
npevrenuux) sarpflsHeHHflX '" gKc[JryarauHoHHbrx Sana,coBno'ASeMHbrx
BoA c HcKyccTBeH-
rroBepxHoc"uuxBoA. Aeno
tlro BOAOSa6Oprr "o*,,
or nnswrbrpauHoHHbrxcoopyxreunfi pacno.rla-i HbIM BoenoJrHeHHeM Mo)KHo pyKoBoAcrBoBarbcff pa6orofi
raror o6uquo Ha paccroflutisx b0-100 m,^pe4xo iueurrue, a, H. A. flnoruvKoBa H K. 14. Cuqesa t20] n uncriyrqnefi
'"ui4"nutp"t1"o""ofi fK3 tl2l.Kponae roro, no orAerrbHbrM
HHorAa H 6o,rllue, a cKopocru ABHX(eHHfl paspa6o-
BeAoMcrBaM
noBepxHocrHoli BoAlr B BOAOHOCHOM - TaHbrper(oMeHAaIrHH nO pacqeraM, npoeKTHpoBaHHro, 3KCIIJrya-
rOpH3OHTe npr{HHMarorcf,
oKoJrol-2 ttlcyr. Bpeua ilocry_rueHHfl,BoAbrK BoAosa6opan,t' Taur.u.rlr Ha6.urcAeHHflM
sa pex(HMoM ar(cnJryararlnu I4B[B
cocraB/rqer oburrHo oKono 25-100 cyr. flpu oroM oKoJroBo. -2el
127
AOSa6opoe cHHx(arorcfl KoHqeHTpauHH 3afpfl3HeHr.rfl B gOAO-r
HOCHOM ropHs_o_Hrg^xoropufi HaMHOTO flOBbrrrraer HaAe>K-
HOCTbCHCTCMI4BNB; BbIIIOJIHfl,fl,,sAIIIHTHYrc
6APICPHYIO POJIb.
c"[eAosareJrbHo,
no KaqecrBy'noAaBaerrrorl
roaoi rr"pacxoAy. F I a n a V. yJlyrl III EH H E KAq ECIBA BOAbI
cucreMa p'IBnB flBJrflercflsHatureJrbHoHaAexHeesoaosa6o. B C H C T E M A XH B N B
poB no,BepxHocrHbrx
BoA c nonHoli Hx oqHcrxofi. HaAexsocrn ,
HCrOIIHHKOB BOAOCUa6XeHr4fl,, K. COX(aJIeHHIO, B 9KOHOMHqeCKHX
f l o K a 3 a r e J r f lnxo K a H e ' p a 3 p a 6 o r a H a .
I. OCIHOBbIYJIYTIUIEHHfl

5. TEXHHqEC'I(HE pl4KoBoAcTBA
H,OpMATHrBbt,
, H COIUIT.ACOBAHI4fl B KaqeclBe ucxoAsoft,BoAbr Ailfl,HBIIB, KaK npaBuJro,
{eperca roBepxHocrHaffBoAa H3 p€K, osep, BoAoxpa*"nrrrt.
JTy BoAy HeJIbStIHe[oJIbgoBaTbAJrfl xo3sficrseHHo-nurueBoDo
Cnequa.rlbHble o6ggareJlbHble HoDMaTprBhr n.fist Trnner{Trrn^- +
I puipuOffiil::"}fib BO.A,OCHa6Xeiiar,TaK',KaK rro pflAy rroKasare.nefi (uyrHocru,
BaHHncucreMI4B[B B CCCP ' caHHTapHbrM 63r41epnar4bHbrM
raKHe HopMarr'Bbr "u( lgTq- rcF m.). B na-r, noKasarenru) orrr 5rruq.er
ony6nHro,BaHbr rpe6onaHr{flMroCT 2BT4-T\. roeroMy ee seo6xoAz"ro
"u
crosqeft pa6qry_!HH yr{HrbrBarorcs.OaHai<b pfln o6ulux,', ynyn-
IIIATb. B OTNH'IHC OT O6NrqHOfi OqHCTKH BOAbI
HopMarHBoBCCCP Ann ' npoeKrapoBaHnflcucienn I4B[Bi AJIfl XOSfiI?CTSCH-
r{o-nHTbeBofo BoAOCHa6Xeuus yJryqrrTeHHeKaqecrBa BoAbr
Mo)KHo Hc'no/Ib3oBarb. llpeNae Bcero flBJIffrorcn o6neaTeJrbrrbr,i I.ilfr,I rnna e'ereM HBIIB o_c_yurecrBJrf,ror**$*n#puu"o"-
Hbrx 6accefiHax,_ a AJrfl III rnna- npu " nonepxHocruoli
uH0nnlrparrun. 3areu qacrr.rsHoeyfiyqueHue KaqecrBa BoAbr
AJIfl Bcex rano; HBHB flpoHCXoAHrB BoAoHocHoM ropnsoHTe.
Taxoli cnoco6 yJryqrrTeHurrKarrecrBa noBepxnocrHbrx BoA
^Hrlne'rcfl ocooeHHocrbio vitJilij
dh EdAF^a ^^^A TtT'l ftfr
npH cpaB,HeHH.Hc o6HqHofi
Barbcfi |OCT 2874-73. llpu nn6ope rroBepxHocrFroro
'roCT ncro.r-, orlucrKofi rns. xogqficrBeHHo-nnTbeBoro BoAocHa6xesus. B p;:
HLrKaHBIB
HHKa peKoMeHAyercfl
rLtJLL}J peKoMeHAyercfl nonrsosarbcfl.
noJrb3oBarbcn I-OCT 17.1.3.03_,.
17. .3.08-il AC CTYqACB B CHCTCMAXI'IBNB I TI{NA H TIABHbIM O6PASOU
77, cHull II-31-l!,_l raKxe yKaBaHHgMH MnHncrepcrnai AJIr II THNA NPI,IMEH'IOTAONOJIHHTCJIbHO OqilCTHbIE CO,OPY)KC.
sApaBooxpaueufnCCCP o [pe4enrno AonycrnMbrxKoHrIeHT.i HHfl npeABapr{TeJrbHopi
soAonoAroToBr{HnepeA [ocrynJreHueM
n2TTtTtI)r RntrnTrT-rrr L ElprrTAn,nrt
svu{vvru rr
rr
nn Elr.rKnn
.pDL\J\rv
r'^r^,rny',
Av. rlul,tJ.1.clrI

14 yElacroK AJrfi Hero AoJix(HbI 6iriffi cor.RacoBaHbl c coorBer-, cKBax(HHbI'a raKx(e npH yflyqueHl'lH KaqecrBa BoAbI noeJle
CTBYIOIIIHMHOPf AHAMH-_ HCTIOJIKOM OM MCCTHOTOCONCrA AC[Y- soAoga6opoBnoAseMHbrxBoA AJrr Bcex rHroB cHCrennHBnB.
raro-B JpyAfl_ultrxcfl.,
focyaapcrseuHo_ficauHrapnoft r{Hc[eK-: !'ns Herorophrx raKnx coopyxeuufi orcrofiHu*n v.-rp""rulo,
uHerl, EaccefiHoeoftnucnerqneft 14 I,IHcnexrlHefino oxpaHe', orKpbITbIMH,qacTo B BHAe KoTJroBaHoB B rpyHTe u 6eg nepe_
pu6Hux 3anacoB (a.rrs noBepxHocrHbrxgoa), TeppnTopuaJrb- ropoAor(.
44
46
 B HacroflrqeeBpelrfi AocraroqHo pagpa6oraHbi reoperu'-ie-
cKHeocHoBbrMeToAHKH otflHqanT'cfi oT npoqeccoB, npoHcxoAfflqHx B oqHctHbrx
VflyqUeHHf KaqecrBa BoAbrH HMeercf
3Haql,rreltHufi npaKTuqecxvtft onblT Bo,Ao'noAforoBKI4ilpu
HcKyccrBeHHoM _- Bocno;rHeHur.r.OAHaro ora sa1aqa eue
He BcerAa Mox(er 6urr pelleHa oAHo3HarrHo,tITo 3aBI{cHT
KaK or KaqecrBaHcxoAHofinogrr, THna HBHB, TaK H or HeAo-
craroqHo rrerKHXTeoperuqecKnxpaspa6oroK.
v"rryuureHr4e
Kar{ecTBaBoAbrcBfigaHo co cJreAyrorrIHMH roprr3oHTaJrbHbre_ cKopocrr{ ABH)r(eHUflBOAbr B UHsr{ntrpa-
npo-
IIeCCaMH: rIHOHHbrx6accefiHax cnoco6crByroT ocax,4eHHn BSBerUeHHbIx
rI4;cTHI{,Koropble IIOA BnI{flHr4eMpagrHrlHblx
SusuuecKzM vr, B qacrHocrl,t, MexaHHrIecKHM ocax(AeHueM npoqeccoB Koary-
B3BerrreHHbrx qacrHrl H opraHr.r3MoB B BOAeH 3aAepX(HBaHHeM /rHpyrorcs, yBJreKaflB ocaAoK 6arrepuz n BHpycbr. Mexauu-
Ilx B pelrrerKax,cerKax, [JreHKeH B pbrxJrbrxrpyHTax. 3$Qexr qecKoe 3aAepxHBaHHeB3BerrreHHbrX qacrurr IIpoHcxoAHTnpII
MexaHHrrecKofo AeficrsHfl Mo)Ker yfiyquarbcrr fiyreM AonoJrHH- noBepxHocruofi uHQranmparl:kr\, a npH HaJr?lq^?rfi[JreHKr.I
rennuofi o6pa6orKn BoAbr (nue4euueu KoaryJrflHToBu $noxy- H Me,/TKHxocaAKoB npaKTL{qecKHgaAep)I(HBaIoTcg Bce BgBe-
nnHroe); '
xHMHqecKHM 14 SusHxo-xHMHqecKHM;
6Ho.nornqecKHM.
Kponre Toro, Susuuecxue, xHMHqecKHeH Qnsnro-xuMu-
qecr{rTenDoueccbrconpoBox{Aanrca snsu.lecxorl H xnMr.rqecxofi
cop6qnefi, aAresueli, HoHHbrM o6ueHovr, KoaryJrsrluefiv Qno- B BoAe 6accefiuos u npyAoB (a,o uuQunrrpaqu') pa3BH-
xy.uaquefi. BAETCflNJIAHKTOHH, B qACTHOCTH,CHHC-SCJICHbIC, AI,IATOMOBbIE
Bce grr rrpoqeccbr rracro B3anMoAeficrnyrcr H 3aBHcffT H ApyrHe BoAopocJIH' KoTopble B ecTecTBeHHbIxyCJIOBHffXcnO-
or SnsuuecKnx, xLIMHrIecKHx, Sueuxo-xuMuqe,cKuxn 6nono- co6crnyrct oquu{eHr.rrc
BoAbr.3a noc/reAHzelS-20 Jrer npo-
rHqecKnx yc,rlonuft (reunep arypa, cBer, pH, HacbrrrleHHocrb BOAH/rHCbHCCJIeAOBaHHg BJrrtF,.Hl1,fl.
KaMbrIIIa-KyrH,poro,3a IuH-
KHc/IopoAo,M, HaJrlirlueIIAB, Ha"rIurIHeoAHoKJIeroqHbIx H MHo- poKoJrHcrHofo H _ApyfHx BoAHbrx pacreuuli Ha yryqureHue
TOKJICTOqHbIX HHSIIIHX 14 BbJCIIIHX OPTAHI43NAON).TAX, NPH PH KAIICCTBA gOAbI. TAXUC IIOIJIOUAIOT
PACTCHI]ff DflN RDEIIHF,IX
uenuue 5 H 6o.urrue 8 6axrepuoJrofurlecKaflaKTI{BHocrbcHH- BerqecrB (Qenon n Ap.). PacrnopeHHHfie u.ia. dcGfi;
x(aeTcff. KHCJIOPOA OKHCJIRCT OPIAHHqCCKOC BCII{CCTBO H CNOCO6CTBYET
Ha npouecc yryrrureHurr KaqecrBa BoAbr BJrr,rsrorpagflr,rrr- pa3Br.rTr4ro
pacrr.rreJrbHocrr{.Ha coJrHeqHoMCBery noru6aror
Hbre xI4MHqecK[e coeAHHeHLTfl,,a TaKX(e HX I(OHIIeHTpaI{I{fl MHofHe6axrepHra,n oco6eHHocrunaroreHHbre.
B BO,[e.
'Fl
r r (, rr -rnrr ryr rna t rr v , v y , h
p aa 3o M HOX
rrYYn
(eHHe
1rt6rr
OaKTepHH MO>KeT IIpOHCXO-
Ar4rb cHarraJra6es Harrtrqvrfl,
SocSopa B BoAe, Ho AJrfl 6naro-
npnrrrHoro AannHerlilrero ux pa3BHrHfl rpe6yercn QocQop,
xorq H B He3HaqnTeJrbHbrx KoHIreHTpauHffx.Eng xopouero
pa3BHTHfleoAopocrefi ueo,6xoAnMa,r(oHueHrpaqr.rfl SocQopa npH orcraHB aHHH H QU.nmpoBaHH]1^,B O,CO6esuocrHc Koary-
nopfiAKa 0,1-1 nnr/n. JIHPOBAHHCM,VI NPH CHH}KCHHH. MYTHOCTHBOAbI AO 0,5 NO'/N,
Ens pagBr4Trrfl,B BoAe pacruTeJrbHbrxopraHH3MoB,ycBan- BI{pycbI yAaJrr,rorcff Ao 97-98 olo, a 6axr.epun- Lo 2-10 x.rle-
BauIIHx yrJrer{ncJrory,ueo6xoAI,rMcBer rox/l, r n ( uo cauur apHoM y aHannsy) .
Hau6onee rroJrHoH3yqeHbITeopnfl H MeroAHKayJryr{ueHnrr .Teo,pun
H rtpaKTnrrecKr.renoJro]KeHut orIHcrKH BoAbr npn
T{2qecTR2,ROnT-T R n,qtTeTHTaIx nnn'n\rX{trHI,I9IY 'I-ITq ltnllnn,Trz6Xtowuq I a- H
- dH
f
- - .- n
- - -rI '- l- n
--2
- - -,-f l v l 4 xorno,TTlo ncRtrrrTcr{Lr ,, ?ra6n-o-
fi KAHAJIHSaUHH, eHHO B OTCTOHHfiKaX H CKOpbrX (pHJrbTpaX. Hbrx (4. + lvIHHrI,U. A. IUV_O_epL
B. A. KnRqxo, B. n. Kpnur-
'O.
OAsaxo B crrcreMe r{cKyccrBeHHoroBocrroJrHeHngfipoqeccbl, ryJr, .A._M. flep.uuua, B. M.- Eep,4auon,VI. AnenruuH
nponcxoAflrllHe B orAenrnfix ero gJreMeHTSx- rrpu noBepx- H Ap.) . B soHe aeparr4'r B BoAoHocHoMropH3'Hre yfiyq*;;;;
uicrHorl uusunmparrur{r e 6acceriHaxH npyAax, soHe a'eparlur{ KAqCCTBA BOAb] MO)KCT NPOHCXOAIITb B
PC3Y/IbTATC IIPHJII{NA.
fOpH3OHTe nO CBOr.rMyCJTOBHflM3HaqHTeJrbHO
H BOAOHOCHOM HHfl, (a4resun) uacruu H MnKpoopraHnsMosK sepianr uo-
rracTHrlaM.
poAbrH r{ paHee npHJrHnIuHM
46
 -
i ? , r
rIe BxoAf B AeTaJrHaHaJIHSaflporlecca npr.IJIH[aHHfl,, HBMI
1
-lfo AaH-rrbrM
H. E. Opa4oncxofin E. Li. i/ronoxaBofiii7j,
npeAcraBJrflrorcff6o,nee npaBnJrbHbrMr{ BgrurffAbrfl,. H. MuHqa,. B necKaxrI paKyruerrHr.rKax
B BoAeBbrxHBaeMocTb caHr{TapHo-
C. A. IIIy6epr a, B. fI. Kpururyrra, A. M. flepnuHolt u Apyrux,j noKa3areJrbHbrx gHTepoKoKKa,
6axrepNfi (xurueuHanlraJrorrKa,
KOTOpbIe paccMaTpr{BarcTnpoqeccbrsaAepx(r.rBaHHf, paSilrrrrHbl ciropouue Qopun 6ar<repufi),naroreHHbrxeHrepo6arrepufi
qacrnri npH o6reMHoM cKopoM KaK cyMMapHoe (noe6yanreJrH6prouuoro rHQa, napatuQa, AHseHrepr{H),
QunlrpoBarur 'Qara
flB/reHr{e HaKonJreHufl ocaA}(a n efo qacTHrlHoe paSpyuelrHer KHIIIeqHoltna.uoqKHLr Brrpyca floJrHoMHeJrHTa r.{3MeHtercfl
TeopernqecKu BoAoHocHuri ropH3oHT 14 soHa aepaqur{ pa6o- or 50 Ao 400 cyr B BaBHcHMocrH or BHAa uurpo6a, TeMne-
TaroT no TaKoMy >Ke npHr{rlHrry yflyrlrueHHfl KaqecTBa BoAbI. parypbr (or 4 Ao 20"C) , urorHocrr{ 3apax(eHnfl ( tO'-
ftp" groM qeM Me.[bqe 3epHa rpyHTa, TeM 6onrrue Hx yAeJrb- 108 rr,r. r/n * ) , 4 TaKxe cocraBa BoAbr. Haw6onblrrafl Bbrx(H-
Hafr,'[JroxlaAb noBepxHocrl{ H, cJreAoBaTeJrbHo, TeM 6o.nilue BaeMocrb orMeqeHa y caJrbMoHeJrJr naparuQa B - 400 cyr
BaAep)KuBaJorqafl cnoco6socrb. B ro >r(e BpeMff orJruqrre fipo- npu nJrorHocru gapaxeHnfl 104 u;r/n, Bbrx(r,rBaeMocrb gTlrx
ueocoB 3aAep)KHBaHHflrracTHrl B . BoAoHocHoM ropHSoHTe caJrbMoHeJrJr B n3BecrHrKax rrpu nJrorHocrn Bapax(eHnfi 102
ilo cpaBHeHHroco cKopbrMr.rSnntrpauu 3aKJrroqaercrB ToM, u 10a rvr.r/a 6una Bcero 40-85cyr. Surepo6axrepnn B rrecKax
rITo BoAa nocrynaer B no4ouocuurl ropH3oHT nocJle uuQu.nr-" c eoAofi coxpaHffror 66nnuryro x(HsHecfloco6uocm,qeM Hetro-
TpaIIHoHHbIx 6accerlHos co cKopocrbro ABHIr(eHr-rflAo l-. cpeAclseHHoB BoAe. 3ro o6crosreJrbcrBo,T. e. 6onee 6naro-
3 tr,t/cyr,T. e. MHoro MeAJreHHee, qeM B cKopbrx $unrtpax, npurrrHble ycJroBHff BbrxprBaeMocrueHrepo6axrepufi Ha no-
v npu groM HtrrH6es Myrll, Hrrkrc Hnqrox(HblM KoJrHrIecrBoM; BepxHocru TBepAbrxreJr, onucaHo B pflAe pa6or yI, B qacr- .
MyrH (He 6o,nee1-3 nrr/n). Kporrae ropu-
roro, BoAoHocHufi Hocrlr, y A. f . 3eflrnuqesa (n 1973 r.). IIpu HarHqHu
gHaqr{TeJrbuo
3oHTrro BMecruMocrlr 6o.unurecKopbrxQunrrpon. AerepreFrroB,$euonon, He$renpoAyKroB H QocQopopraHr.rqe- . {
Cne4yer 3aMerHTb, rrro fiorJror{aouan BMecrnMocrb no4o-,: cKHX BeilIecrB Ha' yponue nAK Bbr)KuBaeMocrb6arrepnft
HocHbIxropnsoHToBue 6ecroHeqHa,[ogToMy Heo6xoAHMopa-';: He r{sMeHffJracb, a npu noBbrruenHbrxKoHqeHTpaur{rxcynnQa-
rIHoHaJrbHo Hcrroab3oBarbBogMo)Kuocrbr{x oquuatouefi cno- HoJraHn- l (5 nrr/"rr)ya;ruruJracb. BnpynenrHocrb y canbMo-
co6uocru. OAnuM H3 BalKHbrxQarropoB yflyqureHnfi Kaqecrtsa HeJrJr6prourHoro runa H naparupa B coxpaHsJracbB TeqeHHe
BoAbr ilpH rrauxpo6Hovr(u nupycHorr,r)sarpflsHeHHr{qsrsercffl Bcero nepuoAa BbIx{HBaHHfl., a y nos6y4ureJrfl AHseHTepHH_,
npoAoJr)KHreJrbHocTbBpeMeHH Bbr)KHRaeMocTH, AaJrbHocTbpac- 2 rr,recc MoMeHTanona AaHHfl,B Bo[oHocHbrenopoAbl.
TTI
npocrpaiieiiiir 6aicrepafi fi r\pyrnx opraiirisr,ioB B 3oiie aspa- r ru Apyr r.r.M AaflflbrM u'r'Ivlelrae'r'ux IJbt2KnrjaeMUc'l'b oaKTepH}I
IjHH H B BOAOHO'CHOM rOpUSOUte, A TaKN(e COXpaHeHHeBHpy- 6onee roAa, qro, BHAHMo,onpeAearercfl ApyrHMH ycJIoBLIfMH.
JTeHTHOCTH IraTOfeHHbIX MlrKpOOpfaHHSMOB. flo AanHbrM IO. f. Tanaeeofi H f. A. Ear4acapffHa, B BoAe
B noc.neAHue roAbl TeoperHqecKHMH p,a6otanalr
orerlecrB€H.- (6es nopo4n) Bbrxr{BaeMocrb 6axrepuit cocraBJrrer: nos6y-
Hbrx (,4. f. 3enruuqen, 1973,r.rAp.) 14sapy6exHbrxyqeHbrx AHTeJTHAr.rsenTepukr- l-2 He,qeJrH,
caJrbMoHeJrJrbr
Ao l-2 rtaeC,
BbrfiBJreHbroqeHb Bax(Hble gaKoHor\{epnocrrdBBauMoAefictgug BHDVC6I-
- - - f
J
- - - 71O 4--a MeC
- ' ' - - ,
qTO TaK>Ktr gaBI,rorTT RunrTMo nT. nnp-
v a v f ' v

MelKAy MHKpOOpTaHH3MaMH 14 IOB_e_pXHO'CTflMH TBepAbrXTeJr,
HaxoAflrr{Hxcfl,B soAHofr cpeAe. Ha rroBepxHocrr{ TBepAbrx'
TeJr B soArrofi cpeAe SHsHuecxue Lr xnMuqecKr,re ycJroBnfl
orJruqarorcfl or ycnonufi cauofi cpeAbr, HanpnMep rro' KoH-
rIeHTparIHHpacrBoperrFrblxBeulecrB,pH (tvroxer Surn pasHn-
qa Ha 0,5-2 e4uunqu), aKrHBHocrHr{oHoB BoAopoAa u Ap,
Ha nonepxHocTrxB BoAoHocHbIxnecKax uurpo6n Moryr oKa-
3arbcr B 6onee 6.iraronpr.IflTublx ycJIoBLIflx AJtfl pagBr{Tr.rt,,,
rreM HerrocpeAcrs€HHo B uoAsel\,InofiBoAe. floetouy Suonoru-:
Abr, n' r<oropofi HaxoAflrc-fl MuKpoopfaHusMbr.IIo AaHsirrrr
E. I4. Mo.rroxasori, B JrerHufi nepr.roArrpu reMrreparype BoAbr
24-25"C B 3oHe aepa:qlr^H na r.rry6uHe50-100 ina uoA nneH-,'
xofi r.lnSr.rJrbrparruoHHoro
6accefiua vroryr cosAaBarbcfl 6naro-
rrpuflrHbre,yeJToBHfi\nfl pasMHox(eHuflcaupoSraron n 6axre-
ptfrr fpynnbr xnure.rHofi naJrolrKu B pesyJrbrare yBeruqenng
KoHrleHrpar\Hr4'opraHHKH. Ho B AaJrbHefiluena npu Sr.rnbrpaqun
B BoAoHocHbrxpbrxJrbrxnopoAax, H B oco6esuocTu c MenKo-
3epHucrbrMu[ecKaMH, npoucxoAHTnoJrHafloqHcrra or 6axte-

BOAOHOCFIbTX neCKOB Moryr AaTb HenpaBI{JIbHOe npeACTaBJreHHe. B SOHeasparllrH pasBI{THepaSJr}rrrHbrx

Mr{KpoopraHr.r3MoB
UAet
Cne4yer yqecrb, rrro HeopraHnqecKueH opraHuqecKr{eqacru-, o6rtqHo He3HaqHTeJrbHo B 3aBHcHMocrHor- nuTareJrbHblxBe-
ubl MeHbilre KJrerKH, 1nusxue no pagMepaM KoJrJroHAHbrM
rlacrr{uaM, rrpl{JrHrralor K KJIerKe. 3to cyulecrBeIIHo BJrLIfler
H a )Iil{3HeAefreJlbHo,cTb,KJIeTKH. * Mnrpo6HbrxreJr'Ha I n.

48 49
 2. CXEMbI YJIYTIIilEHHfl
uecfB, teMneparypbr, coAep)r(autalit<ttcfio,poA0t4 Apyrux
ycnonufi,Ho HepeAKo
AalKeH noAaB/rrrercfl.
B KarrecrBe ucxoAuofi BoAbI ArIf I4BIIB 6epercr norlrn
rnn nporHo3oBnpoHLrKaHHfl, naHxpoopraH'sMoB B rroA-
seMHbreBoAbrA. E. Opa40ncKafr.u E. u. Monoxasas nOBepXHOCTIIafl BOAa, KOTOpafl
HCKJTTOqHTeJTbHO nO KarIecTBy
tllt o6rrquo He yAoBJlerBo,prerrpe6oBaHHflMxogsftcrBeHuo-nnThe-
PEKOMCHAYIoT NPI{HHMATb LIX BbIXIIBACMOCTb IIPH I{CXOAHbIX
MAJIO3ATPflSHCHHbIX TIOB^C-PXHOCTHbIXBOAAX 2OO CYT Boro BoAocHa6xeuHs.B cessg c oruM HcxoAltan Bor,a I4BnB
H ilPH
cHJrbHo3arpfl3HeHHbrx
400 cyr. Hyx(AaeTcflB yJIyq[IeHHI4,cnoco6u l(oroporo B saBHcHMocrH
or Kar{ecrBaHcxoAHofino4u, fl TzIt)Keycnonnit pa6oru rr rLr-
. flo AaHHbrMpa6omr .<icHoebrcauurapuolt BnpycoJrornkr>> n o B c n c r e u k I B f I B 6 H s a l o r B e c b M ap a s u o o 6 p a s H b l .
(1977) Bbrx{HBaeMocrbB uoAseraHorinpecHofi Br{pyca
",ii" Paccuorpuu cHaqaJla I orupnrltr? rHtI I4B[B, rAe no-
eparype 4-B'C cocraBrrfler 84: BepxHocrHafiBoAa SunnrpyeTcfl B BoAoHocuultropusoHr rlepe3
npv reMneparype4-20"C -
HnSulnrpaquoHHble 6accelluu H KaHaJIbI.B raKl{x un$n.rrt-
saHHofi BoAonpono4uoliBoAe Mox(eT 3HaqI{TeJIb-
TparlHoHHbrxcoopylKeHvfx HcxoAHafl.'Bo'La
Ho' yflyqurarbcr B pt{Ae cflyrlaeB Aa)Ke 6es ilpeABapnre.nrHoti
OTIHCTKH, HMCCTCffB gHAY 14 AOIOJIHI.ITCJIbHOC YJI}ryIUCHI{E
vr B cMecrrc y6urulnu 6axrep. Kar{ecrBa BoAbr B BoAoHocHoMropn3olrre. flp" yBeJIuqeHI{H
'H npH HaJIvq.vH
noATBepx{AaeT Harrre 3aMeTIar MyrHocrr:rBoAbI,o6uquc 6o.nee 10-20 ur/n,
B3aHMOCBfl3H OpfaHH3MOB C OK BpeAHbrxBeIrIecTB,KoTopbleHe MofyT 3aAepx(HBaTbcfnpl{ HH-
Ml4KpoopfaHr{sMoBB [oA3eMHbrx BoAax paccrrurbrBaercfl Su.rrtrpaq,anB BoAoHocHoMropusoHre, rpe6yercn ilpeABapu-
tg] TeJIbHaflBOAOTTOATOTOBKa, r{au{eBCerOyMeHbrXeHHe MyTHOCTHB
Ha ocHoBeypaBHeHHffKHHeTHKH aAre3HH(cop6urEu)*
orcroftHr4rax, B cKopblx H cBepxcKopblxSu.nrrpax, a raK/he
npeABapHreJrbHoe xJIopHpoBaHHe w pe)Ke ApyrHe BHAbrBoAo-
dNl0t:q, (ff0- N)C, (l) noAroroBKnB gaBHcnMocruoT rr{aqecrBa HcxoAuofiBoAbI.
nne /v - Kofifiqecnno,cop6rr.rpoBauubrx B Her(oro,pblxcflyqarx, KofAa BoAa, floJrpaeMag BoAo-
Mnxp.oopraHusMorB ; t - apeMr; o -
uarpaMeTptH,IreTI-rKHaAre3,Hr{(cop6qHr.r); //o -_ noJrHaff sa6opauu B cucreMe HcKy,ccrtseHHoro Bocno'JrHeHHg noAgeMnblx
eMKoc.TbB_firQ3Vl
fiopqAbr; C - KoHqeHrpa,quar\inxpoopraHr.r3MoB B BoAe. BoA, He orBeqaer KoHAHrrHoHubrM rpe6on aHVfl,Mnurtegoli Bo-
EbI, noAKJIIOqaIOT nOCJIeAyIOilIee yIyrIIUeHHe KaqeCTBa BOAbI,
klcnonrsyfl ypaB.HeHHe
( 1) , Mo)(Ho npu6nuxeHHo npaKrH- Hanpr.rMep,o6eseapaN(HBaHHeM, ttpeHMyrllecrBeHHo
qecKH peruarb no,npocn rvrzxpo-6uoJrofuqecKoro xJropHpo-
caMooqnule_ BaHHeM.Taxuna o6pasonr, AItfl I rana I4B[B Moryr 6urr
HIIff NOASCMI]bIX BOA B CAMbIX NPOCTbIX CIJI}ItaflX. rIAPAUCTP g
npHMeHeHbIcJreAylorqHecxeMbr yryqureHHfl KarrecTtsaBoAbr:
B YPABHCHHH (1) UEO6TOAHMO ONPCACJIflTb
Ar,fl COBCDTIICHHO ttttrlrttry
rlnq/vrr,rD
ninrrytn??ytrrn
r P4r{rI\Jfin.DlE
nnrrnrrmrrn
U l AIJDI r.DrE
nnnnryayrn
L\JUIJJ,lx\Erlrr}l n
6AFAyrnhtt..,it
SuAUn\JUnDlyl
KoHKpeTHbIx
ycnonurl. C,rre4yerHMerb B BHAy, rITo no nocJreA-, ropr{3orrr (6es npeABapure/rbHoroH nocJreAyrouero yflyrrue-
BO MI{OrHX .TIHCTbIX (NO 6AXTCPAOJIOIil.
HHM HCCJICAOBAHHflM nHfl KaqecrBano4rr) ;
qecKHM CaHHTapHbrMnoKa3arenrna)
rloA3eMHbrx BoAax, nxlrc_ npeABapr.rTeJrbHafiBoAorroAfoToBKa, uHsn.ntrpaIIr{oHHbIe
qafl. H apresraHgr:T*,
ts Kori{qecrBe .g9nrp.p*eHbrHerarofeHHbre6ar<repuu orKpbrrbre coopyx(eHufl H eoAoHocHHr? fopH3oHT (6es nocJre-
Ao 103-l}a xnlw.nu 6onee. Ayrouero yflyqrueHprfl
Kar{ecrBano4u) ;
3a4epx'Barb pa3rurrHbreBpeAHbIeBexrecrBaB BoAo,Hoc- npeABapI{TeJrbHar BoAonoAroroBKa, HuSuJrbrpauHoHHbre
HOM rOpH3OHTe,-HCnOJrbSyffel.o cop6quoHHyro BoSMo)KHOCTb, coopyx(eHHfl,,soAoHocunfi ropu3oHr r.rilocJreAyroueeyryque-
MO)KHO NPH UC6ONIUTUXKOH4CHTPAIIIIflXHCKOTOPbIXH3 3THX HHe KaqecTtsaBoAbI;
Be x re c rB H n p H K p a rKo B p eMeH H OM3arpffS H eH H r{.3ro onpel e- nnQunmpaur{oHHbIe orKpblTbre coopv)KeHufl. Bo,[ouocuufi
TbIO
BoAoHocHorofopH3oHra.B raKtx ycJroBnrx BoAoHocnnii ropH- Bap HTeJlruotlBoAonoAroro,nxu).
3oHr Hfpaer Bax{Hyro6aprepnyrc poJrb. tlaute Bcero Bcrperlaercfl Tperbfl cxeMa c npocrofi npeA-
BapHTeJrruofi BoAonoArorosNoft B orKpbrrbrx orcrofisr4nax,
* PgA aBTopoB ynorpe6.rrrer c aspauuelt nepeA HnSn.rrrrpaIII{oHHbrMH 6accefiuav-H14no'cJre-
reprMHHcop6rlnff, Ho, crporo npyJrr.rnaHge
oplA,HH3MOBOCHOBbIBaeTCfl
Ha flBJTeHHHaAtesHU, Ayrou{HMyryqIUeHHeMKarlecrBa Bo,AbIxJropupoBaHHeM.
qn 5t
 hn" II Bar(pbrroforHna HB[B, r4e ArrflnHsurmpaqupr 3. T PEEOBAH14fl K ECTBY BOAbI
Hcno"[bgyroTcff lloruIolllarcIqHe .KAT!
cKBax(HHbI, KaK npaBHJIo,
AO/IXHA 6Urr NPCABAPHTC/IbHA'IBOAONOAIOTOBKA C AOB€AO:
X!:y 1lrre:rna
zot+-r6.
noBepxnocrHor?
tsoAbrAo rpe6onanuAIOCT
b cBfl3H C 9THM npHMeHgIOTABe CXeMbIyIyTIIIIeHLIfl
Aff* ##+3$'?
#3i#,",Tff
?1l#fi*
KagecTBa BOAbr:-[peABapHTeJrbHyro BoAOIIOA|OTOBKy,
BOAOHOC; B CCCP BoAa, noAaBaeMaflnorpe6urenro AJrffxossficrBeH-
Hrtfi ropusoHr IIt; npeieapureJrbHyro BoAonoAro"oBr{y,
'yflyqueHue BoAo-
uocHrrfi ropugoHr, nocJreAyroulee HO-nHTbeBbrxqener?, AoJrN(HaorBeqarb rpe6onaHHflM rOCT
KaqecrBa ir. 2874-73; seco,S"uroAeHaeeroro f OCTa npecJreAyercfl gaKo-
rrpeABapureJrbHaff BoAonoAroroBKaAJrfl II rnfla HBIIB
npHMeHffercff B cBfl3H c TeM, HOM. c.neAOnareJrbHo,
BoAa, [oryqaervrafl Lr3 BOAOHOCHOTO
rO-
_qTo npv MyrHocrI,I noBepxHocr- pH3OHTa
Hori soAn 6onee I-B vrrln'6ncrpo sacoparorcanuQu"rrrrpa- _ C _I { C K y C C T B e H H b T MB O C n O J T H e H H e M , , n p H H € C O O T B e T -
IIHoHHbre crBr4n fOCTy npoxoAnrb nocJreAyrouyro oqucrKy.
cKBax<HHbrn Ae6rErvr.xTrahaer.KpoMe roroi noneix-' Ao{THa
HOCTHbTeBoAbr o6uguo B yr(aga.HHorvr
f OCTe np"uo4"rc" npeAerrHbre HopMbr Ailn
3arpf3HeHbl H, B. qacrHocrr{, 6axie_ nHrbeBoli soAn: 6axrepuaJrbHbre
p H a J rb H o . noKa3are4H;o6urue susHue-
CI(HE T4 XHMHIICCKHC NOKA3ATCJIH;KOHUCHTPAIIHfiTOKCHIICCKHX
.Ans III T.Hna npocrbrx c'creM I4B[B c orxpurori BerrIecTB H o,praHoJrenTHqecKHenoKa3aTeJrrL.
Hu$unrrpaqnefi AorrxHbr 6urr 6naronpHflrHbre[pupoAHbre
ycJroBuff (Hepe4ro c ue6onrruHMHHx o6uee qucJro6axrepufi 4onxuo 6uru He 6onee100n I lr.n,
lr4yrureHr.r"*'"i' rto. a 6axrepHfi rpynnbr rnruequofi naJrorrKnnpu onpeAe.[eHublx
BCPXHOCTHbIC BOAbI A,Nfl BOCIIOJIHCHHfl OTHOCHTCJIbHO qHCTbIC,
"
He cHJrbHOMyrHbre u 6arrepr{aJrbHoHe oqeHb SarpsSHeHHbre. ycJroBHflXyCTaHaBJrHBaercfl no noKa3areJrro KoJrH-nHAer(c
floerovry ynyvrueH'eHx Kaqec,rBa
npoucxoA'r npr{ He 6o,neerpex 6axrepufi n I n soAn H no ttoKa3are.rrrc
KoJrH-
rparIHH B , rurp - He MeHee300 Mrr Ha I xurueqHlro6axrepurc. Kour,
""oii"i: ;
IrpHpoAHb_rxycJroBr.rsx vr B caMOM BOAOHOCHOM
soAb,ronyrreH rleHrparrvtrr
BpeAHbrxBeutecrBno ra6n.2 rOCT 2874-73
:?f,Tl:I.^noABepraercrr
I _{iill.firuerw Han.vts
o6n.rHo xJropgpo,BaHr.rrc "osorr6opd,
?rpex(eQvrriilnilfi;:
HOMynocJreAyroueMy yfiyqueHHro
KarrecrBasoAir.Heroropue
oTcTynJIeHI{fi' BepHee AeTaJIHgal\L4fr.cXeM yflyqtrIeHHfl KarIecTBa
BOAbI, rrv
HC rrvr\r'rr\.r-1(rlr,,
HCKJIIOqAIOTCfl. r u7r. rHC gA6IriArr.
EJICAYCTgaobIBaTb.
rE c./rtrAyg'l- qTO VJIvqIIIe_
qTO VJIVqIIIE-
HHC KAIIECTBA NOBCPXHOCTHbIX BOA B CHCTCMAX I4BNB lr _., AJrfl__!H rl KJrHMarHrrecKHxparloHoB _ I,b, AJrfl III _
UCO6- 1
xoAHMO HaqHHaTb c r{crotr]fl-vrKaBocIIoJr,HeHHn
- floBepxuocrriux l, 2, ann IV - 0,7; npupoAHoro ypaHa(U) n ypala-298- l,Ti
. nper(eJrbHbre rroKa3areJrH
BOA H, soAosa60pa H3 HHX. flpeXge Bcero Hy)KHO OxpaHnru i AJrflpaAun-226(Ra1 ?r crpoHrIHs-90
(Sr) - coorBercrBeHu o 1,2.l0:t o n 4. l0 .rbKiopn/.'r.',{orrycrn-

KoHqeurparlufl' cyxoro ocrarKaB BoAeAoJrxHa6urr ue 6o-

rI.DI I.D IIO NOCJICAOBATCJIbHOCTI4NOCryIIJIEHH' BOAbI B HI{X
Jree 1000 ur/.i1,no ilo cofJracoBaHnro
c opraHaMucaHr{Tapno.
rleJrecoo6pasuo
pacnoJrararbno ecdecrTBeHHOMy
yr(JroHyMecr- enHAeMr.roJrornrrecxori cnyx6lr AorrycKaercsAo l E00 r,ir/a,
HOCTH C V
J
t I_ e_ _i T O
_ _,_M noTenl- H 2nnnq
. ^ q ^ ^ v l / q
D
u
atrtt
grln
a o6rrrafl >KeerKoerb-Ao l0 vrr-exn/;r. A;rs noAsel,fHbrxBo
H3MepHreJrbnbrx
npu6opax, oe3 ycraHoBoK Ans oOesxeneguBaHnfiKoHUeHTparIHfi >I(eJrega
AonycKaercfl Ao I rr,tr/n.
cyrtrrrnapnarKoHIIeHTpaI{HflToKcHqHbIxBerrlecrB, a TaKx(e
cyMMapHoecoAepx(aHuecynuQaroB H xJropHAoB,ecJrufiocJreA-
HHe npuAaroTBoAenpHBKyc,He AoJrxHo 6urt 6o.neeor cyMMbI

53
 orHoIrIeHHIo
K HxnpeAenrnofi
#:ft#1ilJ"'f;;ffi"!no Aonvcr'- ey,,-rr,tfraroB
ue 6o,rree2b0 yrln, cB?rHrla 0,0S vrfn, Ho no HeKo-
C 1, e , ropbrM rroKasare/rrrM rpe60nauna ilna. HHsKHe,HanplrMep
_.__L
' -1- -
| I{I{rparoBAonycxaercs4b vrrf
ct c, (2) n, u**o*o rO-;;i;
'irii,,,. i6., yKa_
sa*Hfl. ..o ceJieHa
fAe A, er, .,., ,:-:^^o!Hapyxenn:l: . ,,,rrpupo4n),
3 10-10Krcpu/n. 0,oi-' ffi" s-226
npeAerbHbre KoHqeHrpa
tv.rvr,
urfn; Cr, Cz,,", cn-
KoHrIe{JTp atryu^
io nop*., MrlJr. <<r'Bpofleficxue
Hgp-qbrKaqecrBaBoAbrBceuzpHOri
HHsAI{HI{ TPYAA>- ( I963) opra-
noAopoAuufi ltoKasareJrb pH or crar{AapTacccp. - --o"n"o"a
TAK)KE HCCKOJIbKO OTJIH'AIOTCfl
-8.5.Cneayei. Hau60no..u oTMeqaercfl
yo""uruu"i B rpe60'eaHn'.x no , "*aar*"a;,
"u**.
t4H o AonycTr4MbrxKoHrIeHTpa- 'aAHOaKTT'BHOCTH
a raKxe no Korqgurpitruu-x'rue.r'ori r*a"..
,IIfr BOAOCMOB,YCTAHOB/ICHHbIC xue) : s 9b % np-o6 naJroqK' (60nee ,*ecr-
r B CHJrenoKaSaTeJrr{npeAeJlbHo , ob"g*";"ibb
-Hil;^;;#", ;; Ka)KAa,He
6n* xuruequofi nuooorr".
"orui Aorrx(Ho
ft BeuIecTB, He nurbeBofisoAtr oTJrr{qarcTcs aHHnK KarrecrBy
IeH H bre 28 A exa6px "ouiaar"* oT rpe6onaruuft n n Apyrnx crpa_
l gTB ;. Hax. Hanpnnaep,e. fAp norrt.""paurfl
:o AOnycTHMbre KOHrIeHrpar\HH IIpeBbIIUarb0,'_nar/.rr,MapfaHqa )r{eJre3a He Ao/r)r{Ha
ro,A oeMoB caH H Tapuo_6uroB oro 0;0t;; ln. B cBfisprc errrM
B fAP BoAa,nonyqae *d" eoAosa6opoB cucreM I4B[B,
_!:
HepeAr(onoABepraercflfloc/reAyrox{eMy
)KeHr{rKoHr{eHTpagufi yflyqrue'Hr' Anfl cHH-.
)KeJre3a H MapraHr{a.
B rpe6onaHHfr,K KaqecrBy
FIC BXOAflT NOKAsATCJII{
xosqftcrBeHHo-nr{TbeBbrx BoA
HAilUqUN B HHX BPCAHUX
H OIIACHbIX
PACTHTCJIbHbIX 14 )KHBOTHbIX OAHOK/ICTO'HbIX
Hbrx MHKpoopraHHSMoB, T4 MIIOTOK.ICTOq.
Hanpr.rMep
aue6 n.rp. Hexoropue
.y:f.T orp,rAa npocrer?ruux
)Kr{BorHbrx
X:,::J:,l^.:1.S^o,::T,
KJIacca 13
KopHeHo)KeK, MHKpocKonHqecKH tu'l'Hblx
Hocrb no crauAapruoli rrrKalre MaJrbr, npu He6,uaro_
npenpau{a}orcn
B uHcry.Se4srrrse
qHcro
T V I P U T^ n
v rr ! rt rJlrr vr fr,Jr L
r Ar J^ h
rr. Lt ^ --z
.flaHOOJIee l3::":y,I_I::ou""*
.lrvreu rrapa3HTl{pyeT y qeIoB
c,Bble KHCflOTbI, KOTOpbIe eKa 14 }Kv
cpaB- ffBJrseTca noe6yAraTeJreMogeHb
cpy,rrlnoKr{cJro,Tbr,
lcTBOpHMbIe,
nxo4nullle _ B IOCT 2874_TS,u**.
HaHMeHeeoKpa- Ho rrpeAeJrbHbre
noKa3areJru r
rbHorPYAUee qecrBy 6axrepnft B yKa3aHHo
rrpHBr(ycbr
nBrr.n,r.",'iu,jiJ?r;;; or,q ecKoro np =
, " * ;#;:, :,:.:
r.rLAUl''AEH.A.g B o 'Jqvlrrl
O ITFH}ITL i D DTT TT
r:uAy, KaK 6esnpe4Hylo tlo
PCSYJIbTATC X(I{SHCACflTCJIbHOCTI,I BLIpycaM. oAUaro
MLIKpo-n Mar(poopr.aHusMoB H OTMI,IPAHHfi B NOAO3PHTC/I'HbIX CfiYI{AflX
B BoAe; uaz6one."y;;;?qungfi B HCC/ICT,OBAHUH IOASCMHbIX
v rpyAHOpacrBopHnarrfi r,Jrn xogglicrBe'Ho-n'TbeBbrx BOA
3eMJrHCTstft
pt saTXnHfi 3a[ax qe."rrer?'cJreAyeT
rluanrHufi BK/IIOqarb crle_
BaeTcfl aKTHHOMHqeTaMH Bbr3br- faApo6uoJro,raqe
cxnfi uri-.i-fr,
H a rr aTof eHHble opr aHH3M br . Lr B qacrHocrr{
B peroueHAarrun*
M""rapu
BOAflTCflTaKlKe irpeAeJrbHbre llfi*esas BOAa He AOJTXHa coAeplKarb
HH3MOBI{ HC AO/I)KHAHMCT' HA BHAr{Mbrx opra-
JrenrurlecKax[or{a3arenefi Berrl NOBCPXFIOCTH
TI/ICHKY.
(Baz+; 4; ir(erre3a (fe;;1
b,S,
-6.?1 rr T{T;nnn'r.a\ flo,*
3-I(xan6onona
Hofia
yg(L* r-,; BOAA,noAABAEMAt B cr4cTEMy
?3T "f;,.TflI^I,y?T
f
iI "-/\
t^r,g
rr{\u .0,_r
i xpoMa
t.l_ll-_l\r /l I_ll l, ,rh I fl E
HBnB
^^vrL ycrL.-*urptr,trv!'^r'peooeauu_t?
K KailecrBy floBepxHocr-
HbIx goA, noAaBaeMblx g cficteuu
ITIBIIB- rrrr,,h,
rrx
V X THII,
T DTTT cxeMbr npeABaplrTeJrbl
, n V A r , r r . r rr\^ rh ".nonrra,F
Hr4n BoAbr, a TaKXe fHAPoreo
pblx, B qacTHOCTH,eanu-cHr
,
yryquleHfifl KaqecTBa noBepxH

DD
 fitlri rrAtrtrn4ob n^h^r(.i;J;A^-.;; ,,
Tadnnqa 3. Tpe6bnatnfl K KaqecrBy noBepxHocTHblxBoA,
noAaBaeMux n nnQuJrbrpaqtroHHbre 6accefiHu rr KaHaJrbr

flor<agatenu Tpe6oaaHna

Ihanapulue BerrlecrBaH opraHH3Mbr,

BHAuMbre rJIaSoM He 4onxHu 6uru
Myruocrs*, Mr/.rr B cpeAHeM3a r.rnSn.rrtrpaquoH-
ur,tii rtl.rr<.n He 6onee 5-25, npr.r
uar<clrrrla.nuHoli MVTtrocTHHe 6o-
' i r.rrrrp r ace 50
rrl ru n rrJ u A[' t'cfl qepe3 OacceH H bl H K aH aJIbI, K OTOpbIg X(eresa, Mr/n He 6onee3
OA H OB PC M C H F IO ' BJIfl IOTC ' OqH
fl C TI{bIMHC OOP Y }K C H I{fl MI{. P eat cqnn,
pH
OqU C r- 6,5--9,5
HbIe Bo3MOXHOCTT,T r4 Oxuc.nseuocrrnepMatraHaTrrafl, Mr
_npo,nycKHafl, cnoco6Hocrb 3THX COOpy- Ozln
XeHHfi ofpaHHIIeHbI o6Ii.IHo B -ocHoBHoM IIo FIe 6o"rree l5
MyTHocTI{ BoAbI. OrHc.rtqetvroc'rt6uxpouaruar, Mf Ozln He 6onee30
B cBfl3' c orHM, KofAt EfIKs**, rvrrOr/n
BoAa fiocrynaer He 6onee3- 10
B u H s a n n rp a r{ H o H H b re 6accefi"""ap-""a"r"u"
ud u K aH aJrbr 6ee np.auup" - PacrnopeHHoro B BoAe Kncd'ropoAa Orono noJrHoro HacbruleHr.rr
tenrHofi oqHcrKH, TO KalrecTqq_ee_or{eHHBaercfl (noc.rreaepaqptu) (14-8 r,rr/n npn t:l-25'C)
IIo cneqHatrrb- (Doc$artr, nir/.rr
HbIM HopMarnBa-rr I!p, Ze;, 2gl. Orpr HopMargBbr He 6o.rreeI
'orrrusarorcn HecKoJrb6o Canurapuue 6amepna"nbHbrerroKa3a-
or focT 17.1.3.09-TTB csssH co cnequfriKori TEJIH: \
yc.noanli *
D
.pa6or an@anrrparlgoHHbrx6accefiHoeu nu"T"t". ; KoJIr.r-HHAeKc**
o6uee xo.rrH,recrso
He 6o;ree10000
OaCCeHHaX H Kaflarrax nofiyqaercff 6arrepufif*** He 6o.rree 104-106
AoBoJrbHo, xopo[rafl ,.
oqHcrKa or B3BeIIreHHbIxqacTHU, gaAep)KHBaercfl gHarIHTeJIb- __-BI crusuepas6an.uesnofi BoAbr
, Xecrrocru BoAbI,MI{HepaJrHgarIHq, 3a- flo u6pnaarr.rBaM
naxH, nplrBKycbl, IIBeTHOCTb, COAepxia-
III'A DAITIAATD NN TNT'O^AF EdU -
..rrv lvqvvrp ltv rrvAqJqIE./Inryl lult-

czrornqecruu, o6ulecaHr.rrapHbrM
r{ op-
raHoJrenTHqecKHM,nOCJreIIpoxo)KAeHHrr
rlepes no4ouocunft ropnsorrr u pa3-
6aaneHnq B BoAoHocHoMropr.r3oH-
Te'F***'F

rraetr4BfIB. HanpuMep, nptr ilpuMeHeHr{H

rpaBrHbrx 6accefiuor
B fnP tron
1 I
- - Jv c- K
- - -a
- erc-q MVT
- ' l' I o e r T .
-'J Ronr-T nn- 6O nrn/r, r, Knwaa
BaHHfi K KarrecTBy BoAbr, npeA/rafaeMbrx B pa6oTe
TAK KAK ABTOP OTHOCHTHX K HHq]ITJIbTPAUHOHHbIM
124:2s1,
coopyx(e-
HHflM, He yr{asbrBafi TvIna.
TPC6ONAHHfl,, NPHBCACIIHbIC B TA6JI. 3, MOryT H3MCI{flTbCfl
B 3ABHCHMOCTH OT TEXHOJIO|HqCCKI{X
YCJIOBI,IfiB AAHHOfi CUCIC.
56
57
 Bo Bcex cflyrlaflx KarrecrBo r,rcxoAHofisoAH AoJrx{Ho 6nm t? ^--^^;- - -rtexoAuoft
ti ,.
corJracorBaHoC rOCyAapcreeHHoftcaniarapuor? HHcneKlruefi. ,"-Sflo.cr"Bo noBepxHocruoli BoAbr Ailn cHcteMbr
3ro yqurbrBaercfl npu xapar(repucrnKe rranos I4BilB, npu- vr''rL,, ll r'rila nprrH'Maercfl no focr 17.1.3.03_77.
poA_H_brx H caHHTapHo,-TexHHqecKHx ycnonnfi. Ao uHsunrrpaqur{ B norJrorqarcul'x cr(BaxprHax ee npeABa-
I'IcxoAuafl, BoAa, rroAaBaeMafle- 6accefrHbr,KaHaJrbr,norJro- pureJrbHo orrurlaror B coorBercrBtr c f OCT
ZAf+_lS.
IIIaForrIHecKBax{HHbrrr ApyfHe uu+unmpauHoHHbre coopyxe- B orAenbHbrxcryqafix noBepxHocrr'yroqoAy, He coAepx(auyrc
HHfi, AOJI)I{HA 6rTrI COBMECTHMA C IIOA3CMHbIMH BOAAMH, T. C. BpeAHbrxBerqecrB H MyrHocrbro He 60nee l-3 vrf n,- ficnoJrb-
npH CM€IITLIBaHHH c HvrMH He AOJIXHa CnOcO6cTBOBaTb BbIIIa- 3yror 6es ilpeABapure.unuor?oqHcrKH. Boa,u Hs BoAoHocHoro
rop,soHra _xJrop,{pyelc^fl
AeHHFO OCaAKOB, a rar(X(e He pacrBopffTb BoAOHOCHbTenopoAbr. 4p rroJrrrofo coorBercrBHff rpe60sa-
tt4r,M f ocT 2BT4-TB. B cucreMe I4B[B Iii--;r;; BoAa
ocaLxu MoryT BbrnaAarb, Harrp'Mep, ilpH HcxoAHofino4e, Aorr)Kr{aorBeqarb rpe6oeaHHI,M f OCT l7.l .3.08_TT . ECn
6oraroli KHcJIopoAoM, Irpu HaJrrrqr4r eoCcraHoBnTeJrbHbrx oHa nocrynaer H3 sOAOSa60p3, ro ee ueo6xoAHMOX/rOpHpo-
ycJro-
euri B BoAoHocHoMropusoHTe. flpu oroM ecJrn B noAseruHofi BaTb H AaXe npoBoAHTbnocJreAyroueeyfiyrrrueHHeKaqecTBa,
BOAe FlaxoAflTcf coJrH xeJresa B saxHcHofi Qoprrae,To npo-
HSOriAeroKHcJreHHeee c BblrraAeHHeMB OCaAOKrHApara 4. NPEABAPHTEJIbHOE
YJIYqUIEHHEKRqECTBA
oKHCH)KeJresa.Taxoe flBJreHHe ua6"nrcAaercflrracro. BunaAe- noBEPXHOCTHOII
nb4ur
HHrO3aKHCHOTO )KeJre3acnoco6crnyrcr raKx(e H >KeJre306axre-
pnvr. Ec,rrn HcxoAFrafl BoAa coAepx{HT arpeccuBHyro yrJre, oEIrIHe noroxF,Hklfl
KHCJr_OTy, TO MOII(eT rrpor4cxoAr4Tb, Hanpr{Mep, pacrBopeHHe B psAe cflyrraeB
SSPqojarHb_II flopoA, tlro Ha6,nrcAaJrocbHa yrracrKe cr{cTeMbr _rlgps,4uH$n.ritrparluefi B BoAogocHlrri
I4BnB Ha Vpa.ue. Talra IIoA pbIXJTbIMH
ropr'r3oFrr
A.rs I runa I4Bng_ H, KaK_Ir!aBliro,repeA nn6uni-
aJrJrrotsHaJrbgbrMr.r'olJro- rpaqraer?
e cKBaN{HHbr
>KeHHgMH3aJreraror rperuHHoBarble H3BeCTHflKH,KOTOpble Arrfl II rnrra nnnn npou,iafr." npua_
npH B3auuoAeficrBr4TC afpeccHeHoii yfJreKHcnorofia uusunr- 9_apHreJrbHoe yryqrxeHlre KaqecrBa noBepxHocruofi BOAbr.
TparlaoHHbrxBoAax pacrBopflrorcfl r.rB pe3yJrbrareo6pasyercn
v.rryuueH'exa.reCrnaBoAbrHarraHaroT c opraHr.3ar{H'oxpaHbl
Kapcr c npoBaJraMw.llp" Hnsz.nnrpauHr{[oBepxHocrHofi BoAbr
rroBepxHocrHbrx BoA or 3arpfl3HelHl?-fl,,
nu6opa yqacrKa r{ Mecra
EOAOSA6OPA, rAC MO}KHO TIOJIYIIATb BOAY, B qACTHOCTH,
B 6accerlnax rtoA BJTHflHHeMoKHcJrHTeJrbHbrx npoueccoB C MEHb.
pl AonycrHMbrM coAeplKaHHeM
H )KHSHCACflTCJIbHOCTH NJIAHKTOHAq.OA3CMHAff BOAA HACbIIIIACT. #*ft MyrHocrbro rr,/ia.HKToHB.
cfl ytJreKHc.norofi, qacro B ug6HroqHo[,I KOJITIqeCTBe,CTaHO.
KoHcrpyKrlHro eoAoea60pgB H3 rroB_ep4lro_crHbrx BoA npeAyc-
MarplrBarcrc yqeroM rpe6onairnr?CHrzlI II-3l_74
Br4rcr afpeccHeHorl H pacrBopfleT xap6onarHbre rropoAbr. [3l].'Vcno.
Br{rrnpHMeHeHHfpa3flHrrHbrx cnoco6oe npeABapure.rrrHorz BO.{,O.
Kponre npofHosa xnnar,tqecxofi coeMecruMocrz npu cMeIrrH-
floAroroBrr..paccMarpr4Barorcfl Hr{x(e.KoucrpyKrlqr{ r.rpacqerbr
BaHHkr noBep)\HocrHopi H noAselaHor? BoAbr cJreAyer AeJrarb
coopyx(eunfi p,nn oqHcrKHBOAbIHe paccMarpHBaroTcr,,u* *u*
IlpofHos i{aqecrBa iioJiy'.iasiiiefics BoAbi. ilpra cMerrreFrur{AByx
erH Bonpocbr ony6.rruxoBaHbr B cner{HaJrnndxpa6era'x. np""-
paSHbrx no cocraBy BoA MeHfrorcfl cyuecrnoBaBrrrne B HHX
rlHrrbryJiyqlxeHnfl.Ka'.r,ecrBa
BOAbrnpH npeABapHTenauoirBOAO-
I-Ie3aBHCHMOApyr oT Apyra ulerorrHo-Kt4cJroTHbreH oKHCJtr4-
noAroroBKe Ao. rroAaqH Ha UUQU.Atrpaqr{oHHbre coopy)KeHH.r[
TeJrbHo-BoccraHoBHTe/rbHblepaBHoBec]afl,.XHvttz.IecKa'-, coBMe-
AB|IB aHaJrofnqHbrrrpar]rllrnaM yryrrrueHr4flr(aqecrBa BoAbr
crHMocrb rIpH cMerrrHBaH]rH AByx BoA HaAex{HO ycraHaBJrH-
Fra or{HcrHbrx coopy}KeH[fl.x Ailn BoAocHa6xeHus. v"rryvruutn
Baercfl Ha ocrjoBe pe[reH]rfl o6ueli ga/.a:c.,/- o MHfparluoHHbrx KAIICCTBO BOAbI AJIff BOAOCUA6>XCHHfl.- 3HAIIHT NOTYIIHTb
Sopn,tax aJreMeHroB B BoAe ilo ypaBHeHrrfl.M xHMHr4. Oror BOAY,
orBesarcuyrc ro KaqecrBy rpe6onaHHfl.MfocT 2974-73'.
rpyAoenaicHfi p acqer ryrrue rpor{sBoArarb c roMoulbro OBUM
llpeAnapr.rreJrbHar
BoAorroAforoBKa
npu HcKyccrBeHHoM
Boc-
ilo rporpaMMe <3BL[M> (Ha nsbrKe @oprpau IV). Ann pac-
rlera Heo6xoAHMo3Harb BeJIHTIHHv IIOJIHeHHHsaKJrroqaeTcff B rIacTHqHoM yfiyrllueHHH KaqecTBa
xoucrauru,vcrofiuuBocrH
KUMilJreKca A Irac't.tsopl4Moc1'H
BeuIecTBa. Ailn nporHosa coBMe- coopyx(eHHflX Lr B BOAOHOCHOMropH3OHTe. OAHaxo
crHMocrr.r uuQu"rrnrpaquoHuoft BoAbI c BoAoHocHbrM ropHsoH- rlpH
nHQHntrpar{HH rrepeg norJrorqaroulue cKBa)r(HHbrrpe6onauna
roM (no4sennnoltsoAofi r/r nopogorl) npono:Aflr KbMnereHrsrrfi
pt 6uorvtApoxHMHqecrHfi
rr{Aporeoxr.rMHrrecxlrfi aHaJrH3br B Kax- 5^_KarregTByBoAbr rroBbrruarorcflAo rpe6onauufi fOCT
2874-73. !.nn npeABapurenruort
uoAonoaroroBKH B saBr{cu_
AOM KOHr{peT}rCM Cflyqae.
MOCTHOT HCXOAHbTX
KaqecrB BoAbr u rpe60n auvtft K ee
lJrluu€-r
58
59
 HHio npnMeHflroT caeAyroulneMeroAbr:agparIHIo,oTcTaHBaHr{e, npe/iBap fit€fi i' H0€'f.r1t'"iiiieiille iia tiecfBa BoAbi iiepe4 sH"':rrtp o-
uuxpclrpr{Jlbrpar{H}o, cKopoe H,npeABapHTeJrbHoe r$r.rnrrpona- BaHHeM.CoopyxeHllrr AJrrroTcraHBaHHflBblnoJrr{flrorcfl o6uqHo
,HHO, xJropHpoBaHHe,r(oaryJrr{poBaHHeNrfl, HHTeHcI{$driquu oTKpbrrble ropr4goura.nnAoro rnila u B BHAe ronueli (Hanpn-
lorcransattfl, n $wna"tpoBaHnfl,a TaKxe Apyrue MeroAbIB ga- Mep,. B CCCP Ha pflAe o6rerron, Ha p. JIex AJrff BoAo-
BI{cLIMocrHor r(oHr(perHblxycnoanfi H, B qacrHocru, o6ee- csa6xeHus B faare) Lr BanpyA, a raxlxe B BHAe orKpbrrblx
'BbIpbITbIx
H IIp. ',
)KeJle3rrBaLrure B rpyure orcrofiuHKoB. OrcrausaHHe nponcxoAuT
, B BoAoxpaHuJrurrrax, o3epax (CCCP; Mar,u,e6ypr,<DPf; OHra-
ASPAUHg puo, KaHala) u npyAax, Koropble Moryr 6urr ucroqHlIKaMH
BocrroJrHeuufl noA3eMHbIxBoA. BeeetueHHble qacrr{ubr n orcrofi-
llp, MaKcraMaJrbHoMHacbrrqeHur{ BoAbr Kr{cJropoAoM HzKax 3aAepx(HBarorcfi rrpuMepHo Ao 30-80 0/0, a HHorAa
B nu$u"nrrparlnoHHbrx6accerluax H B BoAoHocHoM ropugoHTe Lr 6onee. flo pa3rHrrnblM Aar-rHbrM B orcrofiuvnax saAepll(H-
npoucxoAplrnau6o.ueenoaHoe oKHcJreHvre u pasJroxeHneopra- Baercfl npnMepHo 25-80 % 6axrepuri; npurreM gr.rMofi
HnqecKoro BeurectBa Lt orrruMaJrbHoerroAaBJreHHe 6axtepufi HecKoJibKoMeHbIrIe,qeM JreroM. B orcrofisnKax Ao noAaqu
c yuutroxeHHeM rraroreHHblx. Pacrn'opHMocrb KHcJIopoAa B uu$urrrparrnoHHble 6acceliHurB parioHe yCCP saAep)KH-
BO3AyxaB BOAeHa I "rr npH aruoc{repHoM AaBJIeHHLI cocraB- BaJrocbAo 80 ?o 6axrepuft. OAHaxo B HeKoropbrx cncreMax
Jlfler: rrpu 0'C - 10,19 cM3, HIIH 14,5 rvr/.n; ilpH l0"C - I4BilB JreroM KoflHrrecreo6arrepHfi no o6qeMy cqery yBeJrH-
8,84 cM3, HtrrLr12,4 rvrfn; ilpn 20"C - 6,36 cM3, u.nn 8,8 rrrr/n qr.rBaJrocb,Hanpl{MepB cncreMe I4B[B B AoJrHHep.Aparnu
u npt 30"C-5,25 cttts', unu 7,4 uri"rr. c 1,7 n peKe Ao 2,7 ru"rr.xn/n,t.n
B orcrorlHuKe. llo cpanHeHuro
C"rteAoeareJrbHo,rroJrHoe HacbrueHr.reBoAbr KHcJropoAoM c noBepxHocrHblMnBoAaMH B orcrofiHuKax HesHarrhTeJrbHo
fiaAaer n 2 pasa npa rroBbrrrreHr.ru reMrreparypblo,r 0 Ao 30"C. HaMeHfirorcff TeMneparypa H cocraB ,BoAbr.Hepearo, oco6euHo
OAuaxo xorrr KoHueHTpaunfl KrrcJropoAa rrpu noBbrIrIeHHH B TenJrbrfinepuoA, noA BJrHrHr{eM$orocunregupyroulux pacre-,
TeMnepaTypbr BoAbr noHHxaeTcfl, aKTr{BHocTbnpoqeccoB uufi yBeflH.IHBaercn KoHueHTpauHflpacrBopeHHoro B BoAe
oKHcJreHHflIroBbrlrlaercfl. C,uegyer HMerb B BHAy, rITo He Bce Kr4cJropoAa. Ha HeKoropbrxo6sexrax cncreM I4BtIB ua6.uro-
opraHHqecKpreBerrlecTBa AocTaTorlHo xopouo oKHcJIgIoTcfi. rliaercareHAeHrlvrfr K.[oAaBJreHuro ]Kn3HeAeflTeJrbHocru nnuxpol
Aepaqna Mox{er npou3BoAr4rbcfl nyreM [oAarru BoAbrno KacKa- I cxonnqecKr.rx no4opocnefr(AoJrusap. Aparnu). flpununaHue
/ Tf ^^ - rT\f-!T\^ T.r^-- rT\^^-------\ ^^^e^--^
(AOP'r'MyHA, \+'rr; ^PyaCCr4, \rrPaHqHxr, qePes P frnrt nhnmnrrn6trrrrt irA\ttnn ?t??mA?rA?rrf.t.t.tta^
AaM I1'u4.rJ,J.r}lrrra rryvL \,rlLravLDannrt rvru,.r\cr rrtlrEuural$r.nl{tlPtJ,E'crr-b
a3uP.bllj-
rHBareJrH,THna HacaAoK Beurypu B KpuQe.rrr,qe,npocrblM 3aAep)KHBaHHe R3BerrJeHHbrxrracruu Ao 92,5 0lo lr 6arrepufi
us rpy6rr. B uexoTopblxcJryr1as",HanpnMepB sHMHee
r.r3JrHBoM ao 90 70. OauaKo peareHrbl B cncreMax I,lBllB npuveHffrorcfl
BpeMfl, asparlr{fl Moxer ocyuecTBJrflTbcfl npH rro,crynJle}lkru peAKo.
Bo3Ayxa nyreM HHx{eKrIHr.r Bo BcacbrBaroulyrcTpy6y LrJtLrnpu MI4KPOO14/IbTPAUVIfl
noMoTTrH KoMnneceona
. ^ v ^ l ^ v . + ^ . R . HaTTonHvro 'rnv6v.
r J " J , . .
qro cHLIlKaer
oxJrax(AeHHeBoAbI. Hau6o.rruwufr AorroJrHnrenruufi BaxBar MuxpoQHJrbrpar{Hr npHMeHflercrr KaK caMocrosrelnHult
KncJropoAa r4s Bo3Ayxa flpu o6H,IHori agpal\Hu cocraBJlffer MeTOA krilH B KOM[JreKCe C ApyfHMH BHAaMH OIr?TCTKH Ailfl 3A-
5-B nar/,rr.B orKpbIToM orcrofiuuxe H B nHrpu.nrrpaql{oHHblx rpy6Hx essetlleHHblxqacruu tEoco6euHoB r{crorr-
Aepx(HBaHHfl
6acceriuax BoAa AonoJrHI,ITeJIbHoagpl{pyercff BoBAyxoM .HHKe LICKyCCTBeHHOTOBO'CIIOJIHeHLIff,rAe I{HTeHCHBHO paSBH-
(ao 2-5 ur/"u). .U,nen,Ie. 6accer?HeilpH Halrr4qr4rpacrl{re/Ib- Baercfi nJraHKToHnpn coAepx(alll{H.6onee1000 KJreroKB I enng
Horo rrJraHKToHa(noaopoc,rrefi)H BbIcIlHx pacreulat?ilponcxo- qBereHLIr FIe MeHeeMecflua. B cHcre-
u npoAoJrx{HTeJlbHocrrl
AvT TaK)Ke AOrrOJrHHTeJrbHOe HaCbIIqeHLIeBOAbI KHCJIOpOAO'M. Max I4BIIB Ha npaKrnKe npn coAeplKa.HHH B ucxoAuofi no'-
Aepaunn rpn noAarle BoAbI ts Irn$unnrpaqHoHHbIecKBa- BepxHocrHofiBoAe KJIeroKBoAopoc.ueft Aaxe Ao 5-10 nrn/4u3,
)r(r{HbrBpeAHa, TaI{ KaK BO3AyX MOX(er CHJIbHOyBefiHtILITb r. e. B 5-10 pas 6onrue BbIIIIeyKa3aHHbIx HopM, MHKpo-

Hocurtrl ropH3oHT. Ao 75 AnaroMoBbrxH Ao 90-

B cBery 40 mxvr H 3aAep)I{HBaIor
D a I ( r e p H H ((no
o A o P O c J I e H ._Eaxrepufi
y95
D Y cuHe-3erreHblx
%0 C no4opoc.nefi.
HHe-3eJIeHbIx B XaHrepy)
aHTepy, E..
nO D
OTCTAPTBAHI,IE
yAarlnercfl Ao 10-20 0i0 H 6lIKs cHn)Kaercfl Ha 5-10 70.
OrcraHeaHHe- HaH6o.uee qacro BcrpeqarcrttHficR BHA llp" npann"uruor?npoMbIBKeIIorepH Hanopa B cerKe cocraB-
- npHMeHflercsqaue KaK
npeABapsre,nlsofiBoAonoAroroBKH lRmr 0,2 M. BoAa Lnfl ITpoMbIBKH rroAaercfl noA HanopoM

60 6t
 30-750,0 Lr o6wvtfr cqer xonoHprfi6axrepufi- Ha 40-b00/o
AJ1-A,2 MIla c pacxoAoi\4
oKoiro \uft npo$u;lrrposannofi (no _caHnrapHbrM auanusana) . B cucreMe'I4B[B a;rs BoAo-
BO.4br. cua6xenus r. Easens Bo,nap. Periua cHaqaJraoqHilIaer,cff
flo Harueuy MHeHHro,cJreAyer rrpoBepuTb B KoHKperHbIx Ha cr{opnx su"nbrpax6es peareHToB,
ycJloBr4fix,HacKoJrbKoqeJrecoo6pasuo6oporlcn c BoAopocJrfl- a sareMy}Ke rrocryrraer
na gnQraJrbrp
at1aoHHrrre
6 aciertnr,r.
Mfr, o6pa6arbrBafl eoAy MeAHbrMKynopocoM AosaMLI0,1.._
0,5 vrr/"rr,a no'ApyrfiNI AaHHbIMAo 0,7 nrr/n. 3auerntvt, qro gTtI
Ao3bI He lrpeBblluaror HopM, yKa3aHHbrxB |OCT 2874-73. X/IOPHPOBAHI,IE
Moxer 6nru, [o/re3Hee AonycTHTb onruMaJrbHoe paaBI{THe Xnopnpo BaHHeB cncreMe npeABap"r.nu"ofi BoAonoAro-
Bo-Aopoc.rreri.Kcraru, Ao3upoBarb ueAssrfi Kynopoc ueo6xo- TOBKH npHMeHflFOT KaK CaMOCTOflTeJrbHbIfiueroA , TaK H B KOM[-
AHMo c yqeroM KoHrIeHTparIHH MeAHB t4cxoAHofisoAe. JreKcec ApyfHMn.XnopupoBaHHe npoBoAflTAJrfl,
O6esSapaN(HBa-
HHflEoAbr,AJrfl 6opt6n c pocroM BoAopocnefiw AJrs oKr.rcJreHus
lI PEA BAPI4TEJIbHbIE OI,I,Itb TPbI opfaHI4rIec,KHXBeIITeCTBH, B qaCTHOCTH,
BeIIIeC'rB,o6yc.uon.nn-
Bar.orqHxrrBerHocrb, Sanax v npHBKyCBOAbr(Ans ux cHl{x(e-
llpe4napHrerrbHbreSu.nnrpu (npeSu"rrnrpn) r4cuoJrb3ylorcn
HHfl H ycrpaHeHun). XnopupoBaHr{eB cHcreMe I4BnB rpH-
6es peareHTa AJrn npeABaprare.uruofioqncrKr,rnoBepxHocrHblx
MeHflrorB ocHoBHoMnpH rrocJreAyroqeMyfiyqlrreHr4HKaqecrBa
BoA MyrHocrbro 50-250 iur/n, cHr4x{afiMyrHocrb Sunrrpara
BOAbirr pex(e npu npeABapHreJrbHoM. XnopupoBaHHenpoHs-
Ao 20-50 rrrr/n npu cKopocru $u.ulrpoBaHnr. 75-120 vricyr BOAflT III{CTbIM XJIOPOM, HO TAIOKC THNOXJIOPHTOM KArIbTT4fl
[3] , 32]. (ca (ocl) 2) vr Apyrr{MrrcoeAHHe
HHnMr4
xnopi. !,osn xrrop}r-
C BE P X C K OP bIE OI4l tbTP bI poBaHHflBOAbr3aBrICflTOT TOrO.B KaKOMBHAeXJrOpBBOAHTCfl
B BOAy, OT ee r(aqecrBa rr B oco6euuocrH or pH 14 TeMrre-
CeepxcxopbreQunrrpn, pa3pa6orausueT. H. Hnxz$o- PATYPbI,'HAJIIdqVfl, OPIAHHqCCKHX BCIIICCTB, KOJIJIOHAHbIX BC.
poBbIM (6ee pearenron) co cKopocrbroSnnnrpoBaHlrfl800-
rracrullbrno'70-80%. rrlecrB, KoJrr{secrBaMHr(poopfaHH3MOB H LrX peSr.rcreHTHoCTH;
1200u/cyr, 3aAepx(I4tsarcT
B3BerreHHbre
KHrue.rHaqnaJroqKa 6onee crofixa K xJropy, rreM pflA rraro-
Taxze HanopHbre npHMeHrrcT
Sn.rrrrpbr B HeKoropbrx cncreMax reHHbrx MHKpOOpfaH?r3MoB, BbrSbrBarouIHX x(eJryAo.IHO-Iffiire.r-
I4BnB. C.iroxHocrboKcnJryara\HHernx Sunrrpou sacraB-
.N9IP'F TTENEYOIII,|TK II.N9T TlNFTTR2NI'TE.ITT,T{NTr| OCRET-ITtrT-II,T9I RNIII)T
HbIe sa6onesaHHs. B 6onturnHcrBe cflyrraeB KoJrH-HHAeKc
Aw"^
.rrBJrfiercfixopoIIIHM caHHTapHbrMLTHTHKATOpOM, HO npH noAo_
B cucreMax I4BIIB K orKpbrrblMrrpocrblMfopr{soHraJlbHblM speHurx
Ha HaJrr.rlrueB BoAe 6arrepufi cr,r6upcxort flsBbr,
Qunnrpau. Ty/rfl p eMHvr, Bvrpycon u n s eKqr{oHHo,ro f erra rHTa, n oJrHo MHeJII{Ta
CKOPbIE OI4lIbTPbI H Apyfr4x nos6ygurener?sa6onesanufi ueo6xoAHMO
I [pOBOAr4rb
cileIIr4aJrbHyro 6uolorrqecKyro npoBepKy H AottoJrHHTeJrbHbre
Cxopue $unnrpu o6ecneql{Balor KarlecrBo Su.rrrrpata
ilo |OCT 2874-73 H pa6oram 6eg pearenruofi o6pa6orxu
vJrH nocJre Hee. BseAeHHe nepeA cplr"rrrrpo,Bal{HeM Snoxy.ruu-
roB nAA (uonnax pnnawup,a) aKTHBHpoeaHHoI? xpeuuenotl
KucJrorbryryrluaer pa6ory cKopblx cpunnrpoB- 3HarIHTeJIbHo
npoA/reBaer $HnrrpoIrHKJI t4 cnoco6crByer cHI4x(eHLIIo MyrHo-
croflTeJrbslrfiMeroA nepeA nocryrrJreHneMHa uufunmpauurc.
cin Qn.rrrrpara. Cxopocrn tpu,rrtrpoBaHtfl. 120-250 vr/cyr. ^
flpr nocJreAyroilIeM xJropHpoBaHHH,cor.nacuo focr
Taxne Qu"nr,rpu cJreAyer rrpuMeHflTbnpa noAroroBKe BoAbl
2874--73,, KoHUeHTPaT\vts, ocrarorrr{oro ceo6oAHoro xJropa
nepeA uHSu.ulrpaqneli B noA3eMHbIeBoAbI, HanpIlMep AJrfl
AoJr)KHa 6urn rre MeHee 0,3 H He 6onee 0,5 nar/"rr npu r(oHTaKTe
II rtila I4BnB H oco6euno tIpH rpeuluHoBarblx LI KapcroBblx
H C M C H E C 3 0 M H H I I J I H K O I { I I C H T P A I I . H IC
I Bq-3AHHOI'O
XJIOPA HC I\dE-
ee ! , 2 M r / / r npH o0f f 3ar eJI bHoM r laconoM
no yilpoueuuoli cxeMe QH"nttpaquu Ha cKo'pblx Qranlrpax
KoHraI(TeB coopHllx pe9epEyapax H, no-BHAHMoMy, B BoAo-
6es peareHroB tr rlpH noBbIuIeHnotlcKopocru Qunlrpaqnu
BoAax (ao norpe6Hrenn). OAHaxo nocJreAHee AoJrlr(Ho6nru
KarIecrBo QH,nmpara iloryqaercfl xoporuee: MyrHocrb cHH'
corJracoBaHoc caHHrapHofrprHcner(uHefi,
raK KaK B focTe
)Kaercr Ha 20-'800/0 kr 6onee, qBe[Hocrb - Ha ,5-200fs,
-. Ha 8-220ft, xo,nuluH/{eKcyryquaercff Ha
oKHcJrreMocrb 9ro r{e npeAycMorpeHo.rlp" xJropHpoBaHHrr
cHHx{aercflrrBer-

62 63
Hocrb Ha 30:60, oKpiciifieidocrF,Ha t 0:40 0/0, noAaB.nfiercs i{BnB c ucnoJrbsoBar{HeM cHJrbHo3afpfl3HeHHbrx
noBepx-
pa38HTHe irJraHKToHa,yfiyquarorcfi KoJr,H-HHAeI{c Lr o,6uufi HocrHblx BoA ocyuecrBJlflFOTB 3anaAnofi Enpone H qacTr.rrrHo
cqeT xonosufi. llpr noJroxuTeJrbHoMBtrrLrtrHHH xJropupoBannfl, s CIUA u fnosuu.
Ha yilyllllleHHe KarrecTBaBoAbrcJreAyeTyrrLITbIBaTb,
rrTo xJropn-
poBalrHe Mox(er HMerb H He6,uarorrpHflTHble no,cJleAcrBHff. 5. YJIYqIIIEHLIEKAIIECTBABOAbIIB HHOHJIbTPAIIHOfiHbIX
Hanpunrep, npu HailH'urr4'SeHo,ua B BoAe Bo3HI,rKaroT HenpHrr- EACCEIIHAXI,l 3OHE ATOP,AIII,IH
HbIe npr.rBKycbrH 3anaxu. llpn 3HaqHTeJrbHoM coAep>I(aHHI{
aMMHaKa Moryr o6pasonarbcfl xJropaMr{Hbr;B pegyJrbrare Vlu$untrparrHoHHlre6accer?HuycrpaHBaroro6uqHo orKpbr-
saMeAJrflercflpacnaA opraHnrrecKoroBeIIIecrBa. Taxuu o6pa- rbre, no3ToMy Ha HHX sogAer?crBylorarrvrocQepHbre
Saxroptr,
3OM,XJTOpHpOBaHHe C/reAyernpHMeHsrb,BSBeCHB BCeBOSMOX{- Bo BpeMeHH (reunep arypa, conHeqHufi cBer
r.r3MeHrlrrBbre
HbIe noc/reAcTBHfi. 14 Ap.). llycx BoAbr B 6accefiu a)
yAAJIEHI4E I4g BOAbI TOI(CHI{HbIXTBEIIIECTB
{ r *-l
3;:"^xffffffiil:'"""JJ#il#'9i'.
flpn 66nrunx, rreM no HopMe,KoHueHTpauuflxroKcHqHblx,
Aox{AeBaHHeM.' otffi
^_n:"-:-tll:::ii"
BoAa rocrynaer B auQunmp a-
KaHUeporeHHbIxvr ApyfHx Hex{eJrareJlbHblxBeIIIecrB cJIeAyeT / f
rlnoHrrbre6accefiuu sarpr3HeH- ol..*o-r-l ,,. c*o
rrpeAycMaTpHBaTb cneuHaJrbHoeyflyrlueHHe KaqecTBa BoAbI. i,16,
Hoft e paeHor:rcre[eHH: co cpeA-
Pnn BpeAHbrxBerrlecrB yAaJrflercfl Lrs BoAbI npocrblMn Mero-
neri MyrHocrbroAo 5-25 nar/n
r,aMH (Hanpunaep,cBHHeII,MeAb, TI,rraH,gaHaAufi, ronrQpdM, u 6o.'ree Pnc'7' AB,r'
uonu6Aeu, 6epunnufi,,HHKeJrb, xo6a.nrt, yp&H, pryrl), a Ap!: fXfiilf
PaccuorpHIr,t BJIHflHHe ropH- ":?JiTH"?::il?,.o
a - co_cpeAoroqeHHoe
(c oAuoroxoH-
rfie - 6o"rreecJrox(HblMr{(uuurrnx H Ap.). K.asqeporenbl sa- goHranrHoficocraBrrrrrcuer? uu)'
Aepx(HBaroTcffar(rHBHpoBaHHbrM yrJIeM. MeroAu yAaJIeHl{fl 9no- nf;0ff;iiXrln'J,l?:1"i,*""''
pocTH ABI{}KeHHfl BOAbr B OaC-
BpeAHbrxH HexeJraTeJrbHblx BeIrIecTBKpaTKo onucaHbl B pa-
cer?ue B 3aBHcHM ocr H or M e, cTa
6ore B. A. Knsqxo u W. 9. AnenbunHa ( 1971 r.) . BnycKa BoAbr (pnc. 7). I-lycrn BoAa ABH)KercflB 6accefine or
bHAfl BOAOnO,U,rOTOB
nPEABA,PI4TEfl KA CI4JIbH O TorrKrl4 x ro.rre B; rny6HHa HanoJrHeHHfl
6acceriHa lto H cpeA-
'r^{' c
L tr^c r vnrrr rv rHl vf .vlrn
un'nr. rhunwrnq rr\rlr rv ly-l -. Tr nvnl Anqq nr.ranLrr L.\ F r l n r r a r . , r J ' Traq rd rr rD. -
3AiPfiSHEFIHbiX tsO.4, *rrtvLu
rl/qr+rrrr vHvArrrvrv r vyrrgvrr

Hyro cocTaBJrflorqyrocKopocTHABtJII(eHlrfl
BoAbr a7 B 3aBLrcH-
B Hacrosqee BpeMfl TexHHqe cxui''t ypoBeHb otlucrnblx Mocrlr or paccroflrrur x oT Mecra BrrycKa BoAbI Ao rorrKr4 I
coopyxeuHfi rro3BoJrffeTI{cnoJIb3oBarb Ailn HcKyccrBeHHoro onpeAeJruM no Sopuyne
BocnoJrHeHHficHJrbHosarps3neHnble peqHble BoAbI. B groM
cflyqae npeABapHTeJrbHafl BoAonoAroToBKaBKJIIOqaeTKOMn' ,,:t uo_
x). (2)
JreKc MeroAoB yryrrureHus KarrecrBa BoAbI, Hanpl{Mep o\cral{-
BaHHe H KoHTaKTHoeocBerJIeHI,Iec KoafyJlfiquefi; AonoJIHH' Bpenan npe6unaHun BoAbr t* B 6accet?HeBbIrIHcJrr.IM
rro
TeJrbHonpH ueo6xoAHMocrn BBoAI{TcnxJIopHpoBaHI4e, LI3BecT'
dlopuyne
KOBaHHeU yrJreBal{He Ailfl yAaIIeHVfrnpHBKyCOBrr sanaXOB
t!6
B BOAC. tx:23 E+. (4)
Uv x)
B parioHe Kpyaccu (tDpaHUHn)ucro.IHLIxoMBocnoJIHeHHfl ) \t6-
noA3er\[HbrxBoA cJryx(HTcHJIbHo3arpfl3HeHHaffcToqHbIMHBO- f l p , h a l a r : 0 , 5 L Tx : 0 r o n y q q x 4 u r : 2 l a nr/cyr,a rprr x:lr,
AaMH p. Ceua. flpnnaepHo B aBrycre- oxrn6pe HcKyccrBen' ropH3oHTailbrlan cocTaBJrflIouIaflcKopocTH ABH)I(eHr{ffBoAbr
Hoe BocnoJrHeHHeLIB p. CeHu npeKpaulaercff I'tg-Ba ee i)y:0, T . € . U r I , I 3 M e H t e T C f l O T 3 H a l I H T e , U n H O f iBCJIHIII{HbI AO. HV.

pyroT eMxocrHble 3attacbl noAseMHblx BoA. fJpe4eaPl{reJlbuaff
BOAOnOA|OTOBKa BKflIOqaer BBeAeHHe KOaryJIflHTa V AKTIdBV-
poBaHHoro vrJrfl, ocBerJIeHI4e B orcrofiHuKax, 6ucrpyro Qllnr'
rp a q u ro , s a re M a s p a rtu l o IIO K aC K aA aMH nOA arIy n rA n$H JIb' Tpa'
rrH o H H b Ie' 6 a c c e fi u u .
6nu>xeuHu K ror{KeB nin x:0,91a cocraBJrfert,tS .yr.
llp" oroM BpeMflnpe6unaunnBoAbrB 6accefiseHe saBHcHr
BoAbrgHaqr{TeJrbHo
or AJrHHrr6a.ccefiHa,a cKopocrb ABHIKeHHfl
BaBr{cHTor sroft AJrHHbr.Hanpnuep, ecJrH BoAa flocrynaer
Lr3 rIflTH TOr{eK, TO MaKCLIMaJIbHafl rOpIr3OHTaJIbHAfl COCTaB-

64 3-1455 6t
 f I

Jrflrcrqar cKopocrn uE yMeHbruaercflB l0 pas no cpaBHennro \oH[etrrpauHfl pacTBopeHHofoKHcJropoAaB BoAe, nocTy-

C ar Ha cxeMe cocpeAOTOqeHHorO r.Irsrou€fi B 6acceiiuu. o6u.ruo 6ruexa K noJrHoMy Hacbrlqe-
noCTynJIeHLIflBOAbIc OAHOTO guAHo,qro
KOHIIA. Hnro.I4s pnc. 8 npu aepar{Hu(ira BrrycKes 6ac-
ceftu)KoHueHTpar\Hfl, yBeJrHrrHBaeTcfl.
KHcJropoAa Ha 0,7-3 nrr/n,
BeqecrB c AHaMerpoM rracrurlbl 0,01-
Ans ts3Belrlei{Hblx or BnycxaAo Apyroro KoHqa6accefiuaHa I-2 ur/.n, a Bcero
0,001 MM rlx ruApaBJrprqecKr.re-BeJrHqHHbr npH l0:C coorBer- Ha 2-5 ur/n. Taxunao,6pasou,BoAa B 6accefiueHacbrrqeHa
cJBeHHo npw6nwxeHr-ropaBrrbr 0,15-0,0015 Hilvr no rrKaJre u Aa)Ke IIepeHacbIIIIeHa KHCJIOpOAOM,nOsTOMy IIpOqeCCbI
Ca6anvrna 0,2 0,001I nru/c, Hiln .13-0, 13 rvr/cyr. llpu rury. oKHCJTeHHflOpraHHrIeCKOrO BeUIeCTBa ntrYr 4OdO.UtnO gHep-
6une BoAbr B faccefi,ue 2 M 14cKopocrtt Sznmparlnn 1 u/cyr rI,ItIHO.
iloilyrruM tspeMfl oca)KAeHuff orrueqeuuofi MyrH (6es yqera Mn xpo6r r olr or uqecKoe oquuleHpr e HAer cHHxpoHHo c f lpo-
BIIHfl,HHfl,
ropHsoHranrHori cocTaBJrsrouefi cKopocrn ABHx(eHr{ff qeccaM H pacr r aAa kr ol{ucJieir uf l oplaHHr {ecKHx coeAHHeuuit .
no4n) nopflAKa0,15-15 cyr. KporvreroFo,npu ropusoHranl-i B BoAoeMax cpe4neir eBpo- n
HOM HanpaBJreHHHIBHX(eFrHffBOAbI CJreAyeT.yrrHTbrBaTb
BepTr{- n e i r c x o f iq a c r n C C C P s a 4 8 q " 2 ,, n? /rt
KaJrbHyrococraBrrrrrcuyrc(oxono 0,083-0,05) or ropH3oH. orMupaer 60-70 o/o MLIKpo-
7'r,
\
- 6accer?sa
ranrsofr . cocraB"rrsnqericKo.pocru. flpu, AJTHHe t/
t- {:
6oe (snuol:r.MeHbrrre). Tax
100 na,rny6HrreBoAbr2 v u cKopocrauH$la"rrbrparlunI nr/cyr KaK Bo MHorHxHHcblutrpaqu- I
{ vt#, OO
I

npu BnycKe BoAbrc oAHoro ropr{a 6accefiua oKoJroMecra oHHbrx 6accefisax 65nattas, 7 r -f
BnycKa noayrlHM B HTore BepTHKaJIbHylO CCICTaBi[tIOII|yrc qacrb BoAbI, HaxoAI.ITcflcBbI-
.CKO: t
pocra ABr{x{eHHr BoAbr or fopHsoHrannuofi 4,2-2,5 rtl/cyr. rue 2 cyr co 3HarluTe.nrHofi klruno tA?eycmI teamndpt
flp" TaKHx ycJroBHflxreoperuqecKu oKoJro caMoro Mecra KoHIreHTpaquelt KLIcJIopoAa,
BnycKa noAbr B 6acceriH B ocaAoK norraAyr roJrbKo caMbre To H orMHpaI{He6axrepufi B Plrc. 8. Hs*renenne KoHqeHTpaqHn Kfi-
cnopoAa I BoAe nnSn.nrrpaqnoHnoro
KpynHbreSpaxquu MyrH, H rorAa ocaAoK.(nneHra) no rpa. 6accefiue AoJrx(Ho6url sHa- 6accefina

HyJroMerpurrecKoMy cocraBy no AJTHHe6accer?Ha 6y4er Qopnan, rIHTeJrbHbIM.O4HonpeMeuHo /-n ropqe 6accefisa;2-ua BnycKe
n 6accefiue; J-s r. Cefiu
poBarbcfi HepaBHoMepHo. 3ro, KoHerrHo,
TeoperuqecKnepacqe. yBenuuuBaercfl KoHrleHrpa-
mt' 6es AeraJrbHoro]nrera Maccbr ocaAKa, KoaryJrffuul{r.rlpy- IIHfl yrJreKHCJrOTbr H nOHHlKa-
hrrtr itA -^-tti" di,-d nTJ Do'!-rt-rr^ nnnnnirnw^i,
t vtz\ yLJrvbnnr ttu lrpnfl\nrLnaltbr-ru, pau9e'l'bl u HepalJHuMepHuc'I?t \tr\,.-r yrr. .t GroD.rrrns.c,uAUP\rLJrtrfl UyrqtrUfIJC.hltlU lJJlHXg'l'Ha PIIA
p a c n p e Ae J re H H ffo c a A Ka npaB H JrbH br. npoqeccoB. B pesynblare cporocuure3a AHeM npr.r lB-20 "C
A. A. Kacra"nrcrufr, BbrBeJrnpH6"nnxerrHyro
.nuHefiHyrc BbrAeJrffercfKHcJropoAAaN(e c nepeHacbruleHHeM BoAbrAO L4-
cBf3b cKopocrHocax(AeHr4ffMyrH H rrpoueHTaocaAKaB3Be-" .15 mrln u 6o.uee (no 4anHbrMB. M. EepAaHona H Ap.). .lloa
gosAer?crBr{eM BoAopocnefi, B riacrHocrH cHHe-seJreHbrx,
yfiyq-
rrreHrrbrx.qacrHr{.
Hanpnvrep, npH cKopocrr{ ocax{AeHHflI urra/ci
(9R A, ar/ntt-\
rvr/uJ Ll
/A^4'\lz?Toam^c
\Jwcl.tL\ACr\-rrv.a
aa
uu
0/- Dondrrrnryrryiv
l)oErEl-!-rE;fl.rr.Dl^
r. r1^c^r F
L ryftrr! r- { , ^ Eh"t
llyn.
[raercff 6arrepnaJrb:Ha'.,orrprcrKa.B.nusuue MHKpoBoaopoc..rrefi
\vvrr /u a

cKopocruocalxAeHun 0,1 urra/c(B u/cyr) - B0 70. ': Ha yflIrrrrreHueKaqecrBa BoAbrrroKasaHoB pa6orax A. B. Ao-
"rrrano-!,o6pononncKoro H Aplrux ( 1960- lgTs rr.) . o4uoape-
flo Aasnuu B. A. Knsr{KoH 14.e. Aneltq4;g,a,npH Tex x(e
MerrHoc orMHpaHHeMBOAOpOUefisosHHKaerAonoJrHHTeJrhHafl
cKopocTflx oca)KAaeTcfl HeKoaryJrHpoBaHHbrxB38erlreHHbrx
gacrHII, 10 14 85 0/0 Harpy3Ka Ha oKlrcJreHr{eH MOX(eryxyArxarbcfl KaqecrBo Bo-
, qro coorBercrByer, oqeBHAHo,pagHbrM AbI * , noflBJlflroTcfl
HenpHfiTlibreSanax H BKyc.
ycJroB?rrrM(cocrae B3BerrreHHbIx qacrur{, TeMrreparypa, ropn..
.
sOHTaJrbH?flCr{OpO,CTb BOArILI Ap.).
ABHX(eHHff 3a nocJreAHue 10-15 ner Ha HeKoropbrx rauSuntrpaquoH-
PasHoMepHoepacnpeAeJreHne ocax(AeHnr MyrH BosMox(Ho. poroErrrupoKo-
BbrceBarbKaMbTIII-Kyfy,
Hbrx6accefiHaxHarraJrr.r
paAHKaIrbHoyJryqrrrnrbnpn AoxAeBaHHr4(crur.puc. 7,6), npr-' ,nucruuft II ApyfLIe BoAHbIe pacTeHl{s, qToobl yJlyrlrunTb orlflcT-
rtctD r, nt^.rrrranrJn 1 A-'OO *r El o-^,*" ^ rrrrroa w rtd^d urnttRn
f LtaD t.o llv-rlrYr\-v[\-r r \., 2v LYL. t) .7 L \,rIYI rvdl Y'1 crf,; ll n r Ltl .rlarI\Jtr-

.nee p&BHoMepHaflrrJreHKano gcerl trJIouIaAH 6accefiua krt pbrxJrser rpyHT, yBeJrr.rq?IBafl

ero Qn,rrrrpaquoHHbrecnoficrna
uau6onee paBnoMepnafl orlucrKa BoAbI npH
cJreAoBareJrbr{o, B 6accefiHax, H noffrouraer xJrop, $eHon H Apyrue BerrlecTBa.
npoxo)KAeHr{Hrrepes nneHxy. B gHMHee BpeMs B cypoBoM tr4ccneAoBaHusQu.urrpaqnoHl{blx 6accefiHos c KaMhrruoMBe-
xoJroAHoMKJrr4MareAolKAeBaHHe(c aepaquefi) cJreAyersaMe- Ayercfl' B KpuQenoAe, ApesteHe. Iloc.ueAuae FoAbr B fAP
HHTb ApyrHM MeroAOM pacnpeAeJreHHf BoAbr, Ha[pHMep c rrQ-I craJrn 6onee IuHpoKonpnMeHfrb rpaBfluue 6accefiHn; rro gKo-
Morrlblo cerHepoBaKore.ca 6tuz [oBepxHocTnB9AbI, :j
3* 67
 HOMUqecKHM
noKa3are/rffMoHu BbIrOAHeedaccefifion c necqa.
ltt ?r. f}wl.n nntl arnM IJn nrra nnon6no n4r nrr r?rr.rmn rrnnrrA 6^nnnaanii
nDr /Yr fl flulvl.
3 a p y 6 e x o v r , B o c H o B H o MB 3 a u a A H o r iE n p o n e , 6 o n r u o e
BHLtMaHpre yAeJrffercfluayteuuro 6HoqeHo3an ni6unbrparlHoH.
HbIx 6accefiuax H BJruflHrrroero Ha HHTeHcHO"xaqH,o-lrporlar.
coB yryqllleHHfl KarrecrBa BOAbr.cransrcn onbrrbr rro pa3Be.
AeHr{ro pa3rurrHbrx pbr6 (nuHr, or(yHb, Kapn n Ap.) ; 6ac-
ceftuaxH npuTx (llosHaur B lld.rrrue, B^"6u;6; ; OFi '
n Ap.). B @Pf B PypcrovrpafioueHa' yqacrKeXa,unrepu
:
parIHoHHbrx 6acceliHoe o6urefi
rMbrruoM
( 1 0 0 c r e 6 n e r ?H a I u 2 ) .
TIHCTKHCOXpaHfleTCflno,cToflH- ycJroBHfx, cKoJrb BeJTHKO MOIKeT 6Urr KOJTHTIeCTBO MI{KpO-
op r aHH3M oB B nJr aHKTO He. 3r o o6t scuser cyulecr BeHHoe
ax npoH3BOAflT OTTHCTKy
OT HJra
MbrIuoM yxa:KHBar,oT BpyqHyro,
qro noKa o6xoAurcs
Aoporo,, HO MeroA 3TOT nepcneKrHsH;rfr.
fIoeHLueHHe
reMneparyplieolrr HHreHcn0"rdpyd-o*".n.-
HHe kr ycKoprer pocr BoAopocnefi.OcseueHHocrbBoAbr
HC TOJIbKOONPCACJIflCTCfl
CUCUOfi AHfl H HOTIH,HO. H 3ABI{CI.IT
OT o6naquocrla H MyTHocTH BoAbI. VgeTH.IeHHe ocBeUIeHHocTI,I a npHM eHeHHeaepau- HH noBbr r r r aer KoHueHTpauHr opacr BopeH-
ycKopfler pa3BHTHe BoAopoc,rreri u Bbr3brBaeT Horo KucJropola ,qo 6 irar/n. 3ro 3aMerr{o BJrHfler Ha oKHcJrI{-
orMr{paHHe pflAa
6axrepufi. TeJrbHbrenpo(eccbl H H3MeHfle'r KaqecrBo eoAH. Ha6nrolaercff
c,rre4yerorMer,Tb, rrro pasB,Tr.renJraFrKTqHa Tar(x(enoBbrruerrHer(orrueHTpauHrr
a3oTa B pa3r.rbrxero, coeAH-
n uu$Hnbrpa.
IIHoHHb]X6accefiHaxB pa3THIIHbIX cncTeMaxI4B[B , .u cMe. HeHHfx, B pe3yJrbrare rr,{era6o.nH3MaH AecrpyKr{r{H MHKpO-
foAa HAer HeoAHHaKOBo. opraHH3MoB.Orueqaercg cHHlr{eHHe KoHrIeHrfiuuu Soc$dpa
lOta_,npeMeHH Hanparraep,no AaHHbrM
B. vcoueHe, B oAuort Hs c,creivr LIB|TB e xaHaJreor p H;il; vr pfl.AaApyfHx sJreMeHToB pa3BHTHgnJTaHKTO-
noA BJTHflHHeM
JICTOM qHC.IIO KJICTOK NO4OPOCNCII Ha. B pe3yJrbrare AecrpyKrIHH eoAopocflerl Moryr noffBuTbcfl
AOXOAHT AO AEC,TKOB
.(vr/rn. .^lre't'u'lllJt
- - ^ - ^ - -/ * 17 / -H- e_ n- -nrt I t I T l I F r T e ?rTTrYIt U n n L { I l r { \ / n L Tv D \ , \ / Du A Trrrlrrrrl^d y/nrrrr^y'6n^r",d
Aax(e oo,,/Ibllre,'npua*p"renruofi
a sH[,IoIu yMeHbllraercfl J uJrrrarLLDwrl n\-rrlr+t:r1Lya\n7L

Ao 0,2-0,4 M.rrH.xnerox/n. no.i. yrJreKucJrorbr.

c,[eAoeareJrbHo,creneHb pa3BHTHflMHKpOOpra-
orracrKrl HI,I3MOB, ?IX TIHCJIeHHOCTb,BHAOBOITIcOCrae, a raKll(e Hx xHSHe-
B CBepxcKaphrxQnnnrpax. qHcJro KJreroK no,u,opoc.nefinaAaer
B OTAeJrbHbrx cflyrrafix B 1,3-2,3 pa3a, a B uHQunrrparl?roH- AeflTe,/'IbHocTb I4 oTMHpaHHe BJIHflTOT Ha COCTaB 14 KaTIeCTBO
Hbrx 6acceligax cr{oBavBerHrrI.tBaercfl. BoAbI. B 6olnruanclBe cryrraeB KarrecrBo BoAbr yryrluaercr,
B -u- H
- - r fh- a- -.-n^ r" r n r r r r . r r r ivrt^^ rr a. .s 6qonairuou ^L HO STOT BOnpOC H3yqeH HeAOCTaTOTTHO.
/\ vqvv\,rllt(ln uLEttn n !!uH!.la
3HMbrrrHcJroKJreroKBoAopocneriynaeHbrrraercff
AU
ilpoqeccbr oqlrcrKu npr{ HH(runmparIHHe 6accer?HeB HeKo-
Ao l_10 u.nH.
x"nerox/n, a c Ko'Hqa 3HMbr H JreroM yBerHql4Baercfl
AO Ae- lopori crerreHn aHaJroruqHbroqucrKe B MeAJreHHnrx Su"nbrpax.
cflTKOB M.rrH. x"rlerox/n. Pasnu,.tufloTHXnpoqeccoBB cJreAyroueM:
_ Ilp" 9TOM AHaroMoBbre BoAopocJrr.r
sul\aor?cocraBJrflror l5-50, a JreroM 65-T5olo o6ulero qucJra Sunnrovrcur{M MarepnaJroMB 6accerlHaxcJryxar ecrecr-
BCeX BT4AOBBOAOpOCnefi" BeHHbIerpyHrbl, pexe c noAcbrnxoficBepxy necKa. I-Ipr pere-
KonHqecrso cHHe-3eJreHbrxsoA.o,
poc.uer?JreroM H oceHL'royMeHbluaercfl lo 2-80 olo, a sulaofi HepauHrr rpyHTa B 6accelisax yAa/rrercf nJreHKaH rracrb
H BecHoliynenuquBaercffnpnMepHoAo lb-70 o1o.iiu BaKoJIbMarHpoBaHHoro necKa, a B MeAJreHHbrx
Qunnrpax Beeb
AaHHbre rrecoK npo'MblBaeTcfl;
B pa3Hble rbAu Mofyr r{e coBnaAarb, HSMeHflercflLr qI{cJIo
KJIeroK BoAopocneri. uHrprz.ttrpaqr{oHHbre6accefiubr- coopyx(euHfl orKpbrroro
H O A OaK Te-
prfr) B nJraHeH no r.uy6uue Husu.nrrpaquonnoro6accefiHa c$epHux ycJroBvtfr,,a MeAJreHHueSunnrpbr rracro ycrp atBaror-
HCOAHHAKOBOII AOBOJIbHO 3AMCTHO. B rOfi )KC CI{CTCMC HBNB cfl saKpblTofoTHna;
B v 6accer?He
B orrn6pe lgrT r. 6nus noBepxHocruBoAbr uu0nnrrpar{HoHHbre6accefiuu B cucreMe HcKyccTBeHHoro
6uno o6uapyxeHo1,5, a Ha AHe 6acceriHa-44,9MJrH.KJre- BOC[OJrHeHprrrflBJrflroTcfl npeAnocfieAHHMSTanOM B yflyrlrue_
HHH KAIICCTBA BOAbI NCPCA BOAOHOCHbIMTOPHSOHTOM,B TO BPC.
68
69
 Mt KaK MeA/reHHbreQHnrrpn -. o6uqHo nocneAnufi sTan
oqr4cTKHBOAbr. ilo AaHHbrM E. 14. Monoxaeofr, npn HesHarrurenrHofi
flpu yfiyqueHur4 KaqecrBa BoAhr s 6accertHax Heo6xoaunao KoHUeHrpaqnl_p BoAe HeQrenpoAyKroB H xaHqepbreHoB
.
.Ha ypoBHe nAK, oHr{ qacrHqHo 3aAep)Kr{Balorcfl
PACCMATPHBATb HHQ.HJIbTPAIIHIO qCPCs IIJICHKY, qCPCS sAKOJIb.'.: uneHror?
MarHpoBaHHbrr?' cJrofi rpyHTa, A TaKX(e qepes soHy agpauur{ r (ocra/rbHbrenpoHr.rKaror noA 6accer?H).OAHaxo g 3oHe oepa.
AO BOAOHOCHOTO CJIOfi, TAK KAK $UNITPAIIHS III{H nPoAOlXaercfl npoqecc xHMHqecKoroH 6HOnOrUqecKoro
BOAbI I{ YJIYHIIIE.
HHe KaqecrBa r{cxo4Hofi eoArr B Hnx pa3rprrHu. O6uapyxeHo, pagJrox(e_Hnfi opraHurrecKuxBeurecrB.B .ryeruufineproA Ha rJry_
n.. nepxHefi qacrn nrreHKH (aHurua) unsunrrpafiloHgbrx 6nue 0,5-l nn noA 6accerlHou Moryr cosAaBarbcfl 6.rrar6_
Yro npfifrHbre ycJroBr-rfl,
6accefiHo'enpucyrcTByroT N(HBbreH MeprBbre MHKpoopfBHHB- r\ilfl pa3BHTHqO6uefi rraraxposJropbl, HOAJrfl
nrcr.Lax, n rJreHKe rauQH"unrpaqrronHbrx Sara xuureqHori na.[o.ri(H H KJTocTpHAHH 3Tofo He sa6.uto.
6aCcefiHos a"ara*o,
I4B[B B AoJrHHep. Apareu Ha orAeJrbHbrxvqacrKax o6sa- AaeTcfl.
pyxeHo 6axrepr.rfi (5-7) 108 xnerox/cu' no- o6qeuy cqery , flo AaHHbrM/I. A. XpucruaHosoir n c.'H. rler<arosofi [g6],
(no Pasyrraony),Hs HHx HHrparHbrx tbr-l0u- r.r ;y"rorrpeAy- 6accefisax oAHofi Hz cncreM B pario"e
iil,qilTparrnoHnbrx
IlupyroqHx I 02-- I 03 x.uerox/cu3. trpHoaJrrHr(uqepe3 c"uoli necKa (neponrHo, H nireHxH)
nocryndJro B rroA3eMHbre 10^,.*
olo nnero*
B oAuoft ?r3 cucrenaLIBTIB pafion a rlpu6arrraKl (uo - .qan- BoAbt 32 4nronna"*"o"u,
HbrM B. Vcouese, oxrR6pl, l gTd r. ) Ha rnv6 u:rreT a B onuruofi ycraHoBKeapyror? -ot cncreMbr HBIB B cKBax(H_
o, aru
6accefiH?. (np, KoHr{eHrpar{HH Ha-AHe 6aicefisa 6nno "" Hax eo4osa6opa e 30 y uH0u"rllrparlnoHHoro6acceriua
Bo[e-
pocnerir 44,9 M{1. xngro:x/n) Haxo4aJrocr,26,9 MJrH.xnerox/.n, o6uapyxeHo t-3 0/s x,,rerox eoAopoeneri (20_80 Krr€.,
9lqg
a Ha rny6une 20 cpr 6uno 25 rwc. xnero,x/"u,T. €. ua rny6aue TOK/MJI) COACP)I(AHH'I B 6ACCCfiHC. TIPU ACCTPYKIIHH MHKPO.
Bcefo 20 cM 3aAepxnBaercfi 99,94 0lo KJreroK BoAop6cJefi. opraHH3MoB,3aAeP)xuBaeMble BeqecrBa nocryllffT B BoAoHoc-
_ uufi fopusoHr. Tax, n noA3eMHbreBoAu cncreMbr Agng
flo onuraM 15 noq6pfl roro >l<eroAa BoAopocnefis 6iccefiHe
6uno 16,6 MJrrr. x.uerox/n (na AHe. 22,{ MJrH. r.rreror/n) .AoJrHHbr. p. Aparnrz ("rrero_1979r.) rocrynrrJro (nq HaIrrHM
,
a Ha rny6une 20 cu - 6 ruc. KJreror(ln, r. e. 3aAepx(HBaJrocb AaHHbtM),uono.rrHHTeJrbHO cop, B raon"qecr"e 1,6 *r/r;
rny6aue 20 cM oKorro 99,97 0lo BoAopocnefi. Fia TOpbrMHaBTOpaMHs Apyr?rx Mecrax oTMegaeTcff3HaqHTeJrbHo "ano.
I? rny6uue
20 gy npeo6,rra r,ailn A,aroMo'BbreMeJrKHeBoAopocJrl{. oo/rbrrreenocTy[JIeHHe.
vrnncran [/reHKa gHepruqHo BaAep]I(HBaeT I4urepecHbrecBeAeFr'rro BJrHflHp*r 3oHbragpau'H Ha oq'cr-
Kr{Iueqgyrona-
3arpnBHeHHH rrrreHKr{ (xonn-unaexc> r{y BoAbr npHBeAeHbr B pa60re I-. A. [lnHa (1970). fIpH frpo_-
{ol{y.: ^ Ipq ^ -cq.!!l{oM
>20 000--400000) sHr'rHBaHHe .rucrofi soAofr B na6oparop.,.' AOJI>KHTCJIbHOCTITTIOJIHBA CTOIIHbIMH BOAAMH HA IIOJIffX OPOUIC.
Hbrx onbrrax rrpuAuJr..KaJrucb
npoAoJrxaJrocbno.iru 20 CyT,
cyr, nOKa
noKa I(OJII,I_TLITp HHs B reqeHne cel\jn Auefi r{ MorrlHocrrlsoHbraepaqan 2'_S
IIOLITI4 ZU r(oJII,r-TLITp
i u
B BbIxoASIIIeIZBo4e !!p!cra"rl coorBercrBoBarr |OCT 2874-73. 6axrqpnzJrbHo,esafpfl3HeHneHe AocrunaJro,BoAoHocHoro
ropn-
ll'o AaHHbrMc. H. t{exanoeofi e uugu.ubrpauuoHHoM 6a,c- 30HTa. BHXHsaeMocrb xHrue.IHOftnaJroqKHnpH 9TOM
6Una
ceftiie cucreMbr I,IB|IB Sa.rresepc B nJreHKena rn'y'6une I cnr ij,.r'riu'i'v
n lft nft
lvi€{-}tiia.
n/rar'rorr o TT^tt
i.rp'{r sapax{eHlipi BoAoHocHc}fo ropHgoHTa KI{-
6u,ro eo4opoc.uefi oKoJro g M/rH. x,rerox/cua (3;b urfcu3), rue.lsorl nanoqxor? Bbrx<HBaeMocrb ee 6wna oxono 3,5 *aa.
a Ha r4y6^uu.e10-15 crM Hx y)Ke yMeHbrrinJrocb'Ao0,1 MJrH. AarrHrre HccJreAoBannfi,.uo.
oqncrKe BoA B sgHe aaparll{H, trpo-
r.uerox/crvr3(0,128 ur/cvr3), r. e. s-30 pa3, Ha r.rry6uue I cir,t BeAeHHbrx n GIIIA, aHa.uornqHbr
AaHHbrMf. A. IIt;;.--
X { H B b I X K J I C T O K 6 U N O O T M C I I C H Og 5 H H A T N Y 6 U H C 1 O - I 5 \4rax, npu HailHLTHH nJIeHKHH KoJrbMaT ar\fiu Hax(eJrex(a_
CM -
60-70 0/0, r. e. c r,rrydnHoli coKpauaercfl He roJrbKo KoJrH-
qecTBoMr{KpoopraHH3MoB, HO OHHH OTMHpaIOT.
CneAo,eare/rbHo,cyulecrBeHHyropoJrb rlpu yfiyqrueunu xa-
IIecrBa BoAbr Hfpaer nJreHr(a.flpu cpH,rrrrpaqun
qepes'[JreHKy: J

3 a t, r )e Df l K H B A K ) T ' C f l R 3 B e I I I e T { H h T P t T 2 C T I r l I R r u 6 n r r r t r r rrut r rt vr n ' nl n! v r r rt vr yr rrl \rw.vi_l ^ -

opraHlrsMoB; t(poMe rofo, B nJreHKe a,(cop6pipyercfi pfiA
pacrBopeHHbrxBeil{ecrB H', B rlacrHocru, ToKcHqHbrx14 Hex(e.'
JIareJIbHbIx.IIp" zH$HnnrpaquH Hs 6accelisa qepes rrJreHKy BoAa nofl_yrrafiacbMyrHoBarafl. (npospaqHocrb 25 cM)
Aax(e
H 3OHy aspaUHH eMyabfHpoBaHHbre ueQrenpoAyKrbr o6uqH0, B BoAo3a6opnuxcKBax{HFrax.
3aAeplKHBaloTcfl. TaxHrra o6pasonn,orreBr.rAr{o,
rITo nJreHKaH 3oHa agpauHII
HMCrcT BAXHOC 3HAqCHHC T,JIfr Y/IYqIUCHHfl KAqCCTBA
BOAbI,
7A
7l
Ho 6onee onpeAeJreHHoo6 yJryqrueHnn KarrecrBa BoAr,r npn 6. yflyq[I EHil E ,KA[IECTBA BOAbI
Sunrrpaquu qepe3 AHo 6acceliua rB 3oHe aopaIIHH MoxHo B B O A O H O C T T OnM
OPH3OHTE
cyAHTbno onbrraM B r{arype AJrfl KoHKperHbrx.ycnonHfi.
flo HccJIeAoBaHHfiM nocJrenHux JreT BbIffBHJrocbBJrHflHrre OEIIIHE NOflOXEHI4I
MHKpoopraHH3MoB Ha xnunqecxnlTrcocraB noA3eMHbrxBoA
B cucreMax VIBIIB H e oco6ensocru npu.pa6ore uuQn,urrpq- B BoAoHocHbIxropa3oHTax B pflAe cflyrlaeB Moxer IIpoHc-
uHoHHbIx6accefiHos.B oAnor?H3 cHcreprI4BIIB c uusnnbrpa- xoAHTb ecrecrBeHFloeyryrlueHue KarlecrBa BoAbI. Ho TaKHe
UHoHHsIMH 6accetiHanaun pafioue fTpu6anrt:r^r HCO| yBeJIlI' BO3MOX(HOCTH OfpaHHrIeHbI, IIOSTOMyB COOTBeTCTByIOIIIHX CJIy-
qaHX noAgeMHylo B_o_Ay, rloJlyqeHHylo H3 BoAosa6op'on, Heo6xo'
rlHrrocb c 231 Ao 261 nar/n, a SO?- yMeHbIIIHJrocbc 31,4
A H Mo yJr yqI I I aTb. I , I cxoAHaf l f loBepxHocr Haf l BoAa no'cTynaer
no 26,2 rur/"u,ral(x{e yMe'HblxHnocrNHT c 0,22 Ao 0,14 rr,tr/n
B B o AoHocHuli r opt 43ol{r c Hnt lr o>xHot ?, M yr Hocr blo ( 1- 3 yr / l)
H POI- c 0,05 Ao 0,025 rrar/,rr.B cucreMe I4BilB AorII4HbI H c re,rufieparypofi, 6l,tvtsr<ofiK [oRepxHocrl{blM noAana. B or-
p. ApareH Cop,yBe.[HqHJIocb c 4,7 Ao 6,1 l,rr/n. A eJrbHbI xcf lyqar x AonycKaer cf l He6ont uloe or I {JI oHeHHeno Ka-
flo AaHHnu B. B. Byaa H P. JI. Eeccerta (1975, CIIIA), qecrBy BoAbIor rpe6oeaHur?
f OCT 2BT4-73. I(povre roro,
B cncreMe 14BnB ,IIy66oxe (rurar Texa,c) orMeqeHo yBeJII{- B TeqelHHe KOpOTTKHX nepHOAOB BpeMeHH I-OAa MOlKer 6url
qeHue 6nxap1oHaroB Ha 150 14 yMeHblxeHr.recynr$aro,n
3H ar r HTeJr bHoxylKe yKa3aHHbI x r pe6onaHHt i Aa>Ke no xHM H-
Ha 80 nrr/n. 3ro cBflsbIBaror c AesreJrbHo,crbroMr{Kpoopra- qecKn BpeAHbIM r{oMnoHeHraM. flpu AeHreJIbHoM nocrynJIeHI{H
Hrz3MoBH, B r{acrHocru, cynr$arpeAyrlnpyroulux 6axrepurl. 3afp r 3HeHuor i BoAbI B BoAoHocHuf i r opH3oHT paccr lnTblBar b
KoHqeHrpaunrrMHKpoopraHu3MoB B nJraHKToHeuu$unrrpa- Ha HaAJrex(au{ee ecTecTBeHHoeyIyqueHHe ee KarIecTBa He cJIe-
rlnorlHbrx 6accefiHoe BJrHfler raKx(e 13 pesyJrbrare yMeHbIIIe- Ayer. PaccnaorpHM Bo3MoxHocrH yflyrluleHur Karlecr,Ba BoAbI
HHrr r4x pacxoAa. 9ro orMerraer feQepr Kaponz ( 1976 r., B BOAOHOCH'OM rOpH3OHTe.
Beurpun). flo ero AaHHbIM,iltrrr paccMarpuBaeMor\o o6rema
HaMLI BbIIIHCJIeHO, IITO BJIHflHI4e MHKpOOpIOHH3M'OB Ha OCna6"ne' Y/IYqIIEHI E TE/{NE PATYPbI I4CXOAHOH BOAbI
Hue SHnbrpaqHoHHbIx 6accefruoBeKBHBaJIeHT-
ceor?crerrJreHKH
MYTHOCTI{ HA 6
HO VB€A'IHTI€HHTO UT/N, qTO flB.IIflCTCff 3HAqH. B 3aBHcHM ocr H or KJI pI M ar HqecKnxycnoenf t H cegoHa no-
TC/IbHbIM BepxHocrHafl BoAa l4Meer reMneparypy or 6nusxofi. K 0
B A o / r H H ep . A p a r e n x o e s @ u u H e H rS H n r r p a q n u n J I e H K H , Ao +25'C a 6o.nee. OAuaro reMneparypa BoAbI, n'o,crynnB-
no Har[HM AanHbrnrn B. IO. fere,uaurBHJtr4, B cpeAHeMcocTaB- urefi B BoAoHocuuirropt{3oHr. BbtpaB}ILIBaer,cfl,
npu6nH)Kaflcb
Jrrer 0,011 na/cyr, 6axrepnr:r B nJreHKe0,6 MJIH. xnerox/cua 'oAHoli K reMneparype no:13eMHblx BoA. Ha puc. I noKa3aHo H3Me-
14 no4opoc,nefi 1,5 MJrH.x"nerox/"n. B nJreHKe )Ke HeHr4ereMHepaTypbl noB_epxHocTHblx H [oA3eMHbIxBoA B Te-
rro ^rr^maf,r T,,TEtT-TR TJntr6 o fi+rrrrfi b,T,T,t [ra rrrtrrrtLrr-r ^^r'rrFtlD tTdrrn'n y. lynnn?Er y ' n r^ n 6 n ^rr^T^rf,6 TrTTlTJR rr rrc Dn rrrr,r.r.rq Kxzour.rcr n P,tln6,a-
fLS UflLiUlvi rLuttu r^yrrvqdrTHKVL ?Tfi Beur].ri=rir-rpi L-vLia.ctr,i/-rr-vl I \JACI .E Lrl\. lL.MU r Lu\ Lu AtLrr D\,tAvurlqvrr\vLLrLtL L . srrv\rcl-

coorBercrBeHHo0,00056 u/cyr (n 20 pa3 rr,reutue); l,l MJIH,
Krrero6/cM3(e 2 pa3a 6onture) u l5 nrnu. r.rlerox/"n(e l0pas
. B o6oHx cryrlaflx BoAa B nu0u.nlrpauHoHHble 6ac-
6o.rrnure)
cer?Hu nocrynaJra ocBerJreH*afl,.Ouenu4Ho, uro IIo'BbIIrIarb
Su,urrpar{HoHHbrecsor?crsa nJIeHKHHyxHo cHHX{eHHeM KoJIH-
rlecrBa KJIeroK MHKpoopr^'aHH3MoB B BoAe 6accet?Ho,e. B pe-
3yJIbrare noc"rleAHHXHaluHx Hcc,'IeAoga:g-ufL BbIffBJIeHo,rITo
6onluroe noBbIIIreHHe KoFIueHTpaIIaH rpu,rrltpattJIaHKToHa
B uHSn.nmpauHoHHbIx6accer?Hax cHLIN(aer xoeSSUIIHeHT
t
AeHa. floeepxnocrFlble BoAbI HMelor aMnJIHTyAyxo,re6auug
TeMneparypbl oKoJIo l7uc, a noA3eMHbIe - Bcero 4"C.
H a p H c . 1 0 n o K a 3 a H oH 3 M e H e H Hree M n e p a r y p b l B o A b I n p n
QH.utrparfitr krs o3epa B BoAoHocHbIenecKH B 3aBHcHMocrH
or paccroflHur or uuQnnnrpal{HoHHoro6accerlua H BpeMeHI{
npe6unaHun BoAbI B BoAoHocI{oMropu3oHTe.flpra Ha.raillHoli
reMneparype l3"C noBepxHocrHaflBoAa npuo6pe,rrareMIIe-
parypy noAseMHbIXBoA Ha'p_accrorHl{I42tr5 v or uH$uJlbrpa-
unoHnclro6accefiua qepe3 27 cyr npe6ltoaHun B BoAoHocHoM

BJrHflerHa pacxo4 r.rnQnJlbrpalruoHHblx

6acceftHon. crosHHH90 nr qepe3 1 l cYr.
Taxuna o6pasovt, trPH LIcKyccrBeHHoMBocTIoJIHeHHHnoA-
seMHbrxBoA H3 peKH reMneparypa nocrynusulel?noBepxHocr-
nofi soAu o6uqHo craHoBuTcfl6.nHgxofiK TeMneparypeecrecT-
BeHHbrx noAseMHbIXBOA. IIpn 3HaqHTe/IbHbIX rOne6aHUgX
73

llnc' 9' HelreHeHru___lgyn"parypbr
BoAbr
p. Pefina (/) H HcxyccrBeino-
bocno.nirs^- ns osefa nllr qnnurpaqgg
eMblx no,{3eMHblx
lon
HBIrB Anrr BoAocHoorG"iTe) r iuiriu_e
s;'i;ii"H
".
.
reMneparypbrno'BepxHocrHbrx
BoA ( r g-25.c)
BOCTIOJIHfCMbIX
IIOA3CMHbIX BOA HSMCHffETCff
1+ I I oC,Ho,raure2+B.C trali.T) .
tL i nL 0
yqera Bcex Heo6xoAr4Mbrxyc.noenfi noKa 3arpyAHfler noJry-
qeHHe HaAex(Hbrxre'operHqecKHxperueuufi.
A,ns npu6nuxeu-
10 HbIX PCIIIEHUfi HX MO)KHO NPHMEHflTb, HO NPH IIPOCKTHPOBAHHH
e HoBbIxo6lexroB ilyque rroJrb3oBarbcraHaJrofarran.V"rrytruleuge
Telu[eparypbl IIoBepXHOCTHbTxBOA npn r4cKyccrBeHHoM BocrloJr-
uf Ln
t20 /60 Z00n HeHHH BaX(H'Ono fI4fHeHnqecKHMrpe6ooaHHflM, a raKx{e
0 TexFrHqecKHM ycJroBHrM-ueo6xoAnMocrb noAo.rpeBarb eoAy
4 I 7 . 2 / 6 2 0 2 4
Bpenn,c'ym, sHn{or?rIrfl 6Hroeoro H TexHHqecKoroHcnoJIb3oBaHHfl,,npe.q,-
oxpaHer{HfBoAonpoBoAHbrx 3JTeMeHTOB OT 3aMep3aHr{t,B oco-
puc. r0. HsnreneHne
reMneparypbr noAbl 6eunocrH rrpr4cuJrbHbrxMopo3ax. .Ilerou IloBepxHocrHbreBoAbI
B cpeAHe3ep-
Hrcrux lecKax (no rI. H. 6o- Moryr nponpenarbcffao 20"C u 6o"nee,a HcKyccrBeHHo Boc[oJr-
"o.q6roc""r*
rouagoBy)
r{rreMbreBoAbr o6u.rHo HMe}or reMrreparypy, npu6nusHTeJrbHo
IIpu Hauanruofi reun-e^pal:yp_e
noBepxHocr.
Hblx BoA: .f_13. C; Z_19" g' paBHyro,cpeAHero4o.nor:r
reMneparype Bo3Ayxa,rrro AJrs nHTbe.
Bbrxrlereli 6onee npneM.rreMo.
reMneparypa yr yll III E HVE cAH I'ITAPFIo -EAKTEPI4o/I of I4tIECK:HX
B NPCACJIAX
NOKA3ATE/IEH
t

Ta6ur.rqa4. HsueNeHHereMneparypbr rroBepxHocTHbrx Ilpnt Qn,rrtrpaqnn B BoAoHocHbrxrrecKax Molr{er npoucxo-

BoA
npn ficKyccTBefl
HOMBOCIIO.|IHeHktr.r AHTb yfiyrrureHHe caHHTapuo-6axrepHoJrorHrrecKHx
noAseMHbrxBoA IIoKa3are-
,rrer?B pe3yJrbrare oTMHpaHHflMHKpOO,praHH3MOB, a raKx(e
Paccros- Bpeun Teuneparypz, oC I{x aaAepxI4BaHHeu npuJrranaHne rroA BrrnflHr4eM aAre3nu. C.ne-,
HHE OT
uuQHar-
npe6n- Ayer SaMerr.rrb,rrro Mo)Ker r.rMerb Mecro H o6parnrili [po-
rPaIlnos'
B HHq B
BOAoHoc-
qecc- orlrunaHpre. n. 14. Eoro,N{asos (1972)' onncbrBaer
HOro HOI\T nonepx- noA3eM- yryrrrueHHe 6axrepuaJrbHoro,cocraBa BoAbr B BoAoHocHoM
6 a c c e l i u a . roprrSoHTe. H O C T H b I X IT l.IY
M M BOA BOA ropH3oHre npH HBnB. [Io HarxHMAaHHbrM,sTOTBOAOHOCUUft
ropH3oHr ilpr4ypoqeHr( cpeAHe3epHHcrbrM (uacruuHo KpynHo-
fa H u o s e p 75-150 3epHHcTnrrvr) necKaM MorrIHocTbFo oKoJro25 v c xoesslEqneu.
3-20 5-16
Sccen 50 0-25 ToM Qr.rnmpaquu npzMepHo 30 u/cyt H nopucrocrbro 0,2.
Bnc6a.qeu 8-16
230 60-90 0-24 8,5- Ha pzc...I I rroKa3aHorrporleHrHoeH3MeHeHHe KoHrIeHTparluu
lr| c.
tzrO 6axrepuli ypH AB?rx{eHfir.r Bo,qb[. flpoqentnan KoHr{eHTpauHs
200 90 0-20 8*13 6axrepuli 6rrcrpo cHn)Kaercfl rro Mepe .vAaJreuuflor nn6unn-
50 15, 0-25 8-16
85 60 0-25 rparlHoHHoro6^accefiua,a HMeHHO:Ha paccrosuun 20 M npH-
9-10
100 3-20 5-16 MepHo rrepes 2 cyr. oHa cocraBJrfler 10 % repBoHauanrubfi,
200 45 3-23 L-13 a Ha pa,ccroflHr{H 40 M rrepe3 S cyr He npeBbrruaer 5 olo'
50 l5 0-25 5,-I6 n Ha paccroffuptu 140 iiaqepes 46 cyr craHoBgTcfl3garrgTeJrbrro
MeHbuJeI olo.
B Bocroquofi cu6up*r u Ha fl,anrHeu Bocrore Ha pnc. 12 npvtneAeHbl ABa cJryqafl yJryrrilreHgffoKgcJrfleMo-
cccp
orMeqeHbrclry.q,ar,KorAa Ha paccroflHHr4
ZS_100 M or per{r4 ,qTH npH ABHlr{eHHHBOAbrB TOM )I{e BOAOHOCHOM rOpr{3OHTe
T e Mn e p a T y p a n o A3 e MH bIx B on IrD H .gK
_ _ _ _ - -cnJrva
- - J s ^ s r + r rr.,nuv 6o.o.i (no n. 14. 6o,roMasoBy) ; npu aroM orMeqeHbrHsMeHeHHc
1
. rr v v v \ , r r ! , . o .-.r-
L)In
rr,..wvrrtDrpa..',ufirbrx BoAo3ao.opog c ue60nbIIIoli rrt.A<rra r E'/l'1 rIt., r\nr|-LsHnulI rraJlUuKe, D OOOHX CflyqagX ilpH
MouIHgcrblo
3::::T.1ljy-_:T_.-T.iii (ro S.-10yl nwelra
aMnrrnryAy Haqanruofi oKHcJrfleMocrHKoJrH-Tr4Tp6un 0,001, T. e.
xone6dnunB reqeHueroAa Ao 18.C. d;il;;rq;^";;Jil; s 300 000 pas xyx(e rpe6onanui.rArq KoHAHTIHoHHofi
nnrnesofi
npeAJraraercflpaccqHrbrBarbHsMeHeHHe reMfleparypbr rpyHTo- BoAbr;KoHueHrpauHf6axrepHrirrpH sroM 6u,na 40 200 KJre-
Bbrx Bo.qno TeopHu renilo-MacconepeHoca.oaria*.i .leM ro BepxHeMynpeAerry
rox/un, r. e. B t0^2^guq?_xy)Ke,
.nnrilHocTb
AonycruMofono |OCT 2874-73. C.reAoearerrbHo,BoAa.6ttna
74
75
 0 /t^ Ff^-rt.r.^ ^trrt^Amr 6 wF^orrrr
(IAr urlrrr
/ A/^
v
\ rrr.rrrr.tr\nnnt
IYrrrr\yvvyr
ut.reM.'rp
srrrrv.r^vs MO)KHO
700 o'tlI(n r lui/llrylv lJlvll\\JLl

no Qopuy,ue
orrpeAeJrHTb
D \I url

80 L
I (e)
ffo: C"*u,
60 /0 q.

40 f\Ae u - cKo'pocrb oH/rb'Tpa\w, n,t/cyr.

20 J
2
20 qo 60 d0 /00 ru uon
n
0 U
?0
0? + 6 I /0t2/a/6/8
02 q 6 6l0t2l+16tc?022
BpertH, cgm 8Penn,cYm.
Puc. ll. CxuxeHue KoHqeHrpaqnu 6axle-.
pnfi r BoAe osepa npn
Prc 12. Cnu;xeHne .oKr.rclfleMocrrr Bo4bl T a 6 JI H ll a . 5. [Iapauerpbl a!.reBHH (aqcopdqun) xuuleunoft nanoqxn
Sll.nrrpaqun n o3epa npH @nlrrpaqun n cpeAHe3epnri-
CpeAHesepHllCTI'lX necKax B 3aBHCHMOCTH . cTblx necKax npn $HnbrpaIIHH B necxax no Jla6oparopHblMonblraM [35]
OT paCCTOqHHq H IpOAOJI)t(HTeJIT,HOCTH
/ - t t g u e l r e H u e o K t r c J r f l e M o c r l rr t p u H a r r a r b -
@u.nurpaquu noir oxac-nqeMocrH l4 Oz r'/,rln B 3aBHCH-
MOCTH OT- BpeMeHrr $u.nlrpaquu ll pac-
cToflHHfi; 2 - ro x{e, npH r,rarrafiblroji oKHc-
JlreMocrH g or Urfu; J_ro )Ke, B ecrecr.
BeHHbrx ycJroBr.rtx

3arpf3HeHHafl. floc,rre ABH)KeHHffBOAbI B rerreHHe 22,5 cyr

Ha paccroflHnu 180 M oKnc/rreMocrby)Ke,6u.rra 2 vr.O2fn,
KoJrn-rurp- 300, qucJro 6axreprafi Bcero 2 KJreroK/MJr,
T. e. BOAa ng 6awrepnaJrbHbrMnoKa3aTeJrflMyryrl[rHaacb
B 20 000-300 000, craJra orJrurrHortH no oKucJrfleMoiru.
llo A. E. Opa4oncxofi rr E. VI. Mo.noxasorl UTl, H3 npr{-
6.nuxeuHoro perueHuflypaBHeHHfl(l) rpunrrpaqare B rrecKax
c yqero\4 aAreSHHMHKpO,OpTaHH3MOB npn nocroflHHoriBXOAHO,TI
Hx KoHUeHrparIHHC"^ (xnerox/,n) B HcxoAHorzBoAe Mo)I(Ho
onpeAe.nHTb paccroflHHel, ua KoTop_oM ga,,a:Ha.
orHocHTeJrbHafl
KOHqer{TparrHflMHKpoopraHH3MOB e, KJrerOK/A,IIO QOprr,ry"rre

', -: pt - r" ,'.lf '1-4\/ t - c \ r o t 1 (5)

e )' I' B r a6n. 5 npHBeAeHbI He Bce ycJI oBI {f l, Kor opble M or yr
nAe o H B - n a p a M e r p b ra A r e 3 t l u ,M - 1 . B J r H r b H a n a p a M e T p b l a A r e 3 H H K H I U e q H O fn a n o q K H v r , B r I a c T -
HOCTH,He AaHbI TeMneparypa, cocraB BoAbI t't AP. Lns Apyrux
I I a p a M e r p b r a A r e 3 n r r o H B o n p e A e J ilo
r s r HarypHbrM
or MHr {poopr aHHsM oBI { I {x coo6ulecTBa napaM eTpbl 6yayt HHbI e.
HfiH Jra'OparopHbrM onbrTaMno sclprraynairn: OrcrcAa oqeBHAHo, qro B rIpHpoAHbIx ycJIoBHlx MHrpaLlHfl
MHKpO O pTaHH3M O6yler n M Hor oo6pa3FI a.llo ycJI oBHf lr r r, ra6n. 5
6 &_(r_.gd-
q (l -
. (6) H a paccr or r HHH I I M O r \ BnyCKa 3ar pf l3HeHHof i BO AbI I I €pBO - ;
tz- tt c2\ HAIIAJIbHAf KOHUCHTPAUHfl KHIXCqHOIIIIAJIO'TIKH CHI{3HTCffIICPCS
400 cyr , npl4M epHo B 104. Taxne pacr {er bl, KoHer I Ho,I BJI nlor cf
: t l n I I ldt

*. y"A0l YIYq[IEiHI4E COCTABA BOAbI NYTEM

XI4I\4"HqE.CKOTO
'B : /V (8)
OMEIUHBAHI4[
C"*0
rA€ lr tI tz - B p e M f l ; C , 4 Y C, _, O,THOC;I{TEJIbHbIE
KOHUCHTPAUHH
MHK. Com as BoAbr B BoAoHocHoM r opH3oHr e B HeKor opblx cJI y-
p o o p f a H H 3 M o B , r . e . c l c s a , CilC', u Cz/Crr. r{af x Mo}r(Ho yflyrruurb cMeuHBaHHeM QunlrpyeMori noBepx-

t0 77
 !{oc?Hol? ri ecrecrBenrror? noA3eMHofr ,ft
u-t
BoAbr ro OopM}rJre
c
Cs - (Cno"Qooo* Cno,qQn 0,5
oil le", ( l0)
rAe c'' cno,.#.,c'1"^l_:l0HrleHrpaqsn
B noBepxHocruofr- BeurecrBa B BOAe soAosa60pa, 4tl
n ecrecrBeHuo,tnoieeun"Jnil"roa.; "6;;;: q3
pacxoAbrsoAosaSopa,uouep"HoarHoii'" Qu, eoo"
a.ra*rerrsofi noAseMHofi
" BoArrr. 42
ql
paB eH cyMMe pacxoA oB
Qno"
roro, ypaBHeHne AeficTBHTeJrbHo a!
) H 3 H K O - X r { M H q e c K HnXp, o q e c c o B ,
q3
i paccMaTpH B aeMbreK oMrroH eH -
[yqlrHTb KarIecTBO,IIOBepxHo,cT-
ycJto,BHH, rrTo MHHepaJrHgaI\Hn 4I t
bIX W TOKCHIIHbIXKOMIIOHCHTOB
hrr nAK. qt
i

YJIYqIIIEHHEKATIECTBA 6 8 1 0 1 2 1 q / . 5 f i 2 0 2q
2 22628J0 J2 aqJ6 J8 +0 +2 +tt
BOAbI B PE3YJIITNIC . gpena, v
x I,IMHrI ECKOI-O BSAHMOEEV}T BHfl
Pnc. l&. cxeua usMenexHcZ-clc", rpH naKerHoM 3arycKe rIAB (x.ropuoro cyarQa-
Ec'ur np' B3a,MoAeficrnnr BarprrgHr.rreJrfl x o a a ) B B o A o H o c H b tnee c K n n p u C r r " * - l r r r r / 1 ,d o : l u m f l o r p - l m / c y r
_ noBepxHocrHofi
BoAbI c ilo,(3eMHofisoAoft nnu BoAoHocHbrMH 4 - n p n . t - C o f l S 0t , 4 r r l :/ - n p n tn-3 u;'Z-rrpx ln:2q n 3- npn frr:l q; 6_npn
nopoAaMu o6pa- frr-Const 2 c: I - rrpn x:0,4 u: 2 - npH x:O,S u; J-
Syercs HepacrBopHMoecoeA.HI{eHHe, To -nporrecc npH'x:l nr
KarrecrBoBoAbI Mo}Ker
yryquarbcn. B cucreMe I4BIIB
pbIBHO,HO npH ycJroBHr{ to, r{Aer Henpe-
AonycrHlvrorlxouu"rrpuqr{H'3arpfl3HH-
TeJI'fi' KoTopafl onpeAeJlflercfl xnMHrlecwutlu'^ TpaIIHff 3alpfl3'HeHHfl cHHlKaercfl, crpeMtcb K HyJIIo; rpacTeKa-
qecKI{MHpacrleTaMH. O"t"*o:x-1fil- HI{e yMeHbrueHue sarpndneHrrfl 6b.rree :rrpoAo/rx(HTeabHbrfi
f- i-nr vn. I- T
\ vovtvnr , n t rr varty/ rT t-teranrrrrarryr^ r'o'n,,t
r.qr\urrr'rL.fr.l.lL; .wra.ALI1IIvIy lvla KuHl{eH.l'paI\HH 3arpfl3.

EAPbEPHAfl PO/Ib BOAOHOCHbIX |OP,H3OHTOB HHTeJrn,'BBoAe.

'Ha o'cHoBaHHH pe_3yJrbraroBna6oparopHbrx orrbrroB,npH-
f I ' p H K p a r r ( o B p e M e H H b r x( s a n n o n n x ) BeAeHHbIxrB pa6ore [4], BHAHO,rrro Antr pflAa BerqecrB :npH
xHMHqecKHx sa.pflB- 'nPoAonxHTeJrbHOM
H e H r{ fl x :n o ,B e p x H o c TH brx,B_OAK,OrA a y'HHU,3arpr3H
r[OCTynJr u"rens cop6rIHoHHafl
sai pnsH fl ror{ ue B errl ecTB a
c o p 6 H p y l o T c r Bo A o HocH bIMHrl onn nl ,u.u ,nr^' ,7.' ^ ,,^r^ eMKOCTb B 'necl(axAoBOJrnHo6trcrpo Hrcqepnb,IBa_eTcfl
H 32fpg3=
6aprepi ue cnoricrBa u"ao"b.noi" :5 #";;|ff;ff;; HI,ITCJIbHCXOAHOfiI(OHI{CHTPAL\LIH MO}KCTTIOCTYIT}ITb
dil;;;
flcHo BHAHOH3 AaHHbrxJra,6oparopnoio HO CHO |O, f O pI {SO HTaB BO AO a6O 3
Hg BOAO.
p, HO r r r ocJr eI npeKpar qeHHf l r r o-
eKclfiepr*u"ru
Ka3aHHoro Ha pnc. lB. tr{,cxoAHaq Ko,Hrr.e,Hrpaqas_ Ai, ;;: CTYIIJICHHfl3ATPfl3HHTCJIflKOHIICHTPAUHflCIO B BOAO3A6OPE
cynncpanorra ,6*na xJropHoro
(nAB) lrrpzHsra i vrn/.rr; b"*_ II O CTer r eHHo'cHHx( aer cfHeNor
. opble KoM noHe. HTbrKaK, , HanpH-
cKOpOCrb sznrrpa'\HH "L.ior"iroir
no,qu ,6ntna liu*rna Mep, Nacl, n 6o"nr ur uHcr Be BoAoHocHbr xir scKoB He , cop6^pv-
tt : I Mlgyl flocne naKernoro sanycKa nocroqHHOri IoT'cfl. llp n InocTofl HHo M irro cryn JreHHr.r p a c,rBo pH rvrb_rxc op6up y6-
nAfi" rpoao".n'xr.rreJrb_.
Hocrbro 7,2 n 3 u A"c'TnrrnnpoBauHaflBoAa ,noAaBaJra,cb,c Tofi Mbrx 3aFpf3Ha'renefi
KoHrlerrrparluer?
60nrure nAK nbAoHoc-
HbI e nopoAbl, KaK [ I paBHJr o, He M or yr '6ur l gaulHTof i, TaK : KaK
ffijfr,y::y,*,y,IT^.:l:.-.!:_?T9."orrbrra
Br.rAHo,,rrro
npr nx cop6'IlHoHHafl eMKOCTbO,rpa,HHrl-ena.pac.rer Sarqr.rrbl or
r\lJ6t. I

HH'I Ha\cryrraer rro3AHeer{ ero {0uueirpaqus ,$rnkaercri.npH MoxHo Becrrano cxeMe, npH,BeAeHHofi
B pa6ore [g]. Bperyrn
oAHOMr{ ToM'x(e pa,ccrofiHHH (O,nura) MaKCr{MyM BoAbror aHsnllrpallHoHHono cobpyxeHus (6aiceft-
ABHx(eHHfl
sarpssHe_ Ha). K 'noAoea'6opy
t6: (L6n^)lao,. rAe Lo
:3:i: I9I.l:IfPfyH rroBbrrrraeTn Brvrecre,cnpoAorrxHrerrb. pac,croflHgeo,r
rlorsrblosanycxa 3arpfl3Hen,nft.g o#rx'G;i#""^or"r" uu$untrpaqnoHH-oro coopyx<enun (6accer?Ha)
a.o
npovrrlerofi .r,Hcr,ofi,Bogi66rracrynaer Aecop6rl"i i. c u6 - cKopocrbsHnlrpaqHH;fla t- aKrHB,Hafl ""AorrO"p"l
r.6nuar. rropHcrocrbIIo-
7B 79
 poA BoAoHOcHono 'cJloffi npn gToM t*^*:ta*O,\tb rAe tn rlpu npoeKrr4poBaH.ur
lnepLIoAKparKOBpeMeHHOrO u co-3AaHuH
soH casurapHofioxpa:
3arpfl3HeHHrr. H br cJr eAyeT yqf lTbt Bar b BoSM O X{HO CTb KpaTKO BpeM eHHO r o3aJI _
flpuHuvraercfl ,ycJroBaet^^;ltn> 15, rorAa MaKcuMaJrbHyro [IorBoro 3arpflgHeHr.rr BoAbr, rnocrynarcUerl .B ,cu,creMbl I4BilB,
:KoHrIeHTpa(HroC^^* 83BeIrreHHbIxrIacrHII,
orHocaTeJrb'Hylo a TaKlKe paccqHTbr Bar b yf lyqur eHHe Kaqecr Ba BoAbr npH Kpar =
nocrynarorqHx B BOAO3a6Op, MOX(HO ,BbI,qH,ClHTb
rno sopMyJre K OBpeM eHHO M 3a'f pf l3HeHr {H.B f AP B pacqer ax inpH 3aJr r r oBbr x
(cuuran A'crrepc'ro BAo/rboA'HoMepHoro noroKa) [29]:^ 3arpflgHeHllflx. peKoMeHAyercfl gcrrroJrb3oBarb .6onee npocrble
c]nu*:o,b cBr 3H, qeM B Q opuy. ne ( I I ) , H, no- BHAHM oM y,Ba cqer ocpeAHe-
f*t + H Hf l Her ( or opbr x napaM er poB ( Dt , le ^ ar ) .
L n/ ,,(k-o,br,,) llpuuep 2. Onpe4en'r.rrb .Aony,cruuufi ,MaKCr.rMyrM
V \ur / yxyA[reggs Kaqecr3a
BoAbI C-"* so,(osa6opanpu sarnoeonasarpnsHenur.r. i,i;ioAila-'naHHbre
attn npHMeMcJreAyroulHe:
* erf (ll) noBepxHocrHarr BoAa Arrfl HBl]!_glpe,qxa cotrepxgT
rpe4uufi KoMnoHeHr c KoHrleurpaquefi. 2 urln npu IIAK:O,S *i|r; npo-
AoJrlr(HrerrbHocrb 3arpfl3HeHua 25 cyr (nocne^eroio nepnoAaBoAa yx(e He
coAepxur . BpeAHor o KoM noueHr a) i
--0 , 024 r u/ cyr ;r c: 1, 5; - o6: 0, 5 u/ cyi; n^: 0, 8b; p_
nae erf (z) - o6oraHaqeHlleLlHrenpaJra'BeporrrHocr,r,r
(SyHxuun Kpal,rna - F: 0, 1i La: I 00 il.
ra,6ynuponana): erf (z) : l-erfc(z) ; Cmax:C^^*lCr*; C-u* - MaKcr.rMaJrb- Pacqer. I4uegy ( 100.0,35)/0,5+0,S.2b :82,5 cyr. TorAa
t^u*ltn no.ryr{HM-3,5<15. _./r_nu*_:
floaronay pesyJlbrarbr pacqeroB oKa3brBarorcfl
u r:r) q9l [n"(l+B) ], rAe B - npH6nllxeHHbre. Onpe4e.nn(:Nr emax uo' Sopuy"rre(l l) :
ro_eQQ_uqfieHrpacilpeAefleu,r.rfl
BsBerxerHHbrx
qacTHLlB paiBHoBecnbrxycJrorBr.rrx; ColNo, rle Co-,H y'y'0-
F: coOTBercrBeH_ 0,5.0,1
Ho nrpeAeJrbHbre pziBflrp;gscHble B rpacrBo,peu cop6eHTe,orHe-
KoHueHTparrHr,r
ceHHbreK eAHHHUenopoBoro npocrpaHcrBa; Dr H D2
vl -

+
0 , 3 5( l . 0,,l )
::0r 13; Dt:'ffi:o'0062;
xoeQQHqueHTbr
-$oprr,ry.ne
{qcgepc.yv. Ip_H cop6quu u . Aecop6qlrn, onpeAerrffeMbreno-

f'
0,13.25
Dpllna(l+B)1, nAe D - x,oaQg,r.rqueHr
4rzcnep,cuu;k:D2f D1. C."*:0,5 rf , +
pac'croflHHfl Lo InpH AO[yCTr.rMOr?
ornpe4e"rreHHe KOHTIeHTpa- 0,0062(#+o,u.r,
L{HH'B3BeuIeHHbIx
qacrurl C*r* ,B BoAoga6opeMo}KHo\flofly,r{HTb
k13yKasaHHoro Bbr'ue ypaBHeFHffnyreM noA6opa kt, B ,rracr- . f 0 , 4e r f 0,13.25
HocrLI,Ino'crpoeH,HeM
rpaQnKoB C*u*:f (Lu). Ha 4eficrayrc- loo
IIIH). n n n n \ / ) t r { rerH\ vl tr cr rl lv r l \ rnr tl r/ rv^ vf -r-J. ^ t . i l 1I ul .o t,
fr
rrar\4tnramnov nvnf,drrrrrv
rrqy(,rryr\;Iyc(/\r.crl\vArLrr\rl/\
h
It
4l/
- t K . ov ' nv vnv uo o /
- ,v - nv ^, v .' - ov * \
l/
O, ta
$opvry.rry(l 1), onpeAeaflercflKoH'ueHrpauunsarpffsur.rreJrfl \
: 0 , 5 ( e r f. 0 , 3 7+ e r f . 0 , 3 1 :) 0 , S( 0 , 4 0 , 9 4 ): 0 , 8 7 ;
J

C-r* (n ao4osa'6ope). +
Pacqer C^?* (np" cop6fipoBaHHvr) rraoxnotsecru[ro rpa- C * u *- 2 . 0 , 3 7: 0 , 7 4 v r l n < n , n K( 0 , g n a r / . r r ) .
Snry ,112
pHC.14: flo.rryueuuufipeey.rrtrar npoBepnM
no rpaQnKyHa pwc. 14.
q.: a 6 t n | l [ n o L a( t * F ) l ; (12) 0,5.25.0,1 o'024
-0,032; 6- -0'00048'
6 : Dl@qfd. (13) 0 , 3 5 .1 0 0( l + 0 , 1 ) 0,5 ioo
cmax flo rpaQnKyE*"*: 0,36,rorAa
C n , u *- 2 . 0 , 3 6 : 0 , 7 2 v r l n < n A K ( 0 , g n , r r / . n ) .

qq
4t
a2
ql
0
I
s' S sS s \
s s
s s '
> b

S s S.'S S \ Oo
;s d

P n c . 1 4 . f p a $ u x $ y u x r t u uC * * " - f ( o , 0 )

80
8l
 - /
F - ^ ^ ^ lrr frt\n t{r},*rrhA
I Il I' TB d Y I. II rU trA I N Y U trA H K Its, N gK C TIJI Y A TA U H fl
HHOHJrbTPAIIHOH Hbtx 6ACCELlHOB loT TarKofi,uro6u g '6accerlHqepes Aau6nr He npoHHKaJrHfia-
B O A K O B b sToeA b r . 3 a n o x e H H e , o r K o c o B ' 6 a , c c e l i H onsp r { H H M a r o r
'B SaBHCr{MOCTH Or CsOfiCTB ,npyHTOB. oAHn H3 rOprIOBbrX OTKO-
l. KoHCTPyKIIHIT coB 6accefiua Ao,Jrx{eH6urr 6onee iroJronr{M,qeM ocraJrbHbre.
3a.noxgHue erro o'rtpe4e.uflercfl ,BO3Mox{Hocrbio cbegAoB H
BbC3AOB MAIIIH'H LT MEXAHHSMOB, H.ONOJIb3YCMbIX TJIfl ACI{OJrb-
Mara'rIHHAHHrrIa.IJsor4a cbe3AbrH BteBAbr rrpeAycMarpuBaror
Ha til'poAoJrbHbrx
orKocax 6accefiHa.
orxo'crt 6a'ocefiHoBKarr,HTaJrbHofo
rzna Kpenrr 6erouuutvrr.r
rrJrr4xeneed6eroHHbrMr.rnJruraMH (puc. 1t5). .tlro6u o6esne-
rrr{TbycroriuuBocrb KpeureHHfl y rroAoruBbrorKoca,
Tr.Ina rpeAcraB/rfler co.6ofi HcKyccrBeuHoeyrJry6Jreur{eB B}rAe }crp?HBs-
ror ;6opArop.floa lnJrr.rraMuyKJraAbrBaror ApeHa]r{nufi- cnolt
rpaBnfl, mpeAoxpaHflroulufi xpenneHnflor rro'BpexAeuufiB sHM-

He Kpenflr HIIH BbInoJI'HflIoro6nerqeuuoe KperrJreHr{e. Oco6ofi

pa3HOBHAHOCTbTO 6accefiHon fBJrflrorcfl 6a,ccefiuu, coopyx(ae-
Mbre B rpannftHo-fa.rreqHlrKoBbrx orJro)KeHHffX(i rpainanofi
sarpysxofi AHa HJ\H6es nee), KoropbreMoryr o6.rralaft KoH-
crpyKTHBHbrMH OCO6eUUOCTflMtT 6accefiHoeKaK KanHTaJrb,Horo,
TaK H O6,nerqelrHofo 'fHnoB. iloc,ueAHeeBpeMf
fioflyqaroT pac-
npocrpaHeHr{eraKX(e <<TpaBflHbre)> 6accefiuu (na Hx orxocax
I{ AHHII{aXKyJIbTHBHpV}orcfi cneqr{aJrbHbre Br{AbrBoAoycroitqu-
Bbrx rpan)
I,IH0HnrrparllroHHbre 6accefiHu HMeror,KaK npaBuJro,npfl- Pnc. 16. 6accef,H KannraJrbHot o rHna ( n o n e p e v n u f i p a s p e s )
MoyfoJrbuyp 'QopMy B trrJraHeH rparreqer.rAaJrbHoe (,pexe Inpfl- / - norponHbre orJroxeuut; 2 - rpyHT ao4ouocuofi r o n u l n ; 3 - 4 p e u a x u u f i clofi; 4 -
M o v r o J l b u o e ) . f i o l l l e D e q H o e w r T n n n n . r r h - r { n t rc p q t r , H r { q ' - D n . xelego6eronHbre nJrHTrr;, 5 - 6op4rop; f ' - n p p q 2 g q q . ? r F n v e k q
/'oa'cceu'HoB
B trlJraHeAOJIX(HbI OTBeqaTb gKOrrJIyaraqHoHHbIM al lJ
rpe6onaHr{flM H COOTBeTCTBOBaTb nporflx{eHHocrH KaIrHTaJrb-
Hbrx coopyx{euuft. Ha'KpynHbrx ycraHoBKax,ACKy,OCTBeHHOTO
BO'|CnOJTHeHHfl yCTpaHBa'rOT 6agcefi,HurlxHpHHOir nO AHV l5-
30 M 14Ananoft 200-400 M. f.ny6nHa 6accefiua BaBH-cr4r or
rHAPOreoJrorHqecKHX, rO,nOrrpBQUUeCxzx n KJ|r4MaT,H'qecKHX yC-
nonurl; qaue ee Ha3Haqalor 1,5-3 M r{'pexe 3-4 ir,rn 6on-ee. Prc. 16.Cxeuu noAaqn BoAbr
Ha uHQn.nrrpaqaK)
flpu cna6onpo'HuuaeMbrx,rroKpoBHbrx It
orJroxeHzflx AHHuIa6ac- o - aapaquoHuufi xacxa4; 6 -
cefiuos Bpe3arorcfl B xopouo ,(rHnnrpyrcrrrue;no,poAbrHa rJry. pas6pusnnaarcrrlne connai / -
raasrnft paciipeAeJrr{reRssrrll
6uny He ueuee 0,3 M. O6ulas ,rny6HHa 6a,ccefinaor ,qHurda qpv6onpoaol; ? - eaAeprxra;
3 - noAsoAsutuft rpy6onpoBoA;
AO Bepxa orKoca AoJr)KrHa InpeBbrrrrarbrny6Hny ero HarroJIHe- 4-BoAocrHB; 5-soao6oft-
H H f l ' H eM e H e eq e M H a 0 , 5 u . qufi KonoAeq sa KacKaAoM;
- nacnpeAerHreJrbHbrft rpy-
O 6 s a r o s a H l 4 e6 a c r c e f i i r o g r B b r r r o J r H f f r o T ' r p y ' u r o u , , H 3 B J r e g e {6onposoA;
H- 7 - passoAsurue
HbIM HB TBbIeMKH 8 - pas6pue-
npu HX crpouTeJlbcrBe.Ha BaratrrJlaBaeMbtx rpy6onpoaogu; - THBaTIIIHe COnJ|a
B lnept4o{rIrsBo/[KoByr{a,crKaxBbIc,oTyo6eanon a:Hwflinpr{HHMa.
82
aa
 HI4ftnepuo1,.Eaccefiurr o6"[er.reHHofo rgna pacxoAbl, qlpeAi,tfipeN<Aarb
L
r rnl /A n C t.n
vrrrr r
nr.\/'raDnrt
rrv\_u-f)vilI iix nepeiror-rHeHHe,
a npH
^ seo6xoAu-
TpaB, yrarKoir, yKJraAKofiue6Hfl H rDaBHrr_ MoicrHH rnP.eAorBpauaTb pasMbrBNta laccefiHa.
IJxoAHoH ygeJr uH$unrrparlzoHHoro 6a,c,cefiHa
AoJr)r(eH
I4MCTb YCTPOI?"CTNO,
NPH KOTOPOM MOX<HO BbITIOJIHflTb .CJICAYIO.
rrlHeonepauHH:
's .nrc6orlMoMeHrpa6orur
6accefiua HsMeprrb noAasaeNrufi
B Hefo pacxoA;
nepeA sano/rHeHneM6ac,ceriHa Ao npeAenrHofi oruerKu yc-
TAHABJII{BATbSAAAHHbII:I
PACXOA BOAbI HIIH H3MCHflTb 9TOT PAC.
xoA e coorBercrBHHC saAaHHbrrvr
rparQuxou pa6oru 6a,ccerlua;
a'BTOMaTH'r{eCIKH
[IOAAepx<HBaTb ga,no.rlueHue6a,c,ceftHaBo_
BOAOHOCHbIX
OTJION(EHHflX
Y AHA 6ACCCT1HAC NPHMCCbIOIICCKA Aofi_ae mpeAeJrbHoro
ypoBHfl.
H MeJrKOSeMa,
a TaK)KenpH rpanufiuofi 3acbrnKec necKoM KoHcrpyKrr4BHueoto6euubcru BXoAHbrx ysJrolB AoJrx(Hbr
COOTBCTCTBOBATb:
Tr{lny pacIIpe4enure"nrsori cerH, KOTOpan Mo]Ker BbritroJI-
Hflrb'crrsaxpurofi (us npoJro)r(eHHbrx'g
serrafierpy60nposoAos)
u ,orxpurofi (us raHa.non);
KilHMATNI{C.CKHM YCJIOBHffM (N
PAfiOUAX C AJIHTC/IbHbIMH
NCPIZOAAMH OTP}T'qATCJIbHbIXTCMNCPATYP
BCC 3JICMCHTbI BX.OA-
HbIX Y3JIOB AOJI}KHbI 6UrN 3AIIIHIqCHbI OT INPOMCPSAHUN);
oco6euuocrflMycrpoficrsa 6accefiHos;
Ha3'HaqeHHoMy pe)r('HMy,[oAaqH BOAbr,e 6a,ccefiH.
fI,pH KoHcrpyH,poBaHHH 'BxoAHbrxyBJroB Heo6xoAHMo
y.{14-
TbIBarb Mar(cr{Maluuufi pacxoA 6accer?ua,BogMo)r(HyroaMII.
JIHryAy rone6aHns pacxoAoB, Aotny,crqMyro BerHrrHHylrorepp
ilanopa npH ABHX{eHHH Bonbr rrepe3apMaTypy }/3.4a.
cKopo'creftuHsuJrbrparlHu.Taxue 6ac,cefiuu, a raKlr(e 6a,ccefi- Bosr\aoxHHeKoHcrpyKTHBHbre cxeMbr peryJrflrIHoHHo-HBMe-
-anQunnrpaqHoHHbrx
Hbr B rpaeufiHo-rafierrHHKoBbrx orJroxeHHqx 6es sarpysril nol- ycrpoficre BxoAHbrx y3rroB
cbr:rrKpr Ha AHo, HecMorpfl ua rny6oKoe 'fipouHraHHeB gTH OT_ tlT:f_l_lbrx
oaccenHoB,rroJryqarculuxBoAy H3 saxpurofi ll orxpurofi pac-
JIolKeHHt Safpff3Hennfi,,Mox(Ho B TerleHue MHOTLIX JI€T gr{c- ttpeAeJlureJrbHbrxcereli, upneeaeHbrB f a6ore [,4].
IJ IYA T H P O B AT bH A B O A OS A 6OP AIIPX OMbIIIIJIE H H O|H O C C JIbC K OX O. npar(Tr{Kerracro r{eJrecoo6pasio o"*uturbcfl
g q l v l C rs e H H o roBo A o cH a6xensg, a TaK X < e -Ha or ycr-
B K arl ecrB e B peMeH - policr'ea oner{HaJrbHbrx BXoAHbixysnoe. ,lloaauy ,BoAbrB 6ac-
H b IX C O Op y Xe u H fi H a,B OA O3a6Opax xo3fH crB €H H O.i rl H TbeB otrO celhn ,yt ee ypoBeHb Mox{Ho pery,rrupoBaTb
BaABHX( KaMLr, a
Bo A o ' c H a 6 x e n H g . pa'cxoA onpeAeJrflTb 'c noMorqbrot{oHrleeoft
AHaoparuu, cMoH-
Bo,u,a'n'uH0n,rrbrparruoHHbre 6acceftuu Molr{eTnoratsarbcrr rnpoBaHHofi_nropqe rpy6ornpoBoAa, inoABoAruero
eoAV K
c lnoMoulbrolcJreAyroqnxycrpofi,cln: oAHoro ilrrT xByx Bbrnyc- 6acceriHy.Hanop nep.e,Earau$par*ott i43Mepsercsqepe3 or=
lOB BoAbI' pa3MeIqeH'HbIx B cepeAHHe npoAoJlbHoro or,Koca Bepcrue B ,creHKerpy6onponoaa [8].
6a,ccefiHaLtltrr B ero roprloBbrx ,orKocax; agparlr4oHHbrx Kac- BogMoxHas KoHcTpy_xuuqH3MepHTeJrb,Horo ycrpoficrna
KaAoB, pa_cnoJrox{ennbrx Ha oAHoM ,r4nr4 o6oax ilpoAoJrbHbrx rroKa3aHaHa 17. HenaepureJrbHoe ycrpofi.rro xf .n"rcn
--'rpy6Ke;
orKocax 6ac'cefirna (puc. l'6,a); pasdpbrgrrlBarorrlnx corrreJr; K cHar6x(eusofi ,pH'C. ,
BeHrr{JreM(niu xpaHonr)" orsoaHofi
paBHoMepfio paffr'peAeJreHHbrx no InJrorUa,{HAHa ,6a,ccefisa npnBapenrnofi.K creHKe ruydonpbsoAa. H corcr
(pHc" t6,6). Bo BropoM H rperbeM cfiyqasx Aocruraercrr x0. rlacrea:'crarrlnouapuofr(q)acoHHuft
acoHHuft;narpy6ox) H ne'peHocHon.
-ir*p.n-
ne,peHocHon.
pouee HacbIIueHHe BoAbIBO3AyxoM, nocrynarou{HM, ua uu0H.nl" lloc.neAHss BKrrroqaer B ce6s roaor.t'tiyo ipvoxvi
rpauHrc. .rre{HyroB ,caJrbHr.rKe
c ,noMolrlbrosaxHNaHOr? BTyJTKH H HaKHE_
Ha 6accefiHaxcJreAyer,npeAycMarpr{Barb BxoAHbre yaJrbr, Hofi ralixH, BKJraAbrrua H HaxnAuofi uy$rn. nepeHocHon qa_
,no3BoJlfi'toulHeperyJIHpO'BaTbH HSMepflTb :noAa,BaeMbre cTbro HSMepHTeJIbHOTO y,crpoficrea Molr{HonoJrbSoBarbcf Ailn
B HHX

84
85
 .friA+ 'vnv Anv r rnr l os r h xr4rlluA'nci n u pfi napprriouut-ia i .r srvf n ' In tur { tv ir r - i ri fI nv rl t rr ltvrr rAr M
rrocJreAoBa reJIb'H oro H3MepeHHf p a'cxoAoB,rIIo!,8Baerr,r
ri x Bo Bce -.{.rvvr. r^vrr uvuvuvrrrrsrv p

6 a,ccefiu br c pr,cTe
Mbr r.rcKyccrBeHHoro IIo[oJrHeHHfl cJIoe'negKa, HaXOAfllqeM,Cfl Hen,oepe/('cTBeHHo
noA.,IIOB€PXHO-
tlpu pacqere xoH'qe'sofiauaQparMbr nu6Hparcr rnpeAeJrb- crbro uH$unlrpaullu, H B^ Lrn.ncrofi nJIeHKe, o6'paayrcri{efi'cr
nuri ,nepenaA 4a'nneHufi B ceqeHHflxAo Aua$parMblr4 rrocJre HaA erorl nonepxuo,crbro.3ro npHBoAHTK po'cry rn4paBfluqe-
Hee (sA,ecr AaBJreHHe paBHo aruocQe'pHorr,ry),orpeAeJrflror cKr4x corflporlrefleHufiH K 'HenpepbrBHoMyiroAbeMy ypoBHff
BoAbr B 6acceltue. B'peuR ,noAbeMaAo InpeAeJlbHo'roypoBllff
ALIaMeTpOTBepCTHfl H BbrrrHC-
Jlflror norepn Hanopa h nprl 3aBHCHTTJI aBHbI MO 6paSO VrO r a)
nponycKe pa3JIHrrHbIx paoxo- B eJI HTI HHbInO AaBaeM O r o pa-
l,
cxoAa BoAbI, oT ee MyTHocTH
AoBa. fpaQrarQ:f ft) no- H or r.nv6usLt Bo3MolKHoro
3BOJIfleT OnpeAeAflTb BeflHrIU'
Hy noAaBaeMoroe 6acceriHn =l(tl't
IIpe4enrHan r.ry6Hua Bo- !
ro rpy6orpoBoAy pacxoAa rro
6 Abr B 6accefiHeH* onpeAeJle-
H 3MepH TeJrbH OMyC TpOH C rB e. Ha ero r{oHcrpyKrruefi, Ha-
q anruHri H MaKcHMa.nnurrfi
K onqesH e arzaQparMbr
$/s\SpS>' / \. Frt-
U. mgzr"-l- /. rr.'\rzlrlr peKoMeHAoBaTb yra
ndr/...rf,^rrnnDom, pacxoAbr ycTaHaBJrHBarorcR
tl -t)l Mox(Ho He U = fnncf
I ::::t:::
TOJIbKO BHOBb CTpOflITIHX-
rrpaBHJraMH sKCrrJIyaTaI\HrI.
3':.2 AJIfl
Cfi
v/r CHCTCM
vrrv I vr'r I{CKVCCTBCHHO|O
rrvr\J
vv I uvrrrrvt v
nnn 6accefiuoe, coopylr(eH-
Pnc. 17. Vcrpoficrno
Hanopa BoAbrnepeA',iua$parniofi
Anc lt3MepeHHq
BOCflOJIHOHI4fl, HO H AJIfi ,
Hbrx B cpeAHe3epHHcTbrxLr q=/(t)
Aefi-
/ - $acoHnufi narpy6orc;2 - pesuHo- CTByIOUHX, -IIOCKOJIbKy
-- -:--'-"t HX yCT- ;
KpynHosepHHcTbrx necKax, XB-
Bafl npoKJra4t<a; 3 - HaKHAHax uy@ra; . par(repH3yrontHxcfl xoeSQu-
4-srcna'Auru;. 5-Kopryc carrbr-rHxa; pOHCTBO Hg CBfl3aHO CO CKOJIb''
g: *?lifl;utTfifi"? -'#l;X',iil# nu6o 3HaqHrerrbHbrMu rrHeHTaMH Su.ntrpaquu or +
u a I t u tsl-t
Aonorr- 10-20 ao 60-80 rrn/cyr,MaK- 8)
rpy6xa; 9- s a x u M H a nB r y r r K a HHT€JIbHbIMH 3aTpaTaMH Ha I
cTpor{reJrbcTBo-KaMep
, cHMaJrbHbie yAeJrbHblepacxo-
r - - -- --I- w Ko-
JIoAUeBH AJrlrreJrbHbrM
orKJrroqeHueM6accefiHa br pacnpeAe-. Abr q (r. e. cKopocTH r,rH-
rrrrnarrrrrni"
drrrr\-./rLr.cr\Jfl
nnmyr
\-t- 1fl.
I/^"trt^-tr.."
1\\Jlr!{sl'DrLvLn
-.'^'$.^
A,/raWyaL
-...
NLalvln
^e^^,,-^-^----
UUUPy/{UlJaHbl
-^^
IJUE
i
I Snntrpau.Hra) o6H,rHo Jrex(ar
17 unQwrbrpaqnorrHbrx6accer?HoB
oAHofo BoAo3a6opaB [TpH. B rpeAeJrax I +3 u/cyr. Enn
6anrw<e. 6accerluon, coopyx(eHHbrx B
MeJrKO3epHHCTbrx necKax H
cyfiecflx, BeJII4!IHHa MaKCH- Pnc. 18. Pexnuu pa6orrr. xnQnarrpa-
2. PEXHM PABOTbI rlr{oHHbtx oacceffHoB
MaJrbHbrxcKopocrert nHQHnt-
a_- croxHttfi; 6 - ynporqesssrfi nplt
r4nbunyrpauuoHHbre
6accefiuu pa6oranr c. paBHbrMH Tparir{H Mox{er 6uru yMeHb- F/:const;. I - ynpouleHHuft npH d*
pe-1 -const: tt - nepHoA saToflJleHr{f,,qHa
IJa rKpynHbrx
N(HMaMlr. y,craHoBKaxncKyccrBeHHono rreHa Ao 0,5 vr/cyr. B rpa-
BocnoJr- gr.Ifiuo-raJreqHHKoBbrxorJro- 6accefiga .ToHr(HMcnoeM; fs - nepuoA
HCHHfl 'B CHICTCMAX XOSflIICTBCHHO-IILITbSBOTOBOAOCHA'6XCHUfi sano.nHeHils6accefisa Ao npeAenbHoro
ypoBHs rlpn nocrorrrrHoMpacxoAe; ts-
BoAa B 6accer?HbrrroAaercfl rracro rrro cJrox{,HoMy }I(CHHflX MAKCHMAJIbHbIC CKO-
FpaOHKy fieplloA noA4epx(aHHfl ypoBHf nocTo.
(^,^.^^P'.' DocTH nutbu.nsrnAfiwLr Mnr-\/T rHHbrM;tl : nepHo,u.cpa_6orxnypoBHrr;
DaK^ttttttt
raiJu'irrn i{?iKJi oalClceliHa ,co ,c.ilo)KHbiM
trr"'r
'pe)KIIMoM
-^-:----:---'
HMeer ^
-- -I- ----- -
ts - I!€PHOA TIHCTKH
rrflrb lrrepH,oAoB
tr-ts (pnc. l8,a) . flo,cne oqepeAHofiqucrKH B'' Aocrararb gHaqnre/rbHodbnt-
" 6accefiubl qa,cr,orroAaroTorgocr{TeJrbHoMaJrbre.yAeJlbHbre (or:,
HeceHHbIe 'nJrorqa+H
,K €AHHHUe yF0unrrpa,ru4r{)pacxoAbr4t,,..
t16-'/4
cocraBJlfirrculHe Bcero JII{IIIb tl8,crb MaKcHMaJrbHo,foQz.,

ceffrHa,Ko'rAa AHo efo eue He 3aKoJIbMarHpoBaHo,

Hs6exart TaeT npH rnocrosuuofi rry6uHe HarnoJrHeHHfl,,
a cKopo,crb LtH-
npo'HHKaq.Hfi _B BOAOHOCUbTft n.nargr 6ontuoro KoJrr{qecTBa 3a. Srnrrparr.Hn yMe'Hbrrraercs.,KorAaoHa AocrHraer HeAo[ycrr.r-
rpnsHeHuft. cu,nxenHbre npoTHB Mar{cr.rMaJrbHorno, Ho nocroffH. MO uanori c upaKTfirrecrofi ToqKH speHHrrBefiHqHHH,nbAa.ra
HO yBeI!,IrIHBaIoIIIHecfl pa'cxoAbl riIoAf,IoTCfI B reqeHHe l0-15, BoAbI s 6aocefiHnpeKpaqaercfl H HarruHaercflcpa6orxa ypoB-
a H H o rA a u 2 5 -3 0 cyr. l l poca' vnB afl cb B rpyH r, ,B oA a ocras. Hq BOAbrB 'HeM.fI'pU eroM n6Aarcr ,sKopocrHlanQunnrpaqnn

tJ6 87
 'ig Saccei)iiia. [oc,,rL1 .vinqunr, * iieo6xoAiiMbie
.l 6acceriH qr.rcTflT.
or-ropo){(HeHnrr ,4,o ciaAilH T3A AJ-ifl- pac.{-era napaMeTpbi
rpaqnoHnue 6accefintr qacro sKcnJlyarHpyrorraKx{e Ha ynpo- MOIKHOOrnpeAeJrfrb no oi60r6ueH'HbrM pe3yJrbraraM9Kcililyara-
llleHHbrxp.e)KHMax H:const (6ucrporo HanoJrHeunr)nni q'- r\HH UH'Q',U.lrsrpa'r{HoHHbrx,6ac,cefiHoe, Ha Koropbrx IIpoH3BoAH-
:ooflst, Ilp" nepBoMpex{HMe(pnc. 18,6) cpasy nocJreq,Hcrlu ilu parHeeua6nrcAeHur tr ,HccJreAoBaHHfl.Ha nocJreAyrolrlnx
B 6acceriH noAarorcr noBbrrueHHbre pacxoAbr BoAbr 14 6ucrpo c r a A H f l x , K a K I r p a B H J r O , , C J r e Ar yn ep re A l c M a r p H B a r[bp o B e A e H H e
Aocrnraercfl npeAe,ntsufi ypo,BeHb. Pa6ora Ha pexuMe crrerlHaJrbHbrx no/reBbrx (Ha orrbrrHbrx6acceltnax) H .rra6opa-
<<6ucrporo HanoJrHeHHfl)> Mox{er oKa3arbcfl rleJrecoodpaeHofi ropHbrx (na S,nnrrparrno'HHbrx xo"u,ouuax)pa6or [4, l0]. flpn
npH HAJTHqHH Ha AHe 6aCCefiuaMeJrKo3epHHcrbrx necKoB HJ\H rpoeKrHpoBaHHHOCO6O OrBerCrBeHHbrX coopyxeHuli Ha BoAo-
cyneceli (rpyHron, 3aBeAoMoHecnoco6udx KoJrbMarr.rpoBarbcfl sat6opax c 6o.ntruuu pacxoAoM sKonepuMeHTaJrbHbre HccJreAo-
Ha cKoJrb-Jr'u6o' 3Harrr4Te/rbHyro
r.rry6uny), a raKxe B Tex cJry- BAiHHfl B IIIOJICBbIX YCJIOBHflX .TIPOH3BOAflT B TEqEHHE IIPOAOJI.
safx, KorAa IIycK 6acceriHa[p]rypoqeH Ko BpeMeHHHaCTynJre- >KHreJIbHoromepuoAa (xax rilpaBr{Jro, He MeHeero4a).
Hrl',,o'rpHrrareJrbHbrx reMneparyp. Bropori pe)r(HMxapaKrepH- OcHoeHaq 3aAar{a pacrrera uuQH,ntlpaunoHHbrx 6ac'cefi.
'HOB---- OnpeAeJlHTb: nonuuri Q ,u,rluyAenlHtrfi q QuntrpaqH-
3yercff nocroflHHbrMpacxoAoM BoAbr B 6accefiHe B TeqeHHe
B'cero _pa6ouero nepuoAa. Pa6ora Ha BTo,poM pexHMe ousufi pacxoA, xoro'pufi 6yler ilocryrrarb B BoAoHocnuft
(puc. l8,a) conpoBo)KAaercr MeAJreHHbrM vt paBHo,MepHbrM rrJrac'TBo B,cenepH'o.A,br pa'6oru 6a,ccefiua, IIpoAoJr]KHTe/rb-
noAbeMoM ypoBHfl BoAbr B 6acceliHe. K KoHrry pa6ouero Ho,crb KaxAoro rflepuoAa n ,o6ulee ,KoJrHqecrBo BoAbr, Koropoe
nepHoAa sTor ypo'BeHbAocrHraeT Ao,nycruMor,oAJrfl 6accefisa orAacr 6a'c,cefiH sa 'SanurpouHKJrW (or4aua ,6accefrHa).
MaKcHMyua.PexHM q:const Mox(er oKa3aTbcflrleJrecoo6paa- Ann ,urc'6oroneprroAa pa6ortr uHsunlrpar{HoHnoro 6ac-
H b I M T I P H I I H C T K A X 6 A C C C I ? H A ,N P O U 3 B O A H M b I X O A H H - A B A celiHa crrpaBeAJruBo cJreAyrouee6anaHcosoe ypaBHeHHe
PA3A
B roAy, Lr npn orcyrcrBnr.rB npeAeJraxo6orau{aeMofoBoAo- Qo: Q* Qu", (14')
HOCHOTO IIJI4;CT2peryJIHpyIOqeI?,AoCTynHOfiAnn r{c[oJrb3,OBa- -
rAe Qo pacxoABoAbr,noAasaeMr,rfi a 6accefiu;Q (rn.rrrtparlnonnufi
HHfl eMKOCTH. SxCnnyarar{Hfl 6accefiuo'n,pa6oraroil-xHxHa pe- pacxoAHs 6accefiua; Q"r - pacxoAlra 3anorrHeHHe (onopox<uenHe) 6ac-
xHMe 4:const, Hara6oJree npocra H Bcrpeqaer,cffHB,cro. cefisa.
3. OnPEAEJTEHHE PACXOAA PacqerH H onblT gKcnJryarar{Hu6accerlHos noKa3blBalor,
qro, KaK ,npa'BHJro, Q > Q"", noar,oMy ps,cXoAoMrrHAyrrlHMHa
ilntt nl'tn dt-tlnlf fln D.rarrtrt Ka,^.^oiitto nn ,6^^v^ w *a^-
LLyrL rryL,r\-r\ rtryrrDcrrrrrtr u<r'u'LErr.rla Et u pclt-n'UA lvru.?t1.trr llpurl'- Ha'rroJrueuue6acceftHa,Molr(Hoinpeue6,peqr.Taxofi no,lixoA ,rre-
HO3HpOBaTbCfIrrO'aHaJrOrHr{C COOpy)KeHr4fl,MH 4eficrnyrcrrlHx .rrecoo6pageH, TaK KaK 'n'plrg,ToMHe H3MeHflercqo6uas orAa-
ycraHoBoK HcKyccTBeHrroroBocnoJrHeHHflH, IryTeM pacrleroB. qa 6accefiHa 14cpeAHrfi ,cKopo,crbuusu.nmpapn sa
$H"rrt;rpo-
flepnnfi snoco'6 rpe6yer'H,crrroJrbabsa'Hus
Aa'HHbrx,rroJryqeH- I{HKJr,a TeXHHTKa pacqeTa 3HaqHTeJrbHo y[poqaeTcg.
Hbrx rrpH Anure.nruofi 3r(crrJryaTa'uHHycraHoBKH, cxoAnofi c Bpenaflono,po>r{HeHufl6accefiHaMox(er 6trrt 3aAaHo.06rr.I-
BHOBb'npoeKTHpyeuofis9 r$a:xro'paM,BJrHHrorqlIM Ha BeJrH'qH- H,o oHo He ,npeBbrruaer 5-,10 cyr. Ecnu cpa,6oma ypoBHfl Bo-
Hy pa,cxoAa 6accefiHa, a TaKxe 'no ,KaqecrByBoAbI HcrorIHHKa AbI B 6accefiue I4AeT'HeAony,cruMoMeAJreHHo, .To trpo'H3BoAft
BocltoflHeHuff,no o,6ueft ,cxeMe rrpeA'|Ba'p:HTeJrbnofi
rnoAnoroBKr IIpHHyAHreJrbHoe ornopoN(HeHH e 6accefiHa.
BO,{br,rrro sarpySKe AH,r{uIacoopy}KeHafl, no cgoficrsaM rroA. flp, pacqere pacxoAa nHQuntrpauHoHHbrx6accertHosHe-
cruJraroureroe,ro rpyHra H T. r. Sror cnoco'6 Mo)Ker oKa3a,Tb- o6xoAnnao yrrn'TbrBarbpocr cornporuB;reHr{fl rpyHroB BcJreAcr-
cfl HaH6o.ueepar{HoHaJibHbrM, eciiu B'HoBbnpoeKTr.rpyeMafi yc- BHe BbrnaLervfl H3 BoAbrcoAeplKauluxcfl,g Hefr MexaH'HrIec:KHx
Ta'HoBKaHcKyccrBeHnoroBognoJrHeHufl HaxoAr{TcflB parioue B3BerrrenHbrx qacrHrl, a TaK)KeMHKpoop,faHlI3MoB. fpynrtt oc-
4eftcrnyrcqefi HrrH npoeKrnpyercfl pa'o[r:HpeHue rrocJreAuefi. Ho'BaH:r{s6ac'ceftuog ! 6onrurHHcrBe cfiyqaeB rrlpeAcroB;reHbl
Pacqersr pacxoAa 6accefiHoBBbInoJrHrror no gaBHcHMocrffM, ne,cKaMLI,a B rpanufiHoJraJreqHnr{oBbtx,orJIo)KeHHflx o,6uqgo
fioflyqeHHbrM Ha ocHoBepeueHufl ,coorBercrByroulux$H.utrpa- y'crpanBaror ilecrraHyloBafpy3Ky (ero obecneqHBaer 6onee
/J!vLrL uvAvvs

csoficrgax BoAbr, HaMeqaeMoftK HciroJrbaoBaHl,rrc (uyruocrl, 6opon xosnricrBeH'Ho-rrnrbeBoro

BoAocua6xenHn). B cBflBH c
r p a H y J r o M e r p H r r e c x ucfoi c r a B B 3 B e I I r e H H b ruxa , c r u q ) , , c o c r h n e
H rilpoHnuaeMo,crH rpyHToB B ocHoBaH'Hr{ utt$nnrrparluoHubrx
6accerlHon,Lrx :xoHrcrpyKTHBHbIX oco6eHHocrflx14 gaAaH'HoM
p elKHMe'gKonJIyaT aIIHlH. * Ilo cxeMe o6ocHosaHufl
HsbrcKauuftgna npoegrupoBaHHfl.

88 89
 9TI{M pocT rlr!Pannu'qecKoro cofipornBJreHurro6vcnosJrvBaer-'
i
S A
cfi 'B ocHoBlrorvr.o6pasoBaHH HeaMl r o B e p " " o c r " , q n u o u , c , c e n n a ; E S
(nIH sar,pysxH),cJrofiu"ryucrori
,nnesNn(ocaara). npouuccor, G H I n
F{ o - s 8
\ . t r O

c.o6grgeHHo'ro KoJIbMara)Ka,T. e. or,uoxehllff BBBeureHHbIx qa,c-

c)
€ .sa
crHII B rropax rpyHTa ,[ecqa'Horo ocHo,BaH,Hfl, o,6bl.i,HonpoHc. (4 >f
tl ii *5q r
XOAsr /rH[Ib 'n ,nepnrrfi, cpaBHHTeJrbHO
o
KOpOTKr,rfi rnepnoA,npo- \o
o 9<s
= !E
s 39
i'{!l
ri rX
AoJIx(HTeJrbHocrb Koroporo oqeunBaercfi no rar+nasnnieMofi
rpflBeeMKocru rpyHra //. Tonrro B orAeJrbHbrxcflyqaffx (ua-
t ( u
l q tsH
q a
npHMep, B rpaBeJrHcro-faJrerrHfiKoBbrx fpyHTax ,c KplnnHbrM
sarrr,oJrHHTeJreM
H npH fpagHfiHOfi Sartpy3Kea'na) ro,rll'ruaraN F- oO A
d C \
v v
MolKer HMerb MecToB TeqeHHe6onee vrrr MeHeeAJrHTeJrbHo.
ro BpeMeHH.
Vqnrrreaq r43Jro>I{eHHoe Bbrlrle, pa,cr{eTbr cfrranrrpar\un ng
6acceftHosB cucreMax xogsficreeHHo-numesofoBoAocHa6xe.
,-
\H fr, Ka K n p a B H J Io ' cJIeA yeT IpOH S B OA H TbIIO ,C X OMO nJIeH OqH Ofi t =r C\

Q n n rrp a rl H ' H .,[,n H a v ruK y 0opMr.rpoB aH r{ff,unucnoi t nJreH K H H a -

. $ s
AHe (u orxoc_ax) ,6ac,cefiHoeMoxHo BbrpagHrbcoorHorrregr.reM r +
us pa'6orn[4] !
q
s 5
I
. i <
h
. > v
d6: Mqdtlysa, ( l5) A
o
A - r \
nae 6.- ToJIITIHHa[JIeHIflI; M. - KoHrreHTpauur mBerueHrrbrx rracrgrl B F * s
,uone (ee yr* - o6reMuaf, Macca cxeJrera rrJreHKH;q -
.MyrHocrb); cKo- l l l l
F,ocru u,HQn.nnrps{HH (pacxoA, orue,ceHHbrfi r qAuunqe flJrorqiilr,l;
rBpeMflodpasonaHHff rrrJr€r.rKu
ronuluHoft 0.
t r s
I4e cooruolreHHfl'noJryqnM,cKopo,crb uHQufibrpaqun
q : k n H1 6 . (l6)
tl

I(OEQQUIHEHT QUNr'TPAIIHH iIIJIEHKH KN I{ HANOP H, INOI rO;'; aq

h

TOpbrM npoHcxoAHT HHqlHJrbrpauHfl, crailH ocHoB,o-fioJrafarcrrlH-

MH-AIIfl' lIIOIyrIeHHfl pacqeTHblx 3aBHCHMOCTeft, npI,IBeAeHHbIx B
c)
rat6.n.6. 6\r
s
BHsoAH ,arr{x saBr4,cr{Mocrefi B pa6,orax 14,101.,
rrpr{BeAeHbr -L # 5
3 , 6 3
Oopvrynu ra6JT. 6 6am.wrJtroinvrrtrT{r-T
rs nn tff
AL,r.rry-
S -{o
3 3o ) c , \
III.HHr?,InoAp,o
6Ho n'p
oaH,n J#o*S#t
ffitS Tiyr?i,:
r rt b l l
1;4v tl ,. tl

HO: " HMCH.

b
-
-Eroi-
O
-+r
ll rc
s E( . ) 0 ) t s
tl

uuQu.utrpaquouHnfi pacxoA (unu cKopocrbl.r,Hcpunlrpa- l l r E

x0) il o'x
X F
uuu) B nepnufi nepuoA nocroflHeHH[rHMeHflercflino nzirerl- s
(-')
"oYr:"-ff;ilepBofo nep'oAa (saronneH'n AHa'accefiHaros-
KLIM c,nOem){IO/IHOSTrIO
SaBepuaeTcfl rr,poqecCKOJTbMaT
ar\rLy cq

rpyHra B ocHoBaHHH,6accefina; -LI

QunrrpauHorHHoe conpo'TnBJreHHeBaKoJrbMarHpoBaHHor.o
Ft
*r

c QH JrbrpauH oH H brM c0[p0.

THBJTeHHeM
HJrHcrofi urJreHKH;
'Qnnrrpauas us 6accefiua npH Hailnq,HLr ero AHe nJren- u/
rya F{

Krl 'npoHcxoAHTnpn HenoJ[HOrM HacbrrqeHr4Hnop He3aKoJrbMa-

r H p o B a H H o r on e c K a B o A o f i ;

90 9l
 .ir
(s ,! CJ
Hlrn6p, noA KoropbrM npoucxoAnT uu,&n.ntlDauurr.,DaBeH
;rny6uue BoAbr B 6a,ccerise(aanneHuernoA saK,oi"*ut"pbuu"-
i
b
tl
H b I Mc J r o e Mn e c K a p a B H oa r u o c $ e p H o r v r y; )
C)
F
q)
d)
S
q) \o
Iqi
o
ro
o
a. s
tr
6l co .+ r f ) @ r\
6t 61 6l 61 6l c\
v v

6r
\o
*t -l
II x
z t
t
,
.
l}r l * I
I
I { I

t s
F

affrorrlHeorreHHTbpacxoA aHQA.illrpaqHoHHbrx
CA \\ I r
t-r
*r 6accefiuon, Hc-
$ { r N

h
F-
( O H E l H * 6 1
6r
6t :
o
.+ +
tl l l
3 '{lE
$
+ E

=lE
il tl
II ' il BAK)TCfl KJII{T{ATfiLIECKHMH YC,'IOBH.'IMH PAfiOHA, KAIICCTBOM
c6
s t l $ ngaagaeuorS Ha rrono,rrHeHrre,
pexHMoM pa6ortr 6ac-
tl
l1f,i!

I
(l)
5! € c g -g8
F O
F x ^ V {
\ r 9 =
> E x
v , , H
* - l l O
<.)ol
(X DE x> A t ti r x 3
ll peqHbrxBoA 6es npeABa,pnre,utuor?noAnoroBKraBoAu HJ:H c
=rE cn\
IrpeAuecrByrotrrHMuH$r.l.ntrpaunu ocBerJreHHeM
Y(J
$ i l * ee B orKpbl-
A r
5 r Y Tbrx orcrofiuHKax, a srE.nlrpyrcilraff cnoco6Hocrb 6accefinos
(J a)

\/t r a.
l

cqI
* r l 'o'6uryro npoAoJrx{HTeJrbHocrb
nepHoAa t, B TerreHHeKOTo-
-f a\l
por,oBoAy Ha uuQn.nlrpauHroHe ,noAaror,cJreAyeTHaBHaqarb
B S a B H C H M O C T H O T n p O A O J I X { H T e J I b H O C T I n{ a B O A K a , y c r a H a B J I H -
BaeMofo rrro AaHHbrM" rHApo.rrof,HsecKHx ex(eToAHHKOB (OUa B

92 93
 a'6conrcrsou6onruiraHcfbec.nyuaenflpeBbrirlaerrpelrn cpa-
'! fT^ hn ^r'rr
rrr., psoy.,rD h^-^.-
t.rLayr | -
Sorxu ypoBHflBoAbrB 6acceftHelt H .rncrr^ ts), u,r cnyqae pa,cHe't'o'B HHQHJIbTpaIIHoHHbIx 6acceftHog
Heo6xoAHMoCTH npOBOAHTbAOnOnUUTeJrbHbIe .cocraBrrnror rpa,qwlT,cKopocrHunsu"rrirpauuuq:f (t) Arrfl
laccneAoBa'Hufr,.
B raxux cJryrrasxB pacrrerHbrx3aBncr.rMocrflxtq*ts'ta*en"- BcexnepuoAonpa'6oru 6acceftua.
ercff eenH.rHHofit" KOTOpaflqacro c Aocraro.IHofr AJrflrrpaK- cpe AHfln'cKopocrbHHQu.nrrpauuw sa SnnnrpouzKJronpe-
T,r{qecKHX qenefi TorrHocrbroMoxer 6urr [pHHflTa paBHoft-l- ACJI'ICTCfl, H3 COOTHOIIICHHfl
1,5uec. Q c p: W / ( F d t q ) , (gl)
r{ro6u onpeAeJrurb pacrrerHyro MyrHocrb M,
rnAponrerpu- rAe lv:\v/t o6utan orAaqa 6accelisa 3a su.nrrpoqnx"n; Fa rJro-
qeclKrre no,crbr o'6ssaHH rrrpoB€crHcnequ a JrbHbreHc,cJreAoBaHHfl. ula,AbunSnnurpaur.rH 6a,cceriHa.
Ha HarraJrbHbrx craAHrx npoeKTllpo'Battfl. AolrycrlrMo ,noJrb3o- . llpnuep B. Hcrycm,n,ou,H'oe noloJrrHeHue [rBMerI,eH,o
ocyuecrB,nfiTb I{g
Barbcr AaH'HbrMr.r rnAponornqecKnx ex(eroAHHKoB.E,cnu npo- IlHQunnlpaqu,oHHblx 6a,cqg1*ar ,c ;HeflipoEHqaeMbrMH ,pa6,otaro-
.oTKoca,Mr{,
CIKTOM,NPCAYCUATPHBACTCff IIPCABAPI{TCJIbHAfl .IIOAIOTOBKA BO. .
AbI, noAaeaei\aor:r
Ha uHsunrrpaqnto, To pacrrerHarrMyrHocrb 4t^:0r! nnlc_Yt;Qz:2 u/cyr; Hn:
i'cMt;
ly':0,5 r<riuz; lo:i88 iy,
Ha3Ha'rraercflc yqeroM yMeHbrrleHr.rfMyrHocTr{ peunofi BoAbI,
Ha OqHCrHbrxcoopy)KeHHflx.Lnn 6a.ccer?Hog ,c HeSaKperrJreH- )AHrbnpyvnyro).
HbIMI'I OTKOCAMH, CJIOXEHHbIMH CYIJIHHHC'TbIMH H' I,IIHHHCTbIMH rreJrbuocrbKaxAoro nepnoAa pa6oru
rp y H T a MH , C J re Ay e TTaxx(e yrrH TbrB aTbB OS Mo)K H OC Tb,K paTK O- - ' ciopocru
sa Qu.nlrpoqur-n, cpeEnroro -
BpeMeHHbrx noBbrueHufi MyrHocrr{ B ,[epHoAbI Jil{BHeBbtXAOX-
q:f(t)in:fft).^
npur6nnxeHuu,B 5-6 pur). flpexAe qervrHc.
Aet? (n ,nepnorvr A : k n l c K : 0 , 0 0 1 . 0 , 8 . l O s- 0 , 8 x r / n r t cyr .
rroJrbsoBarbpacqerHbre3aBHCHMOCTT{ (Crur.ra6n. 6), aJreAyer
onpeAeJrzrbrrapaMerpbr.fy',kn, y"*. llpu ,pacqere6accefiuon, flpnueHunSoprr,ryau(lT) u (18), nar?aeu
pa6oraroltluxHa cJIo]KHoM
pex(nwewrr4 Ha pex(uvre//:const, 2.0,5
0t -l -_ :21 cyr;
r{cxoAHbrMu 6wta Qr H Qz (nx s.lraqeHurr
AoJr)KHbr HasHaqarcr- (0,4+ 2) . 20. t0-3
C f f B C O O T B e T C T B H HC AaHFIbIMPI' npHBeAeHI{bIMH B rJIaBe V,', 3000(0,4 4- 2\
n . 2 ) . f l o ' , O o p M y J r a ur a 6 . n . 6 s u q i { c n f l r o rt r , V r , t z y t V z . 3 a - i Wr: 2 l : 7 , 5 . 1 0 4N i e .
' 2
reM no 3aBHcHM'oCrH (23) OnpeAeJrflrornpoAoJrx(HTeJrbHocrb
m?\ATL^n^
r yr [,sr (r
rn h!t^
rrEy.uuA<r,
n6
i l t r J r' f..p^ 'u^ p
'
.My./ra.ivl
/OO\ /(JE\ /nn\ HcnonusyrrcoorrrorrreHufl
(lgt) lr (20), n.ul;,,;111,a
\zz ) nJtn \zo ) Ll \zo )
+ -
2.0,8
o 2 - :20 cyr;
22 . 2 0 . 1 0 - 3
V z : 2 ' 3000; 20: 1 2 . l 0 r M s .
flpaunu ta,:lo cyr H lr:ls cyr, no 3aBr.rcr.rMocru
(23) onpeAeJr'M
h* tz- t,\- (ta* t), (28) l s : I B 3- ( 2 t + 2 0 + t 0 + l b ) : l t 2 c y r ,
Bropoe $opuyna ( 1 7 ) , n p u 7r:Qz, a rpeTbe BbrpS)KO: uo Qopuyne (24) HafiAemsHaqeHnenapaMerpa
HHe ( 19) klrrr4(21) .
2.0.8 / 0.8
@opnny.rrtr\[rfl onpeAeJleHHfl 4z HI\reIOT C,re4ynu1ufi BHAI
l.us fa'ccefiHoe c HerIp OH H rIaeMbrMHorK ocaMH 20ro= \' **3- + 2,2'
"4-
4z: -, : ro,s, roana8.
2M (t\- ta- tn) m%]
,c IIpoHHuaeMbIMH
Ans 6accefiH'oB orKocaMu Anq orAeJrbubrxM OMCHTOB (fs,") rperbero nepuoAals pa6oru 6acceft-
lrttaah
YrE irnallc

NB+ V NrB,+ 4M (/q - ta- tdl IBz+ BBHMI|W+

q_z : ts, n, cyr . . . 0 20 b0 100 llz
Q , u l c y r. . z l,16 0,8 0,6 0,67
+ zH?^
( * mr)lH*A o6q*ft o6rem BoAbr,unQuarrpyeuuft aa {runrtpoqr{KJr, paBe'
V:7,5. lOa
+ n . 1 0 4 + 3 0 , 5 . 1 0 4 - 8 l0O. ar u s .
94
95
 E c;r n npeAr r oJlof i{HTb, r r r o HHr eHcHBHocr b 3aAepx( HBaHHf l
acTH I I npon0pUHoHaJI bHa npoll3BeAeHI . t t oeM KocTlI nor , / 't oule-
} Ifl B SBCI I I CHHbIIX
I ACTHqHA LTXKO I - I UCI HTPAUHI O AC, A CKO -
B'BO
ocrb orpbrBa r{acrHrr or rr0Bep,xHocrtr cpeAbr onpeAeJrflercff;
} / P A B H C H H C M N C P B O f O I I O P g A K A O T H O C H T C J I b H OK O H I I C H T P A q U U
0TJIOX<IIBIIIHXCflBSB0IU€IIHbIX TIaCTHII, TO rnpaBOMepIlo C/IeAyiO-
uee ypaBHelrr{eKUFJe'rHKr.r
:
AblAt : ?,r (ffu *- b) c - f|b, (3 2 )
fAe 1y'0 - n'peAeJlbHafl el\{I(ocTb IIO|JI-OII(eFIIIflrpynTa: c u b - liolrqcHTpa-
llr{rr B3BerrIeHHbrx qacTHu B >nlrAxofi (o6tev rracrr.ru B eA}rHrrue o6tenra
uqxocru) n rnepAofi (o6telr qa,cturt B eAHHr.rqeo6r,eua cpegtr)
Sa:ax;
rt - CKOpOCTI,IO,CaX.Aelt}tt BBBeUIerrilI)rX qacTtHU;
KOI{ICTOTHT?
B
- KOH-
oT)pbtBarracTHrIoT rroBepxFrocTiicpeAbr.
aHTa cKo'p,ocTr4
tu=ltJ c
flpHrueHHreJrb'Ho
r{ pa6ore r{HSHJrbrparIHOHHbrx 6accefiHos
Pnc. 19. Kpnnue q:tQ n H-f(tl o'nycrHMonpeHe6pe'rrboTpbrBoM paHee oceBrrrHx rracrHil
B:0) rr HgMeHeFrHeM eMKocrrlxorrroru.eFrHfl(b<1/o). B erovr
flo Qoprrry.rre
(31) cpeAHrfl cKopocrbuHQunrrparlunus 6acceftuacoc., yqae npoue,ccKoJrbMaTaIlHH
TABJIflET
6yler rp{)re:r(arbno JrHr{efiHo-
jL . ton , y ypaB'HeHr{ro
r(r{Herr4r{r{IrcpBOfo rroprr/li(a (lreo6'parr{M,oe
Q66--
'!r o'91u/cYr' a i I ( A e H I { e B 3 ' , B e [ U e H F I b I tXl a c r n q ) ;
Sooollif:
(33) Ahldt : ?xffoc.
Pa,cqerunefpaOr4Kr.rq:f (t) n H:f (t) ,npaBeAeHbr
Ha ' , L l r o d u y c r a H o B n r b s a K o H o v r e p H o c rpba c n p e A e / r e H u f l
pHc.19. B3Be-
ll'pnnea,eHHbleBblrlueBa'BHcHMocru, r e r r H b r q
x a c r H u n o ' n y r r { A B H ) K e H H sB O A b r y
, p a B H e F r H e
(33)
KaK y)Ke orMerlaJrocb,
npHM'eHr,rMbr,
ecJrH tIIpeor6JraAaer
rrJreHorrHaflsn.rrlrpaqnn Hg eo'6xoAr,rN{o AorroJrHHTb 6anaHcoBbrM ypanHeHHeu (cropocrr
6accefiHos.Ha ocHoBeAaHHbrxJra6oparopHbrxH noJreBbrxHc- Qlrnrrpa\LrHq H nopucrocrb /?oirpuHlrMarorcfllrocTonHumivrH):
C.npIIO'Rr'rrprri rrnr2lr,r\El nalJrrt ryrrrr D r/?'rrrrrryrrr D^nrr'rr^Tr rv nn ^r'n' r,^ Ab 0c 0c
I Y _ + 'n. -0_ _
- v 'n (34)
I
at 0x at

r,rorbrcr(arb perxeHr.re cHcreMbr ypanHeuur.i (33), (34) rrpH

cJreAyrou{nxy'cJroBHflx:

c ( . t ,t ) : b ( x , t):0 nput-<Li
q ( 35)
rpyHro,B. Baxuo raKx{e HccJreAoBarbAHHaMHKryMeHbrrreHfit c(x, t) : co npH x : 0.
rIpoHHUaeMOCrr.r
nopHcrofi cpeAbrB rrp'oqecce KoJrbMarat\HH,
yBerurreHHenorepb Ha'flopa B 3aKOJTbMaTHpOBaHHOM CJIOe Herpyano InoKaearbu
, r o S y H K T 1 HcH( x , t ) u b ( x , t ) o , r p e -
'Fq 'r^n
tF l 'Pl l IYl f r L L a , il r4AJ l vl \ iitU
AI-tALIrrA
iicr"rllE ll /v[ ni u i t;Tr lrU, ri \l :un U
Trr
ill Jivl
iT.n rn
U .nU n; iAUd f r rr
Pl
nn
iIpOAOJIX(hTefib- AeilHr(.ri'cn Lr3 ypaBHeHHH Br4Aa:
H O C T bC a M O T Or r r p o u e c c a* .
N^v
B o'6urena cryqae Su"rrmpaqun MaJroKoH,rre,HrpupoBagHbrx
'-'A.iq
cMeceri (uueuHo raKorl cMecbro flBJrfler,cfl peq'Hafl BOAa) qe- / '\
C \rC, t) : Co€
' "

pe3 IIopHcrble cpeAbI CorIIpoBolKAaercfl HenpepbIBHbrMH inpo- ( 36)

reKaloulyro BoAy. .t

b (x, t) :' Noyrrcote

* KomrvryHapf. M., Forolro6on K. C. Heroropue oco6euHocrr{ pac.
H gatrfle,Hur.
B ycaoBl4rrxKoJrbMar?tltElr
uera au$HflbrparIHoHHbrx6arccefrHog I(ax c,rreAyerH3 Qopuy.rrlr (36) , KoHrreHrpaquqBsBerreH-
HayuHue r{ccJreAoBaHufln o6na.cu{HHXeHepHoi'r rulporeoJroruLr,- Hayu, HbIX qacTHI{r oTJIaraIoIIHXcfl B IIopaX, yBe,/THLIHBaeTcfl'IIpOnop-
rp. / B,OA[EO, 119'79, urroH aJrbHo KoHrIeHTp aIII4H'B3B grrreHHbrx qacTn'u, rHaxoAtllquxcfl

9S 4-1455 97
B Bo.qe,vr BpeMeHHpa6oTbl 6accefiHa. B 6O.rlnruefiCTeIIeH e T \ r n f r t A T rr 'eT q vl -,l
rrrvlrlv.r
r J , , ua lr rrr tr stvq A ' l \r nv sr | r r r v 4rv rv vT n n r T o n n , r h I , I n r . , r n A f i v I w n n 6 n n n n -
rrs

noABepx(eHblBepxHHecJIol.IrpyHTa. C rny6HttO
*tttvtv "-r*-"

KoJIbMaraUHH
I{oHUeHTpaqHfl oTJI'o}I{eHI{fi yMeHbluaeTcff, qTo xopouo Co'rJlar
,cyercfi c AaHHbTMHrrroJreBbrxr.r JIa'6,oparopHblx Hal6JIIoAeHHfi.'i eMoM ypoBHfl BOAbrts 6accefise. HeuenecrHble 'rapaMerpbl B
Po,cr rHApaBJIHrIecKOro cOilp'OTHBJIeHI{fiHa yqa'CTKe 30HbI {ropruyne (40) onpeAer/rrrorcfle,KcrrepuMeHraJIbHo.
[,{ox(er 6rtTb o[peAeJIeHH3 ypaBHeHUfl
KoJrbMara>r<a
l1l . 4. OnPEAEJIEHHE nAPAMET,PO,B
tt' Uc
^ H " _ q) m , (37)
' ' '
0 flpa'rrurlecKr{ no/rbgoBarbcfl Soprvry,rrarranH coornolueHuff-
rpasuua 3oHbI KoJlbMaraxa; h(x, t\
- xoe$Qn.MrI, npI {BeAeHHbI M UB r a6il. 6, M O >KLOeCJI
, r {H3BeCTHU, Q ar r U-
rae /(l) - ,n'qA,BI'I)KHaf
rIHe,HTQr.rntlpauHl'I B Sorue 3aKoJIbMarlltpogSHtaro cJlofl' geCKHe3Ha'I{eHHfl BxoAflIqHX 'B HHX napaMeTpoB: y'y',kn H tcx
(nocne4Hne ABa f lapaM er pa gaM eHf lI or cr o6H. I u'o ux 'r r pou3Be-
SrclnepzMeHTaMgrnoATBOPx{AeHo, rI'To..
B Al{anasO:aebI no
'csofic'rg H e M. 4 ) .
<0,4 H3MeHeHHe Sra"rrlrpaUI{oHHbIx rpyHTa 3a c-I
fp r seer r , r K, ocr b N xapaKr epn3yer clr oco6Hocr b f lecKa r lo-
orJlox{eHnfl, B HeM BgBeIrIeIrHbIx qa'b'tHll Mox(eT 6lrrl BbIpa
1;9ril.8Tb B3BerXeHHbre qacTr4rlbr H3 QU"nmpyrculeltcs qepe3
HO OOOTHO'IIICHNCM Hero Boabl H rItrcJIeHHo paBHa Macce B3BeIXeHsltx qacrH'q, oT-
h(x,t):ko(l-ry), HBrrIHxcff B rrropax rpyHra K HaqaJly o6paeoBaHIIfl Lrlrrcroir
JIeHKH, orueceHuofi K eAHHtIIre nJIouraAI{ '[oBepxHo'cru I4H-
r,qe fto - rraqarbtluir xoaS'$u4ueut tpt't.nrr.|paquu. $unurpauur. EAunHllefi Susnuecxofr BeJIHqII'HbI
rpfl3eeM'Ko,crll
finnserca rr/vr2. Benu'qzHa fpflseeMKocrHsaBHcHTor 'cBofi'crB
n ns o[peAeJIeHHgpasMepoB3oHbI KoJIbMaTaXa npHM KA H MCXAHI,IqCCKOTOCOCTA'BAB3BCIICHHbIX IIACTI,IU, A TAK.
qTo ee IIoAB'H)KHaff
rpaHl{'qa KonTpoJ[HpyeTcflHSMeHeHI'IeM OT BCJII'IIIHHbI MYTHOCTH BO!.bI, ITOAABACMOft HA HHOI{JIb.
a\wr rn, 0lo, 3a cqeT oTJItox(eHI'Ifi
83
e,S$raUuegra Snnrrp auHro, H aKo'pocrll ABI{}KeHIrflnoCneAneft.
I
rrIeHHbIxqacrHq. Tor4a Hs cooTHoIIIeHI'Ifi(38) cJleAyer' : {llapaMerp
tllaparvrerp iV
A/ Mo)KHooflpeAeJlrrb AByM MeroAaMH:c no-
oflpeAeJlrrb AByMn
br:0,5ffi (36)' HafiAeM
ypaBHeHHe
no , a Hcnorlb3yff olqbro rrlpu 6.nuxeuu ofi e MrII{p Hqecroft 3a BI{cHMocri.I, ycTaHaB-
ltsarcu1eft,c'BflgbnapaMerpoB B3BeIIIeHHbIX rIacrHE co cnofi-
BaMH 'IIecKa, ifloAcrl,IJlaloulero Auo 6acceftga (u.ull fiecKa 3a-
t ( t ) : +flo?r
t n l # 4 ,os pysxu); eKqrIepHMeHraJIbHo IIyreM npoBeAeHufi HccJIeAo-
auuft B OnbITH'o-tIIp,oLI3BoAcrBeHHbIX 6accefiHax vtJrl4Qunmpa-
r'1e bs m npo
yAe.ntttttfi O6leu OrnOXetrHfi, COoTBeTCTnyrcutuk
,n3MsneHuororoe$Q,uqfieHTa Sunr'rpa[un, HoHHbIxnpH\6opax.
rpfl3eeMKocrtl Ao craAuu T3,4, MoxHo
llpu onpe^4e"treH'Llu
I,lurerpupytt ypaBHeHI{e (37) c yqeroM$opuyn ( 3 6 ) , ( oJrbsoBarb rpa,QH,r (pHc. 20), ycraHaBnusatotr1nfrcBnsb
t4 (39), rloryqsv Bblpax(eHHe, on'peAeJlflnulee pocr 'fHApa exiAy irapaMerpoM N n eQQexruBHbIM AHaMerpoM necKa
q e c K o n o c o { n p o rH B Jl eH l {flB S OH e K OJIbMaTH pyeMororpyHra ro [61. fpneeeuKocrb, N uoxuo orpeAeJlflrb cJleAyloquu o6-
g2 (no-2bs) Nrtu*crt asoM: ?ICCJIeAoBaTb HenocpeAcTBeHHo ne-
KOJIb'MaTapyevrufi
Ai l * :* - in 0K; 'rrpHMeHHTbypaBHeHHe 6anasca B3Be[IeHHbIX qacTull;
n6tv g'f6 (no - ZNog*cstjbs
I{eHHTb,npoAoJIX{H'TeJIbHocTbKoJIbMaTaIIHH. HaxoxAeH[e Ina-
aMeTpa N B pe3yJlbTare HccJIeAoBaHHf KoJlbMaTapyeM'oro
flecKa AeraJIbHo 0III4CaHOB pa6ore [61.
i' ,OnpeAeJIHM llapaMerp N H3 ypaBHeHl4fi 6ana'uca B3BeI[eH-
gbrx qacTl4q, ttocTynarculux B 6accefiH c HerIpoHI]qaeMbIMH
'I'orAa
x:'0 rlepe3bo. Hs BbIpa>KeHH OTK
ti : bol(iloT*co). p: ( M V (-/F 1 " * 6 ) / F , (42)
-Vr*
,Betnquua bo AOJIX{Ha OnpeAeJIflTbCffHa OCHOBO9I{C!n e u O - 3HaqeHillflo6leruuoft Maocbl cl(eJlera NJICITKH TI ee ToJllrllt-

ME H T A . ocrpgAHeH,HbIeno nJIoula,AI'I uu sunlrp aw4rr.

99
98
 Plrc. 20. 3anucllfirocrt coornorueHue (42) Molt{Ho rrcnoJrb3oBarb
rprr3eeMKocrn necron .lV dsp vt rrpu o6pa6ouce
oT KpynHocTH trx rrA- 0,6 L.rx, rroJry LraeMbrx Ira'0 r.rJrbrp a rIfioHHbrx II p H6 o p ax.
Aar-rH
crrau' r/^ -.. --1
du, 4 1 3uas nPoAonxHTeJrbHocTbKoJrbMaT ar\ut4 tt, oIIpeAeJrrIM
/ - 6 a c c e i i r r r , ru d t u . r i r , -
TparIHoHIrr,to rrltr.r6oirr,r 0rt SHaleHlrefpfl3eeMKocrLIH3 COOTr{OilreHrrrr
Marana; 2 - 6acceiirrr,l ^-/
Earrsgepc: 3 - 6ac- v tr-2 N -- q2Mtr. (43)
cefirr Evraureno: 4 -- 0,2
rrlc/{,ncll
rrl,rii tllilnl,r'lr .- J
F o-
I O o p M y J I a ( 4 3 ) A e t i c r n u ' r : c J l b HAai l n c r y r r a f l Q : Q z : c o n s t
(piac. 1B,a). Ans c.rolr(Ho,ropelKHMaBMe.croq HaAo ,npHHH-
6 N,xr/n? M a r b 0 , 5 ( q t * q z ) H A n q p e x { H M aI / : c o n s t - , c o o r B e r c r B y r o -
uee q.
Cooruoulenrre(42) crre- flpo4o,u>KlrreJrbHocl'b ar\HHycraHaBJrHBaercrB pe-
KoJrbMaT
Ayer rpuMeHflrbrrpu o6pa- syJrbTare a]g,a[ru3afpaoHKa H3il,reHeHr4ff
BO BpeMeHH [r0Tepb
6orxe AaHHbrx, orHocfli Harr,opaLH (Sur<cupyrorcflHa QraalrpaqnoHHoM npn6ope,
ulr4xcf K Jrro6oMyMoMeHry o n H c a H H o MB p a 6 o r e t 4 l ) B , K o J r b M a r r 4 p y e McoJMr o e n e c K a H
flJreHoqr-rofi
snntrparlr4H r43 IIJiCFIKC.
6accefiHa c ycJroBr{eM,rrro flpnuqurrrHa.rrbHafl tt
cxeMa orrpeAeJreHr,rfl rroKa3a.Ha Ha
BCJIHqHI{A6 MO}KCT 6UTT pl4c. 21. fpa,Sur< LH(t) fiocrpoeH rro ,pesyrrbraraMHccJreAo-
3aMepeH a c oTH ocr4TeJrbH oft BaHI.II?, ,cBHAeTeJIbcTByroUuX o ToM, rrro XapaKTe'pKpI4BOfiOT-
ilorperrrHocrbro l0-15% JIO} KCHHfB3BCUI CHHbIIX I ACTHUB I I O PAX I I CCKAN O 6PA3O BAHUf f ,
(6 aonNHa cocraBJlflrb npu. l l a ef o lr r oBepxHocr HiI JI eHKr 4Aocr aTor r Ho pe3Ko H3M eHf ler cf l,Ha
9TOM He MeHee 0,5 'CM), rpaHrrrle pa3AeJra rrepHoAoB ,orJrolKeHHfl.flepatrri nepr{oA xa.
Puc. 21. Ipa$Nx H3rvreHeHufi Bo BpeMeHr.l tlro6nr ,rtoAcrruTarbrrapa- pa'Krepr{3yercr 6o.nee MeAJreHHbrMpocroM BeJrH*rH'Hbr A,H. 3ua-
[orepr, Hanopa AH n 3aKoJrbMarrrpoBaH-
HOM CJIOCNCCKA I,I NTCHKE Merp //, Heo6xoAHMoonpe-i qeH He hr YI O XaSbI BaeT nO TepH Har [ O pa, BbI 3BaHHbI eKO JI bM aTa-
'BeJIHTILIHbI M, W
A,xrfnz cgn AeJIHTb , IIH eft necKa K HaqaJr y o6pasonaHt r r r r r Jr eHKH.CneAyer or M e-
Ycr H 0. CpeAHIoIo MyrHocrb rHTb, r{T,onepexoA or oAHoro nepuoAa K ApyfoMy Mox(er 6brrb
B nepHoA MelKAy nycKoM B b r p a > K e HH H e . c r o J r b p e 3 K o , r ( a K r e r o r r o K a 3 a H o H a p u c . 2 1 .
6acceriuaBpa6oryupa I-lapaMerp A onpeaeJrflerur rpeMrr onoco6aMu:
tleTI{bIM BpeMeHeM OIIpe[Qr rrcr r loJr b3oBaHr . I eM sM nr 4pHr r ecKHXKpHBbr x, yCTaHaBJTHBaI O -
Jrflror He pelKe 2-3 pa3 B; tqux cBr 3b kn lr \ cr ( unu A) co , cBof icr Bail{r rBoAbr , I nocr yr r ar c-
HeAeJrro.Be"nuquua rw xou- qeri Ha HH$HJr br par I HFo;
Tnn.nun\/trTlccI n TTnMnIIi}\lo r T T ' n n F n A T rrrTr r Jv rA
tr
r \ / f rur gpv v. ^r v,/n_ {tvn n p n r r t t # L r2
rrq
n n r - T Tr sl l vnl vrr\ r 6ctrraitua r{ l rt tr r -
- ^ v ^ r ^ v - v - v
vrrur vqvvvltllv,

B oA OMepoB c ' cyMMH pyIo- cpr.r,nrrpoMerpe lrJrt Qu"rrrrpaqr{oHHoM n'pu6ope c HcnoJrba,oBa-

ul uMH ycrpoftcrB aMH . E e IILIeMgaBr.rcuMocrerl (ra6.rr. 7), ronyqgsHbrx H3 pacr{erHbrx
'ra6Jr.6) peirreHHeMo6parHofi 3aAa'qfiorHocr{-
xrox(Ho rar(>Ke ycTaHoBr.lTb Sopvry.rr(crur. ,
HA OCHOBCCHCTCMATI4TICCKO. T e / r b r { or [ a p a M e r P aA ;
ro :Jal,lepan0cr)'I]albul[x n Hefioc'peAcTBeHHbrM oirrpeAe,'reHHeM Be/rH'qHHkn H y"* npH
6 a c c e i t s rt p a c x o A o B B o A b l . o6c,leAoBaHHH 6acceiiHarroc/reero orropo)KHeHus HJrLrB neplt-
4 0 50 60 70 s0ry% Als sroro ueJlecoo6paeHo oA 3r(c[nyaTar\vw.
HCrroJrb3oBarb AHaQparMbl flepnlrr? ciloco6 npuMeFlrror Ao craI.Lru T3A. llpn aroM
Puc. 22. SarncHmocru o6o6qeHHoro na-
nqMprrra 1z'1 'r u n Ye rrrfrvlv^ I
D t-^
\rru
pa3rHr{Hbrx KOHcrpyKIII,Ifi, flapaMerp A o,rpeAeJrflrorrro rpaSHKy. ycraHaBJr],rBarour:eMy
ruacce) coAep)KaHr,trr McJtKonbrJreBarbrx tr oA0, no-
rJruHr{crr,rx $paxqurl B DoAe, noAasacmofi
Ha Hurpulr,rp;rriuro 3yJrbrarbl Ha6JIIOAeHHII 3a AaBaeMor? Ha r.rH$Hrbrpauulo, rJII{uHcrbIX
H Me,rrKonbr/reBarbrx
cpa6orKoft ypoBHfl BoAbI I{acr}iu p, olo, ftuc. 22) l7l,
B 6accefiHe. Bropofi cnoco6 rrBJIt{ercrr6o"necHaAex(FrblM, Tar( r(ar{ Aaer
/{ocroHucrBoM g r o r o MeroAa f B J l f l e r c t l T o , q T o M o ) K H O n 0 - BO3MO>Kr-rOCTb IIOnyt11i16 O,6O6UIeHr{Oe sHaqeHHeA, OCpeAHeII-
JIY'IIITI O C P C A I { C H I . I b I C 3 H A I I E H 1 4 f l N LJrfl 6onrurofi IIJIoxlaAlI. Hoe Iro ecefi fi'rJloillaAr.r Hn$u"nr,ipaquu. Ec,nu npoH3B'oAcrBeH-
100 r0l
 I
I qo v rAt 4 r +n s r t tt a ",l. ahnnurrirtr
-vlrNrJurDr
fifitt
Acrn
,rnltananatrrrtfl
vlrylAudrsrlrlrt
hAhar'^F-a
lt.ly4fYlE|PA
I
/.1 fi.reMnepary:pypgan 'B__HeM.
_iip" ,rroArrepioM
pex(r.rMe
{lunr-
I F
TP aI I ult BM ecTO Hn*t , Hn 14 H* B paCqeTHble 3aBECAM O CTH
flepuoA pa6orbr
6accefisa.
I
| ^ IOnX'us '6urt BBeAeHapasHocrb orMeroK ypoBHf BoAbrs 6ac-
Oco6essocru l, 3asncur.rocru .a
-'rt cefiHe H B ilIeJreBoMrrrbesoMerp€co rrleJrbro,pagMeruenHofiHe-
KoHcrpyKIrHHorKocoB |
I nocpeAcrBeHHo,rroA saKoJrbMarHpoBaHHbrM cJroeMnecKa t4l.
I I nepr.ro4
. c"rre4yeT,ora4erl4Tb,
rITo o'npdAeJreHHfl
kn H lcrc ,n,ocJleono-
(4 g= c o n s t): pox(HeHfis6accer?Ha(u.rruBo BpeMflero pa6ornr) oKa3brBaror-
HenpoHHrlaeMbre
Hn+t-Hn

q g B z( t r + 1 - t n )M

qeHne SunmpallnoHHoro conporHBJreHnfi lrrJreHKr.r Ao:61k" H

H pI3BecTHo.M 6 senH.rnHykn. BennqHubrftn H tcx OnpeAeJrrl-
* mr)@i+,- nt) Iorcs no -HecKoJrb'KHM (3-5) noilepeqHr{KaM,npr{ rpex rorrKax
s a M e p a B K a N ( A o MH
. a o r K o c e 6 a c c e f i H ar n a p a M e r pk n o n p e -
III nepuo4 AeJrflror,Sir"rrrrp'oMepoM co cKorfieHHoftHHx{Heft,Kopo6Kofi,npH-
(H" : const): 2 (t,', - ti q'*'n+r 6opa
. HenpoHuqaeMbre /: M (46)' flpa pacrrerax 6ac'cefiuon,coopyx{aeMbrxB rpaBHfiHo-ra-
H* (qzn- q'o+)
JIeqHHK,oBbrx rpyHTax c sarpy3Kor?HnH 6es Hee, flapaMerp
Moy*, BXoAflIJ{HfiB Sopnay.rry(40), Mox{Ho Bbrr{Hcflr,rrb Heno-
. npoHnqaeMbre Als onpeAeJrenr{rr
A HcnoJrbayercflrpoprray.na
(46),. cpeAcrBeHHoH3 9TOfi sOpirny.ubr, oflpeAeJrflflABa MoMerrTaBpe-
rre Qn: enll(B+ I J4\tm H*,\ Lali $71: dneHu tn H tnil Lr norepn :Haflopa LHn, H LHn, Ha OlrbIT-
' HoM r{H$r{Jrb'rparlr{oHH'oru 6aocefiHelr.ru.r$rnntrpaufioHHoM npH-
Qn*r: Qn+Ll[(B+ t,s+I/Mn*) Lo] 6ope. flapar,rerp Noyn HaxoAHrcff[oA6opoM ]r3 ,coorHorueHHff
(no- 2N oy*cot2)t n+l
Hbre SaccerlHbrrnpeAnoJraraercffgrrcnJryari{poBarbHa pexHMe L H n z - L , H n t : f f i n (ry,- 2N oy^cot t,
(48)
{:const, To napaMerp .4 cJreAyer on'peAeJrflTb no gaBr4cr.rMo. ,+)
c r H ( 4 4 ) v , i l l r ( 4 5 ) , a . H a p e x ( r { M el l l : c o f l s t - , r r o o a B H C H M O :
cru (46). Ec.na xe 6accefiusr HaMerrdercfloKcrrJryarupoBarb 5. B'O C'CTAHO B'JI EHHE, PACXO AA
no cJr'olKHoMy rpaQuxy, napaMerp A ueo6xoAlrMoprleHr4rbrro: 'pacxoAa r.rH$HJrbrpaquonubrx
A;rs'BoccraHoBJreHi{ff 6ac-,'
pe3yJrbraraMr4ccJreAoBaHr{fi KaK Bo 'BTopoM,raK r{ B TpeTbeM
cefiH,oB gaKo/rbMaTHpoBaHHbrfi cflofi rpyHTa r.r ,nJreHKaIrepHo-
IIepHoAe.I-Ip a He6oflblur,rxp a cxox(AeHr4rrxMeN(AyBbrrrncJr€HHbr:
-AHrrecKHpereHepupyrorcff.Heo6xolruafr, qa'crora,,cnoc,o,6brLr
MU SHaqeHnfl,MH A g xarrecTBepacrreTHor'o. npHHHMaeTcfcpeA:
fipneMbrpereHepaqunsaBHcfll oT THna 6accefisa,pexnMa ero
Hee; B nporHBHoM cflyrrae napaMerp A cJreAyelBbrrrrrcJrflrb pa6orrr, rpaHyJroMerpr{qecr(orococraBa rrtopoA, IroACTHJrdro:
TI fI<l \2q aLrll.\ Fn r, rr rr av fy\ Ir Ir vr \A q . tttl
v
AIL'L [tqrrrAvr
IrIHx AHHrrIecoopyx(euuit, KaqecrBa BoAbr,rnoAaBaeuofiua no:
IIpn H,ccJIeAoBaHHffx,r{oropbre Moryr 6urr,cpa'BHHTe/rbHo [IOJrHeHHe, 14 rHAPOreOfi,OfHrreCKHx ycnOnufi.
KJnIMaTAqeCKHX
HerrpoAoJr)KHreJrbHbrMH (n rnpeaeJraxl-3 Mec), saMepflroT, Onnmpynuafl crloco6HocTb6accefiHos Bo.ccraHaBJrr{Baer-
SHarIeHHfiIOJIHbIXpa,CXOAOB Qn H Qa*r, noAaBaeMbrxB 6aC-:.i crr c HX [peABa'pr{reJIbHbIM olropa}KHHBaHHeM(I rpynna) H
cefiH, HItr4rny6uu BoAbrs 6accefise Hn 14Hnil B' Teqeur.re 5es ono'pax(HHBa'H:afl.
(lI rpynna). B nepBoMc,ryqae AJrflBoc-
MyrHocru sa Bpeyrr tn+t-tn [Io rroJrHbrM'pacxoAaM BbrrrEC.: Hfl-roTcJleAyroulr4eorroc,o6br:Hc;rroJrbsyroT ecTecTBeHHbre
Jrfror yAeJrbHbrepacxoAbr. sax-
Topbr (aerep, ooJrHue,Bo3Ayx, r. e. pereHepauHFo 6es yAaJre-
Bo'npervrrrHa6Jrr,oAeurafi
Ha onbruroru,6aocefiHeHeo6xoAr.rM0 rrr4fl,nneuru), ilpon3BoAffTpbrxJreHr{e sonaurofi H 6opouona-
QurcupoBarb ypoBeHb fpynroBbrx BoA noA AHHTTIeM 6accefiHa HHeM;CHHManTBepxHufi ear,rJreHHbrft cnofi lr irJIeHKy'BpyrrHyro
('uro6u y'eraHoBnTb HafiHr{ue Lrntu orcyr,crBl{e IroATonJIeHHff)
cxpe6xauu, yAa;rffror Hs 6accetina cHflrylo co AHa nrac0y no-
t02 t03
 , A.nf qI{cTI(H r.rH{lu.-nt.rparI.I,to]tHL,Ix
Mexa-H?r-qMbr eoopy]Kesufi
TIaraMVn rpaHcinoprepaMu.C'uuviaror BaKoJrbMarupoBausuii
Aol>xHrr orBeqa'rb cfieAylotqrixr lpedcnaHtlfl M:
cnofi lt'IrJreHKyMexaHHsMaMri (6y.uraoeepoM,cKpelrepoM,oKc- ' o6 ecne. r uBar b per yJr npo'BKy r oJr u{HHbI cHuM aeM or o sar pr B-
KaBaropoivr14 r. A.). flp, rIepeqHcJIeHHbIx c'noco'6axpereHe- '
H eH H O'|OCJr O f ri r pyHTa;
parrrr HH$lr"urrpauuoHHbre coopyxeHnfl Bo BpeMfl qI4cToKHe uMerb rpaHcirroprupyroqufi opraH, rrlogBollflroulnr:t'[epeMe-
,
pa6orarcr.
rqarb cr{flryio Maccy fpyHra 3a i[peAeJIbI rcoopy)KeHHfl;
Cnoco6 ecrecrBerrnortpereHepaqi{Hrrpr4 MeHflrorqacro. /{JItl Ha rpyt{T e TeM,
o6ecnc.lr,IRzrrb MI.IIII.IrvraJrrrFroe /IaB,/teT-II'Ie
6accefinoBcesoHHoroAeftcrefirlB rpyrlrax c naa.noft [p.o]tt4uae- qro6rr r r ocJlc npoxoiKAeuilt l M cxaHI I 3M a I I o Q r a, usr pyt or t 1efno- t
Mocrbro, a rar{)Ke AJIF,rpaBtI{bIX 6accefillog. flpu HerlpepblB- BepxHocrH .rpyHT IIe ylnJIoTHflJICfl ;
Ho AeficrnyprlluX 6a,cceftsaxAJrrrnpLIMeHeHHflecrecrBenHofi rre Ao'r r ycr ( ar b I I epeM eiI I HBalI LI f lt lHcr of o f pyHTa Q 3ar pf l3'
pereHeparryH ueo,6xoAi.rMbI ycJIoBHfi, o6ecnequBaioilrue 6uct-
HCHHbI M;
p,oe onopo)KHeHHe6acceiiHoe,I{HTe'rict4BHyIo MI4HepaJIH3aIrHIo ,6ITTT TPAHCIIOPTA6CNIHbIM}I, :MaHOBPEHHbIMH TI IIPOXOAH-
nJreHKutr safpfl3Henufi,cxonnBrrruxcflB 3aKoJIbMaTI4poBaHHoM \'
MbI MLI.
cJIOe, V BO3MOX(HOCTb pasBeH'Ba:l]^nfl,'Berp0M 'TJILIHI{CTbIXH nbl-
I,tlgnorlsyeMble B oreqecreeHHofinpaKTHKeMaIIII4HbM Me-
J re Ba rb IX ' q a c rH u . O6 n acrb ri l ' puMeH eH l 4fl gToro npo' crefi ti l ero " .
xaHH3Mbro6aaAator ilepequcreHHblMltceoficrBaMI'tHe B IIoJI-
cnoco6a orpalltItIeHa, 14 ecp$eI<rpereHepat{t4I4,I(aI( npaBIIJIo,
norl Mepe. B HacroflureeBpeMq s AKX I,IM.K. A. llarvr$Hno-
Henonunfi. ea MXKX PCOCP saKaHr{HBaerrcfl pa3pa,6oma 6onee ,coBep-
PereHepaIrHIo 'ltotsepxHoicrn llttsu.nnrpaqHH 'BcrlaurKoft, iMCXAHHS MO,B.
IIICHHbIX
pbrxJreHueN{ H r6opoHonaHr.reMr4crroJlb3ylorB 6accefiuax, r4Melo-
Ko II rpy['ne pereHepa'uHH orHocflrcr rHApa'BJIuqeoKI{e
lrlux Ha AHe c.na6onpouuqaemttfirpyHlI4JII,I iloqtsy, H MaJIyIo cnoco6lr qr{crKrl - rfl'p,o,ilycK'rr,oBbrllreHHbIX
pacxoAoB, H.clIoJIb-
r.rry6nuy.K AocrouHcrBaM cnoco6a MolKHo o'THecrHcpaRHH- SOBaHHe 3eMCHapflAOB H yCTaHOBOK C BbICOKOHaInOpHbIMI4
TeJrbHyro rrpocToTyrfipoqecca'qI4cTKH6acceiina, a K HeAocTaT' crpyfiMLI t4l. CyuecrBeHHbIMI{ HeAocrarKaMI{ 6o.nuuuHcrBa
KaM - cony'rrcrByrouyrcevry'He6oJrblxyrcr[poAoJt)KI{TeJIbHocrb rHApaBJrHrrecKHXcnoco6oe pereHep aI\vH rrBJifIoTCr orcyrcrBl{e
SH.rrlrpOUHKaaH CpaBIIHTeJIbHO Ue6Onlurne cpeAHer'OAOBbIe
K ol rrpoJrn 3a I ( ar r ecTBoMr pt 'cr r ( r i, ueo6xoAllM ocr b l{e, npepblBHo
cKo'pocru uu Su,rrbrpaIrlIH. orB ol r lr r b lr r poM blBoqHyloBO AY, of paHuqLI 'Bar b pa3l{epbl coopy-
llp" pyuuofi qucrKe (AJrq I rpynnu cnoco6oe) crluMaercf > K eHI , t, f lHe[ 3i6e) KHocr b'BbI Hoca I leKor opof . o I ( oJI LI qecr Ba'I I ecKa
--^--e -^--^",,.'P' ^-^"',nn^yro dn-ttrttrrn# 1K-? nl\,f
Ha11uuJlgg 5aI vJrul/r llEuAct I \J../lIl-\rII.I\r.rr !s'J v vtrr
P}1Sntr.Hl-lDIIll
3a' l tpel{eJr br HH$H. nlr paunoHHor o coopy) KeHl4f i li r pyAHO Cr H
B M e c re c rn te tt' x o fi . E c,l u tl ucrfr oA H H pa3 B foA , TO 3arptl 3'
trpu r ir epeM exr eHul,af I per ar oB c o6t eicr a Ha o6r exr .
senuurt flecoK rcrpe6arcr s pflAbI Lr yAaJIfIor c rnoMolllbto
l n p e A eJl bl ' fA e K cnoco6avr Boc,craHoBJIeHI{tISuntrpyroulefi cmoco6s,ocTu
rp a H c fl o p re p a 3 a cOOpy]K eH H fl , efo npo' nycK al or
u r i , S u n m p a u H o H I ' I b I X ' 6 a c c e f i H o e6 e s ' n p e A B a p H r e J I b H o r r o l o -
rrepe3 necrovror?r<n AJltr noBTop'Hofo I{ciloJtbgoBaI{I'Ir vrllv IBbI'
po)KHet{r4tI Mo}KHo orHecrn pbIxJIeI{He'IIJIeI-IKI{B rIepHoA pa6o-
6 p a c n n a l o r l ra c Ba J rKy. P y.l uan q?rcTr(a l l oK a 3H aql rTeJrbH o Tbr,1 6a'ccef r uon, a , TaK) r ( epaBBeAeHHeB ! I i. {x olt eul4aJI bHbI Xpac-
p a c f l , p o c r p a H e H ar l p n g K o r r J r y a r a l r n u ' 6 a c c e t Z H o BKaIIHTaJIbHoro
renaf i H nopoA pbl6, cnoco6clByloulax I {enpepblBHoM y pbI xJI e-
T L IIa , c o O p y X(a e Mb IX B necK aX U JIH C i neC ' l aH Ofi _S arpyS X ' Ofi H H ro, t pllnr , r pyloulef r nO BepXlI oc'I 'I 4H ocuo6O lKAeHHI o, 6ar C'Cef iHa
'w 6acceftuu c '6etouHbIi\4I4
AHa. Bpyuuylo npHXOLHTcfl,tIHcTHrb oT BeilIecTB, ycKopflIoull4x npoueccbl KoJIb\,{aTaqHW H Sal|'^IIVEa-
Be p T H Ka J Ib H b IMHo rK o c aMH .,[l ,o' crouH crB oN { cnoc' o6a fB JIfl eTcn Hrrfl. Sror 'cn'oco'6 cpaBHHreJIbHo JIerKo ocyuecrBllM. O4naxo
TiIIaTeJibHocTb'TIHCTKI'I, a HeAocTaTI(aMH - SHa'qHTefib'Ha'ITpy'
qH - eul e' Her Aocr ar or lHblx AaI I HbI X o er 'o ar pQ eNr uBH'ocr u.
Ao e N ,tr(o c rb ,c p a B H H T e JIbH o66ngnan i IpoA oJIx(H TeJIbI{ocrb
c rK l a fi s a B l c v tMo c rb e e' or noroA H bl x ycnoeH fi .
' 6aoceftnu o' 6nerqeu-
Me x a H u 3 Ma MH ' K a I ( ' [p aB fi Iro, LIH crfl T F n a e a VII. I.HAPOAPIF[,4M[4{IECK?IH PACTIET
H o ro rg [a . Ao c ro u H c rBo raxoi t l IrIcrK H - H e3H aqI' ITeJIbH aree
- r?n
l llJ
h n Frt
UlJMlTl
n dnrrn
l-,I-r\Jr-
nmY
r.C,
rf\ n IlrT,r-
l \,rrlrr'qrr
B O A O S A 6 O P O BB C H C T E M E p lB n B I T p In A
HbI CHHMACMO|O CJIOfl; INflCIIKA H KOJIbMATAHT NCPC'MOITJHBAIOT' E nOJrO)l(EFr14fi
1. CElrd14
rlnc-
cfl ,c'TIHCTbIM IIeCKOM, yAaJIflIO'TCf 3HarII4TeJIbHble'O',obeMbI
rrroKasareJifl
O'cuo'nnbrM.H IoUILIMH ecp,Qextu'B-
MlI, otnpeAeJIfl
r o r o [ e c K a . S K C K a e a r o p a M I({u n u A p y r H M I ac p e A c f B a M I {M e x a '
HocTb T,ICKyCCTBeHHOTO BorcIIoJIlIeHI4fl 3a'IIacoB TIIoAgeMFIbIX BOA,
n " u u t l " " ) v r o x u o ' i I O J I H o C T b IyoA a J I g T bs a K o J I b M a T H p O B a U U u f i
MOX(HO npHHflTb CJIeAyIOIIIHe:
cnofico,u.Ha'saqcefiuOB.Crpasufiuofisarpysxofi.
105
104
 fr,elnr BoAoeadopiroro
codpylReHuH ypoBHf,
rr,iloH?rxeHr.rfi noroKa
4nt,6esHarnopnoro
IloA3eMHIrIXBOA B yc/IOBLIflxH'CKy'CCTBeHHOIO'BO,CIIOJI'HeHHfl
;
fHApoAHHaMHrrecKHfi KnA r4HsHflbrpar{}roHHbrx
coopy)Ke- Ss: he-
\1
(52) hz-=#^",
nufi;
rHApoAHsauu'qecrufixoessHrlr{eHr HcKyccrBeHH,oro Boc- r.u,e Qo - pacxoA BoAo3a6opa; k - xoe$0ur{r.reur Sr.r.nrrpauur.rBoAoHoc-
Hbrx nop'oA; m - Nr,orqHocrbBoroHocHoro ropu3oHTai R" - rHApaBruqe-
1IIOA3
rroJrHeHHfl eMHbrXBOA. rrJla,cTaB ycJroBufx gKcnJryaTa-rIHHnog,osa6opa
cKoe conp,oTr.rBJreHue npH
paCXOAe.
SaAaHHOM
2 . O n P E A E J T E H HnEO H H X E H H Tv{ P O B H f lB O A b I
H PACXOAABOAO3AEOPA Ecnn BoAo3a6oprnpeAcraBJreH .uuuefiHtrupflAoM cKBalKH'H,
pacnoJrox{eHHbrx rrapaJrJreJrbHo peKe (puc. 23),,coorBercrByro.
Pa'cqer 83anMoAeficrsusun0unurpa'quoHHbrxH BoAosa'6op- Irlrdepa,cqerHbre,conportrBJreHHfl (R" - B 'ToqKeM u Rao - !
Hr,rxcoopyxeHHrl qene,coo6pasHo npoBoAlrTbc HcnoJrb3oBaHr4- u A o 3 a 6 o p aI n p f i -
s o A o s a ' 6 o p a ) ' n p u ' 6 o n r u r o r t , r r p o r f l x { e H H o cBr o
eM Mer,oAa,c$I1€pilo3Hrll.ru(ua.u,oxeuun reueuufi). 'fIpi.r 3ro'M HI{MaIOT'BHA:
o6u,ee noHHlKeHHe ypoBHfl mciA3eMHbrx BoA S B soAosa6opax Rs: 2n l(L" - x) I 1"1; (53)
cn'creMbrr{,cKyccTBeHHoro a TaK}Ke'Bo 'Bcex Apy-
BocrroJI'HeHHff,
rax roqKax BoAoHocnororrrJracraB 3oHe snun:nufr,BoAo3a6opon DB 0 : - 9 zn t v
LB ,, - 2 ,l i^- t - r 6
A (54)
ercf rrrocJIeAyIoilIr{M3aBIrcHMocTfi
onpeAeJrfl M: T
lB
f
n rtfo
AJrfl Ha'II.OpH'OIO'[JIaCTa rAe 21,"- A,nHHa no.qoaa6opa;L, - paccroflHue or pei(H Ao noAosa6opa;
S:Ss-So; (4e) n - r(oJrHqecrBocKBaxurr BoAo3a6opa; 2o - paccroflHr.teMexAy cKBaxH.
HAM?I.
A.[s 6es'HanopHororrJracTa
Auanoru,qHblM o6'paeou Mox(H,o paccrruTarb noBbIIueHI,Ie
s : f t e- [ h ' "- G " - sr)(zhu-sB* so), (50) ypoBHfl IIoASeMHbIXBOA 3a ,CrreTH,CKyCCT'BeHHO|O BOCnOJIHe-
rAE S" BOAOAA6OPA,
HHr,. B ot6ueu cflyqae pacxoA uHQunrrparluoHHbrx,co,opy)Ke-
NOHUX(EHUC YPOBH'I IIOA BJII{flHHCM9KCNJIYATAIII,IH
So -
onrpqleJrseMoe6es yrrera prcKy'ccrBeHHoroBocnoJIHeH,Hfl; noBblueHHe Hrfr ,nepHoAHr{ecKH HgMeHflercff'Bo BpeMeHHHB-3a KoJIbMara-
5rporBHfnqA3gMHbrx BoA 3a c'rreTI4cKyccT'BeHHoro HaxoAHTcrI
BocIIoJI.HeHHfl, UHH AHa '6accefiuos. OAHaxo B '6onlunHcrBe cryqaeB 'rrpeA-
6es yqera n'q4osa5opo,u; hu nepBoHarraJrbHaflMorrlHocrb 6esHanopuoro M r npaKTUqeCKHX
cTaBJI f leTCfBO SM O I I {HbI B pacr r eTax He yr r HTbI -
noTr-)l{,
rr al'b ar H r {3M eHeHHf lH npHr {HM aTb pacxoA r au$unnr par r Hu Hg
HcKy,ocrBeHHbrxrco,opy>xenarllno BoorroJIHeHlIro n,ocrofl'HHblM.
I4cno.[rsoBaHr{eNreToAacynepno3l{Iruu B AaHHoM cJlyqae
3ro o6ycaoBJreHo reM, rrro Ha rrrpaKTaKe o6uqu,o HCIttoJrbgyer-
Bo3Mox(HonoroMy, tITo KaK'RoAo3a6opHble, TaK I,t nH(lunb-Tpa'
,coopyxeHHfi,npaKTHqecKr{ pa6orarot 'n pe>KI{Me3a- cs 6o.nrilroe rrH,cJrofi Irx 'qncrKa ,npougBoAnTcfl' He oATIoBpe-
uHoHHbre -
A a H H o r o' p a c x o A a ( y c n o n u e I I p o A a ) . E c n H ) K e u H $ u n m p a -
rrrrr\ frlrLra '6cr.n,nofirrr-T ' a r r . n r T TI T \ r q ' n l r n \ / I Tncr El \t,n nr\rlltcrv frTnnrrpnrnfi
rJ\lrvtlllglv vqvvvllrrul vI\v'lrdLJqLtryJ rvrv/l D urv/A^rvrrv^rt
JvoLvDrrll/L

FraJr,opHofi ,Qu.nnrparlnr{ (ycnonue I poaa), K,ofAa HX AHo 'npn

gKCrrJryaTarIHHnoATatirJrH'Baercfl,To MeroA'cylleprllo3HqLIu He.
rrpr4,MeHHM.B sroM cflyrlae c;IeAyer I{c'IIoJIb3oBarb cneqflaJlb-
H b Ie Me T OA b Ip a c rl e Ta, B qacTH ocTLIMOA eJII{pOB aH I{ e.
'BoAo-
fIoHuxeHuR ypoBHff noA3eMHbix BoA 'noA BJTLTflHHeM
sa'6opon Se Mo)KHo rorreHu'Barb no o6H.ruofi vier'oAuKe pacrlera
B o Ao 3 a ' 6 o p H b rxc ,o o pyxeH rafi 6es H cK y' ccrB eH H oro' B ocIIoJIH eH H fl
[o A 3 e M H b rx Bo A . 3 ra MeroA I{ K a H 3JIOX { eH aB O MH OI}IX pyK O'
[3, 30, 31 n r. n.].
BoAcrBax
c a Mo M ,o c u { e M B LIA e IIOH I{ p \ /
v J

e O A rJ OT t6aOp{ Mo x { e t,6bttt) 3arnH caH :O

AJrrI Ha'II'OpHO'fo'IIOTOKa
Sg : Q"R"/ 4nkm 1 (5 1 ) Ptrc, 23. Cxerrla K pacqery tnsefinoro Pnc. 24. Cxe*raK pac'rery npornxeHnofi
floraOopay peru cucreMbl6accefiuon(ranana) y pexr

106 107
 'BOA Ha n'O4Oga',6o'pe InpH cl'o 3l(a[Jlyarauul{ 'B
ycaoBggx
MeHI{o.B pesyJrbrareo6rUuii eyMMapHL,rft paexo/l u-c uH(Sr4ab- HbIX
TPar{nouHbrxcoopyx{eHfii'locraercs 6o,neel{JuI i\{eHee[ocToflH- B OC Ir I O JI f lgf lllf
KaK
l, ylKe oTM e\ I aJI O M
Cb, O ll( lI O 't lpcAc'r aBHTbAJI f l
HrIM, xoTrl uuQn,urrpaquoHutlii pacxo/d Lr3 KalKAoro ,orAeJIb- H arro pHblx BoA TaI {:
HOIO6aCCerluaMolKeTrcyrqecrBeHHo 'B Teqe'Hr4e
r,t3lleHflTr,cfl pa- O.
so:
Qu
/?u,,- nu. (59)
6 o.{ero Qrli,rrl'rp ou rrr(Jra ar(crrJrya r aur.rH coop )rx1ssrt{t. 4nlent fi;
B o6u{ev BIrAe pa_cqc'rHh,re gatsr.rcnMoc'rur A.rrflorrpeAeJreHi.rr{
noeutrileHlliiypoBIItt So Mo)KI{otnpeAcraBr.rTb Peruat ypa'BIIetIIrc (59) rot'ltO(:ll'l'e.ill,p lla
( )C X O A aQ " , ' I I O J l y -
cJreAyrotqr4M o6- TII,IM
pa3oM:
Anfl HaTropHoforrJracTa Q":t# )-ea# (60)
56 : QaRal4nhm; (55)
A , { s ' 6 e s H a l r o p H o rnoo r o K a
Qa
Ra- h?* h", (56)
2nk
rae Qo cpe'lHliIi pacxoA BoAbr, noAasaen4or? Ha Bocno,rrHer{He;Ro BOI,{bI
ll: X
rIIApa,BJlt{qe'cxoe
rU fi n O I {CKyCCTBeHHO M y'BO O I I O JI HeHHI O , I I O A3eM
conporr{rBJrerFrlre
lJracra ilpl,t Aeficrilulr 6acceirHoe c nocro-
rpacxoAoM.
flHrrbr,M :
AQ Qo ( R o l R u o. ) (61)
'r lr o
Arrr rrHc,rreHHolo onpcAe/reHufl(lyHxrlur.rRo rvroryr 6urr VI e cpopir ay. uu( 61) cJleAyer , yI lcI I 'lt I CHr le pacxoAa llo-
HCnO/rb3OBaH r HbA
r p o A L r H a M H q e c K H e ' p e u e Hl .ri4l nf l n o 4 o s a 6 o p - ilpl{ 'Bocln, oJI HeHHH
He paBHo pacxoAy BoAbI , \ noAa-
A o3a6opa
Hbrx coopy)Kenrfi,:rrrJrouIaAoK, ,KoHTypHbrx cucreM v r. I\. B aeM O f LB H'H$HJI bTpaI I HO HHbICoOe py) KeHHf lQ u, a cocr aBJlf ieT
Hanpuvep, AJrr r{H0HJrbrpa'rlnoHHbrx KarraJroBr4nrr4,cr.r,cre- JIr{ II b r I aCTbef o, O I I peAeJlf leM yr ocooTllolllelll{elt cilH, lur Paqlt ou-
MbI irlpr{MornueftHopac;rioJro)KeHHbrx'6acceri'uo's, op?reHTHpo- H brX conpor llBJleHiaf i Ro H Ruo I {JI Hr HAp or . VHaM I lqecKHMKI I A:
BaHHbIxrlapa/rJreJrb'Ho peKe kr HMerou{HX6onl,uyrc rnporfl}K,eH- In : Ro/Run. (62)
H,OCrb(/o) 70), co'npornBJre'Hrre Ro nurpalKaercfl cJreAyrour.rM
Coor uor ueHHe ( 62) qHcJI eHFI oonpeAeJI Her I ( o30SHI r HeHr
o 6 p a s o m ( p r a c .2 4 ) : ( 62) Br AHo, qr o r r HApoAHHaM 6qecNufKllA
i
n" . Vs, euiaxeHlt f l
R 6 : 2n [(L6 x) I 16], (57) gaB HcHTHe ToJI bKOoT pa3M epoB H paclloJlox{eHuf l HHQ HJI bTpa'
rl.e lo - paocroflHr{e or 64ccefi,u,onAo peKr.r;2la - nporflx{eHHocrb cH. U tr,o'HHbI6accef
X i'Hos ( . conpor uBJleHHeRu) , Ho r aKlKe H oT r I {-
CTeMbIBOCnoJLHeHHg BAOJIbjpeKH. fl a v pasM euleHgf BoAo3a6opHbI X coopylKeHgf t ( conpor gBJle-
Bo,uee rroApo6HoperrreHuflpa3Jrr,rqHbrx
cxeM npHBeAeHbr
B H H eR s o )
pa6ore'[28]. B '.racrHocrl4, ec.lul BoAo3a6op rloA3eMHblx BoA rlpeAcraB-
Jrfer coi6oft JrHHefiHbrfipaa cKBalKHH, pacno,IIolKeIIIIbIX e1nusn
3 . O T T P E A E J T E HnHHEA P O A H H A M T , t q E C K OKIIO
A peK H ( cr nr .p6c. 23) , a: uHSur br pal( uoHr lble l6accelit t t t t pa3M e-
HH O H J T b T P , A U HHObHr x C O O P y X E H H pt rqaro r cf l , r r a'paJr Jr eJr b'Ho
BoAo3a60py ( cu. pr , r c.24) , r o $opM yJI a
(62) ,npuo;6peraer
BHA
KIIA HH+Hflb'rparrHoHHbrx,coopyx<eHufi 'rlu,flBnrrercfloAHr{M
Lrg,oc'H'oBHbrx
iror(a3aTeJIeft,
oilpeAeJrflroulHx'rHApoAHHaMHqe- r r nt:" ' l ( t , + + , " * )
/AQ\

cKy,ro erQq)exrH,BHocrb
cHcTer{brr{cKy,ccrBeHHoro Boc[roJ[HeHHs
noa3eMHbrx'BoA.oHau.recxH roe,ssHrI.HeHT rln rrpeAcraBJrfleT KnA [u 'He
C.neAyer orMeruTb, r{To rtIApoAlIHaMurIecKI4fi
oTHOrUeHr{e pacxoAa Doabl aQ, Ao'rIoJrHHTeJrbHo fl,ocryllarcrrr.efi BCerAaxapaKTepH3yeTAoJIIo uu$unilpaunoHHblx B'oA,'no'Ira-
B BOIO3a6OpUOe COOpy)KeHHe'rrpHpa6Ore HHSHflbrDarlHoHHbrx .[arcrrlHxK CKBa)Kr{HaM rBOAO3a60pa. Hanpnuep, 'IIpHpacnoJlo-
NNALIITNR V
I\ N
vvVrrr^vst
'BOAO3A6OPA NO'BCPXHOCTHbIC BOAbI,
BOA b IQo , r. 0 . TO'KY ITIOA3CMHbIXBOA OT
Ia: LQlQa. ( 58) lruSu.umpyrcuuecfi Hg 6accefiuon,'noo6ue Moryr rle Aoc'TI,I-
'He'MeHee
tIHCneHUOr{OSQSHrIr4OHT Trr OrlrpeAeJlflercf,r{CXOAfiH3 'CJre- farb BoAo3a,6opa.Terrn KnA raI(HX coopyx(eHHfirB
AyroulHx,cooi6pa)Keuufi.O6uree noHH)KeHlreypoBHfl \iroAseM- ooorBer'crLnhr'co,optutyJloft(62) He 6yAer paBeH Hyalo'. flo.no-

108 109
 >Krrelrb:g^afl,'poJrbH'HourbTpa,uHoH,Hbrx
coo,pyxeHHfi B eroM ,flpu SToM crtocodeBocnofl'HeHr.rfl
.A Frnr'^ ^
L.'ry las,uyAer' 'A---
rllpoflrJJlH't'bcfl B .iloArIpy>I(HBarHHI,l ecrecrBeHHoro noAseMHbrx BoArpggHoerb
g K c n J r y a r a q r { H ' u H $ u n t r p a r r H o H H b r x , c o o p y ) K e ' g,Hc fBi s s a H a , c
noT,oKarrroAse 'B
MHbrx BoA, pe3yJrbraTerrero BoAoSa6opovr_ 6y; HeooxoAlrMocrbrort4areJrbuofi noArorosKu BoAbrfiepeA [roAa-
AeT nepexBarblBaTb,cfl66ntwan'qacrb ecrecrBeHH,oro[oroKa.
yglj3 1z_uQuntrparlnro. 3@Qexrr{BHocrbpa6oru,cobpyxeuafi
HB|IB II iuna u npoAoJrx(HreJrbHocrb Mex{peMoHrHoro,repu-
4. OIIPEAEJIEHI4E FHAPOAHHATM,HTIECTKOFO KnA oAa onpeAeJrflIorcflItx'I(oH'crpyKTHBHbIMH OCO6eUHOCTflMH, A
C'I,ICTEMbI HBTIB Tal(x(e MeroAarMH, rnp4veHfleMbrMHAJrfl,noAAepx{aHHfl,I{x ,cra-
Kos,S'Qr4ruHeHr re$QexruBHocrr,IHcKyccrBeHHoro,Boc[oJlHe- 6unruoro Aeficrs[q- Heo6xoAnMocrb BoAonoAroroBKHcyrqe-
Hnfl na psBeH ,oTHOrUeHr{ro crBeHHo yAopo)KaeT HcKyCCTBeHHOe trrOAnI{TbIBaHr{e, [OSToMy
pa,cx,oAaBoAbI AQ, AO,noJrHHTe/rbHo
rrpr{BJreKaeuori BoAo3a'6opovilrlpH BOOiIOJrHeHrlrH, nep,cneKTHBHbrM CTaJIO eCTeCTBeHHOe sUntrpoBaHHe I{,orcrar,{Ba-
r< o6ulervry Hr.reH'cxoAHbrxInoBepxHocrHblx
pacxoAy,BoAo3ai60pHo'ro'coopylKeHrrfl 'B 9THXyCJTOBHfX: tsoA lrrepeArroAaqer?s u,uQrnnr-
rPaqu'oHHbre,coopyxeHHff.,Hapn4y c eruM trrpH co3As,Hrru3a-
rla: AQ/Q". (64) Kpbrrbrx l.ruQuntrparlr{oHHbrx'c,oop yx{euuli coBeprxeHcrByrorcfl
I(oaS,QrauHeHr gSSemHEHocrH Mox(er 6nrr onpeAeJreHrrr0 KOHCrpyKrlHHcKBaX(u'HuJrr4KoAoArreB,,B Koropbrx t[peAycMar-
uo'cJIeAylorqefi pacrlerHofi gaeuCHMOcTr.r : puBaercr r.rx 'pereHepsllprs. 3 arpurnre uuQu.nmparluouHbre
c'oopylKeHlrfllleJlecoo6paSHo,rlpHMgHfrb, KofAa ,B KarrecTBeHc-
n]a: -:*- , (65) TOI{HUKa IIOATIHTbIBAHUfl.HCrrOJrbSyrOTcfl BoAbr H3 ecTecTBeHHbrX
Ro * S,qo' orcrofinr.rKoB(osep, BoAoxpaHlrJrurrr,
q A e S a o n : 4 n k m S n o " l Q e. Apyror,o BoAoHocHororo-
(66) pI.I3oHTa),
Saon _- Aofl]ncruMoe noHH]KeHueypoBHrr noAspMHbrx BoA B C K B A X H H A X B O . AooquuleHHbre,crorrHbre BoAbr,orpa6orauHbre,BoAbI
,goea,6,opa. c y,cranoBoK'KoHAr{rlnoHr,rpoBaHHfl Bo3Ayxa }r r. A. B srorir cJry-
qae B KaqecrBe saKpbrrbrx uuQu.nlrpaqHoHHbrxcoopyx(eHufi
Koe0,OuqzeHr r|e H3Me'Hflercfi or 0 ao l. B [epBoM ,cJry{ae ycrpaHBaror ,6yponue cKBaxHHbr Lr pelKe /uraxrHbreKoJroAqbr
BJILIflHHeB,ocrIoJrHeHHfl rroAseMHbrx,BoA 'Ha ,pacxoA 'BoAosa6opa
u raJlepeu.
H e B e J IH i K O ,' BO' BT OpOM cl yrrae sOA OOr6OprnOaH OC TbrO O6eC neqU . flpu oTcyrcrBul{ ecrecrBer{Horoorcrofisuxa ueo6xoAurvro
BaeTcff ga cqer BocnoJI'HeHHrlnoAgeM'HtrxBoA.
o'cyilIecrBJrffTb'KoM[JreKC COOpyXeUHftA/rrr orcTa:nBa:f-nflBOAbr,
a TaK)I{ernpeABa'pHTeJIbHoe'$n.utrp'oBirHue.'O6tr.rHo oKagblBa-
er'cfl 'IIeJIecoo 6'pasuu tvtnp o eKTHpoBaTb,grreqLIaJrb'HbI e orKp bITbIe
I r a n a V I I I . I P O E K T I , I P O B A H H EC I , I C T E MI i B n B : r.rHQunlrparluoHHbre coopyrt<eHnflc ,cucreuofi or6.opa npo-
II TI,INA Qunmposasuefics noAbr lr noAaqefi ee E 'cKBa)KHHbr nnrr4Ko.
JIOAI{bI.Bax'uo orMeruTb, rITo 'KaqecrBoBoAbI,[oAaBaenrofi ,g
r. oErrlnE ,noJroxEHHf, uuQnnmpaqnoHHbrecoopy)KeHuflI4BilB II runa, MolKerB He-
xorop,of,rcrgrreHu yJryquarbcfl ,B BoAoHocrroM ropugouTe, a
tr4nQranrrparluoHHbre c'oopyxeHufi3aKpbrro,roII rurra pe. 3aTeM noABeprarbcfl ,npu ue,o6xoAHMo,crulnocJreAyrcrqefi,oqu-
KOMeHAyercfllrlpHMgHflTb'Bcflyrlaflx, KorAa SKcrrJryarupyerraufi crKe, H B 'qacrHocrH, xflo'pHtpoBa'HHeM. rHe'COOrgercrBLIe u,cxoA-
BoAoHo'ctrnftropHsoHTc no;BepxH.ocru 1flepeKpbrr,HerrpoHHrlae- Hofi 'soAH rpe6onaHufiM r,oCT 2874 73 "neo6xoAuMo corJra-
M b r M H ,c n a 6 o r n p o H a r r a e M b r M ( kH< l - 2 rvr/cvr)HilH,tnoucru. 'COBbIBATb.C OPISHAMI{ CAHI{TAPHOfi N.UCIIEKIIH'H.
MH (c HenpoHrzqaemsrvrH) ropoAaMn Moulsocrnn > 5 M. Ba-, llpn orHocuTeJrbHo uanofi MyrHocru BoAbr B ucroqHnKe
KpbrrbreuHsn.nmparrHoHHbre coopyx{eHHs
nosBoJrflrorssser.l H AO'rIyCTr{MOM,KaqeCTBe ee IIo ApyfIrM 'noKa-
liI'oAtIlITbI,BAHHfl,
THBHO pe,[rarb'npo6leuyr{cKyccrBeHHoro,rroAIrHTbIDaHHg
nOA- SareJIfM ;IIoAaIoT rrpaKTH'tIec'KH
HeoqI4[IeHHyIo eoAy B,CKBSX(I{-
SeMHbIX BOA TaKXe 'B ,TeX CJIy'qagX, K,OrAa He MOX(er 6rtTb HbI l{,Jrr,tKOJrOArrbr, c oSAaBa ff Ao n o JrHHTeJrbHbre I{o'HcTp yIff LIB,HbIe
IlpeAocraBJreHa'ueo6xoAuMarrrJrorrlaAbrrtoA coopyx{eHnfl or- rpbft'crna,o6eonequ'BaroulHe
ux eQ$er<ruBHyro
pereHepaqfirc.

rIoJIyrlaIoT npeHMyIIIecTBeIIHOe pacnpocrparreHHe B pafioHax B eTCTByI O UI HM H

O Pr f S'HBM lt 'CaHLI TapHO - r r Hr UeHHqeCKO rO -
HaA3O
c cypoBblM KJIHMaToM, lAe ycrpoficrao 6acceftuon, K A H A J I O B pa.
H ApyrHX orKpbrrbrxcoopyxeHHfi sarpyAHflercfl Hs-ga BOSMO}K. pa,cnpocrpar{eHHbrMr{
HaH6o.nee coo,pyx(eHurMr{
uHQnnr-
HocTHI{X rII'poMepSaHHfl
B tsHMHeeBpeMtI, TpatIHHSaKpbrrorlorr{lna fBJrflror,cn6yponbre cKBa}KHHbr,
1{oTo-

ll0 lll
 pble no/{pas,l(c,'Iflrorgr
Ha rplr rpyrTnbr.I( I rpyul,neolHocrrrcrr B o A H ' I I o B e p X H O c T t l O r oR O A I l o r o I l C T O r n t n t ( a
(llilllll il(lllll'l
,
l Il (\ \ l ) ( \ ' ) l ( / ) ' l ' l ) l ) l , l r r ' rt rt \r/ r/ /\ rl r! !. 1( \ 'Ir ' l r ( l , l ) / \ r ' r
L/l rjvrl-\Lr
9r(C,nJIVATr,rpytOT
r r l r r r , / ' \ ^ i 1/ \ ' r , r . ! r r r
rtLrl\_/Ll.ru/-\L
J.v!. r J-rultllu u;
g K c n J l y a ru p y e i l { b l i i eoA c' ttocl tbtl ?,r,/Iacr.B cl tra l )ilr llce I Jocllo/ lI I eI I I lbt e'noA3ex{I I bI e ilor lr r l
B Taxge trH $r{/rrr- tr{ucpa.rrsTpaq'oHHbre (,nornoula',r{He rr HarHerarennHue)
T p a u H O H H b Iec K Ba )I(H U bIMO)K er noA a' B aTbcfi caMorel (oM, TOrA a
CI{BAX{I{HbIIIO HX YCJIOBI,IflM
HX }IA3bIBAIOT 'IiO'rJIOUdAIOUU{MH; CCJI?IN(E 'BOAA IIOAACTCfl B PA6OTSI H I(OHCTPYKI\I4LT, I(AK OT-
MeqeHo, pasAe/rflrorcfl 'Ha rpH fpyrrnbr. IL,u$iannrparlHoHHbre
CKBA)KI,IHbI IIIOA /{ABJIEHHEM, TO CI(BA)KHHbI HA3bIBAIQTCfl HATHC.
cKBaX{HHbr I rpy,pn61 o,6nr.rHo He orJr}rqarorcfl or nono"a'6op-
TATC.TbHIilI/H.
Il r , r x. , oAuaxo, yr laTljgan'60"t ee cJr o) r ( HbleycJlor Bnn
Ko II rpytrrtc o'r'rt'octlTcrI cr(Balr(Hrrbr, I(orotr)brc, r r <, cnr yar i-
0,6ecrterrr.rBarl tlut.I, HX ,coopyx(aror 6d.urur.l M
Apel{upoBaHHeBepxHgfo BoAoHocHoro ILraMerpoM-u {su{e oi6,opyryror
_ropH3o'HTa,trro3Bo/rflror Qu"ur r paM H_] c npaeur i, uof i o6cunxor : r . I 4HQ ul- ir puq'r o"Hbr e
ocyu{ecrBJlflTb lleperoK Ap_e{HHpyeMoI:t rBoAbr B I'r{,c{rrJrya'Tr4pye- cKBax{rrunII npynnq opopyAyiorcnSunlrp u*^ nu*ap."upy._
uuft BoAoHocul,lft:IIJr?rcr.3rlr cKBax{}rHbIrrrpHHfro 'Ha3blBarb
nrsrli H InorJroulaiournfi ( eo,cno"rrun
e,,,tnirz H3oH-
cHbre,rop
;,BoAoHo
A p e g a 1 H o - u n Q u f l b t \ p a r { H o H H b (r cMvHr . p a c . , O ). TI)I, qTO
K III rpy'nne Mo)KHo,orHecrr{cKBa}KH'HliAeofiHoro }ras,Ha- YCJI_O}K'H'ICTHX KOHCTPYKUHIO. T4UQUNATPAIIKOHHbIC
rreHHfi,pa6orarc_quenro'ilepeMeHHo cKBax(Huu III fpyrrnbr flB/rflnrcr KaK uolosa:6op"oir", raK Lr
KaK UrHQHnlrpaqr4oHHbre 14 NOTJIOilIAIOUIHMH; AEfiCTEYIOT OHI4 B COOTBCTCTBHH 'IICPH,OAA.
B O A O 3 a 6 o p i r t r e . ' f a x ncer ( B a ) K r { H b r ' [ p r { M e H f l r o r , , H a n p u M
n pelp4, C
MH-BoAosa,6o'pa III .rpynrnacnuu*"H
Hs Hlrx H rnorJroilreHrlfl.
Heo'6xo4trMocrH co3AaBarbSanacbrBoAbrB ne'pHoAo6untHof0 ,r.cx,Hr.rqecrirrM
pa6oraer no pasJurrrHbrM cxeMa*. Iiunpil,y.n, B
iloBepxHocrHorocroKa,'qto6tt I4otloJIb3o:laTbTIarKoIIJreHHyro
IIepaoA saKaLrKVt
BOAa Molr(er ;noAaBaTbctr'B xo.rlr,qenoirInpo-
eoAy'Bo BpeMr|Ho,cry,rrJreHr{fl ee aeQur{Hra. III rpyrI,IIa cxea,
'TaK)Ke Mex{yroK Mex<Ay'BoAonoAse,ivsofi rpy60fi 3/reKTpoHacoca
H0rro/rb3yercfl Anfl yryriureHHrr I4x rrpHeMl{cTocTtl H
THH odcaAnoi.rxonoHHorlc ycrau,oexofiuoLonoaaruuleronarpy6xa
(c'tur.pnc. 2).
I I A Y C T b C C K B A } I { H H b I ; N P ? I M C H f l C T C f lC X C M A H
C ACMOIITAX<CM
ilonpylKrro,ro
oJreKrpo,Hacoca (qarqe,no c,neuuaJrbHo
MoHTr{pye_
cxErnbr
urcrE*r?,'il'[lffil-;ff#I#f Hocr' tvtorZro.noHHe,I(oropafl AoJrxHa onycKaTbcffnoa yporu"o Bo-
,'' notouEH AbrB cxnax<uue).
I'lH$rannrpar{HoHHbre cKBax(urrbrIII rpynrrbr HNreiorAo-
flplruilurnuaJrb{r-rafl
cxeMa i{BnB saKpbiroro Tr{'na c Hc- BOJrbriocJrox(Ho.e o6opyAouaHtre.Fleo6xollrMocrb AeMoHTHpO-
IIOJtbSOBaHHeM CKTBaIKHH CBOAI{TCfl X UHSfi.nbr,paqI4I{ BoAbI rqe-l
r r l
larb rrofpy)r(Hor?e,uexrpoHaco,c
3arpyAHrreTHX gKcrrJryaTarlHro.
f i a c ^ . T r t n t l r D 4 \ y z r r r y t r ? n . h r ^ ' r ^ ^ , - , . J , - - ^ ^ - - ^ - - - - - ,
u
R -^
r L , -\ Y.tr^ \ E : n
nnn
y E l vi f r, dn r r u r / l u . ? y r l 1r c J r b H . b l M fll]rfle]'cfl TO, IITO lil rpyflna
tro c'paB'HeHuro
rco cKBax{HHa'Mr.r
I rp1'nn61irpu rex N<eycJroBH-
gx ,6o.neeAJri.rreJrbHoe
BpeMff.noAAeplKr{BaerpacxoA Ha oAHOM
ypoBHe.
O cHogHoe ycJI oBI 4e,Kor opoe AoJr ir ( Hoo6qsar eJr bHo Bbr noJI -
o r 3 a fp rr3 H e H H fl s 6 nvzw orrafoB S afprr3H eH ri s LrJl H npoMbrru- I'IflTb'ct{'npH rnoAaqe BoAbI B cKBa}KHHy, gTo KaqecTBeHHafr.rtgo-
J Ie H H b Ix ,6 a c ,c
e r? H o ,g . JIfIlHfl ycrbfl r{ coeAuueHuft BoAOnOAarcUefi KOJTOHHbI, B qacr-
Apeuax'Ho-rrorJrourarouHe,c'KBBxHHbr ApeHHpyroT d6u.rHo HocrH, AJIfl 'IlpeAynpex(AeHHfl noAcacblBaHI4fl,B ,CKB4X(HHytsog-
r{esKctrrJryarHpyeMbreBepxHHerfopr43oHTbr,,BoAbIKOTOpbTX 3a- Ayxa H InOCJreAyrOUero;Bo3AyrrrHofo r(o/rbMaralKa
Qranurpa H
TeM rQa,utrpyrorcf B HHlKesaJrerarcqufi eKcflJryarupyeutui goHbr.
npuQra.rrurp'onofi
tsoAoHocunfifoplrsoHr. Bepxunri BoAoHocnufi ropnsoHi rnplr Kou,crpyKTH'B.HbIeoc,o'6eHHocrH rIIor.rl,otr{arolrlHX cKBax(HH
gTOM MOlKer norroJrHflrbcrr3a crrer Ta r ( x( e 'cBf 3&HbI , c xapaKr epoM noAnor oBKH BO Abr [ r epeA ee
Qu.ntrpaquu BoA Lrg peK;
BOAOXpaHT{Jrr{q HJ\H OTr(pblTbrx
aHsuntrparlHoHHbrx,coopy)r(e- nola.reri B cKBa)KHHy. floAnoroBKa BOAbr srannrpoBaHr.re^MHJrH
ttvtft. Taroro poAa rroArruTbrBa'Hrre
lnoAgeM,HbrxBoA oco.6eHuo OTCTAHBAHHCM B CCTCCTBCH'HbIX HJIH T4,CKYCCTBCHHbIX
OTCTOfiUU-
ilepcrreKTHBHrojB CypoBbrx ,ilptrpoAHbrx ycJroBHflx ,ceeepa. B Kax'no3BoJrfler grrcnJrya'rHpo'BaTb
ia,usnntrpar{HOHHbre
cHcre-
J ro rH b re , ra rH N o e b l e 14' npoQnnbrpoB aB IIII{ecff H 3,OTK pbITO' ,nO Iro AaBaeM af l B CKBalr ( HHbrHM
, eeT no M yr Hocr H xapaKTepHCTH_
BoAoeMaBoAbI,Koro'pblerlepeg aurfiuurpsryrouubre cKBalKHHbr K Vr , '6ilH3I {He'K BO AaM , nI 4TbeBO r tI,(oaqer cr Ba; aHaJI ot HqHbI ena-
noAalorcf B rrroAMep3norunfiBoAoHocntrfiropr.r3oHr.B 3HMHe- pa'Merpbr AoJrx(Ha r.rMerb 'Hafperafl H yr:/^JtLrSrpyeMaf BoAa c
'ne'puo4npH rroJrHoM
Be,ce'HHHfi tnpoMepSaHHI{ .HaAMep3JrOTHbrX yc'TaHOBOKTeXHOJIOfHTT{eCKofo oxJra)KAeHHfl HJrr4 KOHAHTTHoHH-
LT2
Il3
FosaufinBO3Ayxa. tirodrt o,6eorteql6btpe6yeUoe 'Katlecrro ApeHaxnbre rpy6bl yKaaAblBaror c He6ofibrrHM yKJIoHoM
H noA c y'cTaHoBOK
oTpa6oTaH}IblX K KOJr/teKTOpy, a 'no,cJreAHHr?
- K cr(Balr(r{Hc. iipn HaJIHTIHH
AoortilUer{gbrxcTo'rr}IbIX rrropoAHacbrnaercflrIIecoK ,cJIoeM'He MeHee
KO,HAIIIIHOIIHp OBa HHff B'O3ArXA, gHCTeM a'ee Tp aHc'IIopTHpoB aHHtt He[poHHuaeMbrx
,BbIIIo,IIrHflTbCfl ,6ea paSpbltBa CTpyH. 3to rnpeAOTB'paTHT 2 M, a oKoJroApeHbrAeJraercr sacbrnKa o,6paruoro Suntrpa
AOJIXHa
nocrytrJreHne'Bo3Ayxa B rpy6ornpoBoAbl, ](op'po3nn rpytSsrt'po' r{3 rpaBHff Bbrcororl Ao 0,4-0,5 M. flo Mepe safiilHBa'HHs
BOA a I{ IIIO fl BJ Ie H H|eHA pOOK H C H)K eJIe3aB 3aK aqH B aeMoH B oA e'
BepxHerl qacrrl InecKa,rrocJreAHr4rlcHHMaercfl npuMepHo[Ia
B r{eJIoM xe
'K6HCTpyI(IIHH ,[OrJIoIqarcIqHx rcKBaX(HH AoJI)KHbl 5 crr,r.Srcn,rrya'Tn'pyror
uH0u.nrrpauuoHHbli4'6accertno6ttquuvt
c[oco6oM. llpo(r'unbrpoBaBlrlaflcflBoAa,oqHulaercff ,or B3tse-
fipoeKTnpoBarbcfl B rcoorner,crBHH c_<<PyroB'oAcrBoMIIo npoeK'
'BoA)>H IIIeHHbIX qaCTHIL rrJraHKTOHa, CyUIeCTBeHHO yflyqlllaroTcfl ee
rr4poBaHulo ,coop_y{enufi Aqfl 3a6opa lnoA3eM'Hblx
CHHI I I-3I -74[3r]. 6axrepraoJrorflqecKHe rro'Ka3areJIH. Vcrauo'sKa rno4o6uoro rH-
'CKB?X(lIHbl n a r r o c r p o e H aB 1 9 7 4 r . B O p e c u o ( K a n n S o . p H n s ,C I I I A ) . 3 a
K ycrbeBoMy 016o,pyAoBaHHIo(orononr<y)
BpeMs eKcrrJryararruu c 1974,no 1976 r. yAeJIbHafi 'rrpneMnc-
lrpeA'bfBJIfIOrcfl oco6ble Tpe6oBa HHF,':
TOCTb IIIOITJIOUIArcIuCfiCKBA}KHHbI I43MCHflJIACb HCSHAqI,ITCJIbHO.
cotllpflx{enue,o'6caAHblxrpy6 Mex(Ay co'6ofi H c ony'cKaeMbl' 'rtpu paccMarp'HBaeMoM
14 HarHeraTeJIbHbIMn'Tpy'6aMI'I'Heo6xo' flo cyulecrBy, MeroAe BocnoJlueHuff
MLI BoAotIIoAbeMHbIMH ,6espeareHTHarnoA-
'paS6OpHbI]\iI
H AJIfl MOH' 3a'naco'BrrroAseMHblx BoA ocyulecrBJlflercfl
AHM,OAeJIaTb repMeTHtI,HbIM, lAO6ttUIra
Tax(a I{ AeMoHTax(a BoAonoAbelvlHoro (Harue'taTeJlbHofo) o6o'
roToBKa,noBepxHocTHbIX BoA.
'ero peMoHTe; MeHee ,nepc[eKTHBHbTM c rorrKH 3peHHff oxpa'IrbrKaqecrBa
p'yAoBaHl4fl rIIpU
'CUCTCM C INOAAqEft
IIOASCMHbIX :BOA flBJIfiCTCfl II'POCKTHPO'BAHI{C
ycrbe AoJI)KHor6ltrl AocTa'ToqHo ycTofiqfisul'I AJIn Boc{PHs'
'Ha'rHeTaTeJIbHOrro
TLrfl HarpyBI(H oT 'BoAOIIoAbeMH'orOH o'6opy' HCOIIHIICHHOfi BOAbI B TTOIJIOIqAIOUIHCCKBAX{HUIT. B 9TOM CJIY.
HJIII ,C1reUHaJIbHbIX ygTp'OfiCtg' UlpHMeHfleMbIX rilpl4 pe' qae (npn ,BocnoJrHeHHr.r KoareKropoB B npy6osepHucrblx,06-
AOBaHHfl
paeoBaHnnx) HaMepeHHor{Ayr Ha ycKopeHuufi KoJlbMarax(
feHep aull H rcKBalKI{H;
TaJIbIMII'
y c T b e C A e Ay e T n peA OX parH fl Tb' OT3aTa' IIJII{' B aH I{fl S'n.rrrrpo'BcKBa)r(HHLr lr,opoA B rrpr4cKeaxHHHofi3oHe, oueHl{-
H,rIH noJIbIMlI BoAaMH, B Hepa6oqHe nepuoAbl oI{0 BaroT Me)KpeMoHTHbrfi IIepHoArcr4cl'eMblH rnpoH3BoAflTpereHe-
noJTLIBHbIMLI
,6strl 3aI{,pbITo Lr lnpuc[oco6neHo g.Jlfr I{3MepeHI{f parlHro. Bnu4y rpyAHocrr{ yAaJIeHHqB3BeueHHbIX'qacrHll Hflu
AoJrlr(Ho
ypoBirfl H pacxoAa BoAbI B XoAe r9I{cIIJIyaraIInn.

3 . n P O C T E I 4 I I I H EC n O e O E b I n P E . I I . I B A P H T E J I b H O f O
yflyquEI]Hfll(AtIECTBAnoBEPXHTOCTHbIXBoA

VqHrHeag Bo3Mo}t{Hocrr-,yJryq[IeHI4fl KallecrBa noBepxHo-

c T H b IX' ,BOAB BOA O ' ,HOC HlOM fOpI' ,IS OH Te'a TaK x(e' B cJl yqae H eo6'
rIIO'CJIeAyIOillyrc oqHcTKy IIIOA3eMHbIX IBOA npI,I /\.
xoAr{M,ocTH I4
H.CI(VCCTBCHHOM BOCITIOJIHCHHH,'IIPEACTA'BJIflIOT H{HTEPCC HEIrcTO'
p bre lil p o cr efIIII He crtto c 0'6bI ;yJIyq ul e HYrfl"KaqecTBa'B oAbI [I p eABa'
pnrentublM QHJIb'T'poBaHHeMBOAbI OTKpbITOTOBOAOHCTOTIHHKa
n e p e A ,fl o A a q e fi B c KB a)K H H y. C ncreuu tB K o' ro poA a npoel < ru'
pyroT, rJIaBHbiM O6paSOlt. CaUOreqHbIMH,rITO nO3BOJIfleTLI36e'
X(aTb AOIOJIHHTeJIbHI]IX SHepfeTIrrIeCKHX 3aTp aT'
P a g n u rra e n o ry q u r u K oM6H H r{ poB aH cprcTeMblunQn.nl -
H bre
TparIHOr{rHbIX rcOOpy)KeHIIft H, B qaCTHOCTI'I, rflOrryu1arcu1ue
cKBaX(I4HbI c flo;tatleft BoAbI Hs ApeH-I{oJIJIeKTopoB. TaKHe CH'
creMbr r{Meror HHq)H,,'rbrpaqHoHHbIe 6accefiuu LTIrr4nJIoulaAKI'I.
IIOA AI{OM 0aCCeIIHOB AO I{X 'CgOiJy}KeHflx yt IP-ara5.rur l{'pcnot'
Pnc. 26. lloraoulanlrlas
o6beAr{HeHHble rJIa,BFlbIMKoJIJIeI(ropOM'(,puc. 25), Ko'To_pbIftB
Pnc. 25, Cxeua nHraHHq nouoularoulefi H /leKonbMarllp]-
cKBa)KHHbr H3 4pen nHQnnbrparlnoHHoro K)UIIIE CKBA)T(I{HbI
CBOrOOqepeAb COeAH'HflrOT ,C rilO,rJIOUIalOUefi'CKB?X(HH'Ofi.'fle' 6acceftna /-nornoulaburas cKBalKHHa; 2-cKBa-
ycraHaBJIIlBaIor saABH}KKY Ans BKJII0' .l - ruaxra cKBax(I{Hbr; 2- norfloillaroul,at )r(Hgbr Ans npoMblnru: 3 - Hacoc
peA Kax(Aoft cKBax{HHofi cKBa)KHHa; 3-sag,nuxxa; 4-4penax-
q e H r{ fl e e H a ,c J Iy t1 A6peMoH Ta ttttfi xo,nreKTop; 5 - ApeHaxupre rpy6u

tt4 ll5
xtMnq ec r(oro I(oJlL Ma Ta>Ka'o,6HqHoii mp o'xa,Ixolt ttp eAyc Ma T,pH' 4. EOPbEAC BO3AYXOilT B BO.U.E NPH 3AI(AI{KEEE
B B O A O I { O C H I T IfU
OP143OllT't'
n o B e p x H o c r H b rBx o A a x , H c n o , , r r b 3 y e MAbJr xr q t r I B n B , p a c -
,___P
TBOpeH BO3AyX.!,aUUr,reo pacrBopr.rMocrr{ Bo3AyXaH r(Hc,[o-
PO;ta trs Hero (rrpr.rrroJrrroMrracbrrqcrrun) [prlReAeFrr,r B la6n. B.
c'rtexulleft. l'a 6 ,nn t( a 8. 3asrrcunrocrbu3McHelrHs pacr'opHMocrn B03lyxa -
fl o c ,u e 3 a Me T H o ro cH H l K eH H x Ti rpOH I{ l l aeMocTH norJl ou{arc- t{ Kr.rcJropoAa B Ltucroii no4e, cno6o4nofi or CO2 u N H3,
npr o6u1eM IaBJreHHn(c naponr eo1ur) 0,l0lg Mno "'
tqeri cKBalKI,iHbInOAaqa'B Hee HeorluuleuHofi petlHoli TBOAbInpe-
ri rP u $unbTpoB bl e ' H arH eTaIoTcf
Kp a u { a e T c fl , a B cK B a)K H H bI T e r u n e p a r y p at , " C
rp y H T o Bb l e B o Ab I. O4 H oepeMeH H afl orK arl ' K a I43 I{ eH rpaJIbH oft
c KB a X(H H b i' ,Be A e rc flA o rex ' i l op, ri l oK a orK arl l 4B aeMaf B oA a H e IO 20
z
c ra H o Bu T c r q r4 c ro ri . T e xuonorurrecK ue' rl apaMerpbl ol (ci l Jl yara-
U I.Ir{ T a I{ H X c t' tc re M AoJIX {H bIorpa6arbl B arbcfl B saB H C i i MocTH
x onuft H rl apaMeTpoB rIoIl oJIH fl eMbIx
o T rr,rA p o re o J l o rt4 tl e c KH ycl Bos.4yx, rvr37vs.l0-3 29,lB 22,94 lg,6g 15,64
Bo,rr,oHocr-rbrx fl/r ac'loB. Tar<oe yclpoftcrBo AortoJIHI'ITeJIbHoIlcr4' (rcr/1a3.tO-t) ( 3 7, 6 4 ) ( 2 9 , 4 ) ( 2 4 , 1 ) ( 1 8,88)
cTeMbr ,SKBa)KHHBoKpyr ltlorJloilIarcu1efl ,cKBalKHHbIAoporo u
I(nc;ropo,q, u3/u3. I 0-3 1 0 ,l g 7,84
np ^ HMeHfercfl peAKo. 'B -R
5,75 5,24
I4 s re n c u Q u .x a q H n npouecca i npoK arrK r4 H oco6eH H ocrr.l ( x r / u 3 ' 1 0 " ) ( 1 4 , 5 7 ) ( 1 1 , 2 5 ) ( 8 ,8 2 ) (7,49)
p a BH o M e p H o c rb A e Ko JIbMaraU I{ H { l Ia.l t,rpa [Io B epTH K aJIH Mo-
)r(eT 6urt AocTHTHYT&, ecJII{ o6opy4oBaTb norJloularcIllne
KponaeKHcJropoAaB_BoAepacrBopeH a3or, Mer-rbrrre yrJreKnc-
cKBaIKHHbI CIiteqnaJIbHbIMI{'BI46pocpeAcTBaMH'c'Ha3eMHbIMH
p a 6 o ' l u r ' l JIOl'bI II COBCCM g HC6OJIbIUOM I(OJII,ILICCTBC
nn6paropaN{u ByP-2 HrrH ByP-3 co craUHOHap'HbIM APYII4C rA3bI.
B Bo3Ayxe coAepx(arc-flTar{x{e BoAflHbrenapbr Ao 4olo Lr
opraHoM, HrparcuIHM poab BoAonoAaPqefi rpy6lr. Pa6oqufi
MeTaJIJII{ qecK H K
e oMrl ' pex(e 6onnure. Ilapu B Bo3AyxeHeMHoroyMeHbrrrarorpacrBo_
o p ra H s n 6 p a i o p a n p e AcraB ,/' rfl erco6orl
p e c c o p H b l e rp y 6 u r c u ycpronunau coeA H H eH H fl MII,H a K oropbl x PHMOCTb CfO B BOAC. IIP' O6qCIt AABJICHHI4 BO3AYXA
^ r , r , m ng PnJnr c4t . . / I n\ JnI Y rr / r n
v)v
( r \ r rr rruaunu yqvnr rpu rr J r - T
rv^
n t r- "?^ t^ z^ -l -{^n' M c r n . n . n t I t T e c K I z e nHCI(H. 0,1013 $tla, coAepx{arueronapbr Bol{rri.AaBJrerrrae rrocreAr-rHX
L ,rl'fl r r
n ^ p ut : 2 0 o c c o c r a B z r 0 , 0 0 2 3, a n p l / : O o c 6 y 4 e r 0 , 0 0 0 0 6M f I a .
y c T a H a B J I H B a e M b IB e pa6oueu llHTepBa/le cKBalKHHbI. BolO'
' pe)K H Mei l i orJl o- orcrcAa JrerKo BbrrprcJprrbyMer{brxeHnepacrBopzMocrr.r
i Io Ab e MH a fl T p y 6 a ' rtp H pa6oTe ' cK B axI' IH bI H a Apy.
' IIp H l 1 rp o Ka ' q KeH cttoJl b3yeTcflB K aqecTB e B o3A yruH OI?.
rHX ra3OB. Cne4yer OTMeTHTb,rrTO npOr{eHTHOe IIO O6rrenay
u Ie H H fl
coAep>KaHr{e KH'C{ggOaa Bo3Ayxa, psCrnopeHHoroB BoAe, npH
Cno,co6tt LI peKOMeH1aqzkr [Io BoccTaHoBJIeHI4Io pacxoAa
g KB a IKH H,H a B o Ay ,o l l i l caH bl B . C . A nenceeB bl M Lr A p. [1, l 3], i: Ooc n o 1013 MfIa s 1,6T paea' 6onour^e, qeM B utro.,p*p.;
frLyY
lfirr )rt/L:
- Q nou
ofa
t .r ?Koe I I poI {eHTHoeor I {o[ I eHHe I I oqr , H He M eHf ler -
a T a K> K e B < < Pe ro u e H A aIl H fl Xno i 4MnyJIbC H bIMMeToA aM B oc-
CK B A } K H HH A ' B OA Y > > (M., cfl, r-ro IIo a6collorgolt BeJrHqHHe yMeHbrxaerc.fl noqrH B
C T AH O ' BJ IEH HIN ' I P O H SB OA H TE ,TbH OC TH
2 pasa. vqurueafl, qro pacrBopr,rMocrb B BoAe Bo3Ayxa v KHc-
Ilen. BHI4I4 BO,.II,|EO,1979) Lr AP.
flpu I4B[B c 3aKaiqKofiBoAbIB 'nor,rlou1arcu1ue
cKBalKHHbl JropoAa npH r r oBbr r xeHHHTeM [ epar ypbr yM eHbr uaeTcr nponop-
ua6,rioAaercf qacro 3HarIHTeJIbHoe
yMeHbIUeHHe HX rrIpHeMHc' [r4oHaJIbHO trorrrH oAHHaKOBO,[pOrreHT Kr{CJrOpOAaIIO OTHO_
noTpe6Horo Ha'nopa.C.ne4yer TaK)Ke r-reH'r4ro K BO3AyXy, ,pacrBopeHHoMy B BOAe, H3MeHseTCf MaJro,
rocTn unr4 yBeJII4qeHHe
O3A efi cTB H eK H cJIopOA a.B O3A yxa' IipaBAa, HeMHOTO CHHX(aflcb npH rroBbrlrleHHH TeMneparypbr
y q H T b IB a T b ,O K H C J II4 TeJIbHBOg
B oA bI. CneAyer TaKxe yqecTb, r r To Bec, oBbleKoJI HqecTBar aga,
rro rra B trl e ro B Bo A o H ocH bl ft ropl { 3OH T c 3aK ar{ [B aeMOfi B oA ofi ;
pacrBopeHHofo n no4e, I'I3MeHflIoTcflnpfMo rlpo[opIIHoHaJIbHo
a T o M o X{ e T B b ISB a T b B bInaA eH H e OcaA I(OB B S l a,rrurpax cK B a'
.t
ffinrrn6ndr
glJ.
12 ITnR-rIeIJlzrl-'r
Assvrv^^rrrv,
n
vv
6 . r -uav n ,r
lvl
rrza
1l\v
r r qav^ m D ^ n a y r y r n
I L_' 1ll L' rl.D v r r\ l/ I f,r\J vg.Fln(J

y M e H b u e H H Io L e 6 u ta ' cK B ax{ Ii H (w ' nu ux 'ilplleuncTocru). JIeHr4_fl

(nptn roft xe reMneparype).
I,Is er,ttuellgJlo)Kel{Hofo
BHAHo,rrro pacrBopuMocrb r a 3 0 B B i;
li
BOAC C}IJIbI{O II3MCFI'ICTCfl I] 3ABI{CIIMOCTI-I OT BCJIHIII,I,HbI AaRJr e- l
j,,

* Aarop H. A. fl.rorHuxos. ii
iliI
rt7
{
HHfl H 3HAIIHTCJIbHO MCHbIUE rIPH I,I3MC,HCHHHTCMNCPATYPbI.
Y1
crTo IIOJIOIKeHHeAJrf HaTXHXsaAaq tsecbMa BaX(HOe. l' HeKOTO-
pbrx cryqaflx Ha6JlroAaercfl nepeHacbIIIIeHHe BoAbI Bo3AyxoM.
O6rrquo [oBepxHocrHaff BoAa noAaercfl B cKBax{HHbI IreHT-
p o 6 e x u u M r4 H a c o caMH . B o ecacbl B al ourert rpy6e, e oco6enH o-
cru trpu 6onrruoM BaKyyMe, BbIAeJIflIorcr [y3bIpbK'LI Bo3Ayxa *.
floa BJTHTHHeMKaBurar\Hr4 B ,caMux qeurpo6e)KHblx Hacocax
BbrAeJreHHeBoBAyxa ycnJluBaercfl H npu sroM o6pasyrcrcn
6o"nee KpyrrHbre rysblpbKn Bos Lyxa. ?ru rIy3bIpbKH np'H orHo-
cHTeJIbHo KoporKl{x BoAoBoAax H 6o"unurofi cKopocru ABHx(e'
Hrlfl. BOAbr B HHX He yCileBaIoT paCTBOpflTbCflH [OCTynaIOT B
Bo A o H o c H u fi ro p L I3 oH T, sadneafl , qacrb ero rl op oK oJIo cK B a'
)I{HHbI, yBerHr{HBafl Co[porHBJIeHI'Ifi H yMeHbIXafl TeM CaMbIM
rlocryrrJleHHe BoAbI.
Tax KaK AaBJIeHI{e B HaIIopHbIX BoAoHocHbIX ropI4goHTax
o6uqHo 6onrrue H HepeAKo 3HaqnreJlbHo 6o.utrne arnnoc$ep-
HO|O AaBJIeHHfl, rO tIy3bIpbKH BOsAyXa Moryr pacrBop.flrbcfl B
BOAe, HO OAHOBpeMeHHO tIpH 3T'OM [OCTyriaIOT HOBbIe nopqfil{
rry3brpbKoB Bo3Ayxa, co3AaBafl colpoTLIBaeHI-Ifl npH,AB'H)KeHHI{
BoAbr. lIpH 'cso6oAHoM croKe BoAbI B cKBax{HHbI yBJieKaercfl
AorroJrHHTeJrbHoeKofiI4qecrBo Bo3Ayxa H B BoAoHocuufi ropfl'
p H 3 OH Tn O C ry n a IOT ero rl ysbl pbK H .
MeroAu 6opr6u c BpeAHbIM BJIHflH'HeMBo3Ayxa v KHcJIo'
poAa B HeM B pa3flI{qHblx ycJloBr4r,x Moryr orJlnqarncs. 3ru
MeroAbr MolI(Ho pa3AeJIHTb 'Ha ABe rpyllnbr: npoQuJlaKrur{e'
cKHe, He AorIycKaIouIHe o6p4son anr4fl. [y3blpbKoB Bo3Ayxa;
npaKTHrrecKHe,c rIoMoI{bIo Korcpblx yAaJlfllcr ny3blpbKH 803'
K H cJIo'
A y x a Ao c K Ba x { H H b t.l l pn 6opn6e c B peA H bIMB JII,Ifl H H eM
p o Aa Bo 3 A y X a o c H oB H bIM cnoco6om fl B JIfl eTcfl A era3aIIH fl .
C n o c o 6 rr 6 o p r6 u c B peA H bIM B JILITH H eMB o3A yxa, r. e. c H H -
$ H n rrp a q a e fi Bo A br qepe3 cK B aN (H H bI, paspa6oraH bl eue
HeAocraroqHo. Hara6onee paspa6oraHa Aera3aul{fl soAbl
B a Ky y MH b rM H T e p MaJIbH bIMC nOC OOaMH .
fl p u I,l B n B q e pe3 uuQn.ntrpaIrH oH H bIe 6accel i usl noA aer'
B OA a, T. e. C ny' 3bl pbK aMl ' l
c fl a g p H p o B a H H a fi IIOB epX H OC TH aff
eoeAyxa. B arHX 6ac,cefiuax rtpn naeA.nenuofiIaHQunlrpaquu
( r-o iu/uyr ril oeelib peAKo 6o;rrrue) IIySbIpbKI{Bo3Ayxa Bbl'
11 o - - /^--- -- <^ -' ttt^\ rhr yryt hA^
AeJrfltorcflB aruoc$epy I{ B 6esuanopHnfi BoAoHocsrtfi ropu'
SOHr nOCTynaer BoAa roJIbKo c pacrBopeHHbIMBo3AyxoM.
B npaxruxe VIBilB I rwfia saKyropKa Bo3AyxoMIIop BocnoJI'
HfieMoro BoAoHocHororop'H3oHTaHe Ha6'utoAaercfl. Ec,nu u
c e o fi c re 6 e s u a [O p H oro B oA OH OcH OTOropH 3oH Ta, To npOH cX o'
* flo ,nauHttu,II. LI, TapaCona,BbIAeJIeHHe npr{
Bo3AyXaHarIHHaeTcfl
aanyyue 6 u BoA. cr. (K sofipoqyq-r4ApaBrllll(ecr.rQotton. * BoAocua6.
)r(e H rrerI c a H u ra p t{ aTexH
fl 1962,N 2),
H ra,
l18
AI{T 3rO B cBfl3n C XHMI{qeCKHMH rlpoueccaMr.rH, B qacfHocTl{,
B CBfl3'HC OKtrc/reHr{eM
3ar{rrcHoro}KeJreSaB BoAe KHCJTOpOAOM
BO3AyXa.c yveroM gTofo 3aNreqaH]|.fr.,
a raK)Ke HCXOAflrr3 pac-
cMorpeHHbrx Bbrrue Qusauecxnx ycnonHrl, r. e. ocHoBbrBaflcb
Ha npaKTLIqeCKuX I'I TeOpeTHTIeCKHX AaHHbIx, MO)KHO IIOJraraTb,
rrTo pacrBopeuHslfiBo3Ayx rrs 3aKaqHBaeuofiBoAbr
He 6yaer
BbrAeJrfrbcflB BOAO,HOCHbTXroplrsbnrax, TeM 6onee B Hanop-
Hbrx. CneAogareJrblro,,ueo6xoAuMo npeAorBparqarb o6pasona.
HI]C NY3bIPbKOBBO3AYXA HJIKI
YAANaJb HX. B CB'I3H C 9TTIM
H eJr b3f AonycKar b ceo6oAHO r O Cr O Ka BO Abr B CKBaX{HHy 6eS
repMeTH3ar\nn, TaK KaK BoAa Mo)KeT HacbllllaTbcfl ny3blpbKa-
MH BO 3AyXa. llp" noAKaqKe BoAbr ueHr po6ex( Hbr N{Holacocannu
HyN(HO CTpeMHrbcf nog,6aparr MHHHMaJrbHyroBbrcory Bcacbr-
BaK'r4fl,,'craBI{TbnepeA HacocoM BaKyyM-KoJrnaKH, qro6u y/ta-
JIflTb rry3brpbKH BoSAyXa, H, HaKOHeU, nOp6nparb Hacocbr c
HaHMeHbruefi KaBHTarIuefi.
llpu iloAar{e BoAu no tpy6onpoBoly AJrfl yAaJreHHfl Bos-
AyITIHbIX nySblpbKoB MoIKHO CTaBHTb BaHTySbr B [oBbrlueHHbrx
Mecr ax, B ocHoBHoM 6nux<e r ( cKBax{HHe. Kpot r e r or ci, npn
[&BJretHHHB rpy6ax 6o,nee 0,1013 MfIa ,cKopocrn ABH]KeHHg
ueAbJ n rpy6onpoBoAe He AoJr>KHbrnpeBuuari I vlc H AilHHa
rpy6onpoBoAa Aorr)r{Ha6urr He rtaeube200 rur.flocn.l".. ,u-
MerIaHIaeyKa3brBaerHa ro, rrro 6o,ryeecnolcofiHoecocpeAoro_
rreHue MeJTKHXrrysbrpbKoB
josAyxa [poHcxoAr4r B nepxHeft
qacrH rpy60npoBoAa.
Ann 60pr6n c nysupbKaMrr Bo3Ayxa B
EOAOHOCIIOM fOPI{3OHTC MO)KHO I,ICTIOJIb3OBATbTAK}KC
METOA
cMeHbisaKariK'H Bce 3rr.rMero4u 6opn6trc ,nysbrpb-
OrKaqKori.
Karvrn
Bo3AyxaAo rpoer(r'poBaHHn rlerr..ooopl;;;^,ipob.poro
H A O NbI THbI XVCTAHO BKAX.
HaunreHee HgyrreHHbrMH flBJIrrorcfl IIpoAoJIX(HTeJrbHocrb
pacrBope[Hfl. rry3brpbKoB BOsAyxa B HanopHoM BOAOHOCHOM
fopH3O , HTeH CO CpeAO TO qeHHe r aKHX r r y3br pbKoB B nepxHef i
qacrr{ rpy6onpoBoAa npH
ABHX(eHH,trBoAbr B HeM, a TaK}r(e
pacrBopeHHe sTHX rry3brpbKoB Bo3AyXa B BOAe LrJrkrBbrheJreHlre
ux B 3aBHCHM O 'CTH O r Q USUuecr Hx yc, uonuf t B r py60npoBoAe.
Ecnu yAaJr eHHe ny3br pbKoB Bo3Ayxa B BaKyyM - KoJr nar e
nrTv
ilo..yKasaurror? Bbrlrre.per{oMeHAaL\Hr4Barrry3oM nnn nepeMeH-
Hofi saxaqxoia H orxaqxorl ue Aocrr.rraer rIeJrH H/rH ueo6xoar.r-
MO CHr . r 3HTb
CO Aep) KaHHepacr BopeHHor o B BO Ae KHCJTO pO Aa, TO
rlpuMeHrror Aera3aqr{rc. Sror cnoco6 uegopor.ofr.
I4e cyqecrByrorqnx MeroAoB Aerasarruu BoAbr uau6onee
119
 \,t t. 27. c>ieMa B?.!(yytlt !{ofl Aera-3a t{u fi
"1 iipll pae(rerax Aera3 aL\nn rpe6yercfi onpeAeiilirb ii.r-iot(&Ab
t,,, - - Irt'Icota Ilaca.[I'iII; hl:500-600 11r't; lL2=
=200 utrl: lts eY 20'0-300 rtrnl i l o' t1 epeqFr or oceqeullf l Aer a3ar opa F, r , pacxoA BI ilAeJI f eM o1'o
rasa Q . , nnoqaAb noBepxHocr H I - laca, Ar <vr S, u et 'lcor y 3ar py3KH
A efa3ar opa hH lI T. A. ; KpO NI er O f O , nO A6'I 4paI O BaK) r / yM - Hacoc
r{/ru a>KeKTop. Tarlie paCqeTbI MOiKHo [e.II&rb, floJlb3yflcb pe-
K o M e H A a I I H f l M I {B . A . I ( n R . i x o H 1 4 . 3 . A n e l l n H i - l a ( O u u c r x a
--1_T- ---)e
7f
npI4poAFI bI x BoA. M . , Cr por ?r sAar , l97l) , A. A. Kacr a"nlci( o-
ro H Ap.
peeK ; B o3A yx R bIA e,T.tl eTcfl H 3 B O- C, r r e4yer HM er b B Br 4I y, q't 'o AalI ( e npu He3lI at llr r eJlbHoM
crcl{aeMoft Tol-lI(oft IIJIelll(oii ri oA o r peBe BoAbI , HaI I pLI M ep c B Zt o 30"C, et o6bt cFI H3Hr b KoH-
/\br,
Il o Ii acaA I(e; 3Ta IIaC aA K a tIoA - rl ei rr par lHr o pacr BopeFll{of o B BoAe KI {c, 'I O pO Aa C 8- 12 AO
0,05 Mf/I, IIJIoU{aAb IIOBepXLIocTHklacailKr yN,tellblllaeTcf llpi{-
A epl K H B aerctl pa360pH otl pe[Ier-
K oi i 6. !,erasnpoB aH H afl B oA a MepHo B 2 pa3a, a r pe6yeM blf i Bal{yyl\ 4 HecKoJI bKOcoKpaillaeT-
qacTb A era3aTopa 7, oTB oA H TcflII 3aca- cfl . flo3ToM y M ox<er 6nr r l ue, , 'r ecoo6pasuoI I Cnor b3oBar b 6; t t t s-
n o c T y i l a e T B I-tL I)K ritoto
K o c6pact t naeM ylo LI 3 Ct I cTeM bI oXJI a) KAeHHf lBoAy c I I O BbI -
c b IB a e T c t{ t1 e H rp o 6 e > K H bi MFIacocoM I' I 3aTeM IIo Tpy6onpoB oA y
B u4el neMbl e B o3A yX vr i l ap oTcacbi - rxe,Hr{ofi reMneparypofi Allfl IIoAofpeBa BoAbI, IIoAaBaeN4ofi B
n o A a e rrc fl B c l < Ba )K I,tH bI.
Barcrcfl B BepxHeli L I a c r t IAera3aropa B H I(o rpy6aM 9 nocry- A cfa 3ar op. BoAa x, loll( er r loAor peBar bcf l Ao r eM f lepar ypbl
r,reM r r or op, br r r r er cM nepar ypbl noA3eM I I bI X Bo/ {. B r eqeHHe r oAa
n a t o r B B a r ( y y M - o " r l e K r p o H a c o cl 0 ; A a t l e e i l a p H B o 3 A y x y A a -
rroB e pxr iocTlr bleBoAbI [ o/ lof peBalor ct l ilpl4 pa3HbI X pe] I ( HM ax.
Jrflrorcfl rio rpy6e 1l.
I-l p u n e 4 e n H a r{ c x eMa Mox(er H ecI(oJIbl (o B l l A oH 3MeH tl rbcfl .
I-Ia n p a v re p , BMe c ro B aK yyM-eJIeK rpoH acoca MoryT 6l ,trl no'
cTaBJIeHbI BoAocrpvi.'tulte H'JIIJIIapoCTpylil-IbIe 3X{eKropbI; Bo' CKBAXI { H
r FAC/ tO Aa f iO r JI O HdAI O I . {14X
5. Pn CI tET
o6qe orBoA BoAbI MoX(eT 6url BbIII9JIHeH AaN(e 6es Bblrue-
yKa3aHHbIX UeHTpo6eX(Hoto Hacoca 14 oX(eI{TopoB IIyTei\'{ BbI'
H O c cosA aFl ueM flpu pacqerax rlorJloilrarculux cKBax{'HH pa3Jlnq_alor ABa
n y .n u Bo A b I l n o 4 ypoB el -Ib B oA otIp_I' IeMH H K a),
tr4uercrcs H cxel{bl IIpeAeJI bFI bI xpex{HM a I lX pa6or bl: Q o: const LI So- const
ueo6xoLuMofi Bbicorbl Bal{yy},{a. Apyge - - Ae6nr cI {Bax( HH H So -
Q o r oBbI I UeHHeypoBHf l ( sa-
Bai(yyx,IHoi-"IAef a3auHi,I, HaIIpHMep c IIoAorpeBaI-IHeM BOAbI. [i A e
r{er.,,tBbIIIIe BaI(yyM H qel\{ BbIIIIC TCMNCPATYPABOAbI IIP}I NJIC. nopa) BoAbI B cKBaiKHI r ax].
Ha r r paKTI 4Ke ueJlecoo6pasuee aI ( ct t , lyar t 4poBar ! r t or JI o-
H o r{ H o M e e c re K a H LIu tro ynoMfl H yrol i H acaA K e' TeM 6o.nnure
uIarculr ie cr {Bax( LI HbIB pe) I {iaNleQ o= const . Pe>t <lt t rQ o: const
6 y 4 e r c H l 4 )Ka rb c f coA epx(aH ae B o3 Lyxa (xucnopoA a B H eM H
Mo)Ker 6ur r O 6ecueqes I {aI ( npH ceo6oAnof i HH{lI lJI bTpa[ HH,
x fa3oB).
A ^p "yflf rpl H TAK H B Cryqae rIoAaqH BOAbrB Cr(Ba)IiLIHbIC IIOMOIIIbIOHaCOC-
p a c tl e ra x A era3aTopa rp' I4H H MaIoT Tpe6yi oqw i l cfl
rrbr x ycTaHoBoI ( .
pacxoA BoAbI Q", MaKcIlMaJIbHyIo KoHUeHrpaqI4Io yAaJlfleMoro
I 4 H A e K c ar a 3 a ' /J.ls HecoBepIIIeHHbIXnorJloilrarourux cI(BalKHH, 4eircrnylo-
r a s a B i 4 C X o A I I o t :Bt 9 A C )( C " * - c 406aBJreFII4eM HAI O PA B CKBA) KHHE
lasa IIocJIe U II4X B PC}KI 4M EQ O : CO NSt , I I O BbI I UC}I HC
HanpuN/tep.u,;lq KHcJIopoAa Co*.o), KoHqeHTpaIII4Io
l a3a, A TaK X { e TeMnepa' orpe AeJr f ler cs no Q opM yJI e
A e ra 3 a U H H C n " ,* T aK X (e C H H A S I{C OM
ry p y .H' Cc e xo A
61y H ' o ft e o AH . P ac.l eruafl B bl X oA H af K oH IIeH rpaql {fl
.u ri v ,B Ae fa3aropa [p' I{H gMaercf c sarl acoM rl a 10-
S o: S n* S . i S n : # - ^ ' S c: # t r , ( 67)

lSYo ; onruMaJIbI-iafl BeJII4qHHatsbIXoAHofi KoHqeHrpaIIHI{ ra3a

S,, - nogbruleHrie ypoBHrr Bollbl l - ] c l ( B a) 1 , : l { l i e , o 0 y c a o B . I I e I I I I o e c o n p o '
(noe4yxa H cocTaBHbIX ero qacTelt) Aafl I4cKyccTBeHHoroBoc' fae
'I D, a - tt^-rrrrr6rrrr^ rr{nnr\4 Dr-rcDq,rrrtno nnnnnuTrranr
tllJ,jluttng..lvl .llJrdLr d r\. \jC iivijjfii.j-iUiitiU liriiiWijci''ljifiJDoi.ililus,/(viiiJJi-iiiLtlD-

tlbLi\,Tconp,orH,BJIe,H I.leM Ha rrec0Be'pllleilc'fBo ci(Ba]KI.tIlbI; / - BoAonpoBo"

. u , H , M O C TnbJ I a C T a .

conporl{BJieHne
EeepasnrepHoe cKBa}KHHbI
6c onpeAeJrfleTcff
H3 paBeHCTBa
'r ___7
sc - 50
-T
| : 7,
bpr (68)
I ()rl
12l
ti[6 f^ - [ n n ^ [ r r r r n a n L r r ^ 6 , ^ n f l h n r t r D ,EuAv U
. rrrrPa ' v r r r D d r v r l r r ! , nKrrnnnonAtluna uof,nnfrr\Tnfi

6. nporHo3 PEXLMA pAEOTblnOTJIOilIATOUHX

r7\v bu Avrrvr'lnrrrudtu,Ilvu vvJwdlvurlvrrllvv ll!lrvrrrrvrv^r

BCKpbITHTT BOIOHO,OHOTO ropU3OHTa LI 3aBHCHUiee JIHllIb OT COOTIIOUIeHHtI CKBAXHH

na,pa,Mer,poslolm ,rr mfr6 (rne lo - AJrr.rHaH fo * pa'AHyc Qru.nurpacKBa-
xuHur); ((lr -- Aofiorrrrr{TeJrb,rloe
,coirripoTHrBJle[il.le crKBs-
Ha rrecoBeplxeilcT]B,o pacqera pacxoAa norJroillapur4x
OcsonnaR oco6eHlro,crb
xilrHbt no xapaKTepy BcKpblTrrflBoAoHocHorofopHSollTa. cKBaxHH 3aKrroqaercfl B Heo6xoAHMocrHyquTbrBarbnpoqec-
ConpornBJreHue(o o6rtquo paccrlurblBalor tro Sopnry,ratt, cbr Ko/rbMaTa>Karrpr4cKBa)KHHHbrx 3oH rrJlacTa,KoTopbre yBe-
BbrreKarou{HM Hs pe[IeHl{fl rHApoA}IHaMLIqeCKOfi sAAAqVO iluuvrBarorAorroJrHr{TeJrbHoe'co[pornBJreHl{e
E+. !.ns [orJroula-
npHToKe BoAbI K CKBa)KVHaM, He nOJIHOCTbIO BCKpbIBaIOUII4M IouIHx ,cK'Bax(lIH,geficrnyrcqux B pex<r.rMeQo:coflst, KoJrb-
rIJIacT.Perueune arofi saAaqH 6rt.ryo[oryrreHo M. MacNerou, Mara)K pe3Ko yBeflHrruBaerrrorpe6Hbrrt Hanop H 'coorBercT-
BeHHo coKpailIaeT rrepnoA pa6oru B pex(HMe cBo6oA'Horo
, 14. A. r{apnuu, B. H. HuNolrcKLIM, H. H. Be-
A. A. XefiHona
pHfHHbrMu AP. onpe4e/reHHe(s ilpfleo Aurcn raKlKe B pa6orax HATIVBA.

[, 32] u /{p B saeucuMocru 'or KaqecrBaBoAbr,HcnoJrbsyeMofiAJrflBoc-

3 n a .ru re J l b H o c J rol K H ee A eJro o6crour c ol peA eJIeH H eM 60. noJIHeHHR 3a[aCOB ITOA3eMHbIX BOA, H OT CTerreHH ee OqHCTKH
A o n o ,ry u H T e J rb H o ec ol rpornB JIeH H e' H a H ecoB epIIreH crB o cK B a' rrepeArroAaqefiHa BaKpbrrbreuurpHntrpaqrroHHbre coopyx(eHufl
x(llH no Xapal(repy BcI(pbITHfl BoAoI{OcIIOfo IIJIacra 6O 3aBI'l' pa3Jlr.rrratoT'cJrcAyrourrc
BrrAbrt(oJrbMa'rax(a:
c H r o r M H o T H X S a r ropoe, K oropbl e 3aqacryl o H e noA A al orcff MexaHHqecnufiKoJIbMaTalK,flBJlflroilIwft,cn,cJIeAcrBHeM
Ha-
reoperurrecKoMy aHailHsy. floeroMy HaH6oJIee [paBHJIbHbIM B IIHLIHfl B BOAE BSBCIUEHHbIX TIACTHII OPIAHI{qCCKO|O H MHHE.
H a c ro fl u l e e Bp e Mfl cqH Taercf onpeA eJIeH H e 6o no A aH H bIM p aJrbHoronpor4cxo)KAeHHfl ;
orrbrrHbrx orKaqeK H3 CKBa)K'HHrIO QOpMyfle xl4Mlrqecruli xonbMaralK, cBf3aHurrfi c HapyueHr{eMxHMH-
qecKoro paBHoBecvfl,H, KaK cJreAcTBHe, c BbriIaAeHr{eM u3 Bo-
Ls:#-(o,bRtco). (6e) ,4br rpyAHopacrBopHMbrxcoeAHHe nui,t;
6uo.nornqecxufi KoJrbMaralx,Bo3HHKaroIrIHfi B pesyJrbrare
IIpH pacqere IroBbIueHI{ffypoBufl BoAbI B fiorloularcuux
pa3Br.rruflxenego6arrepufi, cy,rrQarpeAyrlupyrorrlux 6axre-
cKBa)KHHaxueo6xoAuMo yrIHTbIBarbIIorepI{ Hanopa ilpH ABII' pvtfrtu Apylux Br{AoB6rzonoruqecNofiAerreJrbHocrr{;
xeHrru BoAbrr{epe3 Qnnmp cKBa)KHHtt.Anq cKBa>KI'IH, o6opy-
nosAyuHHfr KoJrbMaralK, o6yc;ron.nesuufi HaKorrJreHHeM
AoBaHHbrx$unlrpoBblM KapKacoM, Mo)KHo IIp?IHflTb, qro Bo3AyxaB nopax ropoA npIzcKBalKHHHofi souH.
HMeror Mecro ABe o6nacrn: nepBafl o6nacrl pa3MepoM
fo-f c H Bropafl pa3Mepou Rn-rc (rae f c - paAHyc 6ypeHun Hau6o.nee LIHTeHcHBHo rrpu gKcrrJryaralrufirrorJroillarculux
cxeaxuurt). B npererlax nepnofi o6nacru roeS$uufleHr cKBa)r(HHrrpoTer(aroTIlpoqeccbr MexaHHqecKoroKoJrbMaTa>Ka.
k6 (rae ka' xoe$Quul{eHr Qnnrrpaunu KaP- OAuaxo B 3aBHcHMocrH or KoHcrpyKTI{B;Hbrx oco6eugo'creft
Su"rrrrpaqnu
Kaca Qu.trrrpa c yqeroM HaJIo)KeHHflHa Hero [opoA, nnacra), BoAorrpueusofi qacru cKBa>KvHH JlnToJrorfiqecKorocrpoeHllfl
nn nmnnnf? b
- D \ J . E )r V y W I l / r V I T .
'Tn-rra
L \)L l+U
rrrrd
AtLtL
'.rrp q'!rarrrJ.n
Vl\uqirrr^rr v rr rr a
v vr rrI^T^JvL I l \ l rr r r vEvt ,r nL r { n T - r ' l T , r p M Rn- nopoA. BoAoHocHofo rIJracTa r(oJlbMaTax([poTeKaeT rro pa3-
HOMy.
AOHOCHOI*OfOpH3OHTa MOIKHO SaiII4CaTb
B BoAoHo'cHbrx rrJlacrax, npeAcraBJleHnbrxMeJrKo-H cpeA-
(i0) He3epHHcrbrMH rrecKaMu rrpl4 ycrpolicrne cKBaxHH, o6opyAo-
BaHHbrxJrr.urrbQunlrpoBbrMu KapKacaMH,Ha6JrloAaercffocHoB-
noe o6paaoBaHuecJroflHB B3BeIrreHHbrx r{acruu'Ha BHyrpeuneft
noBepxHocrr.rSu.rrrrpa. IIpn aoopylKeHnn B raKux ycJroBr.rsx
cKBa)KHH c rpaBnfiuuvrn vtnn 6noqnbrMl{QnnlrpaMn B3BeIrreH-
Aua.nornrrHblMo6pasovr MolI{HorIOTYI{HTb BbIPA)KCHHC AJIff
HbIC I{ACTHIIUTMO|YT TIPOHHKATb Y)KE B IIOPbI TPYHTA II 3AACP-
orrpeAeJleHHfl(6 npuvteHHTeJIbHOK c K B a ) K H H a M c rpanHfiubIMH
>KnBarbcf raM, KoJlbMarHpyfl rIpHcKBa)KHHHyIo soHy. Aua"uo-
tITo
SuntrpOBOrO KapKaCa 3AeCb TaKlKe MON(Ho CTIHTaTb' craBJr eHHblx Kpyr r Ho3epHucr blM H necKaM H H r paeaf iHbI M H
HMeroT MecTo Aee o6rl acTH: ilepBafl-o6.nacrl Sn.nlrpa H BTo' a TaK)Ke 'B TpeuIHHOBarbIX nOpOAaX.
oTJrolKeHr4fl,Mr4,
pan-o6/tacrb IIJIacra. KooSSHUHeHT $lr.rrlrp at\Hr4 B npeAeJIaX
-nepeofi Ans pa3pa6orxn MeToAHKHrrporHo3a pocra AorroJrHureJrb-
o6nacru cJleAyer IIpHHI{Marb paBHbIM ero cpeAHeMy
HOrO COIIpOTHBJreHlrrr Eo HH)Ke npHBOAflTCfl perIIeHHfl pfrAa
3 H Aq C H H IO . gaAaq Qn,unrp a r\HLr 14uac'coo6 lv{eH
a.
122
t 23
 Kt-rnuntara)I( cI(BalIiI4H, o6yc.uonneunrtfrodpasonaHHeM cnotl B rolvf c..r-iyri&€, ee.[fi B HaqaJrbrrbriiMoMeHTBpeMer{HAo-
B3ueruetllblx r{acrtrq rra Bl)rrpc}uter:itroBepxl{oc'rII(tu,ut't'pa, I I o J I I I I I I ' e J I b l lcooet I p o t ' I I B J I e n r(r(eb t a 0 ( r . e . n 6 n r r e gc r { B a i r i r r H b r
6am HccrreAoBaH B pa6orax VI. A. AnenrunHa vr H. H. Bepra- yll(e u^{eercfl soHa c Ko/rbr{eBor? HeoAHopoAHOCTbrO), TO BHa-
r H H a u A p . C , r r e l y sp a 6 o r e H . H . B e p u r u H a [ 1 9 7 9 r . ] B b r p a - qa.,TeKoJrbr\,raralK 6yler. nporer(arb B npeAeJlax erofi soHbr, a
3HM AHHa[4Hr{y pocra cJrofl oicaAKaHa BHyrpeuHeirnoBepxHo- 3areM y)r(e pacfipocrpaHr.r,t.crr rr u trJracl" llplr t:0 trotsbrrrre-
c.rn cpunbrpacae4yrorqraM ypaBFrenpreM H}TC YPOBHfl BOAbI B CKBAX{HHC OTIPCACJIHTCLB COOTBCTCTBI'IH
C
rpopivry"rrorl - AOroJrHHre,'rbHoe
clrldt -- Q,,Cr,12nl,,r,
=: ( 7t ) llo), f4.e (,p conporr.rBJreHr.re B
M 0 M c n r/ : 0 - [ q , ( 0 ) .
rAe co - I(OIlUellTpartilflB3rBeueiltrbrx rra'cTrrr(B Bo;Ae, trocryfiarouler:rB llpr,r l>0 HatrHr{aeTcflBbrrraAer{He H3 BoAbr B3BerueHHbrx
ci(Ba)KH,tIy(Co: Mly, M - Myrtlocrb BoAbt v \ - o6r,e'uuas Ma,ccaB3Be-
ulerrlrbrx uacrr.rq)i Io - A,rrr{rratb,u,rrtrpa;r -- paccToflHt}ieoT rlerrTpa cr('Ba-
qacrHrr r.rB rlpeAeJraxo6,rlacru
lro-r"l o6paeyercf 3oFraKo,rrb-
) t i H n b t A o n o B e p x u o c r r . ro 6 p a s o e a n u e r o c r { c " ' i o f l r j u o M e H T B p e M e H Hl . ; M a r a x ( a .A o r e x r t - o p ,r o r ( a R ( l ) ( r c , n o e o t u e H u ey p o B H f l B o -
(ro-r) ToJIIuJ.r,rta cr'I,ofl ocaAI(a Ita n,rryrperruefi fi,o:B0pXnocr;H cpu,rrlr,pa. Abr B cKBalKHHe 6yler olpeAe/rflrbcfl raK)Ke n6-qlopMyJre
(70), HO EO OCTAHCTCfl AOTIOJIHHTCJIbHbIM
C O I I P O T H B J I C H A C MC
I4urerpnpyn ypaBHeHrae
(71) oT'16 (0) Ao r(t), ro.uyr1s14 yqeroM yx(e KoJrbMararrHH soHe -
B cpr.r"rrr,rpoeofi (o (/) , r. e.
t
r -- -- r t 0
1r / t -
t doct , (72)
e ' '\ / k" - ' r) In'a"--,-e" - -&-\ 1n3'-@ ,
rAe croc: QoCrlntrrf,. !ri'(t):\ft*
ro Rb/
(77\
/ \Ad.,. ro
Aalee npI4MeM,qro roeQQuuueHr Qra,rrtrpar\HH o 6 p a s o - rae ^/e.qn-^xoe$'rpliqueHT Su"rrr,rpat(ulr rJrra,rnrpa B 3oHe rio.rrbMara)r(a
BaBrxerocfl cJrofl ocaAKa paBeH ko". TorAa Irorepfl Hariopa ro-t(t (l); r(r(f) - rp?3M€rpbr
B,orrbrr(oJrbrvrara)r{a.
BoAbrrrepe3aror c.uoficocraBnT
rrpu ABrzlKeHHr4
Q o - h ' n
''\Joc - (i3) Rt (l) : ro ( 78)
,"hlh. r #ln(l-aocf).
flocronrxy KoHqeHrpar\Hn BsBerrreH'Hbrx qacrr.rq B BoAe IlA€ ct,q,: tfo-F (n+-i/o) CtllCo; trut rT,opr{crocrb n,o,p,o,AB o6,rar:rt.t
oqeHb MaJIa,To, ctlprrafl, rrro cl,or/q1, BMecro (73) MoN(Ho \ro-rc) i fl,n - lptl3ee,M,Ko'crb3orrr)r.
3aflHcarb npH6"nuxeHHocJreAy]oueeBbrpax(eHue Bpeua, B TeqeHlr e KoTopor o r ( oJr bM ar alK 6yler npor el{ar b
(74) ^
ASoc = Qoao"tI 4.nko"lo. B o1nacru (ro-r"), o r p e A e n H r c n r 4 3 c p o p n a y . n i r( 7 8 )
l l p u g T o M Ao n o i TH H TeJrbH oeconporH B JreH H e H a H ecoB ep- tr : nmd,+U? - ,20)lQo. (7s)
ilIeHCTBOCKBa)Kr.[rbInO Xapar{Tepy BcKpbrTr.rflBoAorrocrrofo nJra-
CTA COCTABHT flpra tltt o6,nacrt (ro-r") noJrHocrbio3aKorrrbMartrpyercff
ki ni)oqecc pacrpocrpaHurcfl B rrJra.cr.iipu R (i )r" nonri-
)
c ' , (: + - t ) s : s - + 0 , s f f t . (75) ,ureHHeypoBtrf BoAbr B cKBa>KtrHe
us Qopir,ry.nu (70) , a Berrurqnua
6yler rar(x(e onpeAeJrflTbcff
(,p(/) cocraBr4r:
Konlnara)K cKBa)KuH,o6yc,rroe,neusuftilpoHr4KHoBeHr4eM r4
OTJIo>r{eHr.reM B38ettleHI-Ibrxr{acrurI B npHcKEax<annoilt3oFJe e (or:) ( # ' ) 6 - k - l _ ( , * -n' )f f , ( 80)
il,rracra,6lr.u ucc"rre4cieaH B pa6orax H. I{. Bepuruna, IO. M.
l l l e x r n a a n a ,B . C . A n e N c e e B a f, . M . K o v r n r y n a p aH A p .
floenueHae ypoBHff B cKBalKnHeB yKa3ai{Hbrxyc/roBuflx
npr4 t>0 orpeAerrflercs no cpopMy,'re(70) , ry{e EO - AouoJI-
rAe R2 (t) :

A/
t v
v"

r
v/;
-l- ( n- .-
r \ ' - r r
A.I*)
- .t I )
a,
v L

poA rrpucKBalKanrror?
soHbr rrJlacra, onpeAeJlflercflrto QopMyre
( /rrr r,[c r?u n,o'ptrcr,orcrb nopoA BO4roll,sgrtoan rrJracra i N,, ptx fpfl3eerM_
- .\,
eo-t -f--_tltn -R- -(-l i)- - - i -^.-- i.l0i ,, 5
, ( ; - _ .-\ , l . - l - - : : iQ- |nrt,
l)lrtIl \
(76) .
l ( c ) c ' l L ; f u , , . t ,- t < o e ( l ) 4 ) I r l r H e t t r ( t u n t r ' 1 l a r 1 u l r n o p o A B 3olre IioJrbMara)ri:1.
\ rcsx ) ro / \ \ kn* Mnr'oa'n I
. KoeQ $nquenr Q unlr f aquu r opoA B 3oHe r ( oJr bM ar axa
r4e /e.,,,- r<oocpcpr.ilirieHT
rpr,rrurpauHl.r
nopoA R 3oIre KoJIbMaraIrH14. ftt.,, 3aBHcHT or Maccbl ocaAKa, orJIox{HBIIIefocff B nopax
i
t24 125
ti
 ^ l \ - - 2 - - , , T) ^^e^^^-. Tr-\ l,f ffT^---- TT lll l,(----,-- YT Yl Y't----
r-pyH'r'4.J'|a satsr{crrMOcTboobrrrHo ilpHHr.rMaeTcflB BHAe .D Pauurax rL,,. lvl. rrrex'l'MaHa, A. lvl. IVIHHI{4, I.1. I-1. DePI,I-
rHHa, f. M. KorvrrurynapaH Apyrnx 6ttn HccJreAoBaH KoJrbMa-
hn.x:u,'('-+)^, (8la) TalK cKBax(HH.4/rfl HeKoropbrxcflyqaeB HepaBHoMepHoro
coo6MeHa,KorAa y+ @ H HaKon;reHr.re
Mac-
ocaAKoB B rrpl4cKBa-
rle b - yAeJlbHuri o6reu orJro>I(gH,r.r'fi,
ir.rgiMenfftoug.rficg
ts flpo{ecce Ko'Jrb-
>I(HHHbrX3OHaXnJraCTa[pOTeKaeTBO BpeMeHr{. TaXas SaAaqa
MaTaxa or 0 Io ffo; //o --- npeAeJlbrlas eMKocTb II:olJI'ouI€H,Hf'no,poA HMeer cJrox(HoeperueHHe,Ho Mox{Ho,cJreAyrrpa6ore B. C.
No( tlo tI tlo - tHaqaJrbHafl ttorpoAi kr, -- il&{t8Jlb'tlroe
nro,p}lcrr,ocTr, 3HaqeHIIe Anexceeea lr f. M. KovrnryHapa, npnHflTb, qro KoJrbMarax(
xoesrrpuqueura rl-r,lrnbrpaqHtrl,otp,oAi m - no,Ka3areJrbcrelrreHr.r, ,ilprrIIH,Maro- npoTeKaeTJIHIIIbg1nwTwCKBa)KHHbI, r4 3aIrHCaTb
ultttt 'sHaqeH'ue m:2,8 cofJracH,o MoAeJr'r.r lpynTa, rl,peAfl,oxeHfitoricnuxre-
rpoM,H m:3 no Koserr:fl. b (t) : l/o (1 - e-L'\t) , (82)
Ha puc. 28 rrpuBeAeHbr r.paSr{K'H r.r3MeHeHr.rfl k"*lkn or r4e Acy - o6o6ureHsnii6espaauepunri
napaMerp.
b l n o , n o c r p o e H H b l en o Q o p v i y " r r e( 8 l a ) r r p H m : 2 , 8 L r m : 3 , 1 4
AaHHbre, [oryqeHHbre B pe3yJrbTaTeo6pa6orrn orrbrToBno floAcraHoBKa (82) H (81) a Qopvry.ny(70)
3aB?rcr.rMocrefi
KoJrbMar a\r4w f pynroB. Kar Br{AHo,Qopvryna (81a) BnoJrHe npH kfi:kq(t) Aaer crreAyroueeBbrpax{eHne AJrff SynruuH
yAoBJIeTBOpHreJrbHO OIrHCbrBaeT pe3yJrbrarbrorrbrToBIIpaKTHqe- €o(l)
cKH Bo BceM Auana3oHe Lr3MeHeH'lIfl BeilHrIHHbrblno.
fIpH blno40,4 Qopvryna (Bl a) Mox(er 6urn npr.rBeAeHa K -t] h rs, (83a)
suAy (puc.29)

kr.x: o"(t-r+) (8r6)

Il p ra p a B H o B e c H o M uaccoo6MeH e B efi H rrr4H ab MrH oB eH H o

AOCTITTaeT rCBOefOnpeAeJrb',Horo3HaqeHllfl N0 14, cJIeAoBaTeJIb- eo(i) :(+ ,mLcvt-t),'Js- (836)
H o , ro e Q Qu q n e H r Qu ,urrpaquu nopoA B 3oH e K oJrbMaraxa
COCTABHT nnn orleHKH napaMerpoB KoJrbMaraN(afi nporHosa po-
cra Ao'noJrHureJrbHoro conporuBJleHufl 6o (l) Bo BpeMeHrriue-
-
kn.r,:u,(t =u"(t- r+) (8ls) o6xoAururoBecru KoHrpoJIb Ba pa6orol? fiorJlontarctrlnx cKBa-
+)''t-' )KHH. B roM cJlyqae, ecJILIKoJlbMarax(cKBaIKHHo6yc.non.ueu
o6paeoeaur{eM cJrofl,ocaAKa :H? nHyrpeHHeft noBepxHo,crr{
QHnurpa, To 6o (/) yBerr4rlHBaercflnpo,ropquoHaJrbHoBpe-
Merrn. A.ns rporuo3a pocra - BeJrHqHHbr 6o(i ) sec6xoAanro
o[peAeJrHTb KoM[JreKcuuft [apaMerp k,,uo"lkoc.OH Moxer
6urn ycraHoBJreu,ecJllt H3BecrHbrABa 3HarreHrzfi EGttr) trJtfl
BpeMeHHtt,z, BKJIIoqafit:0. Ha puc. 29 IIpHBeAeHrpaQur
[pHHrlHrrHaJIbHofi cBfl,sLrEq-'t. Vro"n HaKJIoHaHa eroM rpa-
Qnxe paBeH knaosfkss, a orpe3oK Ha ocH (O onpeAeJifieT
E o ( 0 ) . 3 u a s s n a q e H u ne o ( 0 ) I 4 r a p a M e r p a k ' . a o " l k o c i,l o S o p -
MyJre (75) paccqurbrBaercfi Ao[oJrHHreJIbHoeconpoTnBJrer{He
uRl 'l 1n 0 t, 0 eo (/) . Ecnu 6o(/) yBerILIquBaercfl Bo BpeMeHHro norapuSrr,rn-
0,6 0,8 / qecKoMv-?aMHV=To nDoHcxoAHTI(oJrbMaTalK
- - - - - - - - J - - - - - - - J ' -
f
nt)Hc.KnaxHguoft - - I -

lrrr^ tR SasucH$rocrb Kog(b$HqHeHra Pnc. 29. MeroAuKa oqeHKI{ napaMerpon soHbrnpH paBHoBecHbrx ycJroBllrrxMaccoooMeHa.iJ sToM cJry-
KoJrbMarar(a npn o6paaoraHuu nJreHKH Ha
O r n b r p a q H H trnx/trn oT Hacbtlr{eHHocTHnop nHyrpenHeft noBepxHocrn Qr.ntrpa qae pacrlerbl npoBoAflrcr IIo Sopmy"rre(76) ripu (o(0) :0, a
ocaAKoM bln"
.l - no AaHHbtM A. M. Musqa tI rIpH 6o(0) ;a0 ilo Qopnry.rravr(77) kr (80). HaNoueq, ecrll{
2 - to pocr, To pacrier
B. 3. Meltqepa;
l. M. KorrrMyHapa; I, II
-
LaHHbrM
reopeTl'lqecKlre €o (/) HMeer Bo BpeMeHr{or(cnoHeuqua.nrHnfi
KpHBbre flpH m, paBHoM 3 u 2,8-;.III - reo' BeAercffno QopnryrlaM (83a) Ltrrkr(836) . ,rii
pernqecKaff npffMaa nPH blno<O,+
lif
127 ili
126
 PE
7. BOCCTAHOBJIEHU A C X O A AC K B A ) I ( I 4 H x('HHSAr,ABJu4BaH?reM B repMerHSHpoBaHHyrO CKBaIKHHy X{I{AKO-
crr{ rroA AaBJTeHHeM nn6o irpHMeHeHHeM nocbrJrbHoforpy3a.
Lair<e B cJryclSgrrqarenruorl iloAroroBKn BoAbI,noAaBae- flonropuoe H MHoroKparnoe ocyuecrBJregr{e HwfiJrosr4rB
lrofi B cr{Ba}KHHy,KaK npaBI4Jro,trpoucxoAHT I(oJIbMararrr4n cKBaN(HHaX AOCTH| aeTCf rrpHMeHeHHeMcrreqHa,IIbHbrxycr-
3oH, rrTo BacraBJlflerIIpoBoALITb poficrn, onycKaeMbrxB ,cr{BaxnHy Ha Kapora}KHoM Ka6efie
Qn"utrpoe H npaQi.t,nnrpoBblx
pereHepar{r4roHarHerareJlbHbIX(nor,rroqaioqux) cHcreM. Oc- H,rrrr,'HacocHo-KoMrIpeccopHbrx rpy6ax.
H O B H b T M T {t r p H q p l H a N 4 H K O J I b M a T A I \ L 4 Vr I p H i l O A a q e B C K B a ) K H H b I fIpT xHMHrrecKoM tr 6uonoruqecKoMKoJrbMaralKeQn.rrrrpon.
oqr.ru{elrribrx BoA flBJIflTOTCfl IIpOHlIKaHLIe BO3LyXa qepe3 kr npu@u"rlbrpoBbrx3oFr rHApooKu'cJraMH>KeJre3aHaprAy c
HeIJTOTHOCTH B COeAI.IHeHHflX BOAOTIOAaIOUIHXTpyo H BbIAeJIe- rrMrryJrb'cHbrMH MeroAaMH (napnnorr,rTAn, sJreKrporHApoyAa-
HHe ero B flopax eoAoHocHofi [opoAbl, orJlox<eHne B npu3a- poM rtJrhr[HeBMoBspbrBoM)rvroryr 6urr' peKoMeHAoBaHbr pea-
6 o fi u o rt 3 o H e rr4 Ap o o K IIcJIoBx{eJl e3a, o6pasyrcunxcfl rIpH K op- reHrHbreo6pa6orKH 14xou6aHnpoBaHHoe eosAer?crBne(connre-
p o 3 H H B o Ao B o Ao B H s o rxoc6opH bIX el txoctel i , a raK )K e 6uono- crHafl peareHrtar, Lr r{MnyJrbcHan o6pa6orra) [l] u Ap.
rH q e ' c K rreo 6 p a c ra H H fl . K poue roro, npH troA arl e B cK B a]I(H I{ bt B KaqecrBe uau6o"nee eQ$errnBHoro peareHra B oroM
rre o q u u l e H H b rx B o A c y u ecrB eH l -Io t4H TeH cH QIaqH pyercflMexaFII{- cflyqae Mox(qg peKoMeHAoBarbcoJrflHyroKHcJroTyKoHueHTpa-
.lecKlrfi, xriuH.lecxuir kr 6uo.norlrqecr<afi KoJIbMaralK I4 AJIfl pe- quefi 20-25010. flpouecc pacrBopeHnfl raApooxurcJroBx{eJrega
re F re p a u H H u e o 6 x o 4 r,rM brxovr6nuupoB aH H bl e H H TeH ct4B H bIe B o3- HgTeHcuQ'uqupyercnrrpn ;HBrpeBeKucJrorbrAo 50-60"C. 3a-
Ae r? c re l rrr i ra c p u n trp u npH $H " rrr' TpoB bl e
3otl bl cK B al l (l 4l -l . M;eHHTbCOJrflHyrO KHCJTOTy MO)KHOrrOpOrrIKOO6pa3HbrMlr pea-
C n o c o 6 Bo c c ra H o BJrer-rH flpacxoA a [rarH erareJIbH bIX vrJtrl reHraMn-nefirpalusaropaMH:6ucy"rrr$aroMHarpr.rr(NaHSOa)
rro f.rro ru a ro u ru x c K Ba l KI4H nm6upaercfl B B aB H cH MocrH or xa- KOHrIeHTpaUuefi pacrBopa 5-70lo r4J|H'cynlboaunuoeofi Kr{cJro-,
p a r(T e p a H OC H OB I-tbnIXpttqH H I{OJIbMaTaIl H I,I, C yqeTOM.OcO6eH - rofi (NHzSO3H) Ko'Hqenrparluefi 7-100[. Cnegyer, oAHaKo,
rro c re l l Ko H c rp y KU H H cK B al K ut-Ibt14 ee B oA o' [pueuuol a qacrl .I. HMerb B BHAy, rrro ee pacrBopfror[afi cnoco6socrb xreJre3H-
flpu Bo3AyIrIHoM KoJIbMaralKe Su,rrsrpa Lr nopucroft cpe4e crbrx coeAHHeHHft e l0 pas r{HX{e,qeM y conqHofi KucJrorbr.
B n p r,rfi n " n l rp o e o l i 3 o H e npH B bITIoJIH eIIH H ocH oB H oro rpe6o- flpn orHocnTeJrbHoAJrHreJrbHoMMex{peMoHTHoMnepr{oAe
B a H H fl L [rfl o 6 e c n e .l e H ufl repti IeTI,I3aU LIH cauofi cK B a]K I4H bI14 Ha6flIoAaercrrAerHAparar\Hnr,HApooKHcJroB x(eJle3a,g cBsgHc
qeM pe3Ko 'yxyArxaercfl r{x pacrBopuMocrb B peareHrax-neft-
Cr{cTeMbr rtOAar]'HB Hee BOAbI nOJIOX{Ure.unHttfieSQexr AaeT
Bai(yy Mtrp oBa HHe cTBoJra cKBalKHHbr lTJI14LIMnyJIbCHO -HMn JIO3I{- rpannsaropax. B erux ycJroBuflx BecbMaeSSerrHBHo npuMe-
o H H a fl o 6 p 4 6 o rr< a , a raK > K e pfl A MeToA oB , H 3JIoX (eH H bIX B bIIrIe. H f l r b ' n o p o r x K o o 6 p a s H n rAf ir l r H o H H r ' H a r p r . r f(iN a r S e O r ) , o n r n -
I4 N tn ,ro s u o u u u ft e $ $ e N r ocH oB aH H a co3A aH H I' IB H yrpH S u.ul '
MaJrbrJbre lr.apaMerpbrHc[oJrb3oBaHHfl Koroporo - KoHrIeHTpa-
T p a 3 H a rrz re /Ib H o ro i l e penaA a LaB l reH fi fl .3a cqer QopntupoB a' rl'Hfl 6-870, pH cpeAbr 6-8, reMrreparypa He Bbrrue l8bc.
Hlrs o6.ilacTH c IIoIIHII(eHHbIMAaBJIeHUeMoTHocaTeflbHo rl4Apo- !,uruouur HarpHfl He npoflBJrrer KoppoAupyrourero4eficrnnn
e La!n qee KUI u AabJLefLyLfl
lD
f l-).
f
\J.
A -^"^^^-
farrEnuuEI'
r'
rL
-^ \
Alr. | .
J\A-rt^-o'
.l.vIl n(JD\-.u- HA MCTA.JIJII,IqCE,T{HC KOHE.TNVKTHRIInTE
pa6orxy*.--'&;;;;;ffif;;i;;;il;;;;;; ";;a;;i";
A,NEMEHTT-T N'rrRRlr{'TT{ N6-.

H O e c o 3 .A a H I,IeB a I(y i /M a (noH uxeH H oro 4an.neH zn) B Qunl rpe

o 6 e c n e .l r4 Ba e r H H T e H cH sH Lti i cpbtB rtysbl pbK oB B o3A yxa c
rB e p Ab rx rra c rr{ rre K[o pucror? cpe4rt H yA aJIerIH e ero ]I3 cK B a-
N l ru r,l . Xa p a r(T e p H a ff oco6eH uocrb 14MttJIosI{ oH I-Ioro B oB A eI?cr-
Bt4fr 3aK,'Itoqacrct{ eil{e II B ToM, tITo B natta.llttltft MoMel{T
Bp e x 4 e l tl i , c o o T Be rc re )rl oul H rl MaK cH MaJrbH oMy neperraA V A aB -
!i Qu,llrpaIIHoHFIoNly fpaAHeHry, Su,nlrpaquonultfi r0' ceoftcrsoM floJrz$oc$aroB fiBJrrercfl Hx cnoco6nocrb cra6nnu-
"rbHriq'
r T O K B O A b I ' H B O 3 A y X a H a[paB JIeH B H yTpb C TB OJIaC K B aX (H H bI. 3HpOBarb'BOAHbre pacrBopbr Aax{e ilpu cyqecrBeHHo 6onturnx
rTsr n6r-rr 6nrrrr.r dlra.nr-.'rnoRv.r noLI3a6ofi Hol'r .3oHL'I cl(BaN(litl
3HaqeHzflxpH B cpaBHeHHr4 c nefirpaJrbHbtMn.
! L l L V V V L l v v r r r r ^ \ + / r r u r u

MeTOAOM LiMnfi 03 i.iH I4Cli.OJIb3yIOTCflI( a nCyJIbI' n p eACTa BJIfl IOIIlte

6orxe cKBax{HHnoApo6Ho orrucaHaB pn,qe peKoMeH l,aunfi H
co6ort ToJrcrocreHHbre rIHJrHHApHqecKHecocyAbl, I{axoAfulllecf pyKoBoAcrB H, B rlacrHocrn, B pa6orax, orMer{eH'Hblx paHee.
rro A Ba r(y y Mo M. C o cyA rr pa3pyual orcfl . rIpI4 _orpeA eJIeH H oM flpn 'HaJlHrrHH
sarpy6Hbrx cKBalKr4HMolKHorroAaBarb peareuT
rra /{ p o c ra ru rte c l (o M A a B reH H I4 I{ a 3a4anH oi l rny6uue. B osN ,Iox'
HaxoAfulHxcf B err4 cKBaxHHbr,yranfr,fl. [poAyKTbr peaKrrHHH3 gKcnJryara-
r{o Lr ilpHHyAHreJIbHOe pa3pyuleHHe cocyAoB' qHoHuoircKBaxnHbrorKaqxofi.
n o A Ba r(y y MOM, H e IIOcpeA cTB eH H o B S u" l l rpOeOfi qaC TH cK B a'
5-1455 129
 I,'lHrencuQuraquto npoqecca pacTBopeHHgKoJIbMarl{pyrc- 6urtr cKBa)KHgu S - floHrlx{enue ypoBHrl BoAbt B cKBax{rane).
rrIHX orJro)KeHl{fi fi yAaJIeHI,Ie 'ux I'I3 [puQI{JIbrpoBoIl sollbl O4uaxo Ha rrpaKTHKeraKr{e ycJroBnflpeaJrn3yrorcflAaJreKoHe
MoX{Ho o6ecneqHrl coqeranueM HMIIyJIbcHoFo H peareHTuoro BcerAa, H B npoqecce oKcnJryarar\Hkr soAosa6opoB HaSilro/.a-
Bo3leficrBtfl. BoeMoxHo [peABapl{Te.rbHoepaspyl[euue KoJIb- ercfl HerrpepbrBHoe n3MeHeHHeKaK IIoHHN(eHHfi ypOBHfl BOAbr,
MaTaHTa HMTIyJIbcHbIMII MeT'oAaMHc fiocJleAylou1efi peareHr- TaK H pacxoAa cKBalKI{H.
Hofi o6pa6omofi H oAHoBpeMeHHofiIaMnyJlbc'Ho-pearenrnoft llpuuuua sror,o saKJrroqaercfl B cJreAyrouleM l2l. floAeeivr-
o6pa6orKoIl. Hbre BoAo3a6opbr,KaK npaBHJro,[poeKTfipyroTcfl B BHAe rpy[-
B nepBoM cflyqae B cKBall(fiHeMo)KHoBspbIBaTbTopneAy rrbr cKBalKnri,o6reAuHeHr-rbrxMelKAy co6ofi cucreprofi c6op-
r4s AeroHgpyloqero IxHypa (TAIII) , o6pa6arblBarb €e, npn- Hbrx BoAoBoAoB,IIo KoTopbrM BoAa oT CKBa]KHHC rrOMOtrIbIO
MeHflfl sAeKrpOrI{ApOyAap, IIpoH3BoAI4TbIIHeBMOB3pbIBI',lJIH HacocubrxycranoBoKnoAaercfi rrorpe6ureJrro. Taxuvr o6pasou,
HMrrJro3ulo.rlp" 83pbIBe TAilI p_ Sz.nlrpe cKBa)KHHbIco3Aa- eo4osa6opbr rrpeAcraB.rrflroT
co6or?rai< 6nr eAHHyrorHApaBJrr{-
ercg HM[yJIbc c AaBJIeHI{eMor 35 ,qo 100 Mna' _eJleKrpori{A- qecKylo cucreMy H pelKHM pa6ortr orAeJrbHbrx gJreMeHroB
poyAap eroli cncreMbr (cxna;Nau c BoAoHocHbrM ropH3oHToM,Haco-
iun coB, BoAoBoAoBtr coopyxeuzfi ua celH) rBJrflercff B3ar{MocBfl-
I{3 yIIOMflHyTbIX MeTOAOB LT npoKarIKI{.-cKBaN(I',IHbI[poI{3BOAfT 3aHHbIM.B cu"nyororo .uto6ue [r3MeHeHHfl, rrpoucxoAflulneHa
peareHTHylo
^ pereHepall'Hlo no O6bIqHOftTeXII6JISTHH. yrlacrKe eoAoga6opa (Hapyrueuze rHAporeororurrecKuxycJro-
Konn6HtruionaHHoe coBMecTHoe l{M[yJlbcHoe Bo3AeficrBue NNU ,gA |PAHHIIAX IIJIACTA, I{3MCHEHIIC IHAPABJIHTICCKHX NAPA-
orpaboraHo ; MaI{cI,IMaJIbHofi crerIeIIH lrpla coqeratr4r4 Br46pa' MerpoB ,cucreM c6opa 'fi [oAaqu BoAbr H r. il.), rrpHBoAflTK
rp4r4 H peareHTa. BufpaUun B cTBOJIe cKBa)KHHbI co3Aaercfl [epepacrpeAeJreHr.rrc
Harpy3oK MexAy cr{Ba>KHHaMv H, CJTeAO-
c[eU?IaJIbHbIMH cKBaxI4'HHbIMI{ Bu6paropaMu rHIIa ByP-2' BaTeJIbHO, K H3MeHeHLIIO 'HX paCXOAa. 3a.IaCTyIO oTH I{SMeHe-
ByP-3 HJn4 arperaraMH g.JrfrBH6paU,HoHHoro ocBoeHLIfl cKBa- Hnn 6ttgam croJlb cyillecrBeHHblMr{,rrro Hapyualorcff ocuoB-
xr{H ABO-1, AgO-2, paspa6oranuunnu
-SrlaruH BHI4l4fC Muutvtoir- HbIe ycJIoBI{ffI{'cyMMapuag iloAarra BoAbror cKBa>KHHQ" cra-
rax(cneucrponcccP. Br,r6paroqaYlB sunltpe co3- HoBHTcfl MeHbrrre,qeM rpe6yelca iro pacr{ery, a rroH,Hx(eHI{R
Aarorcfl No.re6anuqc rlacroTofi Ao 10 fq 14 aM[JII'IrYAofi ypoBHfl S B cKBaxuHax HarrnHaror [peBbruarb AonycruMbre
rHApoAtHHaMHqecKoro Ao 0,4 Mlla. IIq" eJleKrpo-
AaBJIeHHfl 3Har{eHHs.tlro6br o6ecnerrHTbrpe6yerurmftpe}Kr,rMpa6oru Bo-
v w 6 p a g u o H H o fi o 6 p a 6 orK e,cK B al I(H H co3A al oTcflB H 6paqfi OH H bIe 4oea6opHbrxcoopy)KeH'afi H o6ocuosaHHo,HaMeqarb Mepoilpil-
KoJr^e6aHI4f, c qacrbr,oir Ao 50 fq H aMnJII'IryAofi Ao 0,8 Mfla' ,rrrfl., HanpaBJreHHbre
Ha rroBbrlrreHnee$QerruBHocrr{ pa6orrt
Bo s M o X(F IoIi p e a fe H T Ho-aK ycTuqecK oeB o3A efi C TB H eH a Qufl bTp 4eficrnyrculux crrcreM, neo6xogzm KoMnJreKcsufi [oAxoA K
14 [pI{QHJIbrpoByIo soHy c I{cnoJIb3oBaHHeM_yJlbrpasiyKoBol4 pacqery BoAoaa6opoB[oAseMHbrxBoA, rrpr.rKoropoM 6rr,ura6u
y c ra H o B KH , p a 3 p a 6 o ra Hnofi H I4I4OC i l H M. H . M. l epcena- yqreHbr ycJroBuff cosn[ecrHort pa6ortr Bcex gJreMeHroBcuc-
IJrlD 'I
TCMbI.
cyuecrByrouHe pa3pa6orKH o6opyaoBa:Hl4fl,14 rexHoJIOfHI4 OAuurvrr{s rrepBbrx3aAaqy ilo pacqery cHcreM floAarru Bo-
pereHepaIIHI{ cKBa)KI4H Ha soAY no3BoJIflIoT 3Q$eKTI{BHo Boc- Abr or cKBalr(HHpaccMorpeJrH. H. Oue.unu n 1960 r. B Aarrb-
cTaHaBJII4BATbHX pacxoA 14 cyuecTBeHHO yBeJIHqHBaTb CpoKIr Her?ureu HM . 6am paspa6orau rp aQoau ailLrr:r,uecxufi, MeroA
g Kc n J Iy a T a IIH H c H c T e M B oA o3a6OpH bIx, H arH eTaTeJIbH bIxcK B a- pacqera coBMecrrroripa6oTbr cKBalKr{HH HacocHbrxycranoBoK
x{HIl, a raK}I(e cI(Bax{l'IH ABOfiHOTO'I{a3HaqeHHfl' ua o6ulufi eoAoBoA,a AJrfl,o1nHorrHbrx 'cKBalKHw.6unn cocraB-
JreHbr ra6nuqu ro uo46opy BoAorroAbeMHofoo6opyao BaHr4fl,
I - . na B a I X . K O M n J I E K C H b I E T H A P A B J I I { q E C K I ' , I E (norpyxHbrx cKBaxHHHbrxuacocoe). Heeasucr{Mo or H. H.
PACTIETbC I HCTEM(CKBAX(HHbI - Oue.u'l.IlrarpaSo aHa[rlrrtrqecKflfrMeroA pacrrera pe]KHMa pa6o-
Tr-T n rrltr{nfrr{T-r'!a trwp.allat,r,rr nor?,n.nprrrrrrrrrt\a D \rr. Trr\Errrcr\z ^,r.arr'Trn-
vJqf.^rrv rr^v r\ v^\sqlrllllrt y rvlJ+rll\ p yVCTVSII/IA VI q+IrV
rqvlrvrs

HapHofo 14 Hecrai-li,iouapHororioToKoB rroA3eMribrxBOA, 6un

I. OEIIIHENOJIOXEHI'Iq paspa6orau B 1964 r. n. f . !,o6ponoJrbcKnM,a ro3AHee Hx
pa6oru 6wn'n o6o6utesbrB crarre B. fI. CrapuHcKoro. fpaQo-
B HacroflIqee BpeMs rpg npoeKrl'IpoBaH'I{n BoAosa6opHblx aHailHT[rrecKue MeToAbI pacqeTa flBJrflroTcffBecbMa HarJIflA-
coopyx(enufi o6uqilo pa3JII'lqaIoTABa [peAeJIbrHbIX pe)KI{Ma I{x HbrMH. OAuaro AoJr)KHorotrpuMoHeH'r{flB rrpaKTHKerrpoeKru-
p a 6 o r r r : p e x H M Q : i o n s t u p e x { H MS : c o f l s t ( r a e Q - ae- poBarrufl eoAosa6opoBrloAgeMHbrxBoA oHu He HalrrJrr{.3ro, n
l.* r 2 l
nepBylooqepeAb,o6ucnflercfl TeM' qro AJIf,noflytlenutl peue-
P n c . 30. Pacqernas cxema (cKBaxH-
Ha-Hacoc-B()AOBO,(>

n"i ipe6yeicn rpoBecru saqacrylo '|cJlo)I(HblerpaQnqecKue

r{uc-
O6tena KOTOpbIx BO3pacTaeT c yBeJIHr{eHaeM
nOcTpOeHLrfl.,
JIa 'CKBaXi{H. ' pa-
,[,a.rrrueftueuy pa3BLITHIOMeTOAOB pacqeTa pexHMoB
6oru cKBax(I'IH rI cHicTeMfloAaqu BoAbI B sHaqHTeJIbHOfiMepe
cuoco6crBoBaJloluupoKoe BHeApeHPlg g IIpaKrHKy llpoeKrupo-
BaHHfi3BM. n. A. XopyAxHeB B 1964 r. pa3pa6oran ararftI'
THrre'cKr{fiMeroA pacqera craql{oHapHbIX pe}KI4MoBpa6orbl 'HHX BOAONOAbCM'
C}ICTEMbI CKBAX(IIH C YIICTOM YCTAHOBK}I B
Horo o6opy4oBaHuf. Pea.rrnsalp{seTofo MeToAaHM 6atna Ocy-
rrIecrBJIeHana 3BM <<flpomuHb>> AJIfl [p_ocreilluI4x cxeM KoM-
.I 1I o9H7 o1B
- |K9H7 B
3or |A. A
o 3J a
I f6l g
opoH
a ob sI Xa c6oooppoyBx c<lel p
HoHl f{t3, aBBo ."InI .nCgroa fpt .cI x. IeHMc K
o fI i{ M B
c6opa BoAbIor cKBax{HHIIpIIMeHIITeJI6Ho x 3BM <<Muncr-22>>'
b fAp II..IIyxHep kr Apyrple paspa6orailv K6MIIJIeKS- Puc. 31. Cxeua rpa$oaHalurnqecKoro
MeTOAa pacqeTa cr.IcTeMbI <cKBaxx-
Hyro ilpofpaMMy, IIpeAHa3HaqeHHyIo AJIfl pacrlera crauHoHap- Ha-Hacoc-BoAoBoA> o-l
Hbrx r{ HecraqHoHap'Hblx pex(I'IMOB pa6orbl BOAO3a6OpoB' Aeii- I - pa6ou,aff roqKa Hacoca; 2 - xptt-
Baq noHH)KeHHff ypoBHr BOAbr B cKBa-
CTByIOUIHX B pa3JIHqHbIXrl{AporeoIoruqecKl{x ycJIOBHflX' npil xHHe; 3-xpunat, rHApaBrHrrecKHX
cuQouHo* or6o_pe ?I3 cKBalKuH. flporpaMMa conrloruBJreHHfi s BoAoBoAe
loAbl
"u.ocHoM
p e a J I H 3 o B" a H aBropoB,UH-
Haa 3 B M E 3 C M - 6 , n I I o A a F I H b I M
poKo l{crloJlb3yercf B npaKrHKe IIpoeKrI{poB a*r4fl, BoAo3a6opoB
rroA3eMHbIX tsOA 14 npH pacqeTe cllcTeM BoAo[oHI4]KeHHfl'

I
I A H A J I I I T H [ I E C K HM
2 . I ' P A I D O A H AHJTI H q E C K H }H t ZE T O A b I
PA.Cq ETA CI,ICTEM Puc. 32. Pacqer pa6ovefi roqKn Ha-
coca Q, Q,
cKBa'
PaccuorpnM rrpocrefiuyrc cxeMy [oAaIIn BoAbI OT
B rIpI{eMHbIil pe3epByap H,H
)r(HHbr no HailopioMy BoAoBoAy
( n H c .3 0 ) .
t'--B B cKBalKHHy'A6JI-
ut6* cryrrae Hacoc, ycr_aHoBJIeHHbIft
>KeHpa3BHBarbHaIIOp' paBHbIft
H:z+S+Lftg, (84) It0
z - rooMeTlp'I',l' H.37,76
r.u,e // - fl,o,rr,Hofi Bbt,coTa noA,beMa sqAH H,3 CKBaXIIHbI;
pa3HOC',IlH OT'MeToK 'Me)I{AY VP'OtgtHgu
qgcKafl BbtrooTa n,oAbeMa BoAbI, paB[Iag
pe3epByape u ylpotBHeM rolpl',I3oHTa; L'h" -
CTaTHrtIerOKOino IIOTepI{
BqAbt B -
:BoAoB,qAe ,FIA oT Hacoca Ao TouKH IlolAa'qu rn'ogtt; S
Har[,opa ]B Y.I&CtrKe
IIOrIIHX(eHHeylpOBHfi 'BrOAbIE oI(BalKH'He'

fl p u 3 a A a H H o M 3H aqeH I' I?tQ:Qp

(rLe Hp pacqerHafl Bblcora noAbeMa BoAbI I'I3

H: H,
;iltri"r#ti""' nooBe#;;t; Qn, Hp rLory6!?!9ltl^'rlJxHblfi
Hacoc. fI orpyxubl e cKBa)KuHHbIeHacocbl.,o6duno-T:*,9:"1:3:
noflyrleHHblM gg en
no rpaql{K;M pa6oqux xapaKrepucrl{K Q-H' 80 k, H!/v
HacocoB.
ucIIbITaH'I{ft Ans 6onrruuHcTBa
Ha ocHoBe saBOACKT{X Q'Qr
HacocOB, BbIIIycKaeMbIX OTeTIeCTBeHHOfi IIpOMbIlUfleHHOCTbrct
 BaIoT Bce l{cr;oMbleBeIHqHHbI'a H[feHHopacxo,4 Qp cxnaxa-
fp a SH KH p a 6 o q n x x a p aK repncrnK H acocoB npH B eA eH bI B K a- Hbr (Hacoca), Hanop Hacoca Hn, uo,HHxeTrHe ypoBrrff BoAbr B
TaJrorax tr cnpaBoqHI4I(ax. OAuaro BarlacTylo Hg I'IMeloqerocfl cKBa)KHHesp H noreplr Hanopa B .BoAoBoAeLh".
copraMeHra Ha'cocoB He yAaercfl IIoAO6parb rarofi, pa6ouan Ornoc'ureJlbHo rrpoc'ToB gToM cflyrrae pe[IarcTcfl. ,H ga[a.qtn
ToqKa Koroporo rorlHo 6u cooTBeTcTBoBaJIa pacqeTHblM 3Ha- peryJrr{poBaHr.rfpe)KHMa pa6oru cHcreMbr <<cKBax{HHa-rra-
rreHHflM Qp H Hp. floeron,ty ua ilpaKruKe Hacocbl rloA6l{paroT coc-BoAoBoA)>.Tar, HattpnMep,ecJru BeJrHqHHa Qp, ycraHoB-
c HeKoropblM 3aIIacoM IIo rHallopy Id peryJlflpylor Hx noAaqy, JreH'Haflpa,cqeToM,rrpeBbrlxaeT Tpe6yeMyro iloAar{y ,BoAbr Q*,
Taxoe peryJII{poBaHHe, KaK IIpaBHao, OcyUIecTBJIfleTcf C IIo- TO rrpHKpbrrHeMSaABHX{KnHA 'HanOpHOfi, nnnvru, KaK orMerla-
MOUIbIO 3aABH)KeK, yCTaHOBJIeHHbIXHa HaIIOpHbIX JI'I{HI{ffX. Jrocb BbrIrIe,Molr{HoperyJlHpoBarbnoAarry Hacoca c yMeHblrre-
PaccuorpuM rpaQoaHaIllTllqecxv.ft MeroA pacqeTa cucTe- HHeM ee AO 3HarreHHfl Qr. fpaQoauaJrHrnrrecKoe pe[reHHe
Mb r < < S KB a > Kp IH a -H a .C OC -B OA OB OA H A>'>[puMepe pa60Tbl co- orori 3aAaqu npnne4eHo Ha pHc. 32. Peuresae HaxoAr.rrcflr{a
opy)KeHufi no cxeMe prac. 30. re.peceqgHKr4n:f.H'r4fr
2-3 u Q-H c nepreHAHKyJrflpoMK ocr.r
flosnxeu'ue ypoBHfl HanopHblx rIoA3eMHbIx BoA B cKBa- a6cuncc B rorrKy Q: Qr. Orpesox MelKAy JruHr.tefi 3 14 Q-H
)KHHe B npoqecce orKaqKH orlpeAeJlsercff IIo QopMyJIe Ha,cocaHa rrep[eHA,HKyJrrrpeo[peAeJrfier BeJrHqr.rHyHanopa,
S : Q / ( R o* ( " ) ) a n , (85) ApocceJrHpyeMoro3aABHlKKOr2. AHanOrUr{HbrM o6paeonnMo}Ker
'e" - 6nm HafiAeuo peureHue,KorAa no ycJroBulo,3aAaqurpe6yercfl
nu,eRo - Qu.rrr,'r,pallnotlHoe Cofl,o'PTHIBJIeHHe BqAoHocHoI'onJIacTa;
go'Aosa6qpHoIi
ctKrBa- o6ecne'qnrt 3aAaH'HoenoHH)KeHHeypoBHfl BoAbr B cKBaxl{He
AcIloilHt{'reJIblHOe corrrportIBJIeIIHe Ita llecoBeplII€H,cr'Bro'
)KHilIbI II,O CTeneH,LI V nO XalpaKTepy BcI(pbIT'Ht TBOIAO'HOCHO|OnJIaCTa; T - s". Anq sroro Ha rpaQuxe xapaKTepHcrHKH cKBax{r{Hbr Haxo-
roa$'Q uqlr € H'T rB,oAolfirpolBo,,udMorcrH rrtJIorcr 3 . p,flTTor{Ky, paBHyIo_S', H r{3 Hee onycKaroT nepneHAHKyJrflp
.
Qoprviy.rry (85) Mo)KHo llepeflHcarb B BI{Ae Ha ocb a6c[ucc. IlepecerreHHe rrepneHAr4KylrflpaK JrHHHrr
S :-Ql q , (86) a6cqucc Q c KpHBbrMrl -IapaKrepHcrHKcKBa)KHHbr (2), BoAo-
q -rvr1paBJrr{qecKoeconporr{BJletllIeeJIeMeHra,MoAe' BoAa (J) H Hacoca (QI/) rrosBoJrrreruafirn perxeHr{e3aAarru
rp.e Q:fiT/(Ro*6.);
Jrgpyrculero pa6ory cKBa)KHHbr,r4Jrr4) KaK npHHrro B rlpaKTlIKefHAporeoJlO- peryJrHporBsHHfl pelKtrMa pa6oru cHcTeMbrHa ToqKy S:S..
BeJIIrqI4Haq -
rrlqecmux Da:c'rreTolR, oro yAe.nnuuli AeSut oKBax(I{HbI. llpurvrep 4. o6ecrne.ruTb_rtoAarqy BoAbr or cKBa>r{Hrubr
ts ,pe3epByap B
flo,rep,uHarlopa Ha yqacrKe BoAoBoAaor Hacoca Ao pesep- KoJIHqecTBeQ:60 rtrs/q. tr{snecruo, qTo yAenrHtrfi Ae6ur cxsaxr.r'H q-
- lq, rrasf,t_rnaI ,M rt'o,HLI,]KeHiHfl,
a FeoMerp,HqecKantsblcoTa rl,oAt,gMd B,olbl
Byapa cocraBJlflIor (c ne6o.rrblxol?
oruu6xol?) z:'30 ,M. P,esep:Byap_HaxorAuTofl ua pa,c'crorr;nvtnl:200 rruu r< melay fipoJro-
Lh"- (s, + su) Q' (87) x(eH EoAonoA D:150 uru. Tpedyer,cs noAo,6rparb 11a,c,oe H ilragHa[ryTb pe,
xHM ero pa,6orrr.
rAe S, u Su - tpy6
:BrotllO1fl,OA'bgMHbIX
COr11pOTHlB;1eHiHe u B9!,O'BOAa SOOT'
BETCTIBgHHO. Ta6nw\a 9. OnpeAureuHe no.nHofi Bbrcorbr noAteMa BoAbr, M
(npn z:30 rvr)
Tarnu o6paeonI, IIoAcraBi{BSopMyrIbI (86) 14(87) B ypaB-
lo,{\
HC.tIr4tr tol/ r lr\J.iry'r{rrvr I-ipn noAaqe Hacoca Q, u"l,l

o (s,+ su)Q" floxagarenn

H:z+;+ (88)

ree H:f (A) - npaQrurQ-H ;Ia'coca.

xaparre'p:I4crl'Irn
flosuxeuue ypoBnfl B
f paSoanaJIHruqecKoe peIueHHe ypaBIIeHHfi (BB) np'HBe- CKBAX(HFIC
c)
B
-Ha 31. 3ro peUIeHHe6u.no floflyrleHo cJIeAyIoulI4M
AeHo Ha pl{c. llorepu Ha[opa B BoAo-
o6pasori,r. I, napaJIJIeilbrafl'
BbIcoTe z npoBoAI,ITcfl nIunkrfr. BOAE 0,24 3,1
flonHaq Bbrcora noAteMa
oc; a6cUucc, u or Hee AJrfl Kax{Aoro a orcrlr.TbrBarorcfl3Ha- 3r 2,
y' l E,l n yry,d
lJ.Itl
Q ,t Ah Tf rrrrr;a
U LTLLLTLIL
I
e
u q
LLq
nun 3
v
l - tran2l{Tenlre.TuKa c-KBa- BOA[,I 44,1
L, fl ll,pll. }/r^v'

>KHHbr,T. e. rpasHK 3aBHCi{MOCTH 4, A Jln'Hklff, 6*,xa'

fl'pexle qeu flpl]cry'nt{Tb K pelxenuro noirasneu,Hoft 3aAaqfi rM€ToAoM
rpaQltuecxux nocrpoenufi, ueo6xoAuruo paccqr.rrarb xapaKTepHcrHKHBcex
gJIeM'eItroB'cl{,crerMbItto rcoorn,ercrtsyrorrruM gTHx
Qoprrny.uanr.Pesyrlrarrrr
pacqEToB3a[rocrr'cfi n ra6n. 9.
. fiaqee r]o AaHHbrnnta6.n. 9 crponr rpadHxu Q-H aJreMeHToB cucreMbr
(puc. 32) . D.ns uo46opa Hacoca Heo6xolunno 3Harb senuquuu FI v A.

135
1 q I
Be.nuquua Qr 3aAaHa no ycJroBHIogaAatIH. .[,.nn onpeAeneHnfl BeILITIHHbI I/ flHrrHrryLhn raKxe onpeAeJlflIorno rpopuy"ne (92), a 3Haqe-
Heo6xoAr.rMo qepe3 ToqKy Q:Qt [poBecTH JIHHI{Io,[ep[eHAIlKyJIflpHyIOocll Hr{e Qr ycraHaBJIHBaIoTH3 ycJIoBIlr Qr:4S*,
a6cqrdcc. Ha iepeceueunn nepneHALIKyJItpac xpunofi noJIHofi BblcoTbl Qopnryna (91) Mo)Ker 6um HcnoJlbsoBaHarr Arrfl.IIporHo-
rrorbeMa BoAbr HaxoAr.rrcfi ToqKa, no Koropol? onpeAeJlsercfl Tpe6yeMblfi IIpH rISMe-
u. 3a pex{ilMa pa6orbl <<CKBa)I*IHa-HaCOC-BOAOBOA>)
Hanop Hacoca. B Aauuotvt cfiyqae BeflHrII'IHaH:37,76
Hacoc noA6upapr IIo KaraJlory co 3HaqeH[flMr4 Q u H, JIex<auII'IMI4 B HeHr{Hyc,floBl{fi Ha yqacTKe BoAo3a6oPa, a raKx{e 3a cqer
o6.nacrn onruuanlurtx KnA. n,ns paccMarpnBaeMofo npl{Mepa raKoBhIM 'H3MeHeHHff THApaBJII4qeCKHXIIapaMeTpoBoTAeJIbHbIX 9JIeMeII-
rBrrffercff Hacoc MapKH SIIB l0-63-40._Eclu_ repeHecru rpaQnr xapaKre' TOB CI,ICTCMbI.
pHcrHKH Q-H arorg fiaco_c_aH-a.pnc. 32, to 6y4er BHAHo, IITO npz floAaqe
soAbr B KorHqecrBe Q:60 vs/u- oH pasBHBaer Hanop.H:42,5 M' T. e. Ilpuuep 5. Cxnaxuilra iHaxoAr{Tcfl Ha paccrotrH,Hl{ IIopflAKa 100 ra or
6ollue, qeM aro rpe6yerca rlo pacqery Ha BeflLItIr.IHy 'L,kg. LJtEAoBareJIbHo, peKH. BoAouourufi ropnsoHT npeAcraBJIeHxopouo npoMbtrblMu rpaeufino'
AJrff o6ecneqeHgq Q:-Qt Heo6xbAI4Mo3aABl'Ixrofi, ycraHoBneuuofi Ha sa' faJreqHHKoBbIMrioTJIo)KeHHfiMH.MoulHocrt BoAoHocHoro nJIacTa m:
nopuofi Jrrrlrrt, cpa6ora.rb Hanop L,hs:4,74 ll. Ec.lrn gToro He cAeJlarb, To :54 vr. KoeQQuuueHr Qu;rbrpar{HllnopoA rc:,1!_0_u/cyr.
pubouuo roqKa riacoca cMecrurcl Bn-PaBo-lq xqPaKreplrcruKe Q-Il. IIpu B cxnaxiprue ycranoB,'IeH Hacoc MapKI{ ATH'14, rotopuft n o6nactu
gToM noAarla Hacoca yBefiEqurcfl Ao Qp.:64,5 rvrs/u. onruMaJrbnbrx sHa'reHr,IftKnA o6ecne'Igsaet noAaqY BoAbI B Ko.l[qecrBe
or 120 lo 340 rug/.r.AHarurH,recKr{enapaMerpbl aroro Hacoca: A:17,3u
B ypaB'HeHHH (88) saAaHbI BeJIHqI-IHbI'z, S H Lfu" u aHIIIb u 8:0,44 10-4 .u,.nnQ, rtrs/.L Bo,qa or cKBalKI{HbIB pffiepByap noAaercfl
pa6ouin xapaKrepucruKa'Hacoca Q-H rpegcraBJle-Ha rpaQH- no BoAoBoly D:250 MM I{ Anuuofi /:100 rrl. IIoAselt{HbIe BoAbI Ha
B BH[e yqacrKe no.{osa6opa cKJroHHbrK ocaAroo6pasoBaHllp. floatouy seo6xoAll-
i<orvr.Ecnu xapaKrepl{cruKy 3aAarb
Hacorca $ynxUult MO AaTb rrporHog pell(HMa pa6Ortt CHcTeMbI<<cKBaN(HHa - Hacoq - BOAo-
(88) Mox(Houonyl{firbaga-
H:f I Q l, ro peuenue ypaBueHl{ff BoA)>c yqeroM ro.rrruataxa nopoA ltpucKBa]IclHHoti3oHbI nJlacra. flouuuo
fifiTHIICCKU. OToro u3BecreH rpaQur Kone6aHufl ypoBHfl rpyHToBblx BoA no MecflI{aM
pa6oqafl o6nactr roAa.
_IlofpyxHhlx HaoOcoB
!.ns 6o.ururnHcTBa Pacqetbr no onpeAeneHuroS n Q 6yA,eM rpoBoAl{rb no Qopuy.rrarra(86)
xapaKrepHcrukn Q-H Mo)KeT6nm otrncaua ypaBHe'HHeM H (91). llpu Bbrtu4cJreHHH 3Haqermfl.q rrpuuflTo, tITo cKBa)KHHatBJlflercfl co-
H : A- BQa, (8e) sedui6HuoIl no crenenlt BcKpbtrl1flnJlacra lolm: I (r4e lo-AnHHa Qn.ul'
Tp-a crnaxnuu), a Bernrrr.rHu QunrrpaIIHoHHbIx conpornsreHuft onpeAeJlfl.
- a,HaJIHTMrIIdcKHeflapa'MeTipbl XarpaKTgpl4cTl'rKll Q-H HaCOCa.
rAe A u B ruTcfl Iro r{BBecTnuiyrQopMynaM rrrApoAHHaMr.rKHnOA3eMHbIxBoA c yrIeToM
rpn.nttpoa cKBalKr.rHtI KoJrbMaraUr{Hn_p_$_ I{, B qacrH'o'crl{, no
3Kc_IIJIy_arat{HLI
TorAa nocy1enoAcraHoBKLI(89) B ypaBHeHHe(88) noJly' ypanueuufM, npr.rBeAeHHbIM B rJIaBaXvII U VIII.
qI,IM: u, Nsln:
B pacu6tax [pI'IHflTbI: lco:100 rvr/cyt, ro:0,2 M, /c:0,4
( S ' * S " * B ) Q ' * ( G - l q- ) ( A - z \ : 0 , (90) :0,8 u Lcy: 0,3 uec.

a pasperuafl nocJleAuee orHocI'ITeJIbHO Q, 6yA9M l{Merb fpaQuxn Ha pHc. 33,a no3BoJlflIor npoanaJlusnpoBarb
pocra Ao[oJrHHreJrbHofocorporl{BJleHHnEou), o6yc'
BJrr{ffHHe
| 1 \ I
f\ +q ") +/ + ( A - z ) ( s , * s " + B ) q Jt r JroBJIeHHofo KoJIbMaTalKeM, Ha pelKHM pa6OTbI cHcTeMbI <<cKBa-
x(HHa-H3coc-BoAoBoA>.Kar BHAHO,c pocroM eO(/) Ha6nro-
Aaercfi yMeHbiueHi.iepa,cxoAa ci(Bax(fiHbi. llpn gToM noHHlr(e'
' r t ^ t ^ I n \ I tot \
/[z(urtJnfD)), \rv

na'
rAe ep - noqaqa cKBa,xv,H (na'coca) rxpn BaAaHHbIXrr'rrAparb.rruq€cKHx
HHe ypoBHff BOAbIB CaMOfiCreaX(HHeyBeflnquBaercfi,a IIoHH-
"geilffit-
pa'MeT,paX
BCeX CI'ICTOIU.
SfieMeHTOB )r(eHHeypoBHa B IIJIaCTe U, B qaCTHOCTH,HA KOHTaKTeC
"-*5i;; 0 : 0;, Aarre_e (86)- (88)
ro Sopvry.rrarra Qu.rmrpor,r cKBa)I(HHbI yMeHblllaercfl. PasHocrl S (to, t)
-'
BbITIHCJI'IIOT3HAIICHI{fl S, A/," 14 H, -S (r., /) paBHa noHHx<eHHIo, o6ycnouleHHoMy KoJIbMara-
Ecnu rpe6yercfl o6ecnequrl 3aAaHHyIo roAaily BoAbi or N(eM, H COCTaBJIfleT
cKBalI(HHbIs KbnuqecrBe Q = Q* IIyTeM peryJlupoBaHuffnoAa- S (ro, l) - S (r", t) : QtlE*U)lznt. (93)
Kone6anue ypoBHrI rpyuToBblx BoA TaruI(e oKasblBaer 3Ha-
I{HTEflbHOC .BJIHflHHC HA PEX(I{M PA6OTbI CHCTCMbI. C IIOBbIIuC-

n H c a rb B B I{ Ae .
BbICOTa rIOAbeMa BOAbI H3 CKBaX(HHbI, A npH CHHX(eHHE
L h s : ( A- z ) - ( S '- S B- B )a i' - + q (e2) yBeflHrruBaereff. BcneAcrBr{e aroro KppIBafi HgMeHeHHflBo Bpe-
MelrH Ae6nra cKBax(HHbI r{aK 6u rloBropfler rpaQHK KoJIe6a'
qro6bl o6ecneqHtu H H n ypoBHn r pyHr oBblx BoA ( puc. 33, 6) . f paonxH Q ( l) lI
llpu peryJIHPoBaHHH iloAarlu Hacoca'
rpe6yeMoe noHHx(eHHe ypoBHfl BOAbI B CKPa)KlIHe S: Sr, Bg- S (l ) Ha pnc. 33, 6 r ocr poeHbl B npeAr lor lox( eHun, qr o €o( / ) -

r36 t37
 al paccToffHliii Apirr Or ApJ*ia 'i
paciioiiaraioTcfr Ha OAHHaKOBOlr,i
^, .0nnemre 3eM/1u
7t ) u(tl { )KecrKoro pex{HMa Qnnnrp auHH. flpn-
AeftcrByror B y,cJroBldflx
?8 I
/. MeHHTeJTbHO K gTOfi CXeMe MOX{HOtIOCTpOHTbHafJIflAHyIO Ma-
2lj Y. TeMarHqecKyro MoAeJIb, c floMoulblo Koropofi npoLIJIJIIocrpHpo-
I
2n Barb MeToAbI peuleHHf pa3rHtIHbIx 3aAaq rHApaBJIHqecKoro
t0 pacqera BoAo3a6opoa noA3eMHbrx BoA. OlHofi H3 TaKHx 3aAarr
12 flBJrflercfl Bbr6op MapoK HacocoB, o6e'cneqHBaIoIIIHX B cKBa-
8. )KHHe rpe6yenarul pex<HM pa6offir BoAo3a6opa. Kar vKasbl-
BaJrocb Bbrlrre, AJrfl STOro HeO6xoAHMO3Harb pacqeTHble Ae6I{-
I
TbI CKBA}I(I{HU BCflHIIHHY TPC6YCMbIX HAIOPOB T,JTfl NOAAqH
0 t s ' - f f i 2 ' - n 6 8 1 0 1 2 2 t t 6 8 / 0 1 2
BOAbr HA SAAAHHyIOOTMerKy.
Hacoc- BoAoBoA>
flo cxeue puc. 34 uanop, rpe6yeuufr AJIfi rioAaqn BoAbI B
Puc. 33. Pac.rer pe)r(HMoB pa6oru cncreMbl (cKBaxHHa -
KOJIHI{CCTBC Q" H3 Nrc6Ofi N-fI, CKBA)KHHbIHA 3AAAHHYIO OT.
:0, MeTKy, CO,CTaBJIfler
T. e. 6es ilpoflB/IeHurrnpoqeccoB KoJlbMaraxa cKBa-
>KHHbI.
H a p H c . 3 3 , a r p a + H K H Q ( / ) , S ( r s ,/ ) H S ( r s , / ) n o r a 3 b r - Hn: z I AoLn(S
or)' *
13? /
'Zo'(d"-io')'+
Baror cJryqafi, KorAa r{SMeHeHHe pex{HMa pa6orbl cKBax(LIHbI l:t
onpeAeJrfercfl oAHoBpeMeHHonposBJIeHHeMrlpoqeccoB KoJIb- -F Sr, * IrnArnQ2n, ( e4)
Mara)Ka H KoJre6aHrreM ypoBHs rpyHToBbrxBoA. Sror cflyqafi
IlAe lo - paqcro,flrHHe or rrreplBroitcKBaxr.rHbr [o peBaprByapa; Ao - y,AeJrb-
flBJrflercnHakr'oJree xapaKTepHbrM, TaK KaK qaqe Bcefo c HHM
Hoe cOfl'prOTnBJIeHHe tsOAOBO'AaH& sTorM yIIacTKe; At - yAeJIb.Hoe cOnpOTHrB-
npHXoAHTCfl CTaJrKHBarbCf, Ha IIpaKTI{Ke. Jrernue BqA'orBoAa Ha i-rtvI yqacrre; / - pacrcroflHl{e MexrAy cKBar}KHHatMH;
t? - rHo,MetpCI(Bax('HHbI, AJIfl rOr,opofi parocqrHTblrBaeTcs,Hain,orpHacoca; No -
o6utee qPIrcJIo cI{JBa'}I(lIrHB pfllAy; Irn - AaLiHa yllac'nKa nolAcoeAH'HeH'1,Ifl
3. fHAPABilHtIECiKHHPA,C[{ETCI4CTEMnOAArll'l BOAbI
clr{Ba}Kr.IHbI t< o6opu,o\My B,qAorB'o,Ay;Arn - yAeJIbHoe coinp;oTHBJIeH,LIeD'oAo-
OT CI(BAXI,IH aoAa Ha 9To'M yqacrKe; sr, - flo,HH)I(eHI'Ie yporBHff tsoAbI n n'i'l 'cK,Bax'HHe,
r(oropoe paccquTbrBaercfl no Ll3rBe'crHnw $orprMyJlaM n'orA3eMHo,rlrn,,urpanII'HKTI.
pacqera cLIcreM [oAaqn BoAbI
MeroAaKy ruApaBJrplqecKoro
paccMorpHMHa npHMepeBoAo3a6opa,npeAcraB-
or cKBax{r.rH
JI€rHHOrO B BHAC /IHHCI?HOIO PflAA CKBilI(I{H, IIOAAIOUIHX BOAY B
,r:'#[R,,+ +f ffi*,,.
E",r(t)l i-t
(e5)
oAr{H c6opHufi BoAoBoA (puc. 34). llpunrenr, qro cKBax{I{HbI
l-L
i+n
CKN Cx.n Cx.+ cK.S Cx.? Cx. I Kax H3BecrHo, Moryr 6urr pagJrHqHbre ycaoBvrfl,, Koropble
cJre AyerBblr r oJr Hr r b B r r poqecce 3r ( cnJr yar aunr { BoAo3a6op a, H,
B qacTHocTH,nn6o o6ecne. r HTb r r oAar r y BoAbI B 3aAaHHoM Ko-
ruqe cr Be Q " ( r ae Q , - r pe6yevr an HopM a BoAor or pe6, ueHnx) ,
nu6o or o6par b M ar {cHM aJI bHoBo3M o}KHoe KoJr r {qecr Bo BoAbI ,
N Cx.n CK.4 CK.J Cr,2. Cr.l
rroAAeplKrrBafr,B cKBa>KHHax ypoBeHb Ha orMerKax S:Ssoo.
Ecnu ilo ycJroBuro sa4aqr4 3aAaH cyMMapHbrrt pacxoA BoAo-
3a6o'pa Qr, ro Ae6HTbr cKBalKr{H flepBoHaqaJlbuo, KaK rrpaBr{-
JIo, I I pHHHM aI 0TO AI {HaKO BbI MI { paBHblr r , r uQ i=Q '/ f f 0. 8 er ont
cflyqae Harropbr, rpe6yevrrre LIrfl noAarrn BoAbr H3 xaxAofi

(94) Arrfnl :1, 2,3,..., y'y'0.

Pnc. 3rt. Cxeua ,ur,ruefinoropsAa cKBaxIrH nplr oAHoM c6opnorrr BoAoBoAe
Ecnn craBr4Tcfl sa1a.ua oro6parb MaKcHMaJrbHo BoBMolr{-
Hoe KoflHrlecrBo BoAbI, yAoBJIerBopHBycJIoBI{roSj:Sisor, To
Ae6uru cKBax{HHr.r'cyMMapHaflnoAarra no4osa6opa [epBoHa-
"raflrrHoHerrsBecrHbr.
B eroM cayqae Aeduru cKBax{HHonpeAe-

138 139
 0fl
Itl
'oJor aalfog '(26) '-lartcud gnunodaeodu
-ou qretron sBvcehuJBlIeJBI^rBJ€ 4HHaH SHneBgFI€BH)Iu&'rqwalcHc sorHar^rer€
-ttOf HI^[aJcHc gggamad a€IoHcoBH qJggoHgrcrt OsxOltt FIVos xacs nroged SoHJcar4[soclerrcud HJ.cesoduolruYoxgoau 'xos
IqYlaJCHcguuexfdOoc H HHv(Bsxc nJ'oged e]^iHxad -oHeJ,c"d xrqHcocuH dogYou HersJcalnr(co vav oJoJ arroou
H,hUYOU 'u 'J .rD osrcahurrolr s HHX(Ba)IJgH HVos fr.uYou orr{u
ar4HaIIaWeH sH sod6.lxeS xlqHHolfcsrradauxacs eHHsHrg 'Vos
-HBYEeJorusuheucego uvsoHercr{ xrqdo.r.oyudu 'lnrly suHusod
U Htros ldaHsodl{auH,BganoxaoHsndaduan scceeVoIIIgYH
sHnBI -uraccodV rcrHuhuros elqr/'ruYoxgoorr,r,orgreveduou urcoHlnonr
xgu,rraevou socEuB€ uxr,ogedc u guHalI{OrJOXlqsorc{d
'ed5gueofoa
-Brtirrox .l.ufoxcnodu ex;,cur,'{'vH susorcd eHvJ J,udJ.ue uy'tl{ruuguni gugorc.d eH gYoxcu 'HH>l(Bgyc xocg grtr
',t.r,oguds JoIBhoIrx' auHusoYddogo aoHr4[a*YouoYos.luedugYou dr{"r,HdoJreamns
-ni"rouoaJgdtrHJ [r a>I(yEJ sclolsHail€I4
IqHeI(B€ vlly kIrIU,UL dwouseVasndu ou '/f '"' 'g 'G 'I:t vdogadou aruJ,erdead g
ESOHCH gHHegOVddOgO O.lOHnaq,VOUOVOg
-uowad oJoycehurxerusodu g n a d s v H I O I B S H T S B H B J J 6e H J 'l*!:! udu
6
-id; ,arqsos scJolex(ddooc XH alcanr uH 14 sodJ,c sI'I JUYoxHs ,{lgm v Voxadau aur',trc t{oHeuJ,odug'tlV qcuuut oJ 'uue[/)rp HrcA
eoH'HeUeICOU s'v)or
olqJcoHlfou IqHLIX(Bgxcuuvg'HH)KB€)IC aHHAdBJC .BHor-1r
exsoHe'c,r
r.rdu,N ;:#-"#Tr'r"11X"0'"JJf##:[?
scrouYolvgvl udogu€oYosnunvt'vtllfucv€ eccollodu g'soYos 'lp-rdp-rrrlv ;^;/,
c rcrasrcHhrirg.l ,?-il!
;;;; olqsoHrrodrr edogeeoVosINaHu4s€Bd
-o*iOogt IIHHHIT -
H oHHoWadsoHVoaH auslcgeV s JBVoss IslHllx<Bsv] oHhIqgO u s 'L f rem x voxoclau oJ ,sJrnrrlu*otuFi
udu 6 firem y aerr,[rc rr,roHsaJ,od
' HI^tBLIHOX{dOOC dvxant ausorcd or€ urca 'fplidg susorcr{ suHourourirsexdauodg .n ,r.{rorn"
sI' IJasoHsB d
Bxs f. dJBH EoJr {, rf oyaduc ededeu'aus lc volf} }I Bv' H oJoHHBYBrY EJouBrE)r€u rclorudagns 3B H ry rqHr.rhureg'rD r,rHHahBHs
sorHal^rer€ r{oHHBYBsndu tdH or{Harrcuhrcre
scJ,uvosodu(69) arr{mdoQoU -g ,om
oJoHCrrBne Hosdeu e HHQrnelrc,levrJo eHodu' rqltor,cr.rc 'l*l:t
'gcJHHeII€H ovqlfoJ udu 6 d:em x or 'JoH urce 'g ,tlem- y Voxadeu o"r, scJ,ouHrourrs
En ^{,ltOgotr ou dr,arteduu HHtro Iqg UJox ensorcd or€ lrrrcg '9pqxuw17 suso[c,{ suHeurourirseydesody..p eolg
'lAIsHHehBH€ I^TICIHHBYB€^LoldsJ.CJ,AsJOOcHJC
IIE>I O-XUnVg 'uucagoHsed s sc
-o"ior- , t H"^ tS 'fO IqHHhI'IIres I IoJ€ udLI vlousu,rodu
-Bmy eerrrtrc e 'p *rcm y yoxedau
o, ,"rr."t#;tt ll1f"ii
-qJHVoxu .r.ay[g"u lt ijcuc so dolrg H x]IJ e Yuttvs'odHre3co dY uutt gusorc,t Br.rHoHffoursrs
uudaaodll .g ?Dm
u -o, or€ urrcg .:lTo<f0<*"tu0
'IqHu>t<Bsvc .
'ulIuIJr 'xBlugr sHHohBHg
nH ar{morr(sJ,cJ,asJ.ooc
H (U-D eyll"r.iudaiiedux
;;;;;C 4ovxex YttY!ryY-:ttqy ouHeh ou u SHHahpHexrquqrferlruJuor,r.r,curgoa) xBEtrD'uluD suueheHe ansnuuud.t
"ou orICIgsoc.ocuHedogVo.undu dusroucog
'["".""nf,t
-BH€ osereYeduo qrBrr,rhc(aococult JorfBJBlIs xrqHHaceHue orclih - p eVr ,y'{ .... ,g ,6 ,l:l)
;(tO) dwercuc.
s (oe),]lfigi:Td:T ]'" rfcHuBsxu e>rvsdou s udenoH oJ-r srY qococBs elorulv>r 814'z ?Dm
'/11 u i0 sHHahBHerledgrsa
-aHgBdrt IANSOHEJCYOUAJBJcIIrA8OO g PHOhAlfOll ell'dllUvu 6'Lti o rqHr.rxes>rJvvy'l
{ rr,rodanrou ?Dm
dVHr
' BcooBH g'uHarsu'Jodu'oc' euxcBrt'u're'P
- ut:0/v 'g'?r'l:1/ oYtr
:,{nr,r,udorre
f wemordVarr}oHJBrrJoc
- ug IHH,HOH'g1Bd,[ BH:I4lh}Illfe6
y{,-u g u,yjtltsseH s"r,edugvou HcocBHB (gocolgH
oHll(oru vnrcndalyudux xtquuuf
(zo) ,r! :"rtlv - ug -zo (g -ulyrut\) ; suxde qJ,uveocwge HJsrrBu .s or'rHvoxgoaH oJoJ€tsr[v .qJBs
-odueuJ,erroJsu
a>r(xuroueudgoocarefi sococeHxodenr-dogrqs
'a
I3r t:' ' I:/' HHIKBgyC OrfCHh llromqrog ndu 'HcocBH
-z -uv erqHHr{N(Bsy} arqH
-xdd.rou scroredugvou tp u l $ r r B H H ah B H sh r r q H r co sr H ou
'
- (, toK - IDK)'oK '- \', K)"'o
.\ r; Gt r=u a' oN .HH>KBsyc o/f
XaJs tsirY
:|t] Vug ;eonrrr edogueoyog.qreyo4 Beyc3hl4JBJ^I (t0) uuHeHguddou tH oruuareyeduox qruu.,{r-il{duoJor€
-ar'r{ (ru'n"d^ alfcou qmHr n uccfu; rrovolaru eJ,Hh/tUoU OH>KOW fh XrsH.r.saq
goJHeIIOIf€
^:,1";1n#
xaeg,
":#.I{u;
i' ",i.-.:I-,t-,1..o ;,l'".".?ff
HXI4JJI4Udrzuuu^ orl/l.,s'LLr\! qeusrrg
"""ffJt rt -eHaH oHqrraruloHro
4uneuaedf rq]^rarcuc;;;;";.;;;'".;;;
aso'co
uraYov't IJovcahl{rufiloJul^l -H>r<BSXC WIY UeUUVYee '1SUOC:rS JHOIC
;;m&"HJ,H'd'udogeeoVos 4-U sHHOHsBd.,t O.IOV
-to HVos urreVou lqwarcHc guuex<'(dooc ->KBX H,JcBh gOaudu g '(olu gn_uauaed.,t
xHXBr u tb xrirHJses
;;^;;;;"JOu'""N(Bsyc
*oHJcel^isocJehJBd -er.reH-01y
rcr,uxdavoc HHHoHsBddi,rrovxex a) uuxulxc drcurr
*"rA""in fdoot xlsudogeeoyos n"r,ogzd
.HICOHCIIfAIUSICISAYg OJCET\I
oHeed xIqHJcos€HOHorrclrh guuanaedrt owoJcHO rJor€ g
J.AAWU
.orHgedu NE>i 'otrh '4UAOrcud xgssuvBs JO 4U'uax''{dooc
lF
ri"grO s BHHoI{oIfNJo olqHx(oi{tos qu{Hano a}I(Nur resros€ou (so . o 4 r| . r . , g , G ,
'sovosovos xHHHHIf g edouuH udarou ) I :,,uotr"S :u[yJUV
'" '6-.*
J,arrced 4rcrHhodosoil
s H 'ltrt'coc'H' alqma's
n--i*Vu*"irO lu;,ec xgyhoJ xtqHJ.er'cud
:;;;;d,HdoueH ilqVos gHsod,( xuH s suHalxuHouH HH>IrBsv) :o1yOrsrCOu
qruraVeduo otquyoxgqaH -dar,rreed
4urrauuudrtHnarcuc garnordyarc sHrramad"eurorsr
1qrr.{gayagxcahglxp$ :oeluolrttr.arc
8?I fFt
eHEJC,HOV g eHHeva,ssorh 'oHvus \rrvgvr -El4 'edogueo[oa BBrciIIl€JH,Ord,tJ
'Ir9Br g -odud oHHasroerndc Ho 'Booody-Bsohugolf volery yulr, Harr
lrvaOai,,o I I I ErahcBd Icr.ur,qr.,teodicHetrasudu
'rr/rw 0l -assH vouew roJe r4aJecxrrHyosoduovogsJehced
ayHryBdug
0V't-07,1,os'rc€hHr
(os) { t u v
t1 . +, u 0 g a * " v " t l *
*(,0,8-ft,K)'',9r+ro|,,,r],
lu!:,ov
'v,neYee
BI{Hemed htJu,d
-oJrre emHs rr.rHoHar^r8H
BrqHHavAsHdII sog sHsBrco ,fzl sovox
-cBd xrirHhoseduou'sr4Hercr{hrqs vvy t\tttliltoo6 orrtico'Ei oHhoJ
-Brcov qruhfrou rasros€orr oJ€.BHHeHsBdd xrqgxar^rc tDt
'urrresell'r,
HrArurrr?N(devoc lsrlioJcg; gr.IHeHsvdfiu eH rroyx'x g
sr'adgeuedu urco 'BHorflodud cruqg iaxonr vnuvvt, ule.g
aJBm
BH kruHoHsedd-
_xrqHuetzv rqilrercuc euuemad oJ€ _l'su[ud
-ailo uBvrroovddr eorfogHBHelr.Ludo,lre r^roHHo>r{Orvedu g
,rdarou HrsvoxcBr,,f{qij" l,;',,!' T,T;i T
i $.i';i:ffiI #,H,H
/ D vf i D : i O
[,nm x V oxedeu. H
"n
'oc HH)KEsrcxacs r0
" ' .6sovoxcud o r " " e X u d " r oo"u r e u . r
uyaodur,xoddoy-nc.Lfyosodn , iom
'ecc,{e1 WOvOJaht
",u}rou
ouar,{rou cuclg JOx{,O,t{ aodo.lox,Oru(... ,t ,G ,I:u aVJ
' IJHHa)I{HIf dU XIqHqIfOru soYercoil olf cHh
9H (so)
gcrousr4huras.{ woJe udu oH 'tDV Hl'Ihuros aHH'oIfcI{hICIs JeBTn "'bv'D
(g *urvull)
e* ryv##:K.
'98 'clld
udogeeoYoe ?rttaxf, EBHTahJBiI
l:! I:/ \ ,I:1 l:! I
-47
4 r = > . r r z l
_-io
o o d o Z o
K
l-u s/sr+{b':;,r,olG:,!
o o D o
n " ^ o A
o o o
,urrrrrsr.rHamad
er rDVrsr/oxced
e'Hnose_d-;:X":ry&11:?.tf *^
o "n o o G ;:';o::H
o v o ,oxedau.
o o o d
o.r,(ur,ev'e sr^Homgf *''r""T"3rt:lf1?#:"T"iroio1,f,J{fri",irT
0/1y' ' " '' g' 6' r
o o
:u w v " t xo ' t ssoHB r zH ahB H g
B cJO I B T f C T {h r sg ? p.m 6
o
_\- o
o,\o o.o o s o J ' g e v H H h H r a s' a ' J ' r o r J H H a h B sHuec c ' r [ r c . r , a d d r n l ' d o. t6' f f i ' " "
- \ o o '
on ,-ro o o
'god
-^'{yanodugoHuourudalu garrordverfc
BcqJBsorqrouJos oH}r{ow
pHororqH wovoleru ganauaudd
rqruoJc'J, UAsenied
'soYorefir
HS'h=z xrqHHoHrredeJ,u
xzJddtr "du
orqmorrou c
BHOJOTqH lroyorew oH>KOilr drr,re,r,cuc
-ad
"!y 'rD rcHuhrzrasoHq'alucor*oLTHHOHsBdd r{,r.esru{m
etzl lt
e'rof'rt/i* -edga"rre xrsrH'gaHuraH
(rc) HuHeuaedd xulrJahu
tz0l 6t'8t//v9l
It0t 6e87G9e9ehZtAzZ vzt vlt vnl0t rsrwoJcacoraneHed x scJ,Hyogcedogue
-ovos rsr,oged uwuxed
uJ,er,cedenuyue ltoeedgo ^"nu1
009= -NaQ
rpea'Hamrqsou
pHorirH',arsu
duuu,;T"tf""ol;ot3^":ilrT""#;
-eed qJBhOIITBHOHHBsoHcogo
-* u Bo>raIfIIrAIOy
OJO'CO'
wtavdyuJ,
Hpm?ade€'d orounvo vBlI edogeeovos-dr;gtd--;;;LJO"ro"^rodu
ra'rose
 9fl inl
'Jdc/rw 'orcrJg'ggJr BnlruruJ,lloo
noJc r.rdu udogueo!
_
'gollrdano,Hrgred
rll^torcHc eHsJcHOtr S eItHAvOss Orh 'rrer scJesHJsqgo or€ ,(o/ogl="lr)
-o,s enuvog ost'olurcov ,BrfErc,'Wv'd oJorrlreHHr iqHHlKBsrc npl4[ Fr]rlorlcrHctr/u')| 'e .J ',r"fc/rlt "c,Iqr g,.g oJec,g ,r,errsuJ,'"oo, B,ugtss
,sl4aho
-otrAd'ogo'
eas EH ?xeddr,Btt Ht alrw 926-096 o.Y urrcodreoes,ux{Bsuc,xu,urgud>r urru[ oJoHWe.LtsouoYoq,xLI,Hrs IqHoIIBE €ag IrH]r(EE]rc,BIH,96V eggo,hllrr
-ou eurrl(ue nor€ a ollh 'Irp€BNo'rzdogeeoVo;EJp:h?rpd -as/t aan_go Jrtc/sl{i 'crleJ grg
BH]IcohHrrs,udrYLrJ BIIBI4
- rqrroJcu,a a,t'o,xe,udrudu o.lrr ronircgoguJ,c,f
gT,-
0 lZ-6IJg,n€,recooBH,BH ruor,ar,ced ltlrvier'uraudvH.l oHs;rJ,xa@Qeorer,rHJJeusrq€Byo gUgI4 ,(!^r
?[-HIV HxdBr,{lqcocEHqJHHarrBe
lertYerc r.ilrede}^roH
rc-g?, CxuHHxusyc -orcuc crus[edrcd eur.r{rc woJe s oxurrYg 'udogueoYol Hr4Hrin
.l,o-i'ubdo"r,c
s 'H'r,co,HJc'Bhg 'guHugoV.(clo9o ,odo,H,tlle.l,YolloYo,E o-ronid'o,uutto>I@rf,lts,
3q11 s (ualcer,ex olemodox 'lsu4acrug arsHiroH"nudr.sfraQuu ,axed
B BBWa;sBVoil
-o9 .{xsonru.rcd cJ.adtnltc.{Yad'u'uUogoYos eur,a,und,wosoltHox p,H{xrqulraxo(
-ouaad 'x'BHH}I(Bs>Ic
s BvoE oJh 'fva.a s' rc|teawu) lrr Qrg;-gf, Hl.r_usorio,ed,usr
u_zl urrBdar^l
s oIlHIoxgoeHr ?droQE€o,Yo$ urrrEYousHHohHrosd ,B,rYeurr -oE c HTH)I(TEEIIC' elro#ud- s qmlt,r eJ,LlJ"ceweudr ou,xow, gilgg nnre_Lauc1qH
-rtro n,oguuV g 'Jl{qiHqlnuHo'uhud, aelforguuH:gc,tre,Bl'srre,H H IqrudJ"ue olqHqreJ -qerJteg e,FrHrrr,orr{rrBd,.r,sru@uu udog,u-eoMoa exvernorl:u uHlfrs;dorod oU
-uodJc Jegsrhareg,f efl,Homad,o.r,e ox,BHUO 'HVos fttu"lcoVaur qJegoduc,Hotl 'dV r.r,sr.IrH,BsoYddogo
o.tou,wec.h1ouoyo,E BHerw,B€,,HrHlKpgxc
-l[ox J?Blfo,s€ou H,HN{Bsvo xlqgqrarunrouoV xedrqJeh-xado ausexf dloo3 xlqHrq!?rH,Hrlro4of auuaxddooo' 'gLI_gH
lqr^rerJ'trJros[o,HodJ.c.,{qgJcoHrJc,uh
',rqYosdnuYou s 'n 4ulyudaodew xlqnrrareed, i,il,d'liexoffyad; susg Ja)K,owrz,lcos,rnow,
olosc ErHmqHer^[rt '.lodo,goeu 1uvgd, olaugudx ox< rqH[.r,x{,usy,J'soH4acoug qtoulxaodu oY aa IvaHHeYasoVc udogu€ovos
xnu[{ounudlernQ,lrnr olro,vo ,sJWIrInsV'oxBHr 'r,{BHrux(BsyJorl qmr{rr rcrcbVur-g _lrrruY,ouEr4Hahuras,{rry
rr/rw 9916uxVsd'Vou gouaud qJlqg usxrcoY y,ux snaids or
-BH oJg 'oJoJ aI lodx 'tI ltheVou BHHohHrfeE^( dHodo.r,cs gcJorelner^rJoHqIroJ t^:96,9_:o ggl,.,to JesrsB&coo urrsvo,rr xH 'rJo,vsf,d.r,ee
-I{IIBH'€OII qmHlf '}t -Bd '(tg-Sa BroHrr,ouaH, c Loru.mg
s,oooctBH I.IXhO& enrrOgUd, f,ltoleou I-.,g.0 B,Hr og4n^,"00 aN) eYsd oJoHgeHI{r arlHot EH orqsna>xororlcud ,rqHu>(EsrJ
o.Ioc,g udiogueolloe v'rrfllr4lt BHl Vo,s xrss,oJ,Hdd.! qH€so,dd .Li,Jmrcsrou, gUgH H,cl,U'Hfo:- .rrcrr
ry,or9
'wg'vgl l"-rrYgl So,we.{go;dr emqrHehr.r"dc/rlt -
0,9rg,gl prn orh
JegrseJcoc udogeeovog Bheyorr Hfix(BsxJ 66 nHsrc4ev
"du ItIHoY
I9.I tr'v6'L7,I L9,T VV,TgI I8 -asud,rBdog'€oro* rpsrcqre{,r{odrc
ratredeno
98'I 7,V'qtl 66'I vt'6vr 08 ;iffir*
111Eor,ehc,dr'Lt
t0'6 vg'9tl
'061 T I ,G 6 9 ' 0 9I 66 rasrsB
'cocur,uyo
u o, ^oi#niX'S'/gH";#'
69'7, 69I lg'z 16'96l 8G 'uYederro ",0,, H9r#:": u.9rqgnffr
r'; ^'#f
gH eu,am,geM
J Hu}I(Bs,)xc s,-xlsHuavessaeHud,,o r{hgvou
Ig'g Zl9'7,91 6g'6 t98'Z9I L6 elru{emqHew^ oOdoeoxe,H, Bc{aiBvotrgeur,}ltorG "rJ"
gv'6 zlt'vLl 99'7, Z,V'6LI 97' r{nuVou ordltafged.r crumnsedu r-uxluYod,u
zg'g '?gI
9 9 9'806 6L: Z, 996'6gl 96 -3sx{hurasd Udog,ueotroe BrruYou'Es,Jc(
16'7, 88I u0 ' g 9It't16 v6
60'g tge'816 IZ,E 6'926 t7' -Ohi HH}I{EBYJ€H'BHVO OJr, 'JOBhU"'3*
0g'8 986'tgz vv'e 8V8'M 67, yH- . snHargod.LouoYos rswdou, So
w'g go'wz 9'g l'lgc t6 '1{1/r^ 'crt.r, g,gg'gg osrcohurov,
s Sufsrdoeads ,rqvo,sr.{rrpvou srg,srJom
99'8 889'6?U lL'g 6e'996 0z -dco JOIBIloBto'II ud'oouooVos Ps.L?g!"a.r.uod[;1 uv,:deho
i Hti>KEaDic, li,i{qc6fi
99't v6g'996 98'e 806'696 6I
tL'g 6L,196 L6'e t8t'996 8I
Lg'e 9'996 66'V 910'996 LI g6'g v69'ItE 9q'9
gg't B9t 8tg'l99 LI
66'e 6lg'ggu 888'196 zL'9 vzz'91t, B9I
8V'V 996'096 9l'9 vvg'9t6 9I 6l'9 890' 666 IT9 9t6'ggg
69'? 990'Oga GE,9 96'Le6 E9I 9I
7,8'g z16'b66 P9I
6L'V v06'996 gg'g 996'996 9I Ig'g 99L'986
utl
9g'L ,7,gz6g 9I
Lg'v 9ll'696 Ig'g 990'666 99'g v'196 u vl
vl'g t89' 196 96'g 80v'0v6 vl vL'9 966' gg6 9,L E g 6 ' gI t
gg'g 9'996 v'g B8I VI
v60'LgG 66'g 916'916 BTI
89'9 bqv'vLT, 99'g 66'8V4 8I l0'L 990'616 9!'L /'g0g
t9'9 ,0L'gg(, gL'g 960'996 u7'I g0'L 8I
toaa rye. ocz E t 3 t t aaa3 ^ae
966' 096
^- a . - -
e7'I
lo : ou :uo V L J Y)U OY6 6t _ E V L 86 L86 sIr b. h. zv ' l r fl e. g (v Jf 1
z0'g 661'90t, 6'g 998't g6 BII l0'L 80r'v66 ETT
6g'9 86I'ltg 96'g 9L'7,09 II 96'g 89/' g0g gv'L zs'%t
I 991'gtg 16'9 P OI II
vv'9?,t 88'9 890'/I g BOI
66'g 0'69g 89'9 9t g ' 6 9 g OI 6g'g 60'0'g lL'g 7,10'Lgt, OI
w's hfcvr 'D W . S hl cvr 'b
FIHIIXeSXJ 6N
xFrnHehorrrraudg HdTI
HVedeho Ill ErV xeH4etcug xrqnHehortfys H xrqHuenomxro udu BsrJqrernod.r,c naYedarro I I H I T T Y
Htrog S: cgsod,{ EHHixnHgu tf ) n u x u a x rH r , u o e f i' l I p n : u n g B J rcYos S Busodf BHHexHHouu '01 e n H r f g B I
O nilxrusxc HrHgeV
 9fl
l.yr 'sococBH
"oxoc lqs qc Brf HH sn uyfo
' -Od;,Xafe XlqHx(rtdJOU 'UJCOHJCBhs
'H aOCOCEFI lsrogud lqVorant
gBmOdOX yB)I yBJ 'IJOHaIIISOJOdOVeHeho qCOTBJIInCeH Olrr
'soJ xH du xrs udogeedoV OTqHhHI IOHOx€ HLyVH's OH)KB€IOH-HA9OJOXgzsOrc.'{ XI4XeJ I{dU
- hog v€ 'uo>I 0l ou osder uradu oJ€ ' Jorf oyqroycaH €B d - a xad axeV H a xa d s so vY o a u u
x r q H q r a v r o € H - ( o r o d o V < u a n o ) , w I B s _ ' u o v9 6 o u e c e r e v c t r g6ads Os Y O.l g. S B d I4r4HV Lut JU du oH q I f e JI ' I h B H t o H H e g o JO
-JO eVOe 'o,lOyCdtlwnVerg O nrerar'CedWtqdOrOvaH Ou uv.'t1 qH o so d {_ g u vco h u l ' t u su V
.0/o0g-06 emqrog orr qcarr.f'r(rou BxHHhoIcu uYoxcud vLIH,v t4 gcrosH el [€H aodogeeoY os d r qY os
-arox 'J 'qJI4JaINl ,osdeni ougud eH gU gI4 3IIH I I I I ud_u er so e u d o r o Jo H co H o yo s
0l6l oY IJHHOVoIIfgBgYUHHHeVou olh 'auil-ilc^inro.r, g
Or.IHpJr{ilHlrco 4Ouedr, oIqHHe)KeJvt HrI'I sOJ.'{r
ro^{VenJ'i;il .c) ln g'7,oV oudenrudut{oHvodcs srrHclqso
'( .W X
- I{IAI
yoHur oru ear c4odrc ., ( allJ ou v . J) XrqHHesIJeIco urcOuxdosou sodoh sl'Inedrevw$uw oJ€
llt 6'0 olf ovo ttr -pugr III v 1 .,{Vxenr tJlsunolfxawodu ds.tcemdc oil u gugpl
-SBJCOC,ByOJ] OJoHJcOHxdesOu vHHvg,LI:nBJ'odu suHesodurd-l 'lquaHesd'Iee
Hrraxc A-ougoVou soJ,HBudvs eH uuYo JolsHolruudu'euodag-
oV Vos xtqHwaeYou soJBuBs xlquuOahe.ludrucxe srdtro14 HoH
'oro>lcdrruvrYurg'O xEJor'ced s oJorssudu r ouqruc IqYOs oIqHICOHxdesou olf€as LIJnoII aVJ
-Vuueg g'Vmf, €I Iresudlcoducud a>KIIBII{O'ecur'luedy'J
srY Huso€qrouc,I4
runaxYgulrcoiftis Yrq'g'J 106l s etqsdeus
oyodum oH,qrosovgugl4 IlHr ror€
,df,3f, s sJresHerNr.rdu
.rlaVufnoril XrqHYogoscxumqlfog oHhI{IfBHOIIHVOX9OeH IAioJcHc
'oJo'L ernrody 'vos xlqHJcoHxdasou
xt{J€ grv seur,.,{rj avsd s 'elqHlteeYOu
WOgJOAhBy IltIHmOdOX OHqITaIHCOHIO C s YOs XIqH
'PVo,l EHeWeds Jo I{IJohlHcHset qVeder'o
96_.9 s amqrog IfEJc 'o _J -r?oHxdesouHHIrudreru$Hn gorcodu Hv'lsJcoHll(onieos
i,tcTrr^l
000t-0g61 oV osdeltudu sJresuhuIresl(Bx<BruPvVo ufsdeu s 14 IJusorcf iloYsd oHehHHBdJoxI{ afiHuso€qroucu
'JBe '.rtn- g'g Brsrsgrcoc krr4ludr,sru6uilsYulnorg 'goaed (I;rWrqgAmOYqHOhO gCJOIgIfsg IqI I3JCILCOHyBI 'YOs XIqHJOOH
OH
orfmco-dve'qlcoHxdasolr eeder' qcuIIvaLIr'ecodu oHHauorco -Xdesou
uI{nBdr,sru$un ICIgOcOilcoFIIcod[ eoifog JoIsHeI^lHdil
oHHYaIfcoUlHVos eIqHIcoHxdasOUoHInoIBsH>l<dOYBe'Hvtlv BsJ,cah
'eJedso illodxol XTqHIIO€VOU gHHOHTOlrCos UttY VOg XIqHJ]OHXdesOU
arqHrrfrlo€ (m g'g oV) ouvoclqses uruVr{dooc -nn ^t"semrrfrr( WtqHqrer,udusYadu C OvVAdeH,I'I HWsHHexfd
'IqHI,IroV4ovcolfll Uomqrogo
s Xaar'dd ruyer.odu riOdoJox oII J sottur II Lr I gugl4 rrolclls eINOdy
'xsVos xtqsorH,td -oocHrrnudeuaxHr.r
xadauoil 'eYoudau oJaHl^lut uttf oHHogoco
g gOCBilBg XIqHJCOXI^iO guHer'Ureglt fi YOs XHHIAIagVOU Y
- uLUu sII HomHsO lr vVY, 'XEY>I (oY XI CI Hqr I4gooH hoJBJ coY I4d trHH:IxOlfoU sfiIflso"t
14 rJoHCas illoHsoHco s BJudso OJod]IoW axrcenrt uu oIfHYoXc
-odu Vos xngorHl(dr xnxogi{Ir,leu oHHEJHII oeHud 'Yos xlqs (o.touqd)-[.o)vu Hr III
'JJ
IIIBJ lrusJcelfi{co
-nrtdr auHaHlfoucos ooHHa€IJccdvJH 906
'X us"rJ
g u g H l q w a r S H c: I I q J C O d U
-106I s rJllycdul^inYurg 'O 'BVoJ HIrel{eds Jo uJcol^{ucHsB
s OoHaII H r[c/*rnr 0g 09 osdewudu r'loVoxced c' Vos xlq
-o,r,s[d.r XHyOg/iIfJaH EH EXLIHnoJoII Y(BJuBv u.Iedso oJodvo
OXJcBrrdBH scrusotsrotlJu HHHo]KgBttcoYos
vVY 'J 106l o
'J 'gggll
g oillax] gouuaYesuduemlqsolr oJamsEJ
eler^retdv . {<Jg U }d J>> a w r u e d r
-ogeci 'eixa+go erjenru'ju EH voien iio)iEj' v'iildroi^ccBd 'v\ -OdU _
oU qll4vuYOsodu HI4>KBsvc uVsd OJOHI;{aHI{IrlqJahcud
-oi evoudeu oJot/uoJ oJaJs olIHohOJs BvoJJ oJoHJJoHxdas ' Wg € e H B o Ja r ' cu d
-oil otnfiudr,tvvtsuvt rotesudrer'rc.,tVeduVOs XtqHINeeVo[tlocuu gry
aHHEsoHcogo eoxcehuJ?IiieJBII aelnotfsJcJesrooc iIJOIIIH
-vE VuuuYeOt YvY erHoeudo,I oJoJ€ I4ICovWolitoHhoJurcofiaU H BHH,BsOdI'IJvOod[ uuYett BH
'ers oendor OnuVOxgOau, uunvtvf,IfuCx€ 'aodog
ndg oJoHJoHoVos aHHBJHU LI I qYos AHH B S I' IhB
rloJcuo xulIBJ IqJOgPd BIIH,)I(ed B€IlIfBHu ItrV ,tlruor,eou
-odu qrrrdhulfaaf lsgor,'Eyorc oJoHJCoHxdesou vH'Hvs.kT>KdeVu -Beoyog uwlqull(olfc aelfog c, EcqrusuvlruJc grJ,I'IVox
uItBIlexc
t roJ arr qruHef lHdu oHN(oI I inltev Veco HI llslHda$conr' r, ew eH H B J .udu oHhlqgosuHusoduJxeodu alu.rxudu g 'YosoYosgrsndogc
-HU r rrqHhoJurcoVeu c Voe xtqsorH,(d.I I{HnBJBdtfucv€ HdLI - Iqwexc qlem
't{H}KssvcVsd gIqHgoHI'Iu
HLrtroBH XI{IIOIBJO9Bd
-r3aJcoduIJoHYo edenrudu BH edogueoYoa urencud oJolIJohHIf
I qVoB aI qgO IHAdJ g HI{ NVdI qTflO HV AHHEhI, I II, SSAH V X OIC .iUdVU.rd>iUVolen +afd6d,r.corrrs rEqdarght HlqHHafeaud;1
.6
O JO HJCOI .I XdggO U O JO } IHAgJCiI If ,iI gI , IHVSHXdII VV S
6fl 871
lqHHrfJ - rsvodou
(t}rt _u12il utruf/ arsHaBIIHHodueHovos - 0I :xsliHex
- n'olu'wH?,lolr'ur:
"' -orro xlqlHqrBHsorrrs I JHoeI,IdoJ
I ItrrcHtoHovos-6 :g/(dJ xrqHxPu
",try- ut?n -edv € E doge€ovos S r s H c r B J u o E r . rcl
-oJ grqlrqrrovodu-g laxod s BVox
-ced r.I!-IslcJrtcro Hdu 'ax or -
/
:axad s rsvos rHsod{ orautsedc
oHqrralr{enrgudu olqrcoHqlrarnx(rovodusoceuB€*rr"t#J^ti Vol,Iclau s PdogB€ovos oJoHqrBJHoe
rohs E€ elu,togud Jall(ow dogueoYosetroxcudillovBl udu -rEdo.l ouogsroYofu HHnBrBdrucx€
udu Eog xrseoJ,nfd.r ruaaodd - 9
drl ir.r>rod ovoxcBd r^raHuadc Hdu Vos
xrssoJ,H^d: qHesodf UIqHHesJcaJca
(oor
) - g :Bxad -
t :ByEosBu snacls os
W;'16:"'b ayad s rsvos qHosodf -g :pr,rgou
- 6 i e c e d d a . L B B H H a T ^ r H o upIHf - /
'.Hvrrn-g leadeed
udu Js@ o.Ie Yoxc'ed 4r.runadauou - D
amtqsrxlgHHBtev^,i,
,r,avfg,X6HB,oIfc,rt nved
rcr{tlroV qlroYs 9fd.r, xlcHx(eHedtr
76 udogeeoVoq,o,toHtreJHoeudo'I auarV udtt' u,_q uJ,HoeI'Ido.I eH UFrHqrErHoeudo.r dogeeotrog
o.rbncOnotr^os l{Hned,r,sru$ oIHoHnI{Q$eOxvtauVedc'ud,L['dt1-, 'axad s ?xorf, r[sJ,eJ,^lJ.o trondeu
-cl-rl 'e 'J 'rqcorolt H V e d c o u , - u d o g e e o Y o ao J o H C I r B J H o s g uJ,HoeudoJ oJoHfogo[og u.leoxnra
'tsg'ddJ goHx(BH;adY 4atnufdurl|red wellHuso€.rroultl
--udb.r euuexorouoed u I utv'q u udogeeov c uxYoseu unedg cis rlrrgou €ll
olr(xgr B 'Hyod uucfd sH un[udl
-sruQ ndu ggg14 '99 'tud
"r.{exC
Hxad sroYs HHx{BsvJ eu dogueoYog
'exad s €xort BusrcrfcJ,o og Hcorou xgBdv BH ulllrlqrqrcoHlnow ordH.irewHHI{It illat^[Hdu
Vondau s eJ,HoeHdoJ oJorrf,oHoYos HJcoxne Halnolfdurf:ed HeHHusocqroufll 3 ?xYosBu EHsJc,Jdc'Jo
rfBhBHS 'vos XrqHrrosvouvr4iAvJ'vru voudau BH
ugads os tql^t4ou €H ox<xgl e'Hxed ulnfd sH nnhedJ.cru{ ndu SUSH ?I{exC'28'lgd
dJ, xHHxBHadY swr EdogueoYoa(nuuroV qroYs oJoHHa>KoIr
-oucud)oJouqrroVodurgg 'cr.rdoilroxcou Johcud,,tun'roulqg
'Ut,'cud,) Hr.{x(Bsvc'
uYud'aYusi
s euugfrrJgam
.qvgg udu u (gg 'cud) rqHodv4oHqrerHosudoroYHs s rr 8
oV gorJ oJo,HcoHoVogrI{'J,coH'I[owudu :IqHurotr glfo['g, qlvJev
,'oucBdoHsBdgooc,alfenvoe xrilHr^[osYoudogueoYou,xHr{s,orc^(t
xr.tyBJg 'B8,BysBy olq>(odagour.,{,w'oxcdowoHdah ou deyl'udu
-pH 'BxoJc oJoH,hed'HrNvnrvgorfolruritHxead:H Irriausuruuiwlqg
-oVy(oV c oH 'xuHruroY xuved HreHrI{rfVou xuyJodox oHerroJ
-HCOHJO g OJBIATHIfy I TOHIKBTg Og OIKHBJ OH '.r{lre XIqH9OYOU
il BHBJCXB8B) XEH',OBBd,XIqsHrmfCUe g OlIqrfO'J OH UCTOIBh
-adlcgi EH:gorcuteuyuI 'Hehorurc;oYoHr{rfu JadsrcJrtoJo xoJc
rrnrr-rr{ rrVrnrr aonVnrrr{rrr' Hnc tzrrrrrnr.roV.r cr r,\n\rr^r-\
9!gv/I qv!v(lugu, p
r z! r n V
! !vqr Alarrrf,gc!vu
r r , oq ^v-v\ nr /r ,r u
Dvc 9r
z&uv1tJtg
4fvrrrrgu
ufnu,Voxgoou qrHh^rou BJohJBd err Iqur.rroYqroYs crJBIn.
-er^reBdIqdogBsoVosioHeudgoocelfellr Ii,Hr€ cr HeBgc g 'oHqrB
-adeu- u aTrIBh v 'ouVornsoHr gUgI4 er^roJcucL.IoHJ,yBur4ro)r
[duHcuuue elqrHJcoxwoqJBsBY€ocYog xICrHr[aeYoII gHHeHrfou,
'cos oJoHHosJccdxc,r{i
oJoHglqdaduoHsrY ByoJc oJoH,hedrroYox
-cBd r^[rqHhoJBrcoYoH
14 Botfc' oJoHooHoYosorqrcoHlfioni gom
c xBHrH,Ifov
-qrogaH oHqtfoJHcoHJ,o xtqurnadxuyodllmau udu
HYOI,IdAUgtqHqrgY,ro B' H)Igd avoxcv4
woHhorvrcotrsuvr trolf3 OJoH3OHo[oBr HrSOHInow
H gugu'8
H O m q l f o s i rHHd u x v H H l t ' o xv H y o d H m : I g
I 9I 091
\
-r i., r ed TO HIaI r OJoHI I ndu Vos xt qHr ueeYO ug OJEt le€ XI SIHJoOxW A
' W Og ,.r.Ac/*r,t on rED
I ^[ eIdHBgO gqIf oUCH S
C VOg' XI qHI I A€VOil I I HHAHI IOI I CO UdU ooog== _ . ol . ooog:
rl-zt
u '(Voudeuqces us e'renced
-udgo wr{ygl 'l7r^ g'g on,deIII{u{c, voxcud
eu,) c/efi s BocrBUB€BI{HAHI1OIJ'
Er arne HvOr oIqH'v'og,oJoHIAI
,COg iruOland C U'J/ehl 6'9 O.leO'flH'ohflfoui qJlqg JAIKOI{ VOXCUd st s,Harso's,#tyil:ild5h0l)
.sor,u'exilLe #'JitgiS ,l#, ,,
#r[o"ortJ
Yos xiqHlrleeYou sooguBs XIqHHrBYtoc aeHB d el udogusoYos-4on*ulrrunrari ls.r.ogudqJJoHqrfoJuxroYodu'j"D uorc oJoHcoHOYos HJJOH
go;Volttty"Ac 'gIqH -fnoru r,rdu edogueoYos.Voxced sJ,LlraVaduorc.r,a,{.9ad1
XrqHqIfaII{HIrouoY €49 Vou'deli IJIqHVOsoIfBIltI$ IAtroJG-udU 'Jr uunedrsruQutlsr,codox3
xuvqrovc' '(zw I l^towlldu
-qrfarghpHe 'o 'r, 'c/rl,t 9'9 s rciasrayaduO XB)IJ3'Bh'd' 000009 IcI^tHouBHHaruoJBtcYalnoru
jr.,{c 0/ suqg oHy<IfoY tsHHEIHIl
-aH EH v os x IqHI loeYoil SHHO H;TO UOO JOSh] Bt Yoxc ud 4SUX OW gl i sJ,cJd-JJ,o uH ar,rada ou) a7 aon r af gad,l gl r , ' 0: , 2r ' . G ' 0 7 co a ' v i r d ci l t tt - o Y
'( "t 'l ' O ' g rB s ! , r , '[0g;oci
c / r0rl' :r) -' w ' t N 6 - u 1 7 i w g ' 6 - d c H i t t I : t I * ? lw g:ulug lw_8:H
- 8os v gHx cohl{r vBo 8/6I -926- I ) soaduBH ' nr ' cud ev{a xJ o U ' L d e r , t r d g
-odgegr uneodu' euur -cxueey oJ oHqI f Bd. r, uo[ H JC B6 goqh6l cosi 0009:-TZ nra r r ui edl $g
'nV"d,
s soryeqgo ru"ex.fbHcoyos vv1 4llaopcri xHHVodHdu 'H,xad €I{ ByoJHdu frer'c'ed dvt,oHhlqgo oui HJcoBioH
'4llUOfC,( XIqH
EUHBgO€qIIOIIJ'I,I OJOHsITBI IHOyBII cIISOHv(OIAIT€-Of -x(oru gocB II,B €E I{ H oH Ifouo ogrJohcE d ' gc. Je u g H r B t a H r E I I H o U vV
-VOdUdU SLIH,BsOtcIrOilCUqICOHx(OiltrtOB, WUd.tOltaoud UrBhBHCT -Joy 'xovoguu g 'HHHorfg,HJoduoc oe qJusrrJund .r,a[VeIrJ LIIritet
Vog xrq6r rosvo11 egHegrrouJogi eoHHoalccdvcl4 BH; IJHHe>I{^do H rcoH xdasou B ohl B c B H ' H ,xH aI f u I JO H H A I f H E 8V r L r h L r t t VuHd u
-; XHHdaHOII(HrHI4HHvI4ts.O BHHeIfg,BIC'Yad[OJOHJB BIIY
.XBOIT} COATJ
WOTnIS,UHIfOUDO'gH WEHXdES, gI BI.I,HOINISC,BHXO,JBIJOVEH _
-o.trohtpu'Hro'u'Jog,
:Y'u lgorc H go'ro o,Jogrxdtag, HJcoHTnohl cos'H v eH aYJ
rqYo,I{dgualqHflreYro s
Ha
Hy:td aYoxOVdWoHho.LVIcoVasu UoIfCoJol{COHoYos
g gugl,I 'V -- sl
(aor . (cosuros/Jr
* _
HICOXW:I HOHqI.f:IIHhVH€I'IdU )IEId XVI{HTOV ) "unH)
I
erdmdo$ ou qJHIreVeduooHH,alKHIrg
'BsBxqBy olqxed 'udu oHx{ow 'l uHHaHlfoucosuntadg'xBHsorJrt xuvu,t udU
qluo'dJc '.r,fc/nr g'0.
6'0 qruIltHIIHd,ursclafYuanoxed sosodv
-og9rr ,{.ytOxcdouloHdohou solvoqgo €H, o'IoHVo rrV 'H'H>I( -ou xrqHssedJ,vuY utttYted.r,uruQHu r{rcodovc tOa] sodorse xHJ
-oil BCJ,OB6aIIBH gggl4 c' BdogBeovos JHBHdBSIJox-BI
rrY HoVoJHdr Iqrfwdo6 umruur
-nnno-r" udogueioyoAE,r,-enc,ed
-,tdV u asug htrnlluVuewoved oU '.litc/n, G-l'g rclaewusudu
-egorIerr r{yrftdoJovoHrJ BJehcBd JHBudes IJICIHHotrasHdU goaedr c usodvou oJoHHashouvttY sBdoJox ''a uvt\tudreruQ
'IcVosoVog .HI4; U.T,COdOYC OU TCTOIBIrOY ON<yBIHI{HOH'IrOIICOBT IqJAhCBd
lEJ
eIqHheJoI cJBsodu.t>Ie
'aelrog H
900'0 uxYgdou IcHItroY euolr
'ooIfJ r^reHlr(HHr B hieHHarguYmtqHdsr'rIHUv>r, H rorerad'gauadu
'BI'IH
?6 ro*€ uaeudgoooe!?fi oHHegoco oyVades a>l<veJ 'HvuresaHrHtnedu,srnQuu uxodc vev xBJ
rnHIras,t oHHas.tcrosJooc c/ew vl em 'loteredgeuedu oHhlqgo IltroolfJrtuHxdes trou sHHarsBV oJoI{
bdeov oll( HIHIIBTJ amqlrog ev{o& Hved
'o 'de$'cor'rJuIIeHHoHoI,lTeH aBh/tlrcIIoJo g'uuhed"r,sru$ wor,saull
osdeltlrdu ,tlenced ou olouuartr{rou
tI nJ LtvHaHrouoosgv'lads HllcahHrHBdf[
-ucpQeox r^rnmqrgg o UHLr>r<Lru. vr ltunudr.Ilrndl worltaulruQ$e
u rqcBUBg gI Iede aoHueeBtdamlqs3e or -ox rliumqH,er{ J gorddY HtrIH grqHHashou IJoIrJrgHHrXdos - arfl
)mqHalI .r.avr(g uvad voxcud I4IrJa -rror rJoHHo,Irc'xf,sV udu r.uYoxcuodu vt\tvfl1qx'1.1rSu:H oHhIqgO
,f nol r f^r,/nl gcJ,oBI{nHrHCu
Lo6l wr'v/,r 6-I'0 olfoxo uu[edlsruS ;,gault
.IAJ
x -"7
t g ' o : ( g ' 7 , _ 8z)' o* z ' 9 ' g ;
I
-HS,S'eoxgou,ud,r,c ugod'vouioJoHHas,holr srY oHHav<Hvg,H'du' luU
'(A0l) ar,tndoQ ou elun'trou gorc, oJoH'Jconxdogour oJoI IBc HJcoHHegocog 'vodou H Iqghou
eeed 8'8 s "q<q o.r,r,',{Yas a sel^ln .oH
-xoilt Vos xlcgwaeYousoJeuueBnHorsouuricoe' Voudau4ltruu'tcduoY'ecVos Ercrgog}xrqHHoHlrud"r,sruo v sHH,eruorBt HYBIrroru'(euur'ur
-olfou BCToBAUTB€ ErrrJolrBVJoy
'(uuuorcr( ou) 't,,ic 91 omqlrog orh -ag oo rJomqrog *H HYog
s BorfJ' rqJocrsrs"1 HHHorfuoJBe
'r.,te ' : tlJo'OHqrfar,uxrovodu' "_du) vuolenf, J rcravas vos xrqH[Alatvourvu],j-
96 6L
-oHrlforrcos JohcBd 'gcJ,aug,vvve BII40u ertox 'axYogBu udu
(l -ze) ' ot - ? 7
f
-
'qlcoccl.rdou ueHauuxarfQs uu aV,J
+ + .os'z'o'2,
- s'ole'a)
{t^s'a-B) ( r o)r ' ("?rt
-"'2n u - H)-r
nlogud qJcoHqraruxcroVodu f {ro'a
891 . 691
-aH[r0dd JHeHnHS,S]e,oY - n itqlt]txusuc c,{tl'Vud - o.l izfr 'BtlHx{r9ato ueti
i*yulnoru 'nt X tqH radxH ox g ' H IA IB )IY B oo H I l l qH de$cow r , v xH o H H B JH I I g Jq JH J
-
-srayiro ,""*ouoioeO 4oOorox u I g1lg'g oroxo 4lsuetud -edXedU,JOX(OhtVOs XngOr,u'[,d"isHsod/i, HHHAN(H'Ho I iemgaHqrBV
,ll.r,cosx.ddxo cd,raned HrsuHevee,udlr uy l.r,dc/rr'r'uolfc oJoHcoHovos Hun
:w^'sorcoJo'H udu H soyypco xrcrHggryeQ,@e HHIrBdlsrusuu, JHaHIIH+$€
-;&A;d-i"n"n"$S'eo>i - q it"f,i7rn'rsngrry-u"T3,-1":9ntr
: Q -ox tscqrBmqHel^tr(,Lavr{gI{I{nBdee IsIHoe HJcoHtrnoII HtoH:qIIfBI IHJ
H :,tirtl>iiusxc
-coHoVos cIJoHIfl6W- 'beden s aVoxs uclu 4uuarsHloduo1 xlqHqral
-TTHI1OUOV 't{ 'OHH'iKBsXc
g sHeOd,{. eHHe114I4HOu
- S' atrJ -uo ox{HH BHgodd. xu fireHHe>I{HHouc VoB, xIsIH'IloeYou HHIIBJ
eeg I g^adg
-Bdrua>le H,du oH 'scqltruaru JoY[g nuhudee lqHoe qJcoHInOW
'ltal,{u hlIqHJIqIro xgHsorJd
vvHq.vvwuruo XBHgoIfcr{ xrsHeud g
( e o r ')[ + - # - ( # ) " ' ] + - , H t A - I l : s ' V os X H soJH l ( d. l u r co H xd e so u , c H H I I r
X TqH H B Vsi oH OdosOdu O" r,6
srtr dat{ -ude' u dnoe sodoh H .t,coH i agoco s H om ql f o p r H cJa B d , B U JHI q V o s;
.xHsoJHIdr 'Hl{,ItUdeU
( aI o x o r g , - x I q J I q d x u € )
- U d u e u , H H H x < u g x i I J o H q r a V J oI J o V > I { B > IitHOg HJC,O,H'X{BIfB: AHHehHrAs[ BI{ VOXCed soJ,aelfi
'IqCOrOU-ICBIrU BIIV I^IUJJ 'Iltrr amqHal[ ltunudeu
gOXJJBhrt XHHHaffaVIqS ItIfV a>xll^" V -edX OOkI V H H B B H hB C Odu H du sJ, oX 9' l - l
'qlgstqJ,Llrr/t Jal(YaIfJ 'gcragdeuc'H
-OWUcHgBg ou HICas OHxoI I BI{HaHEd't.coduoud xia lqCOroU HIAIEI IirHoe XgJJoHTnoII udur orh
-dOg H IIOHV HI I,Iqy[ABIlltnOdUeHr C' IgHI{IfOV AJHO€HdO'I WOHCOH tter,Ue Lr Hllnedee lqHOg H,JSOHX(EIfB, eHHOhH:Ifeg^UHrJAYH BYOS
' sc* aul nedxedu uol f ci oJoH cog o Y o s o Y o H H B S H h B J
-oyog, INoHcrB;s;rIre s edogueoVoaJehcgd' Hl{vcohHrsudVHJ xi ey yE J
'lqVos sHsodd oJovcahulIEH -odu ht g-g anugdIr,l R H H ' scl e?m quend B H H E su h u co d u I H e
vr4HvLVU ItHuJCrdcrOYoudau g 'UXed JO IIOI{HSOIC
-HV ItrOHHOX<OIfOurI,I WOVOXCPdO,ra A>KXEI B -unu${ eox tsutzg,r(r.lB oJe l r ueH H ahH r esdc i w 9 ' l - l Y o s xF I s
O la 'edO geeO VOU4aU Il
- CEd , UJ CO HJoBng 'H, I IO I {He>I (O If O uCBdi -o.rgd.d,rtrHHBJOTf eHLIgdr.I U,dU rCraUvOIIfgBH OHH,EBHhBC'OdU
ee
' (al rueu r xa++e
,yr{.dr3gON H HoI{aXc scJoIBraVaduO gugorJf' oHXCOhLIHXaI xt4 aoH sH c.I{aJH tr4 ) uxt r e co e H H H o co s- a HIIH t
'HVos HHsO d^ oJoxCOhHJEJ lIJO HH9'I I 1Je> 1avglB 'o{ qJC ucJrt,dog Jahc,B d u xH H eH' ' ( , r , er 67 B e) I t h l 0 6 6 Je r r su l co c
-oJcr{,do1 HSHSH.LXBrL, I4z4rludrsrrnSHI IBJHOHITSQQ6Ox'olqlcos' g,OXVBCO xnUdeScOI IJ,E ogJcOhHroy aOHIoIfOJOHI^tOHYAd,)
'eIHO'eHdoJ OJOHCqH'oVos 'Voudeu gHHJaIroJ
-Ha>rGJodu 14 IsIJorOu oJe IJoHHdI'Im
OrqrCoHlr1oW BcJoIHIfoVOduo sHgorcl{, AI4xCohI'IJoIfoOJodVI'IJ ,oHIAtrBe (Cielt g'y) VuUOxOIfJOoIqHCITBHaOITTB s Liyed' eU nrpllted
.NOUHAIfgHJ
-JquH$H'H ti (clEt\I 6'0) soxYuco xlqHdo$coilrrB nullud'r,lruS,nu
-OdUOC ItrHyCAhLITsBdVUJ IAIHXOCIqBc OHBgOdHIBI'{qIfOvBt JOBS €u sc' JeB JB rc, oB hd,rfc,rA roH, H SsY
' uodogueo vo s r H g a Y
HIqHHoh
-trg aodoloy 'urcfd BsJcgosc onHHoralrudr,sruQu HVos osJc -arrcago 'o 'J 'tros xIqHIloSrou IqcBIIrBeaICIHHOHIIETefTUCDI€
-AhBy OyqlfoxJel1 olqJCOHqIfeIH}ItlfoVodu BvYOs '4H'gorfc{ xIqHHasJJaJca Jo Bcu.oBhHIfJo
HHlKeg'IJet{V
'I -O r ' Jar uysd
- Brr a VHs s €Bd I J aEsI qg voJc I I denuduuu ur4hurud,rucvs xtsHsorc,,t g uxad Blrcdd 8I'I;IqVos H sovVeco xIqH
'Hyed .I JJA 'e vod s lqyos B V ox
* r* ";odu eH xr qdorot s -deS coruLv vr4+ vg,H hecodui Johc B e uJH ot ud o . l o Jo H co H o Y o s e H H l
-JBd OIqIcOs,uhH,oI t€H scJoIBraVeduO sl,tsorOd aH]IcohHJOIfodYuJ -BJr{U eOHHOHn'UdlqrH'oH'r{oJh '.totesIqJ,Hr'd wore udu 'IlBIffIl
.B€rrJahux oJamodox r{,Yog,qJehd,roui JO{.VAIrC'VOs XIqHIie€Vou' -do$ Nrqghrqgo ou woYorow IlrnvcehHrI)BHHYodVHJroltsrsJcelfl
'srealsgee oH)KdH aH 'oJoI at\lody '-prs -,{co aodog,ieoYos Johcsd'HrlBVoJarr I^tHXcehHmuHuVodYit
abdogueovos Evl olh
- orf Jd. xHNcahHHXar H x Hx caluJorr oaJodvHJ, 'x ptvcohlaJolro d' Y H J H IrH X JrOhI4rgB dY H J,' Ir{Iqg , O C ' H , VqTE v: V gH TO U I q A O H y<O We B h / t l r C
'YOs XIqSOI
r{OrAhd C, BlJeVes HXOd tkr I4yI\Ttud.ltrnSUHIOhcBd I\IOH H E V g B JH OS H dOJOJO H JO H O Y OH SH H E H I f O U C OJA g hCEd
olp68 olfoxo uraHYedC - ' g H H B S O Y O T JO H
-n[d; SIIHTEJHII vaHuvug oJoHdBI{W/tc
g gBdOI O v 'B yOJ] xrqHqrferHH'rfouov .r,el{ged.r,oHI{oHhoJ^ oHi
'c/ew g-7, edeweud
Bi rosI l,gBr Cot r adew, Udu hlollaBsHdleNCC'Ud: gVOxJgd)
^,^,,, ^.{ r qr sr r u r h , u u Kl.LaKItgK (godOOg€OVOa XEugOIfeA XIqHHBtr g I^IAHHOH
uw
UJV.ElIlg'Ll
rDr rr rrr r\ I yv ) d \ /
g enle 'dlrOlqUVHg-OrI 'OH>I{OUIeOS
g, O CeUBt XI iTHHO HII EJE. (y uCy gOXHOII OHdUr 4HH elKO I fIo X IqH -IIOUC'O8 XI'l J 8OJBUE€ XISIHJCOX:I,{O glI,HBgO€qlfOUCU eHHemIqgOU
- qveVsolrr B vL! , H,VLHtl' vJHzVVg HAqI BIO goH> KBs aelf ogHB H oodoJoyeH aemIJoH qIfB VoH ,' goxr cur t d xl qH q r a Y Jo xI sI H r B H d r i l o J
.LIH1,BrEdtfIIJXOHdu I.4I{HaHOIlelA rtro"r.arrd C H XtsHgOIfC[XtqHJedv -utg,alH, u H'Hx(EgrNC, BHgOdrt sHHaXi.IHrOUOJOIIHJCi{UOYBHgOTCI
-HO>g I , q J s d e s O d u O Y B Ho J € a C s ' l r u o t g d g , Ol l r t l l x g l ' O O I f O gv I _ v t0 6 eH uyoxcu
'HBgoeqroucu qJlqg Jo)I(ont oEU,Bt IJIqHJ,COxWa qCOg
' 0l o07:e ' r ' ghtr x, uxY r dou ' B t r o xce d o . t o H H a h e l I Jo
:0i HHo€ HrJoHilnow udu r BcqIB>KroVodu royrtg HI'{ ag, ' H JE Jcy 1
-ByyBcO ""ltnd'eu
HI I,IqHdaSCowre VOs XIqH'l^[aeVoU AHHEIHu HI'IT[adJ H]Ih vvy H rl + esodurfl ad w aH Jorf oJoH I Apr I du spw e / t g i q l r o l l i Ju ' t r B H t a r
- l.r nes uclu amhdlf elna www'HV\ 7ud. 1sIr H$eJ Hegn' HSr peoxN om -ou v 'cwx 9'6 JetsrguJcoc' 'xod HHIfoV xtsHHa)I(oIfJo xlqHqlfB
'so> Ilc'Bhd xl cl w
-; ilt Hy{ evodour HW Iqr xIqd J dawuduus .U S OIIfIfB g- I4I^IU Y OB HTIA trIgH I ^TA S B YB t EH
OIU, I I A E I A I H H B S ' q I C O X Ig,E
'H tr cO HJcB hg
-ae niHodu "O u omoc iox xt esqrBx nJ.dO f l;HHhHI 1BH'Hdu' -rrou ' ui aH H usodral r{red w H Hr r nV oJ c, oI H H ol {, sB d co u r t E d I B h l o h
.r t ^O* tnd, - Ou qJ I{ V'O XI HOdU J O VI 9 O J€ 'O HnAHO X' XsH gO' rC ^,{ atnqrfog H ahH rQs[ t,r.ng JoxoI ^[ voxcud H I cI F I ' Ja h ce u d u l vso d 1 4 r
99r t9r
-olh'IJIHHaVN{BdJee (w t'O) XHXoJIqsoH XlqHhadououovqlfo}IiceH
g[odJ.cit 'arcfid s douyou IjomqrogeH HIreyeoc w IJHHe>I{oIf 'urc,(d
-ro *to*orc,^d oirnn ototsxdas Hri{rxlqd I^lode€oYtrdg
otuHar,urasd oil eursudu
HoJJoHx(oWtos XIqHHoulredrsra$-
- o d e mo H e r s J J a l n f , o oH o H e x o r V b d u o r l q g ' J I / 6 I s I I f i J € c ' H t
- B s c g . a o s Y sH J h o u ' e ' r ' r , { c / r r c l q J 0/=09 ov u'tllgev H IllaJ
-Be B'HeHBodd.xnvcohul,tugHVaIzHe>I(HHc' eoHgIfI'Ic' HcgruVu-ltg
rcra.r{ged1 'uIlruYodou fin,Iqr{eehgnoduaHoVossoxog c r.r,d€fiH} r^r,rqwozrf
-BH oIfBJJ HXed xeYoxc,ed xIqHHeN{eIIudu IoIf 0t-08 eeder' -ur,cVou '1,{g,iliue}<orJoIIIqHqrBHsolInfB x Honodrtudu lu,oeltd,oJ 'ertrroeHd.o.I
'JIqJ Bdogueo'd oJoHc,o'Hovo,g BHHSJHITgUerCJ,rtCJ,O
oTl .Jric/FII 0 6 1 - 0 l I o Y I f B l c u d s o eo H H o u a l c o u -c,Bd 'Huv{BsN? rH, dogueov,os rJrqu4aH,urr 'danrudg
vOUdaU s, IqH,UlfOvSrOyA 4rSUHaX<OrOU
-tjs fOxted filOJ€Hdu lqcorunanue aH vnnvl-vruqrov aI4HsHrs uctl,aBsrcJuhce'Bd'g
'HhoJ 'd uu adogEsovos illoHHounudrsru$uu
g/ elqsdell ' 'KKsov
"iu ' d e v t u d u e s ' e H H a r s He o v a l
w o A d r6deg un qcoruYotttg'vu -cr{,xlcrHHesrceJca
'Hyea elfc^,tdIo Yos XIqBoJH^dJsHsod,t slqdJ,ooN(BVIHV hreuHeso€qroucunirqgqrrerlrflcxBhr
J uUgI4
-oxcuodu vdogv€oyofl tsrogud u r4kl\Tvdrsru$ alplqlf'{eed s; e >r sJJorB>I(uttgvtdusHsorc^{ orqHHBsodueutrvueodur^o#d
,ECJaBgLI u.HCd gHI I UJ. eI ^iqIfoyIIaJ , e€ O H 'O HJ OW BteHO JCBh I{ Hh' B J .90 IIH X B I ' sU H emOdO 14 t sH H e] K geH C O V OVst t Y Wa H H o H , r f o u co g ,
al'radeg'IJI'lHo)Kol/Io IJoHn'lJIf^Il d,Vxeru HVoHdau g alqFIHBgotqlfoucu 'Vofl xIqHINotyour rqc,BtrBt
-BrrqrfolloHHBHra Jar 0t-01 'I/{AJ
AIqHqIfEIHhBHE CIJEHTOUCOg UCJ,I,IVOXUdU OJh.
-t yxv x, r4vr 4 If ac{ d xlqit 6esiqWeudenTnr evJc,Bhd c' oI HHaHsB d} OJOHIHASJ}
-erco Jo BcJeBhHIfJo BHHaHlfoucog Volayt JoJe ou 'l.auuaxddooc
o11rey,,(g aH HJhorr a]r{BY ea HrfH eIrIqHoI^i ,raVdg BI'IIIBJBIIqITov
H IIH oJ ot{ eusl 'I meed xHHdaHax<HH XrqHqrfBHnauc, €og uJJanrs-lcarndcovos xHHWee
Hnt A ivcf ,d oJor ^r aeg,r qwr Bduvcal'uVoHdau 'xul 'edoqeeoYos oJoH ' v o u a u H o H r o u c o g' a m r q g x n n H e d r o w c c e d ' x s u g o r c d u d L I
o u o u o u d o g e e o V o s H H H o ) l < o u o r c u du d u
-HneBN,t uinvnf , edogrsa Jo vr r Juaolrci( xuvJahl'I rorodYur Jo
r .t Jcowr {O I4s ,vEs, { yt OHeed-ou r, sVoxc nOdu aodogu€O Yog' uu\tV t
'WO{
-u,i,rucue Udu ae qIsOHsHJHeJHH vI erCdd uu\tVtUl'tlrO)
g.ueHsodfi XUyC6hI,IINBH,HV aHHO]I{HH'xr krtfLI udOge€OYOE eVOxC'ud
ngg a*o"t^ rt U gHHoIf g, HJ OduoCXux Cahl{ Ir gedYH: OHHehH rA sf
'er cf d BHneJ BW qr ov r uVox cl4odu oHhI CI go I I oI€ HdLI 'uxad
'lroeudgo wtrvBJ 'Hr^rrqHr
roevou vvu yos xrqHJJOHXdesOU BH
orfc,fd eOden BYos sEHJcoHxdeg'ou' sc*er(dJ,srnS sHHeN(or -qodd sr.IHomrqsadu,
-Jo or4yuJ g 'rJr.rHex(orrJoxICIHctrBHsoIrrB il4 dYos aHlnoter'[r
w I BH'u'erc,{d HHHrv w I BH sfiHerfiorrJou
-ot l'rsdoguioYos
troxcud 'a 'J 'rqvos BvoJJ oJoHJcoHXdesourasarnorJor oJoH
eIqHHoHII edlt rr a$nu ags oJodag EH s cJ ,I' IV ox -qrevd unHaHerlren
-ud u Vos x HI I WeeVou sLr Hu, sotqr ouJn 0/ oggaelrog df f,f , g NuQed-rseodJcorrvvHesoduravow r4HHBsoH
- c o _B I { ' q J c o H h o JB E X O C T cqgC E r e n { r o u ' o ' r ' 0 / o g - t H r p m r q s
-eciu oH sHHoHorxJO' HlltrIe -rcHl,r
godogv€oYog HHBV Hrlru)r JohHJ)rE$" llrfiorow H
n ) a d V r c ^ d H H H V g I 4 I I I 4 V €l , I d l l
J H r e g a H a e d c L r u r s d a g o d u s u H e g o d H r a v o r ,r{l r e r s r . { e a 4
XIqHHOHTIVdIqTI,IOHHXIqgOJ:Idas trI{HVIHU aI{HeIIIhAIfA'9 .EoIfc oJoHJoHoYog HJcoHI[oW
'rNg_TollolloqrsHl'IduoYuserertrudoBUB€alnig'll:?'l* rJoHqrBheHosdail L'0 LI g'0 ig6'0 eruoeador oJoHJOHOvOs LrJJ
'ttoeudgo I II4)IBI 'IqliHhHIros tJoHHBt -oHmor^'r xexrogudc nciu eaourrvx{y" ':) 'g acio.ledralsuoclvu.l
Elrria:l<uilou aoHrrou
* I,0l JHsBi_ioJ
-iri,i iqrerrcud ouycenur.adoer weh 'oHY{oVBH oarog oJ€ -'HtrBJc}I iw l' l JoI EH XeJ,H,eUdUsXadr, s qJorBsod,uraYomoHHOHrfOUJrOf .,UU\t
-grsBrcoJ Lt yralfu htrqHrlquo tqHarsoHuJ,crt guHaIrsI'IJ,oduoc olqHqIfaJuI{Ifou -vtetttuJve. ore udui udogueovos BrlraxJ ersHudu ,oJor Smody
-oV u,r,6 .eHr.rx<esyc s u furl>l<usyc s eYoxs udu guHersuroduoc xFIHqIror
'OJOJ
'HdJ.ar{edeu ouxJahHJorroaJodtr'rar
ewOdy v oHXJahrirorodvu.rrcHoh
-UHrOUOY JO rsfOs gHsOdr{ oHHa>I{HHoII cJ,Car.r( OUX.I{H -r{rou gHHBXcrerHr,trqsuuv oU'e.lar,cud dltaxc or,(rnordverl
r r u r o g E d e e d( ' i O Z O t ) s e a d u B H ' O ' A ' v r o v o r e n iw , H x J a n u r s e d
-vur a>t<>ruJ B 'suHa>xugtrBJoJamflr,IsoHelc{es hrBHHoHsedd
/-08:s ou
novororu r rHlrJahHv{eHr4vodv}rr HJcas oH>I(oweyvosuu voudeu
nu,ttt,{rou }tygoHeJ,cvoualrJ'ou
s uxad tH eluoendo,I oJoHJoll,oyosHHHAHIfOlIJOg JOhCEd
'r1rtot : 009' r009I L9'0: {u
,A '.t^l 'ra.,tgrcl,tcto
ucrue,{e'troucog
?V.r'196;t,4oIr,trrudo(r eJ,Hoel4dio.IoJoHJo'Ho[,og eHrHBJuruB[ltro]t 'gI^Ied€ - ,t4,Lc,o,H,Vogo,d,u
I Lr,dc/rni
L9l 99r
'096'0-600'0 ,t.radag v av{lllrg HHIIBdlsrH$'uHqrcodo>lc xed hBVe€xHxBJ sHgemed vvY rqJahJEdeuycar'Hvs,vdyu,1 ',(cedda"r,
-;;o g 'onnVadacy amcIHaIIH soredag-,{.amqrog oHhlqgo HHO ufs,gawHouYuu ordsdau pH H qJBsutrou oHltorlr dVog 'orHHeh
ou H aoladag xIqHtBd .'( sclolsHew -oJ ou amlqg,Hxad eH ,tvos sredugBE H, r{Bg,/tdJHrrH rNvtr?HB)r
igg iud) edaeo HYEInoru
XHJ€ H'ICOH>KOnitOs elqu'UOUlt'edJ,qrHO'II L'0-6'0 ou iltoveJorrBcfYog, qJ,egevou 'Iquuirov xuHorvf xHnqrovodu
SHHA>I(OIfJo qJJSHIIOW
&esrgBJCoO daeO euV IJHHaxoIfJo xiqJcI{IfI4sorc XIqHhOJBJCOYHdU LI'IIIT . HyAd gI4 HIAIEcocBHf,YogI qJBgHhBxBH
.lrtC/"rt 'CrqJ lI y'toyox3ed c Voa xl'IHI,{aeyouoI'IFIaHIfoucotl 'eligrc,l[c',lo oJa g v uyVogeu
Voudeu g irJBgHrBt oH,xow HII
?0'0 lluledruraS -Hdelc H EI{Ho}I(HH'ouoH}iBJ 'voYoguu Bi oIgIAIeBgI,IrBt'ecuddal
;;5ilr"oOu- soyrcuhn €I{ woHYo BH .r,,,{c/m'g 'V I IJqH}9V oU
-HH I{rcodo}I} geHYado,udil 'uaouuga-6 goHHalitgou BH IqhudgJ,c' u gunox(HHotr qJBsogqrforrou oH)r(ow
.pIIHov oJoycd;soD UH,HohoJ oJoH,VedcXBvJcBrrdxAsV BH l/os' vos xrcrHhodr4,Lrnad.r,sru$nu
goHJcoHxdesousrv xguHe>r(o,rr
XICIHI[AeVOu OHHOHIfOuCos scJ,aBrgJCalnrltcoHxJ-ahI{Jxu$'AWAXC .JO XIgHrgIf?HgOITTE B. VOg XICIH'I^IOEYOU
HHHOHIfOUCOg UdU
.raoWoJJHc,gosoHdoy oJe ssrxiqdsgd
'uHV BsJclJosc
r,rolrgroII
6;il;"#djsrus roIBsH>KdeVVou'a*dorox'sgH€l.c'ud eIqH x:Id xvHtI,IfoY g nHdvJ,c I,t Sogqrgd s
xBHIJocJ,ugxIqHHosJJeJJag
-Vos .r,[.r,c,ud 6'0-90'0 JoI H I , I H : I X H H O UX I q H H A S I S I I I C gW g H , H v g o t q r o u c u c g u g H ' ' 9
"t'[c/w elI{BVu 'eHv
-umgsedu eH Hr.rh;dJqrusult HJcodoxceIcIHqIrBhBH
-OCIgEr AH oHhlqgo li,udu.tc usY BqJJgOscelqHHoullud'r,Sru4r
'sHsodd eI{Hax(I{HoueoHqrfoJu:HrfouoY
HrrgrrgJcalnztcoamqH,ed
.pruHuaqH>r{edouo radu rrBHgecJBgoHhI{JoIfBrIBBJJOIE}I( udogueoYosBYoxcudsuHaHudxocsrv urcd,d H,HhelewcrroxHdu
-HHou xHH s r.rHsod^Iruderc HuFlel{trouB€ IIoHHel{adsovJ,udv r,rho] 'd oHHrfoYB, oJh 'oseharulo orrqg emrqg 'xedogeeovos
'uIcOlIWe Xr4 BHHahHros^ uvY sJqJBalqsorBsgo r''tlon grYog xngoJ,H'fdr gau,aodr{,sHHa}KHHouwar,fu ax{}rBJ qJ.urr^(rou
UdU
eOSireO s EHHax{HHoLI'IqHBercBgeIsIHH'oHIIed'r.sruSnu vEX oHlr{ow uxad eH eodogueovos xnssouh,udlrrH$HH xHs
'IqH'Icestualngo -oJodeg UHHBII{U' eLIHehLI:IfeB,A'IqHBSOHC,OgOqJlqg HHXToV
rgrgrggpd asasred s, sHHexHHou u HtrrHdu.tJ soBh
-,trc xng,qreyJ,o yvv suHah&rryc,H,lsorc, oroHfr,esodu.lewqroyl
'88 'll'ld
nurnsodu Hadrcrah ou daeo lfnHaxrorrro xrqHHoY esrf,goaf, elqxsouhudr<IrHO -ve"le aarrogren ,{,Hngr{r; us scJ,er{yHerloxodqJ,HrxHd irBHHa>r(
ogl gltl Zhl Zt- e h !
-T-
0toe090hor04!!
lz't
ltn
)'oo
-rdau s Hvad arrc{d s ouHerxrqd eJ,Hvoseaodu ovBH oJor€ BrrV
{) (9 'xodc_ qJ,sHedxoc
urquqrarurv oHv<owoJa sJcoHsr.rrxaQSeo"J
w'naadap 'reuderert rJrarnorddnJBr rqrox qrrrev,( HrJa laosamov qHoho
u0 enHH}aJJDd
l\ht ' Ll oo ,t Ol 2t O 'ht n
Jr e, r
6J,
e u r r u d u o d a w a o H H B s B v A ' U r r B U d a . r e wo J a l l r o r B s p t r r r 4oertH F r
"-.r--T T-I-f---t 'avuung v oruJcrr.,teedg H rqvos BHHohalu,tcodoxJ o{r.rHa>r{HHJ
I
lh .,truamerogerna 'oa guFlohec oJosH)K ornganures{ y orreg ax
z -ed s edouvou euHeYeo] 'goHhor,u.r,covoH prrcrg sr{a}{aw s Hxad
0 xuYoxced xIqIfBIA[pldu IJHHe]r{orJoxFrgorc.{d xrqHHe€odulul,n
11t
-qroxBs HHHeIrxIqd ndu ureuda.lew oJal[oresHrHe€ u>lsrqwodu.
(,t z'l *-\
t'0 g'0\e{ vBX v'BJ 'EC[fE}I{HHC, Hl,{evO,I C VdOgUeOVOs VOxced gtqH
St -uandrou oxuHvg 'FI['os qJc.ohtHoJcegac
t 9,J,BIIH€HHC 'OJOJAW
\'0 th'I \ -ody 'girnxedrr rrgrc'udogeeovosivoxced, u wrqlrsHJuacp$e ew
0 l p,qF
t t (
n r " q J c f lq J O r B g B ) 1V0O gX H U I I 0 e V OuUt u r o r { t f o u c oour n r r 0 r r t r r c so/ tu
(.to a H J U u d u o d a wa o x B J ' u r a f i , u d . r , s r u S nquy e l u o r u q r n h H r a a . ,n( g
 8:11
'BJ
-JEd'H.U}I{BSyJ tl_€pl JHoJ,coi I4 40 oHCUeU -Bdrclfaabqy?rnor
,?.' r / Ellaotros ulth
eu{r.rH
-",riee 4o""nen>ri ^ 6or*_i:ilr"#: Bdrcrs@
sv"'noru"},t;;g;t*gu;i, -;;i
;',^f"T,}
*g"^;:fi"6 z'oi"-
-de.Lrueca o.ln 'ldc/lt g'0- I'0 lilYg'l-" -om€rerro
wo qo - 'q :a,{€otr's
s Edo,rp'
J n c'I -q'0 ' olclf,oHlno$l HI{BcouA} H "r"";^##;":":0"""yn":9j
dxdea3
]"orJa5uiio."aoi t3i*ttooHotroe (sor) , ,, l, :0,
-cHaI I.{ lteldog >t H, l'[ 0Z-€ i lsul'Irotr "
qrloHrflow
s eJHosrdoJ oJoHJoHoVos eurtwdo{ ou sJ,riravodlJoosxolr 0l glzHeauH,xedouorwadg
r.rJcoHtrosoduaHsodI ltor,uarall$$eox lt oHhoJ aH
-rootroa lto,luaunurp,$eou'.ldc/w 996-99= 3xo'L godIr, udog,ro orslcouuen,{re gou.laaasr.r J.I.I€Bsc a B .orr
-gar,rnu@QeoxJ I4l,BfiHaxolrJoIllcaoxllHhelfl -v(orc ole OH 'rlolfx IiIIqH,JrIuoea sJ,grevadno oHxoII
eeHhoJ
-udu rsoeudoJ grqHcoHovos IJIgHqlrP[aoj :BHemMaEs orcrorceH, (gg1) arrtj,{do{ oll xry eHfihr.rrag
-oe o:oxadeuol JehJ et gcJeu'r,IlIrI4loEaoH( 'u.lsi(d.ro'mluolutfu.r,ciYoll
ooxJJBJdp)V
'xgHHaxorJ,o xlclHqreHsolrrr fiurledrqrhoJr]ol.rhfiOo€o)r
- ? oyJ
-x", aod
'ori".tnodosuv s, ,e,teqroucu (sol) '3Alv'o:"rr
"
-oaao>rccelde;14 oueaoeedgo
-sBrrrrv,loe t'te-gdeorouu
BHcv(,tdoo] axad ' (t.,,^^.,-^----
J ?gtt[ -8oxBr
€ag ?Hr.rJorll 'tam'W'g)
.rarn.I^t.g) ardltdotp
ardr{doi ou ounexurglrdt cJ,uraviduo "o"nxor{ eJ,
_yogB,' rahJ Be r.^{orHesoqurdledwus,larr -H'{d'r orahueltumYor E? sl'Ir'gHtrou o.Iosdsr'uuex ,(locng
-oYos eoycduuol o".oar"i"*ro-di;;;;{d.
-oVog muvcoeJ,dBx J gLIgI4 Josrgisrcxo( (-> ^oy'rrs or Er.rHEUsEn
u,isom
'J'J ,{9)r?H€oo sorc ouosH?sodu,wNsrrorB€
-V L6:D xr.r,r.tdr u oyHo(?so)I lsJog _?_'^:tlt exuu ersddue
EWAAyE€I - ry
::,"fj._Idt EJOf,ISS :gt rgH!'oII oJoHdsrlil'u?)I urocrrs _ xr./ ?trJ
-geHcovosBrts wovoxs8d, nHmqrog c trc (tor) ,'4*rw4"t1:u4
-ieovos ovqrovcag q'rnodr,cdyllqH>t<oyl€ol gl{HexudHseIl ltur'drou 'tl doleu
xu
uggsr g-I.i'HcBuu€atvuHouneJedrucxe 4IqHIroU
-nneHe xsllHaxorro xnusuaed:'ouer'ct -zdrrrrgr.ueuhusgeox
,".1X":*i;1"J##?1r";#ffi"J ;fiH,
;l#:ii{^"1.,r
ry""."j::ilr:[
!"y::H
-vuJ IJOnCT{rog Pgrccrerfiodrct eJBrqItA€
;:1'"ffi0"ff6J"T
#;tX;:.;;##":U#t":"m
-39 oHqrLIo lI I-IXHarU go|Lcurli 9JJOHIIO,{ ,trq
.uwaroa uwIqHJi HVoB, BOITCSJOJ
-Iqg sBI{qrEhBHggHtrada 'eJr Br{aovos qve!fioru
scrorsHaorns rqy( s:,cd11'gzuex
ultnnnonrudrlruQuu ,Vogrxrqr .udgoor xuluotftrarc, gz BYoxc .qJBu.Ihotrouogxow-aodo..lox
_oa auqxadu aoEhdrJ aysd s B ,sltu,?sltuxBdouo
o:a gltods lueslsJ,rihco,ed Hyoa, uhatroIr Bl,tH
scsJ,eq,n]ruues.{ J[Jor,{, x'Hyarcou rqa,p',e{ -afiudxedu r'r (edaeo 'evddur)
uweovos suH-aHro[?H eIrJolI- -.
vo6 xrcrrrlla€trouI xgH..r,conxdasousugJ: (dogeeovoa-oxnetl{)
;;;";;;;; **cr.4eed s (ldv ,' -w r ,,F .rr^v ^^.^
utvd
x,rvcar,uuxa.rodvu't "oun-"
a",r"*raoo,i ,:#"J*'n'"J*";
ryf ;;:9:"3:h;9,"H, ffiX;1J",.#y:",;'J?fl
ruHeso€qrouct'rHor.rlrS+olox,..r,,{c/nr 169,9otr 6,9 .lo oudanr
Hr4Haxltdoo}
r.rdu
asfcuodrc^
xuxclrhr,rHxlrrodynr 'de€o
it"il,1'f"xffir"r:"",.8""r',""#offix?r1ifiih*rx,."f"Tda:;*"t
EHYaxxu.l z ,zled 4ruaxor.lo xrsaorcddsunerpwqroy ,r
,sn 3I-IHUSHIII{e€
aoHqrxJ BcJo{BVoIrgBH,ltoeedgo nuxe,; .edoall
fidu rr sJemadogxogt ,{hEVp€or^Hgoyoll
-i],ro *"moiOl"uug yl,er'deeg sO rcvos 4ouser xBxhoJ It xedoal,c xlsueed e J,{qw g'0 oy
0 ro BcJorsHerr(€}r
,dc
s6:ss1,, -
r0,'g .ff{ii:i.&i;:e:#T"Ye#?"f:i"il*1l,"#"fl?
wasrsBrrr
rzarqHHEtr
na'hduou
""T::i
ru,cur,gauvadca .a .l ,,tdcy'w/e0,0_100,0 u.r,cur.fiauieda a 9
l9l 99? -9I 09r
g .OIqJCOII
r^[oHHorfJddxo c voxced HiqH
-VH[yec 'gOCOriJ vye
Fr{ 6g
'cud u gl .rrgur
orr 4ornor/tclur.,tr,tf laBvBrfgo rHotr{doJ
'.laugtqsevouHo)tocrqs,
B B T T H H H d U' c / e w g ' 6 L I s o c d d c SlqHcofiol/osoJh or€ 'Vos xrqHrlrorvouroHHBBo)I
= -ad xrrHhorrodrar.,{.led 'oxcEd aog'doltoHgBdeorrog oHirreJu,hBH,t rraawE Iqrr HuHBJHtI
dHHnuras
BH JaBsrqeuri^[, Eriqcog udu 'lto€Bdgo r4rHXBJ .6,g uxo.r,c
pJ u iQnJUHHYdO I^[oHdoriousudeH sr[ lt
B W W . , { J ' x r q s u d yx r q H q r B d J o J H r r /gI VkIHVLUU sr[ J,enrgBJcoc (r,rnuHuY rnr,iqHrrrcarraHvbdc ou)
evus s qsoYs rcrHvv-xoJc gtqH BtroJ aHHohoJs fndwusunr v urudruucxuneuhamoHJo .oloet
-hrosvou 14 aHHBJHU .69 .JAd BH olfoxo '0 'T:'c/elrrg'6:g'Zrz,-(96 qc'vrundrou yo.r ee rr.,roYoxjJri
HaYosHdu socd.,tJ;d "xt.IHr,osod L\ w'ovoxudu dtrxont uniaHeed-xsunem,^,{uov
xH)IBr ndu .Ha>K
t9
@ O ) -ur.,{.redrahcYou uycohuq)ecl1.ed .OJhI{H vI.IHBS,HHHIfXISEIIqHOg HTEVEdU B8 )IOJC
#TIUII'CVOU V
ca cn -gtsJHOCs JAv.,tg soJddJod xrqH 'rodsJ,cJ,dcrouvcohr{Jvedu BHHoccBgr{Jc.Bhgoud'o.oyocrirs srr
0o
-hosodurd.rad osJcohHrox aam BCOHIqg dodsox v vo,tHdt BrrHlita€vou oJrr ,oJrnndg .BcoHICrg
-l -qrfogHBH ')rorc BH acr{Hox BH VoBr XIgHrhtroTVoil oyoll.,lI rHHzJIIU.oeHHHeVICIHaVoe
@ urqHr^resYou 'radu 'BcoHrcrs
F - A o\ OIBI,1IY BCJO.,{SIIrOICH OIqIJOHIfOU socd,H,oy
6I.'vg'ul g _sHoJoHvo sry uxl,vvvg xv
Ctl {
a ^ xiqdoJoy osrcohHrox ,socddcad EJehcBdrzvuvolelt dewudurlrevosudu vos xHHweevou,socBrrB€
xrqHhogodar.,(red xrqHHeIfuoxBH xtqHHaruovBHHuHBqotSlroilcHLrar,couxowtoslryueho vtv
I.9 A H H A } I < H H J O O H H A U E J C O UJ H Y O X J H
'du u'rralugadlou
t^) ro scJ,HvoxBH no nrodiroy
a
T , e
A - o d u w e J e t ' y d g y t x o o V B n s c a h r B H ' o u H t s o J c c . u d ' q l c o w , u v o g o d u o v o g , x g J c xu thq u r r u r g u do, J o
t\? Co
@ A x i r edrqJ.eh scJaB>l<royodu Vozdau g rqvos 4auaodd euug{rr xex 'xsra.le€Byou xayBJ Br{ aHHBrr
x *
tir) J o J € l s o c d d c e d x r q H h o s o d u r d r -r4HsscJ,afdHcxuo ex.lcur,f adogHa ndu .soJEuB€xHHHOHrreJ,
t€
j'r so < = - a d s u H a r u o x B HV o u d a u B c J a B H -udruove xnr,{uvoxgooHerauar.r{rouscl#rar
4enevBS goHgrurf.r
-HhBH 6 H O I H 'IArOlroJJ BCOHreEXecduox s Vos
E 8 3 h r l q H r o € xHHr^reevou r4Hn'eJ,Br{rucy€
ll,ir 'HvO,s
E l = rqceuBg ATqHJCOyWO
-Vou H WaIIHBJHIJ .,{VN<aw BIIHH Ounrqrog scluddurdlrdyxu "ou ex
o) (o = ( D
-rud scJnYosradu g u .dJ g ri.wo,tx xtqdoJ,ovg 'ecbutqg xecduox g,iqJ,Hoeudor, olqHcoHoyog,
( o oA ' g l ' rtf g B r
3 x s r { e Y HHSUJXOUCdaU BrtrqcasVos xtqHweevou I{Hh,BrEdIfUCX€ Vrfy
H A H Ct) -esHdIr €rocBuB€xreHrrogOdrard.l
b . 9 ( o
F
cJ) CJI
-ed JohcYou gHXcehHJHTBHV wlrnHstrrouSosf, xvvoxcvd xrqHHor{Irvrv^rfuSy€
N O =-f)
o o 'wrqsHdy
N
vut hrrqHqrfBdra.luuoII lryc X IqH TV d H dU X N A H H V gi o€qI f O U f , H I {
O Cr) -ehHoBdJ H HycahT4JHrreHe qJtsr xtrHgorc^ xrqHHirgJ.c'grcg g vcoHlqg irc^Hox g
o) r.c o
cll
-HhcYoil oHy<ow (aocuuee xrsrH
('lJ
Y OB X IqH W IIS Y OU B OC V U i V SX I qH I S O N WE I A h C V d ' 8
(D
v v
{ 3
-hosodHrr,,(.rad oJa) BJHorrzdoJ
w v tl
oJoHcoHoYos r4JcoHgocorrJ rJOII
A C n X -ot.(durdwdy>re dHrlr,Hreg .(ex 'Htrog
enHnaeyou)s, Inurusedxovos u solf
F A 'BHBv eu
tr Cr)
-oJJ vrrY) qJBsHhr4ras^,t u (ruu 4eurred,r,sruQHr.r B8 r^[,EHHAyOrrcgvr,, our BJIquo ruo,r,end
CO -BJHU rJrtr) qJBmqHOr^[^ } e)r{xBJ B 'eilr4J. rrv yBy xHBrrd,rc,
O O ) oHqreH 1 xurnudgJcJ,osJ,ooc, B H,XO
-oulrdouodu OIJIJaCITllacrTrr,'\1
wvqavvv
'ahHJHITBHB HJJOIBIfaY IrIHIfHHedxoVog
a €IoilBHBx EH, tsLitraJ.riil
t€
@ JOh} B€ gLIgI4 'VOE
woY,,{g BXoJc vr HHHvLu\ IqHlIh IqIOhC.Bd OISHHOHIIBJ XHgOJ,H/Td.I IqCBUBS
H
H -Hras -B^rfucve
0IqHhtsc0r^rox(O
weHHeHOi^r aHmqrog rqsandrou Jcerr evsd s vveHuy o.roxcrudx
bc
-EU r rLrJ€ C HHSJCJASJOOJg 'ude) eHogudg 'o.roHrruu€v ganvad3 s, eodawudu
'c/ew 'Iqv'og
xuxul
J " 9 engru,aeVou otqHelroc qrgHcarlslgi
o) o) [96:Zl G,'26+
ld.romendolov 'vos
+ I '96) JeY. , (g BHH hHr es x H B E H xnsoJ,Hdd.r Hyorou scru/tdnmdo$, *n" ,ro
c,
v{ 9 -Vadc ieyo,r,c oJoHrre€yolt oHHh Htros uunudlqrrn0 14sorBHBX osrJsod.lcd. udu .J"giv ouo"o
{ c o -uros HddJ,udeu wer urrvr4He
rJoHsBd tsHHVLr4rr,lsunutt gorrox c Bs JJo hBx: oJOrrr
oilox "s"iJ5urrdrou
-as oi.,{govoJ I^tawqtog EJHO€Hd Brog'vog xlqn'I^logvou al{HaHlfoucos ooH,HOgJccr{>tcr,tlueveoa,
t\9 t9 -oJ OJOHCOHOVOS
Sg Ctl UTCOXWaUelnor
u[rurr.IHudxovossH uvcduou eHH.rravJ.oo>KXEJ ,uonH.Lorlr
e
c.) -fdurd.redsnHorotreduo [ou uu\tud"r,.ruu6'hr009-00 I Hr^rBHr]xesyc,tvu<olrr- aHHEoJc
"iy
 e9r ?,gl
X Iqt{hOJeJJoV eHeer' drC g' t{i ,t, gH sor r , , ( t i N l q }I F I A S I JO I Ja3 0 I I 4 H
(f,uu.r,
rr.r x HrrHxIHrrj j llru,: #il"*'#f L,T#ff3il',oTJoof, ,eH gedc ou ouH aH rouJog xpr vr H Jr aB gi {hl {t f os. { V o s xl q H h i a € V o u
'qtHtetr{Jo o)K}lBJ ledY
enHssedJ, eeder' Henrredrvrucpriuc gugH rqr^reJcn] .vllvs HHITBJB{rIICx€ 4oiruarucr{ udu or,h
'odudorx ewodv'exso.r,olyouovos sendr]Vorrcou ' B xOIC ol OU ,r,cOH xdesOU J ehC B t I \ I aH H O H I / o I JJOXBH n V O N d
H sBHqrrelud ,aIIJ
-EgVAdU I'CJ. HVO gOdU Ag- 'gugll SOUHJI II H I t sr Y EVO g X H I^IU -au-eurrtdV s B cJeusnnauc.rgo V oa xl qH' naeY o [ d o g r o I JI q H d e I I
-r4ruaogadrc o{HHeHsedc*dir-e?os ' eU rrdrc l teuV aroou s oH H agO Jo edayu p t d ur u O u sB Y g
,kr#iex ou tsBxorfuoa'og -ouaud
gcJ,edeqrorrcH - OrqJcoHxdasou l.{oHUsBdr c xBrroJcHJs - xHJ
. t sJTO I gEH T S B H B JC JO gI {E J
-[dy s e 'Hvsororvouovos - B g V ' g C t o l s g n r e g e d C l I x C O h H Y O H d e uI q C B I I B oa H v B J O J h ' O J
4arnuFvarrJou H go"ouni"desvedu
EI^IAICHS BBH>I(OIfC YE}I IqWEJJHC XI{ g gJqJBhOIrXg -OJ gl ,1B V OX cILt.OtsraV aduo Ont r l qgo uO JB U B t X l q H h o so d u r r ( r a d
JE}KOIAI gOH
-goccBgxHHssedJ,BrroJcHJXsuh,(rc,xHHvO .geuhud.r,srr$
g ,{ H ur' l l res W eH H eH IfOU cOS X l a c V O g X l qH l r ua t [ o u u u l t e r u A l f u ] X c
-HH 4roHrcoHxdasouc gugp{ souur ' (' du Lr rH nE du ucnudr
' 3H H 3 {sr t cH ) a o d o r >r ' u S
-aYHs III u I eined **","n,r xsrdsorc^,{,g
Jo oHqrrotrJo EcJor's'dJenrccud a?urnoru atqsord*u nn xrquqreJl {H l fouoY fi oJahf, c om hf r vr aead e u d w e H Ja I f o Jo H I ^[
-gaccBg aHHssedJ, eadar' gorrnBd.Lrru{u,H g qruY os€H odrl ra,,(x" arc l enced eV r or oH ' ( e d o g r o ) e xo . r , c H
c, gug1,1 rsvo.r,eyl
V LIH vJr4uH H hH res eY o,t sH H ah eJ s I JogO c', ( V >va r ua sJJH a g u d a U
IqI{HiICSVg :IIgFItrgVdI H HVVINOTI gHgOJAIf :U dU U rrJB rel /c OH x{ oW soJB UB g X l cl H hosodu r r t r e d r e r r o Y O g
'HXHrOg Blllqceg JoIBgiq.J oJ:)'?h BlIolJ oJoHI^[ag
tlldlr h Hsr4nvarqru ot{ H 3 g u g H ' I X u s B r J -VouuuHusodurdradou
xlqHcoHovos
soJHo€,,Jor ' ( B c J a E H a r r € He H O I { H E J H Ue o H
-HesJJeJCa) C/ew 0f 'a 't'4! H qa LeHHYdo en
.gLI gH HJCOH}I{OI IEOg OIqHHEgJC -lq[c uHsed qJcoxwa relnqddsrf,Jad suHeafort
AUHJ I I I ) I LIJCEHJO O H>I { OW VO g XH HW A E Y ,OU-arce 'leBgtq€Bxou uHherefrucxe lroudanouaed uclg
'c/ew g'61,1
guHBgoeqlfouc' gocouJ emrqg ..r,oremndr^,t oJh
IJICTHHB€BXn JourseJJoJ BBdoJox 'pJ rr qD rEHHYdo Br,{
-udJ,qru0nu goH,r,boHxdagou aa T.IHII J e h c E d ' e H I ' H I f I I
009^ -rq,(c xex BcrHreYeduo xEHsorJd xrqHHesrceJJe
rJercoHlr(onre6s xrqHHounud.r,synQ s irJcoywe selno{d.dxr,{le6'a HH Bh e n u d I
JtssBJJoc ^{damudu dnt 'alew
7,6 r.{roYoxJBclJ HHn
-aIudVHVadu oHhHJoIr -eredrncve goudawouued regHdv - p itlttn 61
I4roHhsrar^raHvadc
s rcHaxedrqs u, Jio'nll,nf ;i9il?'J^f?S?X1r"5[)""'"""%tt"'"1.i:T:l^".. -BHB tqVoxcud oICIHhog t{ovoxJEd o Hr{heJ,el(IruJve goudanoueed ges
-udx - [' :evoJJ oJogHasrJe,lce olosdanoHsed
'edo.r,su
HJ,AhCgd H EXHVOIEW 'BTYHI^IrI 'V .W IS.'O9UTI TH ' e.l H oeud veswdv - 6 :EyoJc oJoHr^re€You reendx - ;
ISIItrES EIqHHBtr aHgvoxcH -odnr^,tred v
I
-OJ OJOH C OH OV OS SHHBJ -ndx rurqHqredJernu fr,fXout oJoHf,oHoYos Hrt
9 9 ' 6 /I 9 9 ' 6 2I .o)rne galnoildurf.led eusoraVedug '68 'Jnd
L'lg7, v'rg6 YoJ Ps .UU HJCOH}I{OW€OS AIqH
oJoJI.I -HASICAICO BtsHAIAI€I,I A}I tchalaH
6 9 '6 l I E,I,LT Gg'tg ax{Pv'qrHn/trou oHv{oru
g0'96 69'L IIX
,6gI
6 L''91 gg'09 xH oJ 'c/ew ZZ Voxced
08 'zG 8'9 IX
nt'r: tf L9,L qJ,sH udu
9 9 ' 6 /I X S rqH dar^roH otl
9g'17, I6.9I LL,OV '8111 sud :
L,VgT XI LIIfcE 000 089 801
9l't9 7,9'lI L9,PL IIIN '0 'r
99'16 tr6'L9 96'Il 6l'69
-08'00' 98'0t 0g
I9'gg . IIN 'tq u qa J,eHuVdo enw.{c
0'0
re'g! il'tI 9L'gv IA
lz'g I ,L I 6 R. R HHgud .r,dY.(q vr4HeJHrJ. hrt
16u LE QC nrraa
A UGT
vv
o R ' oo ( ,7
U : U /\l 4I4UUU'JA IsllHdtldl IUYl b.Jg
99'96 t6'It, 9g'gg 6I'V
69'69 III tqcnunt eufnorr{durrt,lad
Afi'97, 9L,Eg E9'f II 091
9/'gg ,g't6 /0'09
'rtxolc dv'roglruaeYour{r't
t6'9 I -OHqIfBI iHHLIW X OY8HIfg
002
, or,r''c/rr,t61 oHdewoHsud
g.ro u.tHoeudoJ oJ
s,r,udit
J/gn c r/.rt c/cw 0hz
'IgJBugs 'BrHoeHdo.r 7/cw -oHcoHoVos8H l{Ircg
I 4 ',t Hossdo.I
t XotrC
erqghog oroHcoHoVos grsucouoYoa e r, c/ cru rqh6JeW
'el^tr
-odurdta4 GH )torc anuarud,lcoll $rsH$resyou r'aHHEIHU 006 869 99f :
- 0t'00t98'9'6/l 082,
qrcovwe otrtHrrogodur^{.r 000
tqJtsu?€orcHr,osodHr,t.red
H xorc .il B n H ITg B J ?*O
.od rrnh.{,rrou
c/ew9'6/l
 , '91
-tssedJ.eH fi (r3ur.r{rc -oHBVdag'W 'g IqHBcHuo
ooC) I) Erogudae u .(Ot '?1rd)<'Id.'{9ue€H€I>
iqHBoccBg arqHHoHIr '(duxxuan '.1) <<rddgua€Hg>> gUgI4
.D gugl4 nr,tarcllc sI IoxJ
-ed.LqruQuu ercrHBhcau HJCoHInOW IJOmqIfog
s deytpt,dues'gOrJ' oJOHCoHoVos
AWAICuC,
BH AhBvOil UdU - XBBh
(D -,,(rcxtrogo s rqyqrdw 'd
=
-1 €H BVos sBHVoXctrJ
A!

'soHgac
-)ug xrqHHoHIred"r,srus
.HH XIqHBgBdI 14 XIqH
-BhcalI otfcou ISoI^teBh,,{If
__l
I AOHO) O(.o 3 -oll 'tqvog BgJcehBX aHH
v r v t v v w
-eHarrsu eoHqroJHHsBdc
CJI
oHavesHdu Vl 'vgul
-l g'u[ue"ldu]^i sHHorBVf
o\
ctl H t\9 H BuHBsrrEorfelr{€ago
| :lo-cn N9o u tst
(O (O o yrrY rsdr,sru$ aiqHuhJelr -qraV/t 'W 'g nIqHHEYoU
O
('r
t\g (.)a) dVJ rIIY ' ('l OZO1)esoH'eVdag
OIqdOxJ LT oIHNBd€B BH 'gcsuuH
Cr '4oH
o Hd sHHamrsrsoutsvV wa -OWruJoy{ow OI,tHON{OIrOII
eOxEI HxHHXoJIIauIHsSed f,
o\ Eo -LIHBSOYJCOgeH I4lIqFIqIrAJ
C.D H tg
O)O-b.O HC^) nEE
-HdusYedu c :trxJcuho
I o
t .
CtlO@@ HH
O) HalnoldYerrcou dwercuc
E!H g
a l
HJJOEVOU HI\IEJOJBH
-odr,>rare HrrrqlrlK^/td.lou
x5
eVdyJ,o 'I^r V rJoHr.rgdrrJ
or6
'naVorfox
t9 (o BrcrHdogc s u Y r d e J C r O H p , O C ot suoCJ o d t q r O u C H ' O J OO J I/\iOdyUIIBHgeCCEg
I Jl,ooin se ( 3D
C.'I A o) o) scJaudugoc BYos hroJBt
v 6 utlrrqHuhcau ] oIHHeHsBdc ou HVos olqrcolIHoJiopeJHoHHoI{hBJ
')r(BHAdY grqHqrBJHos -udrucye Fo>I€HHH H?IHolrddoocxu ndu UWsHHO>t{or€IorBJHuBx
.'tD -udo,l Holr(orre€Hr aH gJJ,oBlfaveduoweIJpIc xHJ€ oHJI'is€Bd'IqHIJaJCB9
6 r{rrHmqHeW
-x
A) -ugfivJ BH Hr^rBH#oCcBg orqHEsBdJ ersrHHoBJJJ'dxcH H rqgodxou eIqHtssEdJelqHHesJceJco
3 E 5
8=ooS crr{ 5ii Y,oLI 'arqHHBBdJvr erqH eadan Yoq xlqHJcoHxdasouganlled,r,sru$nu c gLISI4 IqIIeJc
E q'c^' L\ d -?hcau - rqH4occBgarqH '-Hc
]rOJ -a) oHHOHedJ,codIIcBd JoIBhd,IfoudVJ s sI^ledsooHVOIfcoU
-HoHnBd.r,srr.r$uus r\raJ
-BE H Vddu grqHqreJuu
Fl xedrsruQ xtcdoxc eH ehHu.JdEt{ sHHerBVd !t enHesll€et€]K€ego - 6
H H -olrBH
Q : s scJeBtrou :(ar.tHesoyJJes€H H nHlrpd€€) exJolrho BelnoldEercou - g iuruecolesodrxare Hvttqux{d.r
O(oOO*.I C'IA t ^ ilroc
-l bu c edar{ex reudogc-i:x<euedV-9 ltsultacceg etsuraedJ-9 : l q H H e J f , E ge l q H B h
v ( v w v
-ocBH BvOs BXHHHOJCJ,O ..CAil 'd -
o) etqguor.rnBdJqrl.Idltn --, iVd.clu 4lsnslleJuuoveH - I vHHkIoJJJo - 6 leYsr,{y1 I
cnF . O - ^ ^
duJUl | " [ _ ) d c n J J t lU(]tlu (f"xxHsTI 'J) <Jd1tgHe€rg> gUgH BI,{exC '0f 'JHd
o I^IAHHBgHBJCIO VAdEU
HrfeJHcoIAIJ s uuYlYtttl,,tv
N?
I A O O ! A O o
-OX EHHAITUCI YIIY NIOI€
t -
cnoH c,0 cI(o
A A udu ixuugo.lcro grqH
-qrrBJHoerado.r rJrqJrqdx
-Jo s ,tysoroJVouoYos
L ' a
ordHqrarudesVedu BH
I - t . Op 6- o A t\cA JEBUi{JCOII WOTATOIIBJ
'|
CrrG -O HOi)
dreHey ou Hvqr/tw 'd
Er4BYog '('r 0Z0t) rurss
 L9T 991
'3r
-uHHW , r^rrqHHorxdesJ,d '<dJJJ uHdor,uddol un Vos
xnutr{ee ercodox3
'(aw BH 4olrgarc00I) ^oTl-"]-nx xIqrsHE€ vg'L
I qryac'vJ
-Vou asedxo H vr4l'l-usorqroucH eyVsdou o fiausexorfou> olKx,Br oIqVBInotfu IJaIngo soH4occJd''xrqtrHoI4IIEd'r'srnQnu
gcJ.ordsrc['osorfd raHnueHHe.idoeHycqrra.l,BxJrqrH-oHJyoodu, H -.r,efdu,r,edrucxe Hdar,eruynni5nn6-eHtqa] aHoIJEd wov'c'd'(ds
eurnordduler(ruc>re'VL-lt-II LIrlHf, oc HHsJcrasJooJs J,or,tdHJ,
-yaodu b u'usrrarno€
J d o g ' a e l f o g I ' I J o t f 2 o v l u e ' l o g z d u s o d xoU d'Lulsolt
o J o F I H s BIJaH
g L I g H c a o d o g e € o Y o sa H H E a o Y d d o geoo H c o h H H X o J -ed €09 lqHgaccugJtHraedl aV1 ltus19
-soJ.Oisrevf
'udoeYEs o , r o u d u r H H ' Eucw e n u r d o H rr r q F r U
g erqHHAUUOypH l3ocgel{IJOHaUaSc alcahtg HHHBS
-rcoru c nIqHHBgocuIfJoc'rNvn*,eaogadr, ru,lqgdelkrrvc.xulnoturr -UmUXCndu U 'egOdXOuOrO""red'r, a'rcgosc XIqHsOUIlUd"r'lru{
-agro '4ul.'yuduVedu xrqHHarrmlqy{odu H Jcarlr xrqHHareceHaHg i"Vo*tuodu yler,fu rnulqHHagJceJcaIIoJe HdLI
euHarsoHurccog- g .LOIBS
xe>rr,c,enrtun .lorefiehrrBdsuHax,{dooc,HJ€ 'BHIIeeHHU.rdo xnX .JOIBB.HTIIBXCT
dgUdJ, U qUAVEH XdgV AAHAI^I AH AHHAhEJ
-cehr{Jorroal xurnordsrc'JasJooJar4Homedeedrc,r,edgedl guuex< -urnficVou'.t.oteg;H>I{Bdouo IqHIJaccBgersHreed-1
-l(dooc xHyBJ osJcqroJraodrc udg 'Vos xrqFrwaeYou HHHaHrrou evvlOdX sgHy1HHl't l"tOXnfeh^{gUd't
.HeUdJ, Omlqg,Brlqg, BVqIr ""t.n"Voudau
'OWUVOX9OaH ev( IJOIIUS il.lllHO'L
-cog woHHogJccr{xcuudu guna>x.,(dooc xnudogeeovos Br^rex} fUglqdXOu HVOS
$OIfJ Iqgolh
Eerngosclaemad H 4unexddooc xnudogusovos uur rJJreudug -
_cud*argerc ,qsur? e1..oiroxocrrsr€rurJg?uaxrov tqvos 4olfc
'BH
-Iqg #aroJB€ByorrxHxcohHrroHox€-oyHHXoJ ogoHcoBH ex{yBJ B xnuraudl g
'guaorcrt xuxcohaJorroeJodVurH xnycahuJorroal eH Byoxc14
uwuyeodolrE€ni*.rt"Voudau s' xEHIJesoBgl
-rlacoggoHY ooHnesod,Huuu"n" endbV ef J'o{esIqVErvfsod
-nou fourae d1 'ul'trlud'r,sru$ u
6 H H : I X O I f O I Ii I H I I S O ' I J H xuls,td'rgg :r_Y_y:i:?,[oE
(Voa xlqseqJuil-oH
s odosv€oYos 6t4HVsotrAdoso xsnurcrtuov emqro'g z0l' 6-201
OJONCIIhHHXAI gHHVgOdHIYgOdU'IIX Bg3 IfJ .Hox oJo H,du(mur',{r,er)iltoIfoH
,Blfiurro omodox gon]Ilfoarohl IJo
'BuHJ,
$ [ o x u H , h o . t c u xod' ds eVw u d u u s
III woJcl.rcsrE rueyraxcou xulr - xBJ g H V O S B S B I S O C , T O J I I C , H B B TX P
-dr EH V 'BnHJ I r,rtOrC,HJ grv H XBy BCJ,HvOseUOdU HrilBHgoC -horc I{vJCHho qHouorJ 'srcalrlo
- x v g u w r q H s s e d Jc, g U g H e u H e s o d n " r , x a o d g ' n o Y o x o u di l r r q n iong.tiug a*Hssud.Ls qr'srqc'dgc' rcr'auvc'{u
rJ;;;";;- 'gJCOInes XV>l
-HUOJCOUoH C yar.ad WgOUHr.rHArfUOJBS T{OyCOhHtrOHdeU UdU Xs "Ou
-OV LIJJOHTHOIIIIIISTTOdU gOHqrOJ,'t HVOg eIqHhOJS
-Heorc^( xuycohr.rJorroaJodvn.r' xulnordsrcrorrJooc s gug,1,4 uttv -cer.use'Ido u r/rn 06i-91 xereVadu
%Og-gI illouHuxdeVoc IJOH€OIfOII4
oHrrnJyauc,dou oHHog'ocogggl4 vttY so.rdr euHesorqroucl4 g UlUUnrUfCUi, HIAI,IqHHemegts OC UIcOHI{armHIIOdU
'HHnEd,r.sruSuu goHHtsoJcouudu ler oJoHrlrJorerogud omodoi -ran rqyos codgo tsJlaellsduoY sedr xlqdoro'>te-u
sLY dYJ tl
tdV n )IIIHHBII 'ffog
ondorox 'eldr ggg14 yvY sclu,tdurudrucye (a[f ) dexuuafl
' enl t t t O O . r aWU E I f o g E B g a r O U , ' g U g O : , t I f
ertg 'oxuec6 'f, 'g wrqHHeVoU 'rJor^rnsrr,Vondau
Hrqruor -OIfU ,mtql tB x 4nU daeO 'eorod 'gadtsU
g BI{HaIruoJEsgonugdrl r J o r r a r r r a Y e d u o ' l q l o a ' r qggo, n i u V o x ,,-.ri"o"rur.codr, XHHhoJcHxdiV
ulrg,r.orog
-l;t*;lted 'Vl 'ttgu'
-goaH Hr^i ByHrfes Hr'r.HlrroreVxe d,ro c qru sodH.r,yaoduoH'08 dgooc xtqHssedr,rrf'
uud ueyorudusorigacc-eg
-arran e$asred wsusorc.{ ou HyYelttorrurar]xul 'soJ,HoeHdo.r 'l,ritrralBtByou' r,rrurrtdv u lqJ,olfcH>tarrrt EHHB)I(
€r{ oHvHg oJh
'oHhegoy 'Hn:nuvuu udu
xIqHJoHoYos xulne>KarrYBn uuhedl - devoc orHHahHrfas^{' ulcowe grJHH O OII4He>I(I{Hc.,tvuosqraluhBH8
-,, trtt\4 a--..,--'^ ---,----^- f -
q IqH-U-OoCBq
e r r r l,uf , r r t w ow aP gl {0 . - t U t l t cC g ci
varzr
- l-i-f; t, ,i ,q1 J^ -H n 15lru YJuttuUriu'UuJl{ Uri)t(Util
- H l ( E A B O- r' i-, -^:^Jn.' ty' !ar?rAEnrrrl
'lU tiJi\r! 'u
I{I\IHmOiAEj,Jj,Og UU UIIIUUU:\ . r
-trooc,e u m c o d u € ' l l y V ' B l n o r uo r q u g o Y n ' o u c o eoHsed lJerng}i(
eoycohuJorr ;;-";;fiuOr"uH6tn-tu etou"sedr,I{ oIqHBhceU'*au}rudeu
'ovJer aert.ltrcu[oHHBYg
-oH9 geguxdaVYou '^,tgqrou srrutuxo lrt.lol,rr g,nd HVI{a atqd,or.ox -arfvBHqJ,L{mrrKurt.
osamav'H or'codu
.sOHrJAJCng 'HICOWOSI13I4)I6 ou emr"{If H tHN
-ortrBHoryHErru Lrr4J'r4s,€,vd l,roHqruc' udu 'on,,r,sodag'dg,rsdr,syog *t*"sedr .,trO9e6 'lsuHaCCBgeIqH
-eud ulocoJHegH lruoHorxHBrru l^uqHqrfaJHhEHt oc xrsrHphcailg IJHHaHHY3Oo ou 3XAX OycllfoxJeH OH
OILIHAIf3I'IIIo
LI xuy 'xeugacceg xrsrHUsEdrxrqdoJoxaH,g 'srcelnag xtqHYade -E hceu v ypy ' a> K xB I Osdar r i udu r ot er , o g u d w a f i g o 9 I q H 4 o c
uYud.r,o fVog JoBIlHho omodox mrqrrBX>rElryBr '4rrsHaulyau] -CBg aHugsed.L lqVOs UBIcAhBv sI'{HemL"{r'{ I IBIBJqlfdead oLI
,sur,d,nc '(eegd uyorlorcux orousadosrced
-deu rore gocouc oH 'o.rodoVucJr{YoxgoEyou orn 'u^(nrrrtds II iiU ilteh .6 .") qJco-r'{etsIrcgvo
udmqrog oH
$lomlqrrB]r3t JorBsH>I{BXn.'voJ g rud uttu,r.o .,txlcnhorHvogel{ eusexdavor inrnqlfog u'(ueed al t 'trgBJ oil
-odu pmrqr^rzxEog xeHgacceg xrqHqrodruoy BH .goHHsoJcou .qrralr.rh'HrBrrarru evos seHvoxcH uendlro I vrtv vI
.qcBr/BhHrfrQ olrqlfoxcoH (ger,drc ll) lqHldaccBg aIqH
r{rhou Bc.rasHudxoouxrclih ee9 ,r,fc/nr g'l-1 uulredlsru-{uu rEit3
 0gt
uKr4IfJ - g iedwraQ qrcEh EExfrJ BEHBorc
-r.o-g iedltruQ cexdex-t:HxurscBe l4olrc-gri xHHHoHned
7 i ( e t r o d o u E e H c o H o t s o s x) r o c a u - t -Heuur.c,t
r{t{xuBxJ,xttud-oge€OVOa
(xHHSorcJo -oV HHHaxddooc
H eYodou SoHcoHoYos s edJ,qrHQ elcur. ureeexou) goH$orcx,tsv - g :HoHgorJoHVo -- r, - r q r H 0 H H J.OAHHBOJCJBd ru[''
goranced xlqHhosoclu.r.sendo
'w
Hoxurqru€ c edrsrHO oJoHEHSBdJ ?r^rex3 'Zb 'end 096-061 oY ErroIB€I
H xrcrHHor{adsoc IIEITIIIoJx orceh xlqHHohod{udu'u ry 0I oolf
(r{odoJx{trHofi c) rnlrrroex ,o9 eur{gr{r,l us xHInorBJorfpg'Vos xIqHIla€VOIIsl4HarutlrougrV
- g ircVos cHasodd Hr.rxcehr.rreJJ
- I
:eHHx(Bsxc s rqYos qHaeod1[ HH]rJah ;"oivaue6.lc,tgUgI4 XByreJc'Hc' s IqHHxBsvc sH Icldogusotrog
-HI/'IEHEV _ _
9 iXUUgOJf,IO 9 :PXUICJP€
-t : o r t r l a s l c g o cd r s r H Q - f :(srcph
BBx^rJ) BrrHorroyruuod.lsruQ -- 6 irtg godogvgovog'vwgxD
-[d:. alcHVeJgo- / :BHHadd.goJoHrpH
-ex-ouclev,{-g i H o x a r s l r r o d us o H r P d
-go c rxuad.{g oJorcrarelfleds. - o 'z
HUxVsNc€l{ Iqdogv€oYos
8 @
sonugr{'r rn#n"i3-3h"*c 'tb 't'd ' 'evrcBrr{ xlqHdogB€oY
es BHHa}I{ddooc'
- Hx odJxar r € I { IJox cehHI^t HXJo lqg.r tdJ eI qHYBcgo qJ HH Bdxo tradu BI^laxce>K)I,uJ
-og BHHoII{oIfoucEd JoOIIHaHH'eheH€aoH>I{Bg
'lrnxs gvc I qJogBd qrcoH>( aVBH qJuheucgo I qgoJh' vu\ t Yttoer
sc ,Jee sHdrer 'rcr t v'adu r qHr .r > KBgxc HJcBh goHXdos g' vH HS toJc ud o.ro
Bclsvoxc rofT$i #f ilJ#i:H':;::':fi
ro,urivo
dorox
- ro '(dr vr uS) eJcEh oldnog,ud 'qJ cBh orf sodJ, qru$VeHr J eaIruH
- d o g u e o v o e8 H J r o J C O CH H O ' r u q H I I E A o d U U U g I ^vl olvi c J s c o H J o
'I qHHoIfov 'utrqtrorm 'Hedarur 'IqnadY- WIqH
?HHO r fox HBsodr qr fHo ljos odrqrH+ n gr tdr , xl qHv B cgo rsdSgeeOVOaatsaarr{1"
'edoJ,y/tVuov'(rsnux(Bsvc '(nuuxesxJ -qIfBJliOtUdOr y 'lqIlVOrOy elqHIXBm V IqHH>KB€IvCtsJISCOHIO
s H H ) v o g v l x d ea) tsqrc,f
t{pdogB€o[os hllqHqlfByHJdas y'alqser'.{r H elqHqlfeIHosHd
:goJHaIArOrf€ xIqHsoHJo xHInoldYatfJ €H rsorcoc IqHH>l<uBuc
'HHHO d/ tg I IO HTEHBX-O HdBVA -oJ .arqH qrrexl l rdos B H B oJ, or gr r a[ eedvou a JcB I T I I I I o H r Jo H o V o gg
eHx EJ v r woFldor od udu EUH J I
XIqH E H H ol K oIfoucE d,r,oH JoOI^IH JH svE a t sdoge e o vo s o l q H u r a t vo u
':II IC II.tr
g.rl
WA.I,3I,I], II:trV -
W CC-C7 OV HOHHO
/
IITJ HHY{USXC
c,r I tJU JU 'IqHeoxo IJOH
--lrounu.lu{rucxe 4 u [ N [ d . l c H o x , BIloxc BHB€Exou It 'cnd BH
'w -deJ.r4H ecrsrH oeorH hB sH H B Jdo qJ. usadr B I I cr t Y a d u e ) I {ve r o n u Y
98-96 eerf og aH rJ oHr 4g{ rr -OxgOeH ' B LIH oy< /tdOOC I^lH ITI O Im
B r t d e s' w UH I Ie l r rd o $ e v n H ' ' r r t d Yu
r q H H > K B s x cJ O I E s H e d r c d o H h I c I g oB U H r I g u g 1 4 x B I r a J , c H Jf l q cu l f
,{gdt\eB ^CqcHI rB JdagV OU oH V H I ^l B I I I cl I o n Wo x u WI q H V O d s
-U H S B dJB t eH l qY og eIqHIl a€V ot t I qgoJh ' X sH so l r c, L xl 9 u d B - t , H l t
HH)I(VgYf, I4I4N)IAdICHOX ' B H H B JH U
-B C X rqH JH H di l oJB Ifgs H cqJH V O X B HH O ) I ( I f O YX O I C B h A
q JB sI q I
'VL-Ig-lI xII sngorcf l l , gorH oeudo r xI qH S oH oV os H JS o H H e g o Jo
LITaHJ oHJBrroJ HJTaBWHHHdU -H hl (Jofvol fo gH H aN ({dooc xt sudogu€ovos H H H o I I l a w su du d g
aodogeeov os XlqHsdaeed XISI HCO JBH
:SI I Y HLI >I {Egv J, OI f CH h
'xr qJclr Hdeeouuddx r jrf li rr
001 H xr qrs Hs deeeuvadc Li l tv HHuxi^ilqHHeJr,lf$tl
rrodorxaucH' wtqH{d'r
'xrqlJllHdaeoxroru 6lfv ur sredue g dCOf
r/,r0g 0g aallal\i aFI xBllJotl g JQIEBHff .,tco.I mniau-Irj n df,OO dYau, ICIHBdxou' ur4JoIIooJl^tosJ.cdarc
 ULI
' B I c B I f u H J J o H I n o Wg o H s B d B c J a E I I H H H d U' V L
Br{rrrfv t^r 0l Oeirog orqJJOtrm0nixuinoeHdo,I xrqHcoHoVosri OysoHBIcd udu
'Halruores 'edltrncp HJ?Bh
aod.r,rruQ alx axsoHerc,t udg rlqg drsrn$ Iqg'orh - l g - I-Oi
I .IJcosfnOl
U H H f , o ntc e r f J o c 4 e h o g B d , B H H I f V _ I ^0l I
'y{ar c aHuv<ugvc s sHsod/t sHHe>KHHou oJoHHoHneredrucxe OV X E IH oeH doJ X I eH C oH oV O BX' I q H d o u B l I ' H d U
.(gt .rfg,B J) ,4 rqvodou r i Jco, H Y odonY o a s U I H a L I n H $ r fe o x vr
woJehrqg' ?€ BrcBIru llJcoHlnow gouaed BcJeegrlrauuuLc^{
osl ' rsV odOu IJoH cOH oY os f i nl cur r u. t couu f i d >t I o H l co f i {H cu sB t
ud,r,rruS uuJv:n Ber'ogud uuuwY xuruoendor xnHdoueHtag s
'lqdJqli
s JoIB I IH H H di l aod,r.trus H H I odasl o X I cI H V o xo d u H d a l ^r € B d
Htp
'(nd'r,truQ ctsugiiaedl) (ecJ3r4t
?reHholrg -oHeoo}udu.Lor
udra9vou xourq)go *,n of,[ ;&:t:;# ;?9"t5J;#
r3o)rurqcgogougHaedJ-oHl?hcour4rtLtIloH or Yo09 e erog) Ir w 96'0-l ' 0 " eInBh fxuttogO orfn
-Bhcau 4ottgorcxodr HvLr -x.,(sv '-oHYo gelno{Bvevgo
nHrcEhorc,tcoHu/{d]r 'xuyCau XICIJcuHdaeoxraI,{ s Jolf,tqroucu
c nd.r.vruS ansaHxdam u anreng.4dl -odu c anrcHHdaeoyrr'ariuv)ag -gorcx/ts[' .Qv 'cud)
Boxurqcgo rJoHgorfbx^s.YHrrH 4oHgolrr
,onVo c ,r,orusutd.lc,rtBJHoEHdoJoJoHcoHoYostrodou usBJcoc
(nd,r.sru$ eteuguaedl) Soll oJoxcohl{JolfoJulfJo LIJcoIlHcHs.Be s rsd.r,srra$aIqHgHsBdJ
-urqcgc 4oHgHozdJ IJoHHorrorlvo c
' r r o H o r a gI [ I q r c u d o u
:BI,IH (accBltl
-erarru (orouHdlre;) oroxVerr )IoreJ ou oioog aarog) r^lt{ 9'0-96'0
gH orc.LcoHxdasoul.toHweuduoYos c nurceh oreJ,coHu^dx
4onrotevurgo
:ndr,vruQ alcaaHxdarc H eurung.,{d1 Hlroell
-odu c eIsrcrrrHdaeenYaclc
BUHAI
-alfu oJoH,ledYesx l{xJec eH HItvr BrcHIr
-Bsyc rsd.lsrup '(91 'IfgBr) VL-IE-II LIHHf oHcBIfr'orroleIrHH
oJoHHusouI4tBrm oJoHqlfBrc'll>tl,olttgo
gonr'oroaodu €H otqJ,ccHxdasou 4oH
-udU uultu.t"ulrucxe IiHHPsogedJ 'Huaorcd xI4xc'ohHJoIfoeJ
-lcalrduoYos c tsd:,sruQ etsaeuxdar3 -odY[.r Jo HJcoIlHcHsBea ed.lsrHQ lqdenleed a otuhxdd.lcHoy
gHHorarIt oroHr,edYugx HYJec sH .nd,r.trnQ JorBgHrg,BHBJc{xBYodoil xlqHqIrB)Icl(Irouvr xlqH
IIIIII. BIJHIfOJOHqI|BJC OJOHHPSOlIWEJM 'Xtqrxtqd g oBJCIJod"r.cr{ UdU
'uu.r,owgo -qtfuxJ XIqaHnIJOIC^,aH HH,)I{BaXc
4our'oroaodu eu oIqJJoH (eccen ou o/o 0g< ) ntYuG-I '
-xdesou goumeuduoVosc '4aalledoQ nHJoBh rrrodeweudwuluoletrurgo ( r u e o d [ o . t o x c e h u l I e H H vV) o s x H H I l a s v o u
H}IcaLI
-dau IJosereln c ndrsruQ arsr,ur'9dd1 -edu c arqrcl{HdaeoHu,{dr tsHgodf. rHHON(UHOUOJOHu(OW€Oa, Jo alxver, u 'u,l,HgeYHlIh
- H r e g X r q H r o h c e d ' ' V o d o ux u l f l o l u s n d v e d e u I q H I 4 g d I r J ' a J , H o s H d
UL)HIT OJO.qHPSOUhIBJM I{JC OH IIOI tJO JH C H eB eI q H I {x{B svCB H H 9 A I I J
-OJ OJOH ooH oY Oa
.PdOUBH
gH orgrJortxdasou ftouwanduoVos c HIrl'I
Hlfprc rjamotaaex<deu eu Ho>torosodu qdo.r,ou t[oJahc,Bd, c, gogdd.l IJoHYBcgo H I iaIfaJBJHsVodrxor€
Soyrol^rgo c t(dwruQ olseaHxrdor3
eLluv (eccunt ,tV X am udOeee OJOgA n qr O yr qJC O H ho JB I C o Ye J, r d e g o d u o H
OJOHqTBJC OJOHHESOUI^IBIM E\I HLIII I,I}I ou %09<) r^rw 9-6 IIHrceh
-rol^tgo BoHhorosodu eH otc-LcoHxdasou otcrcoHuddx HarrIoIBYBrgoadu J
4 o u n a u d u o Y o s c ' g a H I I e d o Q d a u I J o s o r rr ww 0l-I IrHJceh orercoHuddv
'uuaedl
-am H 4oIr:r{dx c tsdr.crHQ anlungddl c vocau 4Itrczraaed;
(accew
ou 0/009() wur 001-06 lulrreh
u BH9AIII nUrCPh, OrqrCOHUddX ' l tl ,l
'Isdrsrtl@ rjalnouYergoadu c elqsornH H du u 0g-I^IoH duV f adu ' nt l , r l001- 0 9 eeHel{ aH HHoI/ox
'l.leHnedoQdeu -herfeJ g atcrJcHHagaln 'IcVodou xl crH x(ow o eodl ew pH Y LIJcoH sB d udu H cr a p sa h o u l o p o H I {, E g i {d . t
anaauxdar.3 liosor
.am u l.rorJrtdxc HdrqrnQ ets.lut'gdd1 arsaur'4orc,{aH elqHqrBuJdrog ,(V xeyt sOdO€B s LIH nB JHaI l on qJcoH >I ( a Y B Ht sH H a d d g e g O co U J
' IqrogB d aH . r f dt r H oI H n B I H a I l e n udHgfd"r,ee
ruoH do.l od H dLI
,ufi ugddrx(ai l r JorsH rourqs ' oJoJ el ^r ody' i q H o u l I B J e i q H Jl ] a vi e l t
ndl<rnq ntsodbg 'oIqgoyuHqlfeC
UrH oiqJcHHHIfJ rOIrHeHlI{dU oJoJ€ vrt[I 'ruoeHd
' I q l r o s B B Jco h
-OJ rJrqH cOH OY Og B I{H OH eBdl ueJo qJH H ed xO V e d u
eJ,HoeHdoJ oJoHJoHoYos Vodou ro ltrJotIHJHSB€s
udrrrnS uuhx,{dmuoYuuu.r,dogrcg
'gl BnrrgBI . E ) i ' e r . u g o V q J c o H q r l r g B J Oq r u ) I { d o V V o u ' t i u g o d d o > tI J o v c a h H t T
 6Ll
eLl
'Koxslqwodu IJoHJBdgo
J, r3oxsrqnrodu IJoI,^lsdIc HHHad{9
F
O H I I H d uo u H o d l ( g a o H d o l o d
l l g o r , r r d u 3 , : H o V H sx d s Y I o I B H a "dU . H H N B JE / T I f U C Y E
T
, o
o\ ^ I <
E = aa H H gOIrcd sH sY oX JH IK i l edx H I ' I l K B gvc H vH a Jc xB V o d O 1 1X I q g
o o -unrJorcd udu i vogus B H HoI f gdI r . l dadal t o u o H sl q d o d u o H I 4 r N e g
4 .) '{ - , { d ; J B U o d x H H N < B a , XHJX H B r . l V o d o u s u l { a h e r s € H H H H H o I f g o d {
t, o\ F) 'suHed
o Or - s B d . a d a w o i l u n H o d , ( g a g o s o u c n o H J E H B v - o H d B Y , (r a d g
'J o
It
= [ , g s o g o c o u 1 f d o g i r s o u H H 1 B V H a I l o y e d I q , H e VL l ' l f g e J g
Fe ' goJouc IJIqgox H oI f oX u - t r ' o d o u X I 4 yu a d x q H e h o 1 4
E
o
' l t ogocouc' WI q H d e V d c' I {H n B H H g I ^l o v
{ X H xuady uxfi oxodu vvY v
(D
-
n gounrol ,uodurgol IH du c 4 I qH qr eJB T[ B ds- o H d o l o' gdu u r 4 r su H e so d
td
o\ -H H H gr^roxH JcoH ,Jc' B hs ' oHJ^dV H Jo{f sql f o u cH I gUgI4
o tr
H F
. O JO I TI B H B Y ' O JO H d E YH^ O JO H d O I O d
E X B I{ A IC } IC g X IqhIA H H A I^IHdI I
o
x E H H od^g dogocouc eml qs X I qH H B t B yd el t o d v H l {x<e sxc ( xl st t u o
3 ;
E { x a
-HIr,edrinuQiru e>l<yer B) xlqHdog,Bsovos xvHHg[lIJ Xumqlfog
x E F I
a l l
F
H X udu vuvr v ' B U H J. I I gU g I 4 I ^l a JJH c vu f i
(P o\ -il
(D
III v B Y JoH I, I.BYHH,IAIOq,YOIOVO8
o\ <(D AHH>KEflXC' B I,IIOHH
o.)
'l ' X E
o o N c, ,e> K orfouC B d' drgOruad,x H I N t sI 4H vaogod r ' e d r sr I E S I {o d Jo I ' {B H Y
t 'i
(D x ,lqOgJCAhV>IH gOH Br I9VOE,r,IaHgOd{.'WOVOXCedee H IqHI{y<EgXC
x
' H n r r usor c[ uw , uxca h n H xo r L I I I I A I H X O O h H J
rJoH H g^rfJH Jcor{JcB h s
3 E o -oroarodYHr BcJoIsreVeduo BHHoddg lqgoCouc aIqHhHUsBd
cJl
QrD
t-J v
'W ' edr,s r nQ [ , u vev ' e d l a l t u u V e ) I ( O JO vU I
-- llt 6 orfLoyo IJoH nIfY
)- l-J l--r O
.ts .H n-
'NllHgorJJo Jeal{u ud'r,truQ
o O N 'O< \rF F t c rqg/idJ IJox[IfJ ev IJIqHHorsoJoJsH
o 6'-
Y g ' ul gOeU dOl O JO H TJO H O V O €H
x s B 8 9l
U A
o\ ii xo troeh U B H > I{ LIH a HOVOa C OICAhtg
5 5 <o- o 5 U
ts (D < i X H IrrOIB U d,rcOu' Itu.l cenX Iq H H O m O a€g vt H vskr l l u B xB H ' vvf i ' d V
o (D ,IqccB l n.l cB rfu€H x H qJB sH r €B JoJt H H I I H H T N V X B IHf I I I q H
3
B H OTA 9
(D
F H
-H o6eodd,oxur,H eqJB srqdyou JadY er c l qd r q u u + a H vJa h H I r I r B JeII
= \ J lt
v . F
(DI F aBhdrfJ, r raHYerfcou g'Vo g xrsrHlllotYotrr XISHBHJOadJ B hlHH8JJIJaV
i-r
- g o s r r u x c o h H r t H X g c q J , u J d e s Y o uO H ' a l z H e r s u J o d u o J ' a O v J a h I { I f
P-l F)
A
v 9) qJB sl l haucago' 4l l H a Y xa d so u X H X Jo n H H
H
-gB dV nJ ooH rgl fel H ,rll r4:,l tr
V N
O o
-BXaIAtr gHIOdu IqsHh4oJcd slng IqH>(rOV' H'u>t<esvc IqdJqIfI{O
^ 't1{
& I - 9 ' 0 a e H a l {-
q X
F
I aH H I{ H E oJccE d B H ' B JC B I r I I oJoH coH ot r o s i q sm o l , o l r H H r so d x
f) ' l t Y u u s q T O I I H Je d Y a I f J
ro rrJB Ifl eI^ttB doH eudgoocar an aa or h
o ' FTH H N (B uNH o,hB V ou I4 ed,lur nQ H unxddJcH o v ' V o d o u H Jso l l l a e n
o
9l
-HHOdUOVOg, W,OlAnA-l UCJegIt'etraduo eij,r.lrH{l HJJBh l;rartOgzd
It
€\ ' nP (g' (,-G) oep(7,-g'l) ulrroc
o t rr rjoHnudoQdau 4oaalnaln 3
o oep (7,-g' l ) o e p( g ' r - g u ' l )
o e p( r - ) otp (g-g'e,) gannedocpdaut3orl,{dx 3
-u' o
O\i x
q ; l
€ q F
6<Hq 6>Hq edleruQ ur.r1
E:i x
E
Vodou ulcosVodouV aluoHtruQ$eoxudg
I
Xr HH>t(usrt xnHdogeeoYos
'rrL{ 'qodrsrn{ '9I sIIHrguI
4tllrdauro xrluYoxodu Hdahleed
9u iLl,
-godd oJoHqIrBI^[HcxBr^r 'rg ' gB Iqdog Hdu',(d.,trud eu u u u{Hquol}r cl€rll
ov enuxusyc s gHsod.,{oJoyc,ahnJ €ii -o uqrctd.lHox'g r.rgorr
-8JC rO Ul,{Oe.Vou
rqJoclqggoxcahHd-lawoeluwwdc yBy ,gclaEr 'IIoJo Hdrogudu JorBsHrgEHBJcit xBHoqruseu s 'oJor aruody .atr
-aYoduo .[olfox lrtogsreY.log H N3r 'aHHN{BgyC B;OHHOE,IC,vadCOUAH XBX
"H Brraeyorr BJoc,ns (reHrou) ruxcer,ud.lenoel
'edre,{sidamdr
oV aniuu<Bsxc
qrBsHrs'eHeJ,cdledYerc davqovog 'ax,hBxoduudu Hvos evofi'ro
s rqUo,ssgspdd ro rrVoq uur{e>x
-uav s.r,fu eH Bdouieuqda.louurrun,{c- rtK :scireuyrou glrY auuargJagJo a>IffBJ v 'Hvilvlrx gIqHrBdgo 'ux,x(Hgtrpe'gHH,
eHo etr,{x ,ad,ufsrdoe
-ad s IsYos gHrgodrt odoHqrrBIAIrHJXBWov ann,xegxJ g lqvo,s gHgod,r{ o,JoxJ -ergeY udani,esyttY dleruosulr 'rqvos, godu udog,r,outtV Hedy
-anrultenuM Jo g'g$tagdeweru 'Bweq,vou proc,tqs raxcar,xdlat{,oa:
"H avJ .LotesudJ,ewcdYadu eYosoduo9.(dr,ruogd'ou,eH r iemoreVou eg
(zor) 'ttK+tH:dH 'fil
9'6
'QOt u lnlerdnrdo@ o r . , ( n o w e s r a v a d u o, o H d d o u e n aeHOI{eH qJrclg BH}I{rfotrBHoqrHsBu BJOJIqg 'AHOqrHsSUHIOH
? B ) -IlaeBH
u '"0 BoHHx{BgNc' goweunrtrou 'rqYos ,(Voxcud ou "r,oredugYou s Lr >re'J"'edev'rex goHHarfgi{rJee s xBx BOqJBJBrouded
HHx{Bsvc BvY IqcocEH 'rqcocEHarqHxr{d.rouqrBgHrsuue.lcd Jox(ow rqHHxBgxceqrc/t .'HH>KBsvcuHHBAOvddOgo rqntrOxC, OHJ
x B H u x ( B s v c s o u e B d g o o c a r a l ro J c B h B U g 1 4 x B r r e J c H Jg .r{dv H qJrqg lf,rorrr 'ourreuo) "rqyos udog.r,ovvy uvtvrurHos a
'gudJ, wogecou r4rru rratualn
Y-osgodeniudueu 'rsnugevou oH g7 'c,ud vH Hrrv;;evandoroxaH
'fxlec eeder, lauud.r,co[ coceH
-ow IAIFIHHOI^I,BX EHOqIfHgBrr r{>runcag 'J,Ho,eHdO,r gHg s, rqHu]r{Bsxc rH Byog .(udevl
"r,BUadX -aHsod/trrv') oHulxesvc s rqvos,ruaHsodf Bs
'oXYogeu HHHqIIBIATHoxEltt orrtrnotumrqsedu,dJ.oc,lqs BH ruorHr{d,l HHHevorrgeurry
Xu goxulqJpo C' aICIHI[OtBH JOIBIrotroHrhlqgolqHoqrfggBr]HJcoH Hxgdd"r,HoHqrBJc uxc,r{uodun BrregEXuvosvou ytrv yttttcdasJ,o
-JCOW gowaBsr4ntrBrEs BH HLr>KEglrC HHHOIT{OtfOused .ornhrr J,otesHdJ,eruodyad,u o,rurru goudrouo g'gHHou,stsd.reeoslcH'udJ.c
udg 'odu eougdd"r,x<ow
-oeuodtr'ur, ordrnordeJcJesJoocqJ,usudJ,er,rc,rtvadu s auHasouvusoduorrirnuehorrrxcu,orurrpggr
owfyoxgoau -ewdar
dralo"r,eog 'vos xneoJ,Hr{d.rrltrw xrqseHsHr xHH s sHueyeuou oldurou srJBsuheucago usx<rov rqJurru goHdouo evus
g rqHHx(Bgxc, uvrroroJo BHn;,/tdJCnO) 'qrogBX JsVosyou
auHerrtedsroveduBH qJ,urnedgo,r,e.{vereeuHerlHHaaogoco dew ^,(lu.r
,?x -ad;e y 'cocuH qrroJ.BJlrgvodJ,xare
H gnuxfdrou rorpsurspg
H rroHoqrHsBII' guueve xrqHHorg[r.re8 osJc4odu,cd HdU
'soVoxodu -ercd gUgI4 rreJcuc xBH'r{>r{Bs>rc g 'reHrHXBBXc uHHBaovfdogo
xlcrHqruwdox ilronl{ehou
-cagoc sHHBsoVr(dogo oJoI^tHYoxgoar{ B r l o x c s e r [ o r H o r u u d uo r s B h a o r f o g l r e HB H E T B X OgU7 ' C U dU g
slrHalnehreud susorc,( eH
rolBntnsudu oHBIruB soHoqIrHsEIttsHHutreisdanree4'r{HI{JBr4ror
HI4XVSNC AHHVSOYAdOSO
u){]'(naYBe - 6I
:HBuErx gnureclgo - 11 :dJar^roHer{ - :oHarcoy- 6 :ey 'guHemddgo .r.oucrorBBnxdav.,{
.9^o U o H . I r a r . e v o r r g p p H y o h B u r r o y- g ,I: B J H r u
H r e u d o u o _ 7 rqHHr{Egyc
: ( H Y o s n a u e o d f e _ e -e) x g d , d r s B H c r a r e Y o r v g e r- 9 : q r a g B ) r
- g :tsYos cHasodf HHyJahr.rJeJc - p :tcVos suetiocl,( g-uxc
'ahHnsHHV- t' :JooEHgrslrx<agodrrrolr - 6 idoronodryerr€ _ I
Irolorugod,t yer€ HrrqH)Kagodruah
ltrcHxfd.rou f, rqHHx?alrf, uuHeaoVf dogo uHexJ 'eb 'xtrd
. ?JOf,?H OJOH
-:regod.lHah oron>rfd.tou Hrogud uxulcudar,xudey 'f 'lHd
t -gedc' ou gdd"r,
xnuvecgo I/oxc,BdBvrmsuortr'suHedrig qJ.codoyc
r/. w'b sh 9b EBmqrog,:Hvtvgocouc, vnuJddv c orHHaHsedcou sJ,carn/(niuadu
"nnt-nA n p ' nq Lt
v9
nL n a V
g suvr I ^ rrrrrrJ t'^ ^^,,-r^,^.J .--^^^
vv, vg ut
n o unJ t u'tv9 U' wr 3v S
v rrrAr rT L r rt rr vn lrrrqorrrcr rr v, sunur l r r rr rr vnnL* rr ,runyr \{,n . n
t;UddJ \,/ g.rrrl('Lll\g dvflLIUJUU
0 -xerrv 'D 'g iuro"orons 'y 'g 'dxrud,eul 'W .g.oruHoHr^r
oIJ
tz 'qJc,oyr4la
otdHqrel,Ifiauog ,IqHHN(
Bcruuguyou H
0+ -EsN'cgqJ,cf f y{HHHorgoHBJcd'ruococBHBcrIJBglqc,BcJo Ja}I(ow
09 Hvodou uvturrurJ,BhJ arcawg qlcoxvux sBHhoslqruodu'BvoIO
08 -JO 'OrOgB€ v {HHXU8UC soorfrnrdfg B, ]1r,oxolor4rBc,
BsraByOU
fircoxwe BoHqrBHIIeuc, gH vedo,r.ov'Bvog BBJC,Hh sCJ,efeqroucH
Hlc'ovYHx( KoHhosHrrodu eErrcahByg 4_oxatsruodutson.ledgo c
uruned.{g s sc,JoBsrqcedgo H UC,JOEutUHvOU 4Ov
"du'x,HHHoJCJo
-odou gouuadKg-eud c' aJ-corusBHo evdx.r,o'.dnuxugyc HHHaoxg
udu ordmuYoxodura lregr{dr ilrrqnqruddgou HcJoByou ud,osJ,cuf,
;t^8
o,to,tc,ggurr evug g ilrcoxrux gBHhoglqwoduBcocBHolqrflowou
LLI 9Ll
(l)(r)(r)(l)(r)(r)(l)(,l)O(l)(j)(l)CTI(i)Q)
'firaYoroy, IJIqHdog'c,s HHxBsvJ XIqHqraV
BcJoBdvrgut, eVdxlo
-11 )- )1 )j )< )_1 )-1 )< )< )< .r-1 )1 .11 j< -h
' B I ^d . {x
CP ED EE CP CD ID C! CD ED C' CD TD GI Ttr E!
' Jo tI4 I^[oV osoduOgr{.dr, hII qH H oQ H J t sJJa B d u g o c' B V o g
t l t t l l l l l t l t l
H = H @ @ f r 6 o > 3 -v,s vH H vxdaY V Ou [ [rOgB d , s B H o+H J B V o sB ,t sr Y I i l co cB H - r ' t r i d x
N? O O (J |' I t (
t9 t\9 t\9 t€ O O 'edogue
-B g JOIB sH TgB H B JC /{ LII4ftHB I J4O H o, oC B H E H O Jo J€ vn f l
{ c J r o
i " * , e $ - : J - : a o ' 5 5 U r Sr U
l r o ) o ) t ' . ? w c j ) -l
C t I C J I O O O O O O T H O T C ^ ) -ovos oJoyB r B gJc' rJodJJ , /Bt r i oxc B vH sl I vH u l a I si l d u B H P e P X o U
r r r r r r r r r y O ) C , n O q ' l O A)
C , ^ ) C , D @ t 9 = O , C ^ ) O ) o\ gV ' JH d E H ' I^[ogocouc;nIqH H o+H c H H >K B a X ot H I q Y o s d r ' u V o u
o c l g r l c r l
'
= c n q r l
I
o ( r o
H
q J i r r s J J a l n d , c o O H c B d g o o c a r e n ' e J , H O e u d O Jo J O H J o H o V O gH J c o H
-InOnr gomqlfogeH Hdu oJOCs aIIIBh 'Hrwot IiJcoHXdasOu Jo I^[ B
o A]
o -/ aOIfog oH aH ngl {IrJ B H Bc, JaB JP I f oucB dg U g 1 4 xB H I ' I >I {B B X o ' ' B
6
'OBhr{rc'g
Y O e X I q H I I a € V O uq H O s O d f g H X J O h H I I B H H Vb V . l o v
7
! IqdOgVTOVOg III4ITIOIVgIq3vf,g I4 AIqHHOOI4C
r)
Fl
5 X
c, t9 t,3 h9 = d F) ' qoH ' IJOJJB
{ ctr o) o) o) t€ o) o) A A t9 t,0 t\3 |o g X IqH H O H [ gdr , sr r n$ n r gH H H ] I ( B sxo H H H O X {
\-6
CI C'I O O O O O O CI CJJ O O C'I C'I cJ| -)
(D -otfouced eruexc vutvi udu sc, r eE B I qJH h[ so JO h cB d u u sa V o so d l
X
r u d u ' r s r Y o a ,H H s o d ^ ' e d o g e e O Y o s r J H g e V ' u w t s H H a > l < d d o odl v x ( o n t
(D ,aunsoJ,lced '(tsdlawenY ' I q H H g l { r J ) I q d a W s B dx U ' H U x < B s x J
- t { ) C , , H H
{ O
.)
CP CD @ t9 O O) C/J O) O) O) Ctt O 38 X rqH doge€oY os oIfC ' I4h OHeI l O V aduo qJl q g o H ) K I r O V g O Ja h o B d
o c.tl crr cI o cJr cjt o o o crl c,n o o o
E 'XI aserJ s BHa>KOIrtH<<IqtrosoYos
tsHHaYesodu aJeJqrdsed g
X
- HyHHr^[ecLtroUOYog - IqHH]I{Us>Io>> awaxc ou gUgI4 xSI^IOJCHC
p)
x E H rrecocB H odJyar€ H rrrcl HN {^d, r ouH l ^t r I q H ' H ' B a o v[ d o 9 o ' u v{B l t H >K
s c,D o) tc o) A c, c,D o) c,o c+) c.l.) H H H
Cn Cn (D
cI t\9 qn t,9 b,9 N9 Ctr t9 t\9 t9 O) 'o - B a X Co c s o d o g e s o V o s B I o h J B d o r o x c o h u r s B d v p r r E ) I H V o J O W
c,
' gn€ soc,ocuH xl qH > (f dJou xI qH H aH B d ' ' L co d u ce do a I r o g H B H
.l
X 8U X I g W e H H O r l n d U ' s . o d a t { e e d o u r ax, tr q d o r o v a H B v H J c I r d a J v E d
F)
t:? t\3 NO t\9 t.9 b9 t\9 t'9 tr? tg b.C tr.'? tr? t.J l.?
' I I gu, L g ' gn€ a I q H >K ^d Jo uI' {
@ (o (o (o (o (o (o (o (o (.o (o @ (o co 6 :B X H E X redN uH eV eandu 31 V Bu
l9 t..? (O t\2 t9 tg b.9 t€ t\3 N, O Ctl O Cn Ctl o .t4I
O O O q N C I O C J I O O O O O O O O O J o H H I l g ^ r J : s o [ H J x f s Y W o H s o H C os I q c o c B H o H X J H B H t a I
13
.dg U C IOIE yC dutqsoIqJcOH H oI f m I qw O dur r , r r e d sa a f i so l cu H , g
', IJOyhO'JtsC'JotsIf
-l
r H\u
-l { { { { { oo { { a o) o) o) o)
O) C, Ctr 'r N9 b,9 O O) O @ O) O) ."i xEa X .eVaduo "D Voxc'ud guvcoh?IrxB+ (uxxnaVee Jo) 'q xEHHaIr
J" jo
ul c.rl cJl " - H6 , * s
-, .guJoduoc xglrqroJuHnouoY' H 14 ov:>r(rlsVu€ vrLrHBsodHr^.lad udg
.! D o iX H CD
'YUy c' dvrrol JaBV_ (g e_xr,or) - -
d w,Hmhd,trl{Bu -g V _H H O
E,.. n H 'ct1 qdeJ,ourHH
XgF'lril o XlqsHdyouHAhacadag xeVoaodu,ogztdr, s udoues
ol
(D
t9 t9 t9 t\9 t.9 t'9 tJ tl9 \? \? i .areYadIroUHHBsoHcO HBvceh
@ @ 0A @ @ o cP c^) c,D c, @ @ @ @ 6 vH vEHHaOdIcou'€r - V vusr4d>L
;- ;- crr ul ctl c.n o) o) o) o) o) F;g$nE EI
<is' dtr
-Wulg.udeurcr,HVosodu OHtlralusrouoV HoHrX uI O Vf,o oHcIIfeIf
lic x glqHrott
.redeu tsBw,sduscJ,H[osoduLI douult gHXJOhHdlanioar
q)
}! Q.t q
o q
oo 6 @ Oo@ Oo qc @ @ 6 6 (D i 3 r q r [ O l t g a d Js J I H c o H B H x u S e d , i B H ' B J o c E H o C . l , x a l ' e o J o H
6 o { 6 I Gx
<i o) r cr @ { ctl o) @ or o) c.D \t A (rr x
'c "er.. -cr-, t . l ! -t . X e g o d l n a n o J o H x ( { d J o I II q J o g B d B y u J c H d a r v e d u xE H B t e x o u
g 5-' E
o '),r4dBH 'BcoJBHuHJ JoIBdugrsasococuH {'Iorurev oU
$ ' VV
F' ude.,(g
.,
* x H o -deead oY IqHH>KEsyJ pI aH'Holfov
o HoHHBVro xuVoaoduog.{drs
O ) N ? N 9 t , 9 H H H H H lfucye s'gog[d.r, goH,VB Jgo H lllalferu.IusYodlvare
Q)
TJoHHoHTTBJBf
. v t r

=HEiE
,{V*a^ Hrfelfl s tsHHarguJoduoceuvcahursudYHJ scrolBsHJ,LIn.,{
ttK edoueH qdarou lqwni.i(c' HI{HaIfoY'aduo udu 'ededsdresods.
U aHr.ty(BsNc s tq!'OgrHsOdd oJOycOhHJBJC BvIHv,geIfOX qJBsIqJ
F . n v = Y - - - -ur,[ re,(Verl orod"l3 'r] aoH €H oVoxced udu dg eunxusxo g
H H r;
E E g g g H E X E X H H H -gtE
' g Esl
s '+
H V o s E H s o d r si H H O x ( H H Oo uJ o H J O h c End a d u , t s d e e e ds I q V O su H
OL,I
8/l
BI{IIHPTC EBHCOOBH - 9 lng,td.t aHI[oIEsIscPJE
- 9 :tcHtt*{BsYC - 7-l
H r . t x B s u JH x g o r f o J o ' J o t B f i H e d r c de H ' o r r . t g B d u y B i l ' i . t I ^ l e u r x '9t '?Hd
-Egxc VeH lqHocrffH€rBu HU)t(?slt? €,u dogesoVoe {HlnolaslqJssg
soEosoVos xrrHuoQt'tc,egJ,c'godJ.cfi udg
'neYorfox glsndogc s rqvos r'rocodgc,oc, sotrogovoq,xIqHHoQuc
oxqrroxcaH: JorBsuBdrcd udogeeovos,eHHrV gomsrog udg
HYOg
rHgod^{ oJox€uu oJor[Bc t\i g'0 aoHer{eu fHugrtrl eH ualnduo
qJrqg naxroY enVorroy a ng.,(d"r. [asox qHesodr('Vouesurtu
rdu '^dyxusYee JorBsurrseHreJ,c,f ehVoroy s, oJe agr(dl goaah
-Hoy uH euo$uc' uyYydue godJorqg HrrY 'weH s HVos qHasod/t
Vou scaarrrr;.celndco lteYoroy grlridogc, s, rqYos' sHveLI'JrEs
-orfnx xu>rqrroycaH - oJoHYo xeraYadu s BomqrogaH qHaho
uurdeue Voxced vB)I xEJ 'sssomav Bcoceu-nrr{z{,yug snlruJ,edru
-cue B 'gococBHtsHHBgrqcBJs drocrqg leemnfrf o16 'vnyrvJrav>r
rcqrPgHttuctl, JOXtohrxBcocBH xprlnoresrqcBcsos Lr xdveos BJ
-J,as!-aVHsltolrd.[yus c a.Ler,qrdeedg 'wocooBH-y,r{dyustscJees '9t 'tHd
Hnx(gsxt Err udogeeoYou o.touuoQur
-IqcEcJo x.(Veoe o;odo,tox gH 'relox.-v'Iddxeg rcJngurc rltococeH "HaxO
$trllrtuuglqceJgVedag 'uuhuur,c r.{or{coc'BH x rlrollteq.Vou c Jorug
.HYBrxodu lsgdd.r,oulrroresrqceJsr^roJeudil 'gp 'cnd eu l3,ouuav
I fi-1
I
- a g H d u ' a w o x c o u , r , o r e s i { u d J . c dd o g e e o Y o aB u l n o r u a r q J B c g
I
'aodogueoYos,orouuoQuc Lr oJalnorusrqc,Ecs
tH sHneH I r l
'I{gr^roxscreur'drou eundrc wasvorcou' g 'cocBHr4HInOleanc zt
-B3s Og Or'rsdu r.aeurtrcou BrfJox-wr{dxegEH Btros H anvoroy I
6
noudogc s slcongoYeu r,eeVeuro oJ 'ecocuH.olelnoresrqcBcs
olfoxo roIBgurguHeJ,cd lfalox-w,,i,,{yegHlrco 'eerr.[rc, wo.t g I
' E C O s B H - r r A A yrBqsJ o g
-Bd suw g-g BH Bc,JoeniuHudu olodoroy weq.go 'reloy-ltddyus
LIITHHXBUIfOXeHHm,{vSOs I{W,BJOCBH-l,t[dyes' exdYeos, Bcoc,Jo
xE)IhoJ g a>I<xBJ JorBgHrfBBHrEJCf 'XdYeOg OJOH e,H qJ,UyJdUlqs
orluYoxgoaHrroJe udg 'rqYoson{Ho>(HsV ou nouorxf, c.H qJBg ,w ,edouuH qdalou eyuy,r,{c- 1lK irc/lt 'ruuavBu oJollvog
-HVulrxr{ ogxow IqVogoVoB, otgHHoQr.rc oJh 'qrHJarrro radYar3 -Osc eHHadOxcA.- 3 ira/nr'qJ,codOxc; a iW 'eVOsOYosIJOXhoJ.4amOIqsnBH
'9f dr, xrqHqrrprc.rH qres.Lrvdrcd oH:eBdgoocerelr uuIIueulelr - lpr aVJ
H aHHIKBSDIJg' lqVorg Wang,Od,r{,{VXarat eJOrf,'I9aOrUOIIHBOTJeCBd
-de.r gouqreJ,ulnJ. srtr rqVosoYos anHdog3 'cltn xerav
/0-e'6
-adu crJ.Blrulrnudu
s oHX<or4r
evosoYos' woHHo$nc' s Hvos tsr{Ha>r< (eot) qK+ 6zlza){\q':-ueaq
-fisY v.r.codox3 'HHHHv :Jegr
HounoSuc aH,Hrtrou errldd>rue, vHHhHv
.oB gBHqrBr^lptcxBrr u vdouulr uder,ou aHrngo 'rqvos sr4Haxus[ -gBrCOC axhoJ IJAmoIqaHBH
BYOaOVOa gi eWI',iXesBH'HhHIfeB
-..-..f .^'J^J. n f .L '-'I'^..'-.yH r'^-^--.,-^v^-I--^ 'i^ilimqHeI^{
ItrU!-/\vuuuw r.rlr. y.(\uJJ l*1LrlLdvr.6.Yru DJ',.LurlJu'dll duuu tiuuuuollua xIqH
- n o Q u c e l a n c e d w o v c o h u r s e d t r u r n d u ' l l r o c o c e H - w d ^ , { x eqsJ B s
-rqcucJo osx<dn gredorox 'exdVeos oJorlrerrraYlqsVoxced c/r
I
oV scueunusudu rqHLrrYoJe ir 0001 BH u euo$uc rqvos,eYox
-ced ldc/rl,u 000I arqVxey EH wnsgeE' rlrHXc,ohHduun,e og
.BLIW
8O.O
-g0'0 -
lJulnolBmtqeedu aH oHhtcg,o 'trtdfxeg grswu.l.c,.,tuov uou'xuuqraVJ
(oot) tuov'vea1{> cxBr4r.vBsq'
eHgOlfOr{
gc,qJ,uvorrfgoc
ouxrov evosovos oJonno+nc o.r,ogedndu
 081
I8I
HHfntPrf, YolrJoJell J.o vog
'9, (dr xHH Jo l{oVos ,r o H hlov osV ou o J O J s e l n e h x e d O g U € O v O gx l q i J o J e d - O y O g r r r . l u d O U E -H g : B r ^ l C q , Y O U _ I
g ' HI ^i B grtdl -e9 B H E S TJIJOdJC AA IqH rB sxB t l ovos E- dl ral sr Ha de -r ec d a wu ee xH cr oe Jn sdHo g- /c - 9 : 0i de oAgs
J HyJ or otqHI roJog J olEf lI IBdjc,i s onliouox aItt HHV 'uuVrdog 'O 'V -B€ovos 4tsusreluo€xdloL oHHasJe
o)
'XoI IEg I JIqH S H ariHqreJ.HoeHdo'I
Hrlr rqHHoHI lsr glHes scr ol, {V. (dogo tsI t VO r'hl ' l JH tl aFI sI Jd' l ee - o o J - c : h a v o r o x l l o s o c l r o w J -- t
raeatceevd xB y :-suaccdO HtqHHoHnBdrquHQHH I
-HrfJ ,l.oresud,r.ewcdVadu elVorox 'ld,dxog 9'0 BH HIfI{'as Lr>r , :rs;{uacc?g aIcHHoHhBdrcrH(PHH s
'ugltdt-
retiroreYou 6 iaoa
-JarlJO amlqEi quqg HA>KIroYEnVOIfOy vOIIf HHHaH,€KdreeYUrUV X H H MOH €IJO qJC OH H A IIH N i B OH B I n fvoi
-cIHetAIgJJourgg illovJurcoVag 614I x l q n r J o H x c l a s o u € H d o g e e o Y o e - ;
-eu or HHHelxogE; YUY 'sadV xI qHI IaHdu OVos l qcc edI vH H aL[
-ads ax oJ g ' I l oY erow ec haY or o>t SUSH ellerrut g dog
-g,BdlreH u eg,o-Iryi{.nuseHanrsH Hdu ex(>Iur JoIegnrsuH,Brc'l{ I^l I -u eoVoE-4-lsnqreJ,HoendoJ'Z''3Hd
d,tcd BJ,H'O I^l rJrqH dogss scrH vosro Bvos w oJe
B Hv rqnvo rf oy' I(Ilrrvoroy aH so dJ,ol^lJ rol Bg'LIB
r^todJa r/,r ' B Y orott
ndu oJoH Y { asYou oJocg
-ad H HHnBIfHJHas lsHHaVuIfguH vwY HII^i 009 oIIIIeBc edrant
- v H Y n d u a a r o g f i I N g L ' w t { 0 0 9 o V a d u a w , B u Yu d u r u 0 9 a a l f o g H Jhou el usxadau qJcoH x{ow €os oJ€
aHHIf V OU - uw l qH qruY ul des c oI H H eH sB dc
aH f iHHuO JCCBde g, udoge€oY'os oJoHCITBJHo€HdoJ
ou sodogB toV os xIqH qIr E JH oeH dor
' ' ' I soIflIA uunulef.Ifllcv€ osJ.celtl^'(muedg
100'0 600'0 800'0 ?00'0 900'0 /00'0 ' IqH edV IJoJB hg{dr. eV Il s s B sr c
'g.,tdl dreneuX'
00g 00? 008 096 006 091 rtn -l 3odrcd enudogcoV os qre€I o€qr oi l
-cu oJeJs eeH €edgoocel r en gU gI 4
'-l.usHer'IHdU OH HI I
: (eauen au') VL-18-II UHI{f_ oH;celrrocJoI xBI IeJcHc tI
-sHnoulqg EnYoroy oJoHdogcoVos^H,odoJcs gfdl lqHorvf -ads eemuorc' dl { s uH H a)K gB H JoY os
'H,H>l1egyC godJqru$ rrV U yBy 'Alx Ur'tHxBJJOIBI/J'HH oJosaqu4u-oH H OsJJIJB S OV Xt t Y B U H r
'uadaru'l r4ttr4 IqHedV
-udu ed,lsruQ oroHrudgo saorc xlqHqraYJo HvuICIcBtnHIcBh esY ersadeg
'},[c 'tqsedV
ox{ HdaI^t€Bd IJoHI{mroJ gIqV>I(Bv E'oolr3' xed.r.-xdsV 4oHhoHegoln
9l-0I 4or,er'gi(dr, ' gB H B v
-oH rte^ev xH J,tqdxJ' o avH s
eH dr.srus grsH,r.udgoJoIBsHdJBIIcri,Vadr sodogu€oYos xIsIH
- q r r B J H o r u d oH r J c E hr J o Hrro n d u o Y o sr d d v o s ' e l u o g H d o J o J o n J o H g :BOUI'IJ XHvqlfovCaH J'OtgHeI/tIUdU
-OVos sH IqVOdorrIIHJJBh JoH'IqB: IIJHJEdsroYad[ IqgOJh 'IqVos' rsdogeeoVoa olqHqlfuJnoeudol- -
'Vos xtqsolH,tdr
ByoJs UIfY ByJoIf osr,cohBvs' Jux[rc H gHIJdasIo sag (aloc /
-rqs ou, e/, qrJBh HHHx{HH'ngdd.l HJc'Bh$e}x sHFIex{I4atr{Yorou oHdsrdYuVueu
'd earog oH) lsgddr, -dau adoudoV og B H JoI B - I B I r ouced
-xdag, g goyog c, HhtrBuJcdasroHIAIIqserarnHrH uwlilrrr{dv } 'w
rqoddr orqg,occBr rJJBrruH erqHr{oJo9o€aIfo}K'alqHJHaI lenoJcegcB axad 'ngrtcfu,alqudogcoVog B - 9 oV IJoHHP^{IBolrc
'e-uxcarrutruBdex 'HedVXIqJBhg^dr.eVHs s "iO.unt
oJoHooHotrog HJc,oml{I3'eIIs g-omorfraH ;dLi rotesuedlcd rsdog
JotBwunudu WoJ€udil
e d un o d o - g p €
q l s H r o i l I q s , O H € B d g o o c a r a n ' a m l qqsJ o r u s l q e u x dv t s v ' g U g L I - E € o v o s a r q H q r ; J H o s n d o J" i V ' o H d B H IB H e l f s g r c y'si{Haxd
dooc
grtr goC]ogB€OVOa XlqHqlr'eJuoeudor qtrC'BhU[uvreUduOVOg -oyos r/r,x'r c gugl4 e naf' vvHq.I.ukIuulruHdg
erqHHouned,r,srufrnJr--bHJ,HdxJ.o JoItsHairHduIl B-p olqrcoH
'XBxqoHeJClt BH JOIBE
go vr BvrnyjdrSHOX -ffiOilt XBJHo€HdOr XtqHsOHOYOg Udu aVJ
sHHVsOYAdo gggl4 axnrvudu g
-nuOtt,t HdogusoVosalqH.IrBrHotudor
.XPHI,IX(Eg>I3 XIqH
'. 6wol oHhHJoIf BI {BJoIE hl 14H VWgXS
-qLr ExHJdag radu r orBrr ov oJ€ ) tuv
-udu soHl3occeg xlqlirloHnedrlrusntt oV slc4odJc[ xlqHdogue: I q d o g v € o l l o g a l q H qL ' V r H O t l ' I d o J ' 8
-ovos Jo eHHEOrccu4'aodogeeovos xlslHqreltHldas afurcHodrcf 'tsweds
'elKHH I qJtdJ Bt alclHFloHnele, ( ruove oI€ EH sdrow c
udu I IO h lta
- AH 'xO IO U SI qHoO HO VOqcas qJ HJ Bsx edeil Bt qlf oH uedY X IqJB h a O H q L r A r r i > K I f O YeO d xu o I O H H ' B e e xo[ u I J p l m O I S I O g B d ' u l u r r u 9
a -udg auo4ed s do_gueoYoa qruxdrc Ja>Ko-Itr' gUgLI ol\Iercl4c
-o{ dr goHor yd vE-en Env ouov oJ oHdogc Jo BHHaIr BVz( e daru ou
'oJoJ , 'euenusedlo 'sr cHOdr Cl ( xnudogegO VOs V rd E sol'osotros xrsnd6gc xlqHHo$lrc earcHodrc'( r'rodanndg
O- "n dvnss .r,orri.dUeurar,uder
'YOs XIqg
q J . c o H x ( - o r u € o g ' HI E
I H OHqra.tuIrIr e>I(vBJ EhY'oIfox xoIIf
suHr.rrV^'ndogegoVos alIlIBJ crHdl'Imced - O x V O s e ua u s e y e u o u q J H J B t l s r O V a d Iuq g o l h ' 4 a I l 1 1 r r O € U o d V H J
- udya HI ^tr qHHI iHIfJr ,ot est qdxadeu, txdas c Bs rJgodr cd aI qH JE sx 'VOg xFIsoYYOsBuUHgod'{emns
-E€of ios'urt eglrieY lot eVx <ed'Io sodogesoYos {xVelnoru dw ol e .r.ueslqdxou sohVorox H>IHaJJ 't9hVotto>ls' IOIBhOIIfvEt OHhIqgO
goruvoslqs xHdoIOX Xdeg
-ou . Hr r Bv os uwFr goxvoseu sl,lHar uoJ, Bt O Ho€ s BcJolB sIqeB ]IO
 floAeol BoAbror rpy6uarbrx ApeH ocyulecrBJrflercfln c6op- 4 . i l y r t E B r , i EB o l l o g n s o f r b l -----
Huli' KoJro/r,eu,
npeAcraBJrflrou{Hri
io6ofi iesepnyap, coopyx(ae.
rvrufi ue c6opiHoroxe.neso6eroHa. I(ono4'eq cryx(rlr perynHpo- .rlyueeue BoAosa6opu flBJIslorur pasHoBHAHocrblo ropr43oH-
BO'IHOI? CMKOCTbIO, A TAKX(E B HCM OCA)KAAIOTCfi B3BCIIIC,HHbIC TaJrbHbrxsoAosa'60poB,Koropbre B BHAe rpy6-
qa,crHrlbrH pa3Meularorcfl,Bca,cbrBarorur4e snnrrpoBbrx
rpy6n. !,nuqe c6op- ry.I_e_HpacxoA 'lTcfl.H3 rIIaxT,HOrOKOJTOAIIa.
soli.'xauepu o6rruuo pacfloJrox(eHoHHX(enoABoAflurefiApeHbr Ha pHc. 48 n rrJra,He H pa3pe3erroKaaaHbr Bo3Mox(Hbre cxe-
'Ha'l-1,5 ,u. Hacocuue crzjHrrluu MbI ryqoBbrx ,Bo,(o326opoB rBcHCreMeI,IBIIB. Ha orax cxeMax
A r r n o r 6 o p 8 r B o A b rI s c 6 o p -
Hbrx KoJroArreB Moryr 6urr KaK coBMeuIeHHbrMH ,CHHMH,TaK I,I Qn.nmponue rpy6u p acnonolKeHbr6,uuxe K noAouBe BoAo-
pa3AeJrbHbrMH. rloc.HororopH3oHTa,B BHAe.nyuer?BAo,lrt 6epera napaJrJIeJrbHo
uuQuntrpaqlroHHbrM 6ac,cefiHauH B rBH!,€pacxoAfftrluxcfl Jry-
f tr4A, qeft noA py,cJroMpeKH.I{srqFrocrb BoAoHocuorocJrofl no4 pexofi
PAB/I'Hr{ECKVLH P ACqET
npHHH,MarorrHe MeHbrrle 3-5 M, npoBepfifl AOCTaTOTTHOCTb
flapaMerpbr rpy6varux ApeH pa,ccrruTbrBaror no reM rl<e oqHcrKH no_BepxHOClHOrl BoAbr qepes 3ro py,cJropeKH. @unlr-
QopuynaM, qro rr nrrfrcaMoreq,Hbr)f rpy6onpoBoAoB.pac,rerHoe poBbrerpy'6u BAaBJrH,Bhrorcs u3 uaxrHofo KoJroAuaB BOAOHOC-
HanoJrHeHHe rrpr{HHMaerca 0,5 AHaMerparpy,6n. Cxopocrb ABr.r- HbIe necqaHo:rpeBHfirHo-rafler{HHKoBbre orJro}KeHptfl,a nopoAy
xeHl{fi iBOAbI,'UeO6XOAHMafl, ArIn [epeMe[IeHHfi B3Be[IeHHbrX Lr3BJreKaroTno Mepe BAaBJTHB aHHf..
qa,crHrrH3 rpy6uarux
.ApeHn c6opuHft,xonoAeu, lcrsrHSB/ru- Taxue fiyrreBbresoAosa6opbrnpuMerrflrornpH MourHocrffx
Baercfl He MeHee0,7 tv^/c. BOAOHOCHOTO rOpH3OHra,6onnue 6-8 M, KOfAa no TeXHHKO-
flpr lpacrrerefopu3oHranrunft noAosa6op pae6u,naror Ha 9IiOHOMHqeCKHM npHqHHaMOfpaHHqHBaercq SaJrox{eHHe rop}I-
yrracrKu c pacxoAoM BoAbr,B KoHue Ka)KAoroQt. llpu gToM soHraJrbHbrx rpy6 B BbrpbrrbrxKaHaBax,H npHMepHoAo Morrt-
{HaMerp rpy6uarorl ApeHbr dn ,c 3anacoM onpe,AeJrfler,cffno HOCTHg 20 M, TaK Kar( IIpH ueHlurefi ,MoulHocr]rpacxoA BoAo-
Qopuyne ea6opon, ,cocroglr{Hx Hg cKBa)KHH, ,crdHoBHTcs MeHee
dt:\fffi,, (I t0) lbrroAHbrM. !,nnna orAeJrbHbrxnyuefi npHHHMaercffAo 20-
fA€ Us - He3aHJIHBarolUaff CKOpOCTbABHXeHHII B'OAbI,M/C. 60 na (peaxo 6onnue), HcxoAfl LrsMecrHbrxyc.rlonuft.'izrro.aa
NPOAABJIHBAHHE rPY6..UYUCfi BbIIOJIHflIOT TAK: AJTfl NPOXOAKI,I
f l p o n y ' c x u a x c n o , c o 6 H o c r r , c a M o r e q H b rrxp y , 6 u a r u x A p e H
npoBepffercfi TaK)Ke no yKJrorHy'cof,rra,cHo HSBeCTHbr,M Qoprury-
^
JraM. ll"rrou{aAb}Ke BoAorrpneMHbrxorBepcrufi lo, M2, Ha r lr
AJrHHbrropH3oHTSJrb'HOfO BOAO3a6Opa MOX(HO paccrIHTbIBarbIIo
Bbrpax{eHHro
fo : etl864oop
{2g;r, (ilr)
rAe Qr:QlL - Yagnlnr_rrt p - xogdsuunerrr
_npuroKHa I u, rvrs/(cyr.rvr);
pacxoAa, panHufr 0,6-0,62; g - ycKop,eHHecso6oAHoronaAeHHs,u/cz;
nr- c p e , q H H f rH a n o p I I a A B O A o n p H e I v r H b r M H
C T B e p C T H . f l M HM, .
I{ncno ornep'crnri H paccrofiHne Mex(Ay .HHMH
onpeAeJrfl-
rI fvl T n
rCv t' r rf T
r vf l v2 q9 A
1 qI Ir r4r lr' vI .rIrLrIJA l r t r t nr-:ttf,tA,Trnrt
l{rrqivrvryJ
n ra"^nn
LrAfl\-rr v
nahn h
urllfEPU
mtrr
L nn.
r-Tr'^..^--
. 4{.naMtrlP
oreepcrnfi Hnv HHIKHHxuleneri npoBepflror no 3acbrnKe. Pnc. 48. Cxerrlac[creMH HBnB c nyrreBbtMBoAo-
PacxoA ropa3oHTaJrb,Hbrx
tBoAo3a6oponB _cHCTeMe HBilB sa6opolr
a - nra:ai ,l - uu$NlsTpaIIIroHHbIe6accefisr\ 2 -
cJleAyer paccqHTbrB&Tb
c yqeroM He ro/rbKo Hcroq,HHKoBnHTa- BoAoBgA,nurarclqHft ugSunrrpaquoHHbre 6acceft-
. Hbt; 3 - c6opnrrfi BoAoBoA ulaxrnbtx KoJroAueB
t lyqeBoro soAosa6opa;
! - c _ 6 o p n r r f tp e 3 e p B y a p ;

t82
 oAHoro fiytra ucno,'lbsyrorABe tpy6ur; cHaqaJranpoxoAKy Be- TaKI {X y, CJr O BHnxoco6eHHo cyuecr Be, HHoe SHaqeHHeHM er or cy-
Ayr rpyoorl 6o,rtruero AHaMerpa H SareM MeHbuero n?aMer- poBble KJIHMarnqecKue ycJroBufl c npoAoJr)r(HTeJrbHofiu ,BeclMa
p a ; p a 3 I I H q aA H a ' M e r p o By c r a H a B J r H B a e r cofK
l o J r o5 0 v r n , tB. u e . xon oAnor l eunaof t , a r aKlKe Bo3M olKHO CTbnpoM ep3aHVr f l,BO AO -
Koropblx cJryqaflx rrpoxoAflTcHaqaila Jryq npouuoli cranrnofr H OCHbTXTO pH3O HTO H B no. r r HO er r poM ep3aHHe gr aNI of i M Hof Hx
rpy6ofi; 3areM B Hee BCTs:BJrfrcr peK.
Qu.rrbrp-ryr{MeHb[rero AHa-
Merpa, a flepByrorpy6y H3BJreKarcr. 3ro, B rracrHocrH,BbrroA- O Auuu H3 Bo3M o) KHbr xBapr 4aHToB[ of lyr {eHuf l noAseM Hbr x
HO,KOfAa BOAOHOCHbTe neCKHUMeIOTKpyTIHOCTb SepeH( I Urrl BOA rrpH HCKyC,CTBe,HHOM rLX BOCnOJTHeHHH MOX{er ,6Urn OTTAT4-
(6es rpaBnfl H rannxu) . Vron Mex(Ay flyqaMu rpr.rHuMaror B aHr 4eM er p3Jr blxnopoA, BM ecTHM o, cTb KoTopbr x HHO TAaHCnO / I b-
He MeHee 30o. Cra.ntHtre rpy6tr no46nparor no' pacrrery 3yeTCfi AJIfl H,CKyCCTBCHHOTO BocnOJIHe,HI{fiIIOfl3€MiHbIX BOA.
AI{aMerpoM oKoJro 75-250 MM. H ecuor p r , Ha, ue6nar onpuf lTHbr e ycJr oBHf lHcKyccr BeHHof o Boc-
!,uanaerp uraxrHoro KoJroArIa,o6rruuo xenego6eroHHoro rroJr HeHHfnoA3eM HbI XBO A B O 6. UaCr UM HO f O Jr er UefM i ep3Jr O TbI ,
o r r y c K H o f o n, p H H H M a r oor K o / r o2 - 5 M B 3 a B H C H M O COTTH' C n O - raxoli M er oA f lBJr f ler cq nep, c[ er ( THBHbTMH y] Ke npHM eHf ler cf l Ha
co6a ilpoAaB/IHBaHLtfl, rpy6-"rry.rer?. I(ax<4ar rpy6a-.rryu, Bxo- ceBepo-BocroKeASHHCCCP (II. T. Morpuu, 1966- 1973rr.) .
Aflrrlafl B uraxrulrr? KonoAerl,,cua6x<aercfl saAnuxxofi. BoAo- 3ro o6rrgHfercfl TeM,rrro Afif psl,a o6rexroB,rAe rpe6yercn
noAbeMHHxo6lr.rHo pacnoJrafarorB rrraxTHoMKoJroAqeB Br{Ae rosnrlr,crBe'HHo-nHTbeBafl
BoAa,SHnAOri
ee He XBaraer HJIHcoBCeM
BeprHKaJrbHofo HJ\HnpH,coorBercrByrrlHxycJroBHflxropH3oH- Her r{ npHXoIHTcr rpa,HcrroprupoBarbLrs1aJreKa.
Ans HeKoro-
TaJrbHoroueuTpo6exuoro gJreKTpoHa'coca. PaccrosHue Mex{Ay pbrx o6reKroe s ycJroBnflx,MHoro.nerueri
Mep3Jrorbr,ce6ecrou-
rrraxrHbrMH KoJroArIaMH flyqeBbrxsoAoea6opoB[p]r yKa3aHHbrx Mocrb I u3 rroBepxHocrsori 14no4seuuoli BoAbr AocTuraer
BbrrrrecxeMax oIIpeAe/rflroT sogrvrox(uofi npoxo4rofi Jryqa- I py6.u 6oree.
Qu"utrpa (paeHo 4nofi;uoliero 4.uuHe). I4cxy,ccrBeHHoe,BocrIoJIHeHHe
Bo3Mox{HoB,}raAMep3Jror,Hbrx,
.Ilyuenue no4osa6opu npHMeHflrorB necrraHo-rpanHfiuo- Me>KM O p3JI O THbI HX[ O AM ep3JI O THbI X
r lO A3eM HbI X r BO [ 8X, a TaK-
raJrerrHaKoBbrx orJrox(eHuflx6es na.uyHon.B raKux nopoAax xe, KaK 'M bI ynoM I {HaJI H, B M ep3/ r bI X nO pO Aax r r pH l, r x oTTaH-
BalKHa npuMecb rpaBufl kr raJrbKH,qro6u npn gKcnJryarauuu B aHHr {. B 6o. nr ur uHcr Be cr yr r aeB uuQ nnr , r paunf f qe. necoo6-
ue 6uLuo[ecKoBattfl,. Oreepclua Qu.ulrpa Mox(,Ho paccrruTbr- pa3Ha qepe3 r r or aoular culHe 'cKBax( HHbr B ; oTAeJr bHbr xcf lyqaf lx
tsarb no ra6.uuqe npoxoAHbrxornelp,crufi(,cu. ra6.u. 16). Pac- AJIff BOCflOJIHCIHHfl ,HBAM€p3JIOTHbIX BOA MOX(HOnpHMeHflTb I.IH-
qer ryqeBoro eoAosa6opaB cucreMe HBilB BeAercffuo o6n.r- Qn.nsr par I HoHHbI e6accef t Hbr ,Ho r oJr bKo , B Jr er Hur i nepuo. u. 9r o
HoMy MeroAy cynepilognrlr.rfi-e nnnnufi peKH rro Bbrlflensflo)KeH- onp eAeJr f ler cr cyponof i snuof i, Kor op af f 1lt r r cf l Ha ceBepe oKo-
Hofi cxeMe H unSu.nlrpsr{HoHr{brX'6a,ccer?Hog. Teoperu,recxurt Jro 8 M e, c. Ann BoAonpoBoAf lulnx r aJr HKoB ( Ha4naep3Jr or Hbr x
pacqer roJrbKo oAHoro Jrlu€Boro BoAoga6opa ,B ornaeqeuuofi BoA), rro MarepuaaaM JI. T. Morpuua, paccMarpnBarorcfl cJre-
CXeMe C.ryoX{eH V K TOMy x(e HyX(HO yqHTbI'BaTb BJIHflHHe HrH- A yro r uue, ct t oco6bI HcKyccr BeHHor o BocnoJr HeHHf f .
QunrrpauHoHHbIx 6accefiuoe. Pac.reru c Ao[oJrHHTeJrbHbrM llepexauxa BoAbt r{3 Toro x(e ropn3oHTa B Haqafle oceHr{
yrreroM uHSu,urrpauuoHHbrx6accefiHoe MoxiHo l{cnoJrb3oBarb r{3 HHx(Hero (no reqeHHrc) yuacrxa noA3eMHono noroKa .B
H 3 p a 6 o r f . A . P a s y u o n a H r p y r r { x a B r o p o B .P a c c , r u r b r B a r b nepxHnf i yqacr oK - Bbr r ue noAosadopa. Taxof t cnoco6 npnM e-
nyuenofi BoAoBa6opryrrure MeroAaMnQusnuecKoroMoAeJrHpo, Hfl,Jrr4ilpH BoAoHocHbIX ropn3oHTax, HMeFouIux xoa$QuuueHT
BaHHfl:c rroMorrrblo ,Mero.qaSfnA (n qa,crHocrH,,H2gJreKTpo- gu" r r m paqlr H 200- 250 u/ cyr , M oulHocr n B- 10 u, r HApaBJr Hqe-
^---..o- n nn 1 n nnn .- *^a...^ ^K.^^^ c. 1n - t^ rr---
rtpoBoAHorrr 6ynrare), B )Kr.rAKocTH, a raKx(e EocrIpoHgBeAe,HHeM u l l t 4 t l y r 1 ' J r u r l \ . r r v u r - v r u L r J n Atrunr buAUJauuPa u-tv JlJc. L nA-
ceroqHbrxMoAeJrer?. MoxHo BoonoJIbgoBarbcfl oJrei(TponHTerpa- poreoJrofHqecKr.rft pacueT B sToM cJryqaec yqeToMrpaHHqHbrx
ropoM B. C. .Ilyxnn,uoBa. yc.rronafi(n,uacr- no"noca) rtpu nocrosHsori orKarrKeHg oKc-
flJryararrHoHHoroBoAo3a6opa, a raK]Ke npH nepHoAH.recKorl
l - n a e a X I I I . n P O E K T H P O B A H HCEI , I C T E M
I,IBnB orKaqKe H gaKaIIKeAJIfl BocnoJIHeHHfl BeAyr o6nquuM rr{Apo-
A H HaM HTI eCKHM M eTO AO M Ailf l HeyCTaHO BHB[ I er O CfABHX{eHHf l f
B O C O E b I XY C J I O B H f l X B oAbr . f lpu r aKHX ycJI oBHr x B AoJI HHe p. EoxaHqu, t r paBor o
I H O F O JEIT H E HM E P 3 J I O T b I
1 . P A I ' I O H bM npnTor ( a p. Ko"r r uM br ,[ epeKaqKa BoAbr yBeJr Hr r HBaJrnpexHuf a i
Mep3Jroruo6uqHo BbrAeJIflIoT
B o6"nacTHMHoroJreruefi ,HaA- A e 6 u r B o A o 3 a 6 o p a B s H M r { e - B e c e u n u fnt e p n o A B 1 , 5 p a s a .
Per ynnpoBaHue BanacoB noAM ep3Jr or Hbr xBoA c noM or r lbr o
M e p 3 J I O T ] H b r e ,M e ) K M e p 3 J I O T H b l e H IOAMep3/rOTHbIe nOASeMHble
6 a p p a x n q e J r e c o o 6 p a s u o n p n M e l r f r T bn p n 3 r { a r { r { r e J r b H o M
npo-
Ans ucr(yccrBeHHoroBocno/rHeur{nnoAseM,Hbrx
BoA B
:::" 185
 yKJrOHeAoJrHHbr(0,001-0,05 fi 6o.nee) H MoruHocrH cna6ocoJleHbre'BoAbr.3areu crafitr ocyilrecrBJrflrbQunnrpauHro
AoJTbHOM
orJrox(eHrafiB-10 M. Taxue ycJroBi{fiHMercTCfBO MHO|HXAO- noBep,\Hocruoligonu qep€3 KoJroAUbr. B Hacroffrqee BpcMf
ilr4lax pex 6accefrHap. Konuun. rlpoBoAflrcfl pa6orur no I4BnB Ha rroHHXeHHbrxyqacrKax
[Io4nuruBaHHe uHcpunmparluoHHbrMH c orcraHBaHHeMH 3areM c uHQn"rrbrparrHeri s 6accefiuax; npH
cKBaxilHaMH.Mex-
Mep3JrorHbre H noAMep3JrorHbre
BoAbrB neruufi nepr{oA STOM BCKpbrBarcTCfl .nOKpOBHbre orreHb c,rra6onpoHHIraeMble
peKo-
-noAor?, I{JIHCTO -TJI HHIICTbIC OT.TIO}I(CHHfl .
MeHAyercflnoArraTbrBarb6o,neereu.noli orrnureHuofi uro
cosAaer 6naronpHflTHbrerefiJroBbreycJroBHfl.fnAporeororHqe- I,IBilB B TaKbrpax npuMerrflJrocb MHoro coTeH,a Molr(er
cxvtft pacrrer B STOMcJryqae MolKHo BecrH H3BeCTHbrMtI 6nrrr H TbrcrrrJrer roMy HasaA, KorAa B ny_crbrHnxKapa-Kyvra
Mero-
U APYTUX KOqCBHHKHIACJIH CBOH CTAAA. C rCX NOP .OXP AHH-
AAMH.
'JIHcb IIoTJIoIqaPIIIHe KoJIoAIlbI, qepe3 KoTopble nocrynae'T cToK
HcxycctBeHHoeco3AaHI{eTaJTHKoB nyreM rr{ApaBJrgrrecKoro
I,I aJIeKTpHrIecKoro
orrauBaHuq. Cnoco6 HcnoJrbgyercrnpu Ha- J_I_HjrHe_Bbrx AoxAeri n soAoHocrrbre necKLr. Oco6euHocilio raKoro
ilHqHH Mep3JrbrxnopoA. Sror cnoco6 npuMepHo B l0 pag Ao- I'IBilB flB/IflJlocb BbITecHeHI4enpecHbrMn rroBepxHocrHhrMH Bo-
polKe ruAp aBJrHqecr{ofooTTaHB aHHfl. A aMH CO Jr eHbr xr p_yHToBbr xBoA r r acr o c M HHepar HsaqHef i 40
HcxyccrBeHHoe BocnoJIHeI{He 30 r/n H 6onee. B pesyJr br ar e o6pasoBbr Bar r acb Jr HH3a npec-
B cKBo3rrbrxraJrl{Kax nyreM
orKar{KHB nerHHr?.nepHoA.B sTOM Cryqae npu oAHoBpeMeH- [rbrx BoA, nJraBarcurafl Ha coJreHbrx fpyHToBbrx BoAax. Taxue
sor? HHTeHcHsHori uu$u"rrrrparIHH 6onee rerrJrbrxBoA co3Aaer- JIHHgbr fipecHbrx BoA ueo6xoAunao 3Kcn/ryarupoBarb c Heo6xo_
cfl 6onatuan eMr{ocrb railr4Ka flpu orraHBaHHH,H nOA3eMHbte ,E ' H M bI M HnpeAoc_TopoxHO cTf lM H,a HM eHHo: oTKaqHBaTb npeC-
BoAbrK oceHn prr\,reror H bre BoAul c He6oJr br uHlr noHH) KeHHeMr {Jr H O AHO BpeM eHHO O T- '
6o"neeBbrcoKyloreMneparypy.
HcxyccrBeHHoeBocnoJrHeHHe K aqH Bar b n coJr eHbr er pyHToBbr e BoAbr , ur o6n npeAor Bpalqar b
noA3eMHbrxBoA AalKe B cypo.
Bbrx ycJroBHflxKpafiuero cenepa no sKoHoMHrrecKHM IIpHTOK sTHx COJIeHbIXBOA r 3r{CrrJryaTarIHoHHbrM CKBaX(HHaM,
IIpHsHa-
KaM KoHr(ypeHrHocnoco6uo npeAHa3HaqeHHbrM lrJrn noryrreHufl rpecHbrx BoA. fuApoA,usa_
no cpaBHeHr{roo ApyrHMr.rHcrorr-
HHKaMUBoAocHa6x<eHus (crr,r. MHqecKHe pacIIeTbI BoAo3a6opon AJrfl noJryrreHgfl npecHofr .BoAu
rnany XVI).
B onHcaHHbrx_ycJroBHflx
flpoexrupoBaHue cr{creM HBilB B pafionax MHoroJrerHeri H3Jrorygrybr
n pa6orax H. C. InaeyHo-
Ba n H. f. Illee.reHKo
r\{ep3lrorbrcJreAye'rBbrnoJrHflrbc yrreroM rpe6onaHufi CHnII ( lgb8, 1960rr. H Ap.).
rr-31-74q. II, r.n._31,rn. 14.95-14.138.
B qacrHocru, Paurure B HeKoropbrxnycrbrHrx Ha 'raKbrpHbrx cucreMax
rrpu I,IBTB
npoeKrHpoBaHHHI4BnB ueo6xoAuMo yrrurbrBarb HsMeHeHHe ocHoBbrBaJrocbAa)KeBoAocHa6>xesue aynon; B Hacror-
reMneparypHbrx yc.nonHii B rpyHrax ocHosaHHficoopyxeHnft *UICCBPCMfl PflA AYJIOB B NYCTbIHflX HCNOJIbsYCTTAKHC CHCTCMbI.
nPH CrpoHTeJrbcrBeH gKcnJryaTa\nH Lr npeAycnaaTpHBaTb Heo6xoAuMocrb co6"nroAeHnrsKoJroRn.recKrax ycnonufi, o6ec.
He-
o6xoAnmue MepottpnflTHflrrporr{B 3aMep3aHur BoAbr sr.rl,rorlB neqr{Ba}ourHxBosMo}KHocrbsKcrrJryarauHHI4BIIB B raKbrpax
c u c r e M a xL I B I I B . MOlr{HO npo HJrJrro crp r{_poJ arb cJreAyrorrrHM rrp HMep ona.H a oAHo M
K p J n H O M - r a K b r pB
e x x B . 6 u n a p e K o H c r p y H p o B a Hcar { c r e M a
I4B[B. floxpuBarouyrc raKbrp rrrHHy crany' paspa6arbrBarb
2 . A P H A H b I EP A H O H b T AJrffCTp^OHTeJrbHbrx qsrerl, rroBepxHocrbraKbrpa r{3pbrJrH Kapbe-
paMH. 3arem ycrpor{JrH B3JrerHo-nocaAorrHyro rrJrorqaAKyAJrfl
.n nn apuAHbrx o6nacrefi B cBfl3u q Bbrcor(HMrrcnapeHueM
R O n F ' l x. ^2_ rn* r- ,K- _Tr e
- -n
_ I{n ITT'TnOI{nO ntnrrnnnrnqrrorrrrA r n \ r r rr^.^rv^Dl Dr lL.lr^v n rr- caMoJreroB,a goAoc6opHyroceTb yHHrrrox{HJ\H. B CnssHc 9THM
r*__-.1_ _ yJ vv
iT iT.rit -t ni ar L cI Titral . r i s nn
irvAi
nToTlLrhryLYv
di\DrpiiDl^
nn\rrrhnh
i pyi-i iui'bi.r( I'uA
JreHbrxBoA. 3Aecl BcrpeqaroTcf npecHbrerroA3eMHbreBoAbr,Ko- iipecHbiMli AoIKAeBbIMI{

TopbreB pffAe Mecr B 3aBr.rcaMocrnor ycnonuft 3aJreraHufl BOAaMHrrpeKparHJrocb H npH seco6,uroAeHHH orMeqeHr{brxBbr-
HMeror HeKoropbreoco6eHuocrH, a HMeHHo:JtHH3brnpecHblx me gKoJrorHr{ecKHX rpe6onanur? npn orKaqKe fpyr{ToBbrxBoA
BOA,nJIaBarOU{He Ha COJIeHbTX,
rrOASeMHbre HacrynHJro 6ucrpoe Hx sacoJroHeHHe. B pesyJrbrare sToro
npecHbreBoAbIB Ta-
xblpax cpeAr.r coJreHbrx BoA (n Ha Hux) H Ap. Kportre roro, Ipu_IlrJrocbJrHKBHAHpoBarb xpynuurl iloceJioK (no AanHbrM
pacnpocrpaHeHbrc.na6ocoJreHbre BoAbr,npnroAHbreAJrflBoAonos B. H. I(yuuua, 1959 r.) flo renaxe AaHFrbrM B noc. 3eafrrn B
cKora v npr HeAocrarKe npecHbrxBoA B pr,u,epafioHon nocJre rrycrblHe l(apa-Kapa BoAocHa6xeuHeocHoBaHoHa I,lBnB B
onpecHeHHflAJrffnHTbeBbrxue,rrefi TaKbrpe_H_ npecHafl BoAa noJiyqaercfl B o6lrleu xopoixefo Ka-
rlecrBa. Moxuo flpnBec.rHpn/' Apyrgx rrpnMepon,xor4a HBilB
B Cpeaneli AsHH H paHbrue co6Hpanu B raKbrpbr noBepx-
Hocrr{He npeeHbreBOAbr,Koropbre SunnrpoBaJrucbqepea cJra- H3 raKbrpoepa6oraer xopouo.
6onpoHHI{aeMbre cyfJr14HKH;raK HaKaIrJrHBaJrHcb
r-rpecHbre
l{/ll{ 187
 fipecntte noAsetvrHbleBoAr,t BcTpeqarorcrl
'crenenvt B nycrbliifix tloA h y c ' t r , r n l t >( 1 9 6 3 r . ) . O x n a x o B 0 n p o c b t r { c r ( y c c r s e H f i o r oB O c .
_
6apxauaMH,KoTopbieB HsBecruor? flBJrflrorcflnoncKo- noJrHeHHrB pasuoo6pagllblx ycJroBnflxapHAHoroK,rrnMaraH B
BbrM noKa3aTeJreM. oAnaxo He noA BceMH 6apxauaMr{HaKar- o c o 6 e u H o c r uB 3 a r 4 M o A e f i c r s ncq c o J r e H b r MB n o A a M Hn o K a p a J .
JruBaro'Tcfl npecHbreBoAbr. I_lp" 6naronpHflrHbrx ycJroBuflx 3a_ p a 6 o r a H b ro q e H b M a J r o .B a p r r A H b r xp a r ? o u a xH e p e A K o B c r p e -
npecHbrxBoA i\{ox(HoyBeaHr{HrbHcKyccrBeHHbrM pacnpe- qaroTcfl ycJroBHf, KofAa B LorrwP^axpacxoA BoAbrB peKax rre
51:ot
AeJreHHeM BOA noBepxHocTHofocroKa H HX nocJreAyrciltefiHH- TOJIbKOCI4JTbHO MeHfeTCr, HO B MeX(eHbnper(paulaeTcf, a B
Suanrpauner?.flpu sroM oAHo r.r3BalxHefiruuxycnonHr?- npe- I-IeKoropbrx cilyqalx AslKe naBoANosuricroK 6Heaer Aocrarorr-
AOXpaHHrbnpecHbreBoAbr or sacoIreHHfl,B OCO6eUHOCTH nprl H bIM pa3 B HeCKO JTbKO
Jr eT.
sKCIrJryaTar\LrIlI.
B p"aa paftouon seMHofo uapa rpoAoJr>Karor r{cnoJrb3oBarb 3 . P A l l O H b l B b I C O K O I ZC E I ' l C M H r H
t OCTH
IIIlcTepHbIKaK rIoJIbIe'TaK n 3anoJIHeHHbIe necKoM AJIfl IIoJIy-
qeHHfl 3anacoB noA3eMHbrxBoA. IIp" B par ?oHax c cer lcr uuqHocr br o 6o. nee 7 6a"[ . [ os npH r r poet ( -
A/rHTeJrbHoM xpaHeHHr4i
BoAa B noJIbIxIIHcTepHaXnopTHTcfl,a B 3anoJlHeHHbIx necKoM rH po BaHHH coopyxeuHf i B cHcr eM ax I 4B[ B cJr eAyer yqHr Ll-
He nopTuTcfl, Kar{ B BoAoHocHoMropu3oHTe. K ganaAy or tsarb rpe6onaunn CHufI II-3L-74, qacrb II, rJr. 31,
AeJrbrbrp. Hu.ua paHee croflJrH r{HcrepHbr,nocrpoeHrrbreeu{e) a TaI(N(e AoIIOJIHHTCJIF,HO K HeMy H3MeHeHIlfl THApOTeOJIO-
BO BpeMfl Punncxofi HMnepHH,o6ulerl BMec'ruMocrbrooKoflol |I,IqECKHX, HH}KCI]CPHO-|COJIOfI,IqCCKH1
X4 T H A P O J I O f H q C C K H X Y C -
4000 u3. 14 roJrbr(oB HarraJreXX B. Hx BoccraHoBHJrH Aafl BoAo- nosufr npH seMJrerprceHHH.Crzcreutr 14BllB ,r?ue Bcero yc'r-
cHa6xeHuq (A.nn.[UaSa, 1952). n nn rleHrpaJrn3oBaHHoro Bo- paI{BaIor B peqHbrxAoJrHHaxHa nepnoli uaAnorlueusoirreppa-
Aocua6xeHur r. A4eua, rAe cpeAHeroAoBoe KoJrHqecrBo, ocaA, ce H AalKe Ha BbrcoNofrnoliMe c rroAcbrlrKofivtnu orpa]KAeHHr-
KoB cocraBJrfle'rorono 30 MM B roA, AolKAeByroeoAy co6npa- MH BaJraMpr or rraBoAKos.Bo BpeMflseMJrerprceHufis oco6eH-
IIHcrepHbIo6ufefi BMecrHMocrbro50 rtrc. M3 (BuntcoH,, Hocru 6o.nee7 6annoB B peKax HepeAKorroBbrruaercff ypoBerrb
P: I
1 9 0 3r . ) . BoAbrBbr[re Ha6nroAaeMoroB o6rrqnnx ycJroBHflxrrpH naBoA-
I4cro.rHr.rxolrnoflyrreHuff rrpecHbrxnoA3eMHbrxBoA B npe,u,- K a x . 3 a r e u B A o a H H a x p e K A J r r I , I B n B H c r o J r b 3 y r o T cBf lo A o -
ropHbrx pariouax, a MecraMH H B paBHr{HaxrrycrbrHbcJryx(ar HOcHbIerop H3oHTbI, np Hyp orieHHble I( p bIXJII>IM aJIJIIOB
HaJIbHbIM
JrofH, croK no KoropbrM rrpesBbrrraliHo HepaBHoMepeH. E6,rrt- orJrolKeHvr f l. MllocneAHne
. npu 3eM Jr er pr ceHnf lx B cBr 3H c Ha-
Iuyrc qacrb foAa, a ro H B Te-qeHHe pflAa Jre'T3TH Jrofra6rrearcr, cbru {eHHocr br osoAor ? pe3Ko yxyAualor conpor uBJr eFr ns Har py3-
CYXHC, A BO BPCMfl OI{CHb PCAKHX CHJIbHbIX AOXACfi K aM H or HH) KeHepHbr xcoopyxenuf i ( s4aHr r n, pe3epByapbr , Bo-
PACXOAbI:
AocrHraror coreH rur'/c (saua4HbrecKJroHbrKoner-fiafa); np]r A o B o A b rH A p . ) .
sTOM tsOAa6Unaer oqeHb uryruofi H npeBparqaercf r{Hor.(aB; Bo4oHocnrte ropH3oHTbr, npHypoqeHHbre K Tper qHHo-
rpfl3eBoftnorox. B raxux ycJIoBHsxneo6xoArauoMHoroJrerFr€€: BarbrM H 3aKapcroBar{nbrM [opoAaM, o6nuno pearHpyror
peryJIHpoBaHHe 3anacoB noA3eMHbrxBo,[.H npeABapHTeJrbHoer yponuefi H aeQopMaqHrMH
Ha 3eMJrerpflcerrfl.H3MeFrer{krflMkr
HX OrCrAHBaHr4e. IUrfl l\ailnuefirtefi floBepxHocruofi unQvrntrpa- nopoA 14,B qacrllocrn, cABHTaMH H o6pasonaHHfl,MH TpeurHrr,
r\r4Lr.Baxuo nu6part yqacroK Ail'- HaKa[JrHBaHHfr 3anacoB; oro Bbr3blBaerHe roJIbKo H3Mer{eHwn ge6vroB crrcreM I4Bn]1,
noA3eMHbrxBoA no eMKocrH, Qu,nllpaqr{oHHbrMcgor?creax,Ir4i Ho H aBapwLtcoopylKennfi.
HaJrHrrHrocoJreHbrxBoA. llpn 6.naronpHflTHbrxycJroBHffxcroK B parloHax c ceficuuqHocrbrocBbrllre7 6a.rroe no CHnfI
uI LTvnLr Tv) uf n rrr T
r rt rur vanvJ l l r f v v rrDuAu rr Jl l L rn
r\JlYl
rr t!n ^nn r rr^rrrrrr
r)\-rLll\-r./LFtEflrtrL II\JA\jElYlllDlx rl ptru||blA.
n n r l n r f , n r r n r r n m n d h d t r t r a n n n n l r a r t l f t
rYrsy\JrrPrLlaLrrrL
r f
fLt.E
r r o n r r r n n m r t
'1(l\.rrrvL. lrl,
n n t t
LryyL (a J - J O
PEr\\JtvrErrAJErL.rr IJtaA
BoA Mox{er o6ecneqHrn norpe6Hocrr.ro6texros Ao l0 n/c w 6annax ilpeAJraraercr ycrp anBarb ABa He3aBucr4Mbrx HcrorrHLI-
6onee. B raxzx ycJroBuflxI{BI-IB HccJreAoBaHo HeAocraroqHo., Ka BoAocHa6x<eHHR, a npu 9 lannax ueo6xoAnMoAeJIaTbga-
IIp, uHQu.nrrpaquanpecHbrxBoA H3 KaHaJroBrrponcxoAuTor- nacr-rbreeMKocru B pe3epByapa4. CoopyxeHHfl ueo6xoAHMo
TecHeHHecoJreHbrxBoA. flp" sKcrrJryaTarlHn JrHHsrrpecHbrxBOA" n p o e K r u p o B a r bp a c c p e A o r o q e H H o3.a . n o x e H H er p y 6 o n p o e o A o n
Ha coJleHbrxBoAax, qro6nr us6exarb rrocrynreHlle:
n.,TaBarorllHx rro rroBepxHocrn3eMJrlIHe peKoMeHAyercfl. IIpH rrpoeKTHpoBa-
coJreHbrx
BoA B 3oHy npecHbrxBoA,orKarrHBaror He roJrbKonpec- HHH coopyx<enufiI4B[B s cer?crvrnqecKnx pafioHax oqeHb Ba)K-
HbIe, HO H COJIeHble BOAbI. uo co6.nroAarbnpHHqHnHesaBHcHMocrH pa6oru H ynpaBJreHHfl
MeroAur(a eKcnJryararrr.rn
noAseMHbrxnpecHbrxBoA B apuA- oAHoTr{[Hbrxcoopy]KeHufi, H.anprrMeporAeJlbHbrxcKBa)r(Hr{rI
HbIx pafiouax u MeronHKarnAporeoJrorr{rrecKgx
pacrreroBAoc- HX rpy[n c BoAoBoAaMH, pe3epByapaMH, nu$n.nlrpaqHoHHblMH
Taror{Ho noApo6uo AaHbr n pa6ore <<.IIHHsbrnpecHbrx BoA daccefiuaMllH coopy)KeHuflMupasnoro HaslraqeHr{f : npn HaJrH-
188 189
 gHt,I OTCTOfiH?IKA
rleJrecoo6pasno
npelycuorpeTb rat()ftenoAarry
H C XOA H OT ?B o Ab r B nHcpnnrrpaqr{oHrrbre Meponp_HnrnirH'rpe6onaHufr, Koropbre6yayr paccMorper^-
6accer?lru,MHHya HH)Ke.LINleercqB BHAy,rrTocaHgrapHbre
OTCTOI:IHHI{. ycJroBgflMoryr 6um
yflyr{ueHbr, a B cBtr3H c STLIM II KaqeCTBO, flOBepXHOCTHbIX BOA
4 . T IP H MOP C K T,IE
P A H OFIbI
KaK HcrorrHuKaHB[B. 3a co6lnAeHHeM Meponpunrufi, npo-
rlpra 3KcnJryalsrr,rrH
npra6pexHbrx npecHbrxnoA3eMHbrxBoA, BoAHrcfl caHHrapuufi HaA3op. Bce caHHrapHbreMeporpufl,r]f.fl,
MolKer nocrynarb coJrenaflMopcKar BoAa. rlro6u npeAorBpa_ BbITIOJIHflIOTCflB COO'TBCTCTBHHC <<OCUOBAMH BOAHO|O 3AKOHO.
THTb nOCTylJIeHHecoJreHbrxBoA B BOAOHOCHITfi roplaeour, yc- AareJlbcrBa Corcsa CCP kr coro3Hbrxpecny6.nHK)>,fOCTamn,
TpaHBaro'rruApaBrnqecKufi 6apaep Mex(Ay MopeM H yr{acrKoM yKa3aHHfMr4, npaBHJraMHH pacnopflx(eHr.rfMHMHuIacrepcrB
aKcnJryarar{Hr.r noA3eMHbrxBoA co3AaHHeMHcKyccrseHnofi HH- 3ApaBooxpaHeHHs cccP H coro3Hbrxpecny6.rrHx(c nx opfaHH-
' s_qgulruir). Baxnuu HopMartrBHbrMMarepHaJroM sBJrflercf
Qu"rrrrpaqHH npecHbrx BoA. Ans uuQunrrp^pacxoA
ar{HH coopyx(aro,T
6acceliHu HtrrvrnorJrourarcuruecKBalKuun. BoAbr AJrfr CHufl lI-31-74.
co3AaHnfl 3auIHTHororHApaBfir.rqecKoro 6aprepa paccquTbrBa-
rcr o6H.rHbrM|HApOAHHaMHTIeCKHM n4eroAou,a uuorAa 6anan- 2 . n o f l c A ( 3 o H b r ) C A H H T A P H O IOI X p A H b l
coBbrM MeroAoM rro AaHHbrMHa6"rrrcAenufisa pexanaonnnoA_
SeMHbrxBo,4,. B 3aBHcHMocrH or ycJroswfi,u Bo3MolKuocreri3arpfl3HeHufl
B 3OHeCaUUrapHOri OXpar{brycraHaBJrrdBar,or ABa noflca: flep-
-Ans npeAynpex{AeH,fl nocrynJreH'ff coJreHbrxBoA B BoAo- sbrfi - c'rpororo pelKHMa vr nropor?- c orpaHHqeHHflMH.
s,a6op npu paccMarpllBaeMblxycJroBnflxpacqer Mox<HoBecrrr llp"
oe3 raApaBJrHqecKofo6aplepa, Ho c orpaHHr{eHHeM HcrroJrb3oBaHr{lt _rioBepxHocrHblxBoA AJrfl OCHOBHbTX COOpy)Ke-
paCXOAa
noAosa6opa. Pac.rer BeAercfi rHApoAHHaMHrrecKHM Hnft cHcreMbrI,IBilB ycTaHaBJrnBaror ABa noflca. finn BbrxoAr-
MeTOAOM
urrrr 6a"uaHcoBbrM no AaHHbrMsa6nroAeunft sa pex(HMoM noA_ trlux or clrcrerr,luHBIIB eoAoeoAoBK ltorpe6ure.ryrcHa3Haqa-
SeMHbrxBoA. ror o6H.rHHe oxpaHHbrecaHi{TapHbreMeponpnrrtfl,, a BoAo-
socsrrri ropr{3oHT3a npeAeJraMH rrepBoro noflca Mo}Ker 6nrt
BKrFOrreH B sOHy OrpaHHrreHnft(nroporl nonc) B 3aBHcr.rMocrH
F,na n a xlv. cAHI,trAPHAfloxpAHA cHcTEM HBnB o'T MecrHbrxcaHHTapHbrx yc"nonHfi.opranH3arrHfl3oH caHHTap-
uorl oxpaHbrcoorBercrByer HopMarHBaMCHrEfl II.3l -74 u ca-
l . 3A A A q H HHrapHbrMnpaBHJraMgKcnJrya'raunH cncreM I4BilB, ycraHaB.
cor.rracHopaaae"rry
III <<ocHosBoAnoroaaKoHoAareJrbcTBa J r r { B a e M b r M u H n c r e p c r B o M 3 A p a B o o x p a H e H HCr C C P .
corcsa ccP 14 coro3Hbrxpecny6nux>>AJrfr6Hrosoro u xo- V"nyvueune KaqecrBa rroBepxHocrHbrx BoA KaK HcrorIHHKa
gsricrseHHo-rrHrbeBoroeoAocHa6xeHHqnpelycnaarpHBaercff 14BnB B sHaqHrd"nluoft creneun onpeAeJrfleT ero cxeMy,
oxpaHa noBepxHocrHbrx H [oA3eMHbrx
BoA or sarpnineHur c a raKx(e H KaqeclBo BoAbr.noryr{aeuofi H3 yKa3aHuoficncreMbr.
vcraHoBJreHHeM cooTBercrByroIrIHx
3OH CaUArapHofi floeronly caHurapHbreoxpaHHbreMeponpunrnfl.pacrpocrpaHfi.
oxpaHbr,
'rro 6H o 6 ec neq LrTbHx ca HI4Tap Ho-gr1HAeMHoJrorHr{ecKylo rorcfl Ha rroBepxHocrHbre BoAbr(nropofr nonc).
HaAe)K-
Hocrb. llpu I,IBflB B KarrecrBeHcrorrHnKaBocnoJrHeHuff o6uq- D,ns yqacrKa no4osa6opa rroBepxuocrHbrxBoA crpororo
pex(HMa (nepnurl nonc) B 3aBHCHMocrn or MecrHbrxycJronufi
Irg lcloJrb3yrorcfl rroBepxHocrHbresoAtr. , B cBf 3H C erHM npH
I{BilB ciieAyer npeAycMarpnBarb caHr{Tapnbre oxpaHHbreMe-
NAI'Nl\,l AlJIT\/A'TAcr
rv^\vIrvrrAJvrv/r
\IIT'I TIALILIr\NTL
J/\qsrvrrrrvvru
T\NAL'I'IT
ryqrrrrr+
TTAf\E
rrulJD.JI
/.\F^
lJ
?TN d^O
rrv.a\-4.,
^Trrrh6d
v'1'rrlqfl

ponpHfTHfl noBepxHocrHbrxBoA KaK HCTOqHHT{a Boc[oJrHeHHfl, or BoAoea6opa:

a raKx{e Bcex coopyx{esufi 14BnB, BKJrror{afi soAosa6op no- AJrfl peK H KaHaJroB:BBepx no reqeHnro <200 M H BHH3no
BepxHocrHbrxBoA, ilHrpunbrparrHoHHbre coopyx{eHHf npeABa- reIIeHHro<100 M; no rpurrerarcqeMy K no4osa6opy 6epery
pHTeJIbHOTO H rrocJreAyroueroyJryqileHHfl KaqecrBa BoAbr,pe_ +100 M or JrkrHVH )ape3aBoAbrnpn caMoMee BbrcoKorvr ypoBHe;
SepByapbl' HacocHblecraHUI{H' BoAoBoAbIH ApyrHe coopy- B HarpaBJreHr.rH or npHJrefarouleroK BoAo3a6opy 6epera nplr
>I(eHHf . rur{puHe peKH <100 M Bcfl aKBa'ropprrH nporHBono.no>xHuft
B g a A a q n c a H r r r a p u o f i o x p a r { b r ,T a r ( H M o 6 p a s o n r ,B x o A r , r r 6eper runpHuofi +50 M or Jrr4HHH ype3a BoAbr npn caMoM ee
n p e A y n p e x ( A e H H3ea r p f l 3 H e n n f tn o B e p x H o c r F r b rHx n o A 3 e M H b l x Bbrcor(oMypoBHe;npH rrrHpHHe x{e per(H > 100 M - noJrocaaK-
BOA,a ral()Ke Bcex coopylKeunlicucreNrbrI4BnB. OcyurecrBHrb Ba'ropnu { 100 rur;
T a K O eM e p O n p H f l T HM e OX(HO ilpH pa3pa6orxe H BbrnoJrHeHHH (oeep) -* +100 M Bo Bcex HanpaBJre.
I,ltr BoAoxpaHr4Jrr4ul
Hi{flX IIQ aI(BaropHLI,CqHTaflOT BoAosa6opa,a BAoJrb6epera,
-190
TaKX(e cqrTafl or BoAoga6opd, noJroca urnpuHoirno cyue 6anrepuf.r n 1 u.rr H Bo3MoXHbIenaToreHHnreQopnrn) cJIeAyeT
+100 M npu BhrcueMypoBHesoAhl. A,enart o6utrailr6uoaoru.Iecxuii aHa/Iu3 (6axrepHH, BoAopocJIH'
nns peK H KaHaJIoBrpaHHIrbI3oHbI orpaHuqennfi (nropofi npoctefiluue,
' BHpYcbII{ AP.).
noxc) ycraHaBJrHBarorc yqeroM BosMolKHofo 3arpf3HeHl4fl flpn npoeKrHpoBaHHI{ caHHrapHbIXoxpaliHblx Meponpuntnfrt
BBepx no reqeHurc or no4osa6opa rlpn ABHx{eHHH soALI 3- ,noBepxHocTHblxBoA cJleAlet yqnrblBarb TaKx(e <<lIpaBHJIaox'
5 cyr (n 3aBHcHMocrH or MecrHbIXyc,rroeafi) n peKe npu paHbr noBepxHocrHblxBoA or 3qfp_f3H^e\Hn crotIHbIMHBOAaMA>>
95 % -sori o6ecneqeHHocrupacxoAa, a BHH3no reqeHl{io peKH H3A. MuHsApaea CCCP, 1975) . O6ocHoBaHHe npozsBo4ur
1.tn., -
or eo4osa6opa 1250 M. Eoxoelte rpaHHIlbI Broporo norca Ta op ra HklgaL\zlfr., AJIflKoTop o ft BbIno/IHf IoT rtpoeKTHpoBa HI4e BO
oAoxpaIIHJILIilr I{ 03ep
ycr a Ha BJrHBa rorcfl rro BoAopa 3AeJry.Ans _B a , o c H a 6 x e H u n( n . 1 , 5 y n o n a a H y r o r of O C T a ) .
rpaHHubrBTopororroflcasoHbrcaHHTapHofi oxpaHbl orlpeAeJIfltor, flpoerrupoBaHHe BoH cauurapHofi oxpaHbl BbIIIoJIHflIoTB
r{cxoAn H3 npoAoJI)KHTeJIbHocrH nporeKaHnr BoAbI K BoAosa6o- coorBercrBul,I co craAHflMH Iagucxasufi 14npoeKTupoBagufl
py <5 cyr npH MaKctIMa.ntHoficKopocru reqeHHfl,tr c yrleroM I4BilB (crur.npHJIox(eHHe I). llpn rpoeKrHpoBaHI{HSoH caHH'
croKoBbrxH BerpoBbIXyc,nonuli. rapHoir oxpaHbl oco6euHo BalKHo H3yr{nTbycJIoBHf I'I Bo3}I.o}K-
fl,nn KoMnrleKca cncreM I4B[B I u II rI4rIoB (ax.urcuan HOSTHsarpssHeHufl noA3eMHbIXsoA, ?i HMeHHo:HnnercillvIirCn
rpaBflHbre6accefiun) B soHy crpororo pex(I{Ma (nepnmfi nonc) r4Jrr4 BepoqruHfi HcToqHHK 3arpfl3HeHHfl H ero nbxagareJlu' AJIH-
BKJrroqaercr Bcfl nJIoIqaAKacoopvlKeHulYr. llpu aroM rpaHHUbI Hy rryTu ABI4)KeHI4n [oAgeMHofi soAlr or HcroqrflKa 3arpg3ne-
BbIAeJIeHHoI? nloUIaAH or 6.nnx<afiurero.noA3eMHoroBoAoea6o- Hr4fl,K cHcTeMe14BnB, cKopocru Qu"rllrpaL\Hr4,cop6quoHHble
csor1crga nopoA no oTHoIUeHHIo K xHMHTIecKHM u 1uonofurlec'
K H M 3af pf 3HHTeJI f M , SopM HpoBaHHe I 'lcTO r I HHKa3af pf 3Hellllt '
a TaKX(e nepHoAbl 14 npoAOJIX(HTeJIbHOCTH IICXOAHOTO3arpfl3-
H eHHf l. B npoeKTe soH caHur apnof i oxpaHbl AJI f l cr aAuI ? nPeA-
BapureJrbHor? 14 Aeranruofi pa3BeAKH. cJleAyer Bb.IAeJIffTbrlep-
cucreM I4BnB or HcrorIHHKaBocnoJIHeFIHr nJIoulaAKHcoopy- eH fi r { Br opof t noqca c apr yM eHr alr uef i ux t paHHu.
xesnft 3oHa caHnrapHolioxpaHbl (nepnoro Iloflca) ycrauaBJlu- f lpu onpe1eneHun r paHHU Br opor o llof lca soHbl ca, HHTapHO f i
BbIIIIeyxasaHufi.
Baercfl HcxoAr I{3 IIpHBeAeHHbIx oxpaHbr BocnoJlHfeMoro BoAoHocHOro IOpHSOHTaCJIeAyeT noJlb-
3oBarbcrr yKa3aHLIflMH focy.U,apcrBeHHofi c.aq4tapnofi . I{Hc[eK-
3E
3. NPOEKTHPOBAHH O H C A H H T A P H O IO{ X P A H b I pa6bran,rnB. M. f onil6eptl^[tll
r\HkrLr ony6nr*oBaHHbIMH '
H Ap. , a r aKx{e peKoM eHAaI I Hf lM H 14 yKa3aHHf lM H 128, 29
f l o s c a c a H u r a p H o r lo x p a H b l y c r a H a B J I H B a I o T cHna o c H o B a -
Ap.l
HHrl,H3yqeHHRyc.nonnft,npll Koropblx Bo3Mo)KHo3arpf3HeHple
orMeqeHHbIXBbI[Ie o6texroe cacl'eM I4BflB, a raK)Ke pe- HBnB
nPH SCIIJIyATAUI{H
HABJIIOAEHI4fl
4. CAHHTAPHbIE
syJrbTaroB a*ailHsa noBepXHocrHbIXH noAseMHbIXBoA. flptl
[poeKTHpOBaHHH sTII 3OHbI B K J I I O q a I O T 'B C O C T a B npOeKTa Opranna ar\vlfr.na6nroAeuufi 3a -oxpanofi flolepxHocrnblx'
I4B[B. B npoqecce eKcrIJIyarar\HHI4B[B ocyulecrBrlferct Lr noAseMHblx BOA. AJIq BoAocHa6XeHHq AO.itXsa BXOAHTb
c a H g r a p s u f t H a A 3 o pc o r 6 o p o u n p o 6 H H x a H a J I H 3 o MB. p e - B npoeKT so;rbl caHurqpuol? -oxpaHbI.Cne4yer HMeTb B BI{AY,
d\rnr m.r.Fa r \ , f r \ r - \ / ' Fr rr rrnyr v\ Esl vr \A r rntLDr TvLt aLc r ' ITnTrnnTJI,Te,ITI-I{hIO e2T{I'TRnI{hIe TtD TTD rr^^K.r^ nttrtrn nfin Dn ttrlml- o r r o q t d r . t r 4 l ' T tY I I r A -
oJJrDl(l\, rYrvrJ AVr^v?^r^^ qTO B gllu'l'gryfax yLl)LIl) rlE\J\JA\J/L\flIYI\J rrP\-,D\JA(LID Envr\,[rqrrrzv
;*-^^^^*r^----
(cor.nacuo <flpaeu{3},I rexHur{ecrOft''aKC-
cr(He rta6.rrroAeH?Iff
nJryaraUuH cucreM BoAocl{a6x<eHIas>> l25l u -!9_xoMeHAaIIHgM
no npoBeAeHlo peIKHMHbIXHa6'rrrcAeHHt?...>> [27].
O6ufufi cinurapHtul'ocMorp BoAoeMaH cHcreMbt I,,lBnB
peKoMeHAyercfAeJIarb He pex{e l-2 pa3 B Mecfu. focyeap'
HHfl>>. ireeHHrtft casnrapuufr HaA3op 3a ycrpot?crsolvlH excri"nyara-
B f OCTe Her yKa3aHurlno cucreMavrtr4BflB, Ho ocHoBHbIe rluert cncreM IZBnB ocyulecrBJlflercf opraHaMH caHnrapHo'
c yqe-
HopMaruBbrsroro I'OCTa AoJrlKHbI6ttrl uctIoJIb3oBaHbI erinAeunoJlorl{qecroft cnyx<61r.'CaHurapnuft HaAsop noAKJIlo'
roM cneUusnrll 14BnB. Kpovre natlrpo6noJIorHrIecKHx o6uq- qaercf Ha cTaLVvr npoel(TupoBaHllf.O'IeHl Bax(HO 3apaHee
Hbrx caHI,tTapHblxonpeAeJIeHuit(xo,rH-nHAeKc'o6ulee IIIIcJIo KO'TOPbIE MOTYT IIOBJIII'
YTIHTbIBATb HAMCqACMbIC MCPONPHfl,Tl4fl.,

19? 7-1465 193

 flTb Ha peN(HM (pacxo4, KaqecTno,ypouHH)
noBepxHocrHbrxr{
noAseMHbrx BoA. Hanpauep, Ha oAFro[{Hs yqacrnorJp.
t<ufi roHeq e p."ynu1ut. p..yr,;;;;;";; cenepc- a)
croKa ro cyqecrBy l
CHffTbI NABOAOK H 3ATONJICHHE NOUNAU
H KAK CJICACTBHC3TOrO,
YXYATIIHJIOCb BOCNOJIHCHI,IC9I{CNJIYATAIIHOHHbIX 3ATIACOB
NOA.
seMHbIx soA.

I-ua ea xv. I4gyTIEHHE eKcnJIyATAI{HH

C H C T E MH B N B
I . 3 A A A T I H I { C O C T A BH A E J I I O A E H H I T t2
o

Psc.49. Cxeua cncreMbr HBnB . .Bilgli1#ri" AonorrHHreJIbHbIxna6rrcAareJrbnbrx

a-pa3pe3;6- nnalr; I-pera; I I - u n $ u . t t b r p a q u o H H r t e 6 a c c e f i s r t ;I I I - q p e A B a p n -

reJrbHaffnoAono,troroBKa; IV - yposeHb noA3eMHbrxBoA; V - soAonocHufi ropusoHT B
necKax; VI - noAoruBa BoAoHocHoforopgso,Hra, uruHbr; VII - BoAoBoA x Hu$nnurpa-
r{HoHHbrM 6 a c c e f t n a u i V I I I - s o A o g a 6 o pH s ' n o A 3 e M H b r xB o A c o c K B a x ( H H a M Ho, 6 o p y n o -
sauHHrvn oJreKTponacocaMH; IX - x.noparopHas; X - peeepnyap .rucroft BoA.br;XI - na.
c o c H a r c r a H r l H f f I I I n o A r e u a ; X I I - H a c o c H a qc r a H q n f l I n o A r e u a ; X I I I - s o A o e a 6 o p
H3 noBepxHocrnbrx no[,; la-7e - gKcnJryarar{HoHHbre cKBax{HHbr;I-16 - sa6rrcAare.rt-
r . r b l ec K B a x ( H H b Ic; T p e J I K a M [HO K a 3 a H OH a r r p a B , ' r e H A HB e HXeHHfB l OAbI

6axrepHli (xpon/Ieo6uquoro
Hsyr{eHueM x(r43HeAeflTeJrbHocrH
caHnrapHoro MeroAa Ha KoJIH-HHAeHKc H rroceBaB cpeAeMnA),
npocrerlrrrux,BHpycoBH Apyfr{x opraHH3MoB.Ang
BOAOpOcJreft,
OTAEJIbHbIXCOCTABJIflTOIqHX'TAKHX CHCTCMHCO6XOAHMbIAONOJI-
eTCfl
. nOrDI Vx(HbIM
_ _ _ . _tI
_ tt eH'rn
_ r _ _o6
v - r ^F)w r{rr-T
r^grN r r nr rr rav rrr
v rarz,r,n,n
yr r L ^n
\ry\_rnar-\,d C L l v^l n^ r, r, s
J
qrctor:r I' ptr5ep- HHTeJrbHbreRoKa3aTeJr14,HanD-t{Meil, D.ilfi ltHefirunnrpauHoHHbrx
:I1l HacocHoft
BOAa
!!au H nepeA_?ruM
xrropupabrcs.
lIa pesep-"yafu 6acceriHoB- KoJr bM ar at \ Hn r pyHr a, napaM er pbr nJr eHKH; AJr r
crauqpleilIII noAber/ranoAaercfino eoAoso.qy noBepxHocrAoro HcroqHHt<a I4BnB - roJruruHa rroBepxHocTHo-
norpe6ureJrro.
ro fl bA?, HaJI HT{He uyf H H AO HHO TO Jr bAa.
H.a6'nr,oAeHnfl (clur.puc. 49) BeAyrcr 3a cocroflHlreM noBep-
xl rocrHblx BoA, pa6or of i BoAo3a6opa, HacocHbr M u cr aHI r HsM H
I, II n III noAreMoB, npeABapnre.ulHeri BoAonoAroroBKofi, Bo-
4 o s a 6 o p o M H 3 n o A 3 e M F r b r xB o A c a r { c n J r y a r a q u o n u u u H c K B a } K H -
l raMl r H nor pyx{Hbr M proJr er ( TpoHacocaM rB { nNx ( HacocHaf f cTaH-
ur{rr II uo4r,eua), xJlopHpoBar{Heru rrucrofi
u pe3epByapaMil
B OA br, a Tar ( ) Ke no BceM Ha6ilr oAaTeJr bHbr M cKBaxHHaM .

7" 195
194
 flo ,aaHHbrM Ha6nrcAeu:ufinponoAflT aHaJrHsH AeJrarorBbIBoAbI ycn- | unvr ycn-2. B cxsa}KllHax
v eclrr4ueo6xo4r{Mo, ACV-I u npI{eMHHKaMH
HsMeHflroTpe}KHMpa6oru .n.rero, I4BnB ypoBHeMepbl.
H ee sJIeMe-IITOB Mox{HoycraHoBHTbsJIeKTpHqecKI{e S.nextpoAHuft
HJIII AalKe nepeycTpaHBalOT HCnoJrr,3oBarII4e u r r r l a J r r { 3 a r o py p o B I I r 3 P C y - 2 B b l n y c K a e r c r p n 3 a H c K H M3 a -
ronoJrHHreJrbHbrx coopyx{euuft u o60py40BaHr4fl.Ha ocHoBaHHH
aHaJIH3a BoAoM <<Ten,nonpu6op>. Sror npu6op rpeAHa3HaqeHAJII cur-
AaHHbrx,noJryqeHHbrxnpr4gKcnJryaraur.II4,
pa3p a6arm-. rraJrlr3al{llrr AByx-Tpex noJIo)KeFInrl yponur.
BaroT paqHor{a"rlnntni pe}Kr,rMpa6oru orAeJrbHbrxg/reMeHToB H Anroua'TprqecKI.Ie pacxoAoMepr,I BoAbtMoFyr AaBarb AncraH-
Aax(e ncerl cucreMbt r4BnB. B npoeKrax cucreM I,lBllB r4ItH
IIHOHHbTe noKa3aHHfl VT I{a MeCTe MTHOBeHHO|O paCXOAa VilLl
AonoJIHLIreJrbrro K HHM rleJrecoo6pasHopaepa6arbrBarb npor-
paMMbr o6qgareJrbHbrx ua6.unAbHnft ; ^ pacxoAa 3a "rrrc6ortnpoMex(yroK BpeMeHH.Hau1e Bcero AJIfl
HccJreAosaunfi rrx c r { B a } K H H H a c o c H b r xc r a H q u f i n p H M e H r n r ' A p o c c e J l n p y l o q u e
p a6 o r u .
BOAOMepbr C nJraBHOCyIKHBaIOilIHMCfl, Lr 3aTeM paCIIrHpgtolIIHM-
cfl ceqeHueMr.rJrnB BHAeBcraBor{ pa3HbrxQoptutcy}KLIBaHHfl H
2. ABTOMAT,H3AUHfl HAEJIIOAEHI{ V.V YNPABJI EHHfl p a c u n p e H u r s n f l b r u A o T a p e J l b q a r b l xB c r a B o I (c o T B e p c r n e M .
iB CHCTEMAX HBNB Pexe HcnoJrb3yloTc.rcKopocrHble BoAoMe_pry._ A.na cKBa)KHH
Hall.6oneecoBepueHHaflopraHHBar\Hr 3acJryx(HBaeT BHHMaHI4e BoAoMepnpo$. tr4. 14. Kyxo.rreBcKoro
r{eHHesKcruryarau4r4I4BnB Ha6nroAeuufi: z H3y-
co sce.ricr{creMo,i uoaonp-ouoau_ B Br.rneKoJIeHa.
BOAOBOAaMT4, pacllpeAeJrHTeJrbuofi ceruo, pe3ep"yrprio" H'npo- I4suepeHue pacxoAa BoAbI B aroM npa6ope ocHoBaHo Ha
rrr{M- Mo)Ker rpH AHcraHr{nro""oiiilepeAarrenoKasare_ pasHocru AaeneHr'rftBoAbr B ertnyx"nofi Lr noruyrofi BHyrpeH-
]!mr
left pa60ru o6reKroB np' aero^aa'i""oe.nono FIHXnoBepxllocrrx grofo KoJIeHa.Ba>xno, qro norepb AaBJIe-
y[paBJreHHH.Beg
aBToMarHqecKoroyflpaBJreHHfc,qprcracunoHnol:r HHf Ha AOTIOJTHHTeJIbHOe H3MepeHI{e paCXOAa,KaK B npeAblAy-
- noAaqeli no-
xasarenert pa6oru o6rexroe cHcreMbr Ullrx rr{nax BoAoMepoB,Iler. Stor BoAoMepBaHHMaerMeHbIIIe
I4BnB ;;;;T 6u*
Ar'rcnerqepcKoe pauHoHa/rbHoe yFpaBJreHHe. Mecra, r{o roqHocrb ero usuepeHHfi HHN(e cyulecrByloulux.
Ee, arc"an(HoHHOn
no/Ia rrn rioxa,sa ren eO rrailHqvH c a Mon Hrrryrrlux HBMepr.r_ B BoAonpoeoAHofinpal(rul(e qaue HcnoJIb3yIoTMaHoMerpH-
TeJrbHbrxnpn60pon AaHHbre _: -_yy_" rrecKner.roJreKTpHr{ecKHe rept\{ovlerpbt: nocJleAnHfirHn repMo-
6yay" nocTynarb rrepeoAr4qecKH,
HO aHaJrH3MO)KHOCAeJraTbc cooTBercrnvr6ulurrala MerpoB yao6eH AJIfl nepeAar{HHa paccroflHue. Tepuucropbl
paIIHoHailvsaUu eHsdAaMH O (nonynpoBoAHHKoBbre eJrer(rpHqecKHe repMoMerpu) 6laroAa-
H oKcn.rryarauzu.Ees yKasagHbrxBbrrrrenpu6o.
p-oJJ_HHrerpaJrbHbr^4rr noKa3aswnvu pacxo40B rro eceftcucreMe pq npocrore ycrpofibrea H entcoxofi uyncrnHreJlbHocru
I4qnB ("rryvue no or,u,eJrbHbrM d6rbxrana, BKilIoLraficKBax*r_
K 14 3Mei{eHHroreMneparypbl MoTJIH 6u noryrlHTb 6onnuree '
Hu) npH onH3oAHr{ecKoM BsrrHH npo6 BoAbr t4 AonoJrHr{TeJrb- pacflpocTpaHeHne, Ho noKa oHr.rHe orJrHqalorcscra6uJlbuocrbto
HbIx HCCJre,4oBaHHfix o6texra, HanpHMep,c onuruoft otxaqxofi xap_ar(repHcrHK. -ea>Kuo
(sxcn"rryararl,oHroli).Hs cKBa)KHHbr Oqeur aBToMarr{3HpoBaHHoe iloryr{eHne noKa3aTe-
H c nepHoAHrrecKHMH ga-
MepaMH pacxoAoB (6es nocroflHHoro - .neftxaqecrtsa BoAbI,AaHHbIxno MyrHocrH, qBernocrH H ocra-
6yavr 6o"rleecKpoMHbre. "oabnn.pa) "rr;oa* ror{HoMy xJIopy. A'eroMa.ruqecKI4e npH6opu AMfI-V, AOX
Ha6.rrnaeHHn3a ypoBHflMHBoAbr,ee reM[eparypofi, n AMC-V A.rrnonper,eJreHr4rr yKa3arrHbrxnoKasareneftco3AaHbr
Myr_ e AKX lrvr. K. 4.. [aHQurroBa B coApyxecrBe c BocroqHofi
Moryr 6urn irerxo aBroMar's'poBaHbr. c 'Antouar
:::T:-T-r_{
iraJrbHefilxeH
ll"BerHocrbro. oqncrnor? crasuueft MocxoscKofo RoAotrpoBoA4:
nHcTaHlII{oHHorl nenonqrroii ud n'nrtm rr-^^_
B Hacroo'u.. ;;; ;;#i"Toil?ffi:i7\ii: AMC-V no3BoJrrer noJlyqHrb HenpepblBHor4JrHnepeoAur{ecKu
"I;;;'il;;;d:r-i1"T
noJrb3yflB ocHoBHoM pa6ory l2Ll, npr{BeAeM,re*oroirbrecBe_ noKa3areJrbMy'rHocrH B npeAeJIax 0-45 vrr/.rr.Myrnocrb Bo'
.
A e H H f ln o a n r a p a r y p e a B r o M a r H 3 a r l Wrk. nt n n o r y q e H " " Abr Mo>KeTAHCTaHIIpIOHHO pefUCTpHpOBarbcflCaMonHIIryillHM
nonuJu- -npu6opovr 3MD -262 c peocrarHblMHAarI{HKaMu.Asroil,IatH'
rener?pa6oru B cacreturetr{BnB.
qecxnfi aHaJrH3aropAMU-V Aaer noKa3aHuruBerHocrn H MyT''
Ans rrenpepbrBHoroKoHrpoJrfir{sMeHeHnff yponHefi B orr(pir_
pe3epByapax'Mo>KHo BocnoJrrsosarncfl' Hocra (n npeaeJlax 0--4 ur/.tr). C nououlbro aBroMarngecKoro
ly?pIo, B H e M e p o M
'Pn-1065 ronJraBKoBbrM aHaJrr.r3aropa AOX onpetre.rrloT KoHIIeHrpaIrHroocrarorlHoro
c pe4e pM-51, xoropufi ova., cHrHa_
JIHSI,IPOBATb O NPCA€NNHbIX NO/IGX{EHHflX xJropa.
YPOBHfi E,Ng BOAbI. :
nrc6ux HenpepbrBHbrx
rrsrrreueH,fiypoB*s ; ;;;p;il-pe3ep_,
Byapax npaMeHflror nonJraBr{oBoeycrpofic"so
c AarrrHKoM
196
 3. HAEJITOT\EIrHfl
3A I{CTOIIHHKOMHBNB H BOAO3ABOPOM
t43 HErO
B KaqecrBeHcT.oqHHKa I4B[B qaule ucnoJrb3yroT
HocrHble BoAbI. Ka.Iecreo eTHX BoA rroBepx_
B 3HarrpTennuoficTe[eHI{
saBHcHr or caH'rapHbrx oxpaHHbrx Meponp'
;r;i:
AO/rlKeH 6urr opraHHSOBaHcncreMaru,recxufi ";;;;; 3a
co6nrcreHHeM srux.. Meponpu,rri. HaA30p
e.o o6H,rHo BhrrroJr'flror
opraHbr caHnrapuoli oxpalrbr wrr4 no
corJraco"u""-, --aro,
ynpaB-
'rreHHff BOAO''poBoAa c caHHrapHOft
r,rHcfleKu"uri
JlararoT Ha cneqr{aJrHcroBcHcreMbr BoAOCHa6>reHrzq. BOs-
crKe soAosa6opanpoBoAflr He MeHee3 pas Ha y.ra_
B MecffrlHa6nro4e_
HHfi 3a o6uunr-cocioqHneM BoAoeMa_
basBHTHeM nJraHKToHa, A o : t 1 2 , 3l g (1 1 2 )
pa3MbIBaMH,HaHocaMI{,3a:anrrBaHfiflMpl,
ToJIIrlHHofinrAa, AoH_
HbrMJrbAoM,uryrori, e oco6eHHOCTH OKOJT'caM'ro BoAoS;60pa nae /o:ffilnlkrrn cyr; mtlt - ToJru{r4Ha nJreHr(fl,Mi knn - xoe$,QuurtenT
roBepxHocrrrbrxBoA. Kpo*,re roro, y BoAo3a60pa $u"uunpaqHll'InJlel{Ktt; t -= Bp€rMflOrrbrra, cyr; s - norr,rr}KeHHe yporB,Hrtso-
pa3a B AeHb HsMepffrbreMneparypy aoifr"' 2-3 Abt oT HaIlaJIbHoro,M, 3a ,BpeMq t; H a - rrarra,rrhrrafl
rnyfwti ypoBrrn B
H y p o B e H b B o A b rn. p , 6acrcefitte,u.
I4B[B Hs peKH no orHM ypoBHflMBbrrr'cfiflror
'TeMbI; pacxo4br c'c_
np, MaJrbrxpacxoAax nocJreAH'e Ilpnruep 10.'-Tpe6yerr:n
r{ecKHMHMeTOAaMH. ^onpeAerrutrbAo Lr lerrr. I,{seecrHo l:6 cyrn
"rrap"ir-."apuBJr'l
B 9TOMCfiyqae Mox(HO,Boc[O/rb3oBarbcfl Ha:'2 M,S:1,8, M, irron:0,Oi vr.
ua6"rrrcAeHr4flMu
nocroB r,r,craFrrlrutfrapoMereocfiyx6n. I-Ioc.ne,
nocrynJreHnflnoBepxHocrHoliBoAbr eo,q,osaOop'uep* Ao:+ -2,6cyr]
parar- z . +o ' o l
Ky H cerr(y ypoBeHb HsMepflercfl raKx(e" 2 .3 l c /
3 paia B' cyrK'; no \
pa3HOCrHyposHefi BoAnrAo BxoAaB BOAOSa60p
no.n. peruer-
. " \ ( 2- 1 , 8 +
) 0 , 0 1I
ru (cerxH) onpeAeJrflroTnorep' *u "
Koropbre hnn:+:
6rlrr MeHbrrre.ronycr'Mbrx. rlep.e4 "-fr"He, AoJr)r(Hbr
u nocJre pe- As +2 , 6 : o,oo38
rra/cyr.
rrerKa (cerxa') I pas "6aora6opona
BoAbI. .e^cyrK,lr oi6l.rparor npo6u ,ru *yr"ocrb
3areu l- pas n l0 iHgft npoOii .",ipbrireHHnn IJI.I ,nprr.r6niu)KeH'Hbrx
pacqeroB,H npu ,cuo6o4uoii
Snnrrpauun noI
a*ailHsBoAu.. _Q*py"
(npu.noxeH'e-III) nneuxorlee ToJruruuofi,n,to,>nso
npeHe6peui.
",;r*i"il;;;;:
;' B nece"""fi -
ttwft u s'n'rHHrlMelr(eHH- Ha n'onHult aHaJrHB rY- -
I Ipu qlrcrKe 6accer?HarrpnMepHoB rrrTu_Aecriru Mec.Tax
n H e I I ) . n o B o A o 3 a 6 o p yn o " " p * " o ; " ; ; ' B o A n"oqoilnp"no*.-
o r r y q a r o rc B e A e - E f O N f l O i l I A A H C J I C A Y E T H C C J I C A O B A T bN J I C H K Y .H E E N A P A M E T P b I :
HHfl O COCTOffHHH -krn^
PC''CTOK H CCTOK (NPN HATIV'I4I4 ,,OCJICAHHi). To/IxIHHytllnn, xoeSQlr-I{HeHT rpH.rrrrpa t\uu
a raKx(e vx oqHcrKH. llpta HailHtrnnoroJroBKa uaccy cKeJlera
u nJreHKHdnn, KoJrbMarhuu.ro necKoBHa r.,ry6nHax i, IO, ZS i
peKe cocroffHHeeno npoBepflror He pex(e pas "O40ru60pu 50 crr,t.Tonu{raHynJreHKHonpeAeJr.rrror
3 no-_aa"u. u nuryp., i- lr;', ; dor,_
" na6oparopHbrMMe'roAoM.
ilo AaHH,bIM rla5lrcAeHI4l4 nnH aKnn.n\/e rerrt^w Do na6nmn"9
4 . H A EJ IT O A Efi fifr 3A H H OH JIbTP A IIH OH H bIMH
COOPYX EHLIflMIA
6acceriHa
B nepBufinepuoaiao'n;;;;";?;.#;; ;""'";iH#
n.rieuxn)rpnseenaxocrtG, xilrtor,T. e. no"oruraIlurc pbrxJrblx
n.nn I rHna I,lBlIB na6.rrroAeHur B€Avrsa uusuJrbrpaqnoH- nopon,MolKHoonpeAeJrr.rrbno Qoprray,rre
HbrMH6accefiH Atv-uw xananaun;4.rrn II rvrna- 3a uHSr,r.rrr- G: MusptK, ( il3)
TpauHoHHbrMH cKBaxnuanaiE, nilfl III rHna _-:-.sa
ecrecrBeHHbr_
MH NJIOUIAAflMI{ IIHQUNITPAUI,IH H, HAKOHCII; 3? OTACJIbHO My,rH,ocrb,
rr/*s (u.r' nrr/.,'r);a"p - cpeAHRR
c*opoc,rb
BbI- :::^Y.*^:-f.:l*iiT
r.lH(puJrbTlparIHH,u/cyr; tK - rBp€Mff K,OJrbMa,Tar{H,H,
,C}r.
I I . C J I C H H b I M HI - I A M I , IT P A B ' I H b I M H N O K P O B A M I , I .B H H S H . N T T P A I I H O H -
H b r x 6 a c c e f i n a xu K a H a J r a xH a 6 n r c A e H u fBl e A y r s a r e M n e p a r y - floc.ne oropax(HHBaHHT6accefiua rpff3eeMKocrbonpeAeJrff-
H lor raKlr(e "rra60paropiibrMMeroAoM,- cpaBHHBafl,r*on"ilil;-
!]9ti _Myrrlocrblo KaqecrBoMBoAbr,nocrynirouefi e HHX,sa
pacxo.(oM poBaHHbrfi H nesdxo.utMarnpoBaHHuft
ee, cKopocTflMHnU$nnnrpauHH,BO BCenepHoAblpa- rpyuru.
198 ,99
 qHH$ znmpauuoHHbe
sKcnJryara conponrBJreHr{e
^ onP€,4,eJrffror
lto 9 -np_o11.ceno Qopuyne
III rroAbeMa (no4aua K norpe6ureln) onpeAerrflror
6 pag
B cyrKH. _ilnq HaJrax{H Balr4n paquoHanrHoft ;-;;ry ar1qgg
Ao.= @a* mnn)f a^, (114) cncreMbr I4B[B BMecre c BoAonpoBoAoMB ueJroM Baxua
,rAe uE - oKo'p,o,crt
uuQn.nbrpar{HH, HeflpepbrBHafi3anHcb noKa3areneli yponHefi Bo,qbrv
ulcyr.
B OCO_
6eHuocrH pacxo,uo,BcKBax{HH. I4s^aepeHzeyponuefi
B Ka)K-
aofi cKBax{HHe, a TaKxe ee pacxoAa [o3BOJIffer cJIeAHTb
3a Ir3MeHeHHeM ee vrenruor?. ''oAar{H,T. e. 3a yAeJIbHbrM
ro* q:Q"/5, ,4e6u-
r.qe Q. - te6ur cKBax(HHbr,;ti;i;, S"_ noHH_
x(e.FrHe
ypoBHfl or ycJroBHOCrarHqecKoro (npel ocraHosr(e
Hofi cKBax(HHbrH pa6ore ocraJrbHbrxci{BaxHH soAosa6";;i AaH_
vueunrueH'e yAeJrbHoroAe6prTaco up.*""aM noKa3brBaer,qro
CONPOTHBJICHHfl OI(OJIO CKBAX{I4HbI H ilPH BXOAC B CI(BA)KHHY
yBeJrHrrH ilvlcb. Kor42 ,4e6lrr paccMarpunaeuoft cKBax(HHbI
vMeHblrraercffH cocraBJrfle'T oKoJro llr-rle pacrrerHoro
AJrs
raunofi cKBax{HHbI,TorAa nocJre TexHHKo-gKoHoMHrlecKoro
aHarrasa OcvruecrBJrflrorpefeFrepauHrovrJrw3aMeHy
Ha cxeMe ITIBIIB oKoJro aKcnJryarauaoHsofi srannrpa.
cKBa)KHHbr4e
HaxoAHrcnwa6nroAareJrbHafl3arOy6uancKBax<H;5.a S. flo-pas_
'HocrHyponHer? n cKBa)KH wax 5 u 4e.(puc. 49) Mo)KHocyAHrb o
conDoTHBJreHHrX npH ABA)KeHHH BO/{brB CKBa>KHrry.
5. HAEJIIOAEHI4fl
3A ,BOAO3A6OPOM K p o n r e p a 6 o r u ' c o 6 c r e e H H o. ^ u i * " " paccMarpunaeuofi
NOA3EMHbIXBOA cxeMe caeAyer npoBepffrb pa60ry nofpylKHbrx " ueHrpo6exuux
gJleKrpoHacocoB.flpexAe Bcefo
AoJr)KHO 6rrm npelycrr,rorper:o
reKyl{ee Ha6.nrcAellue 3a pacxoAoM Hacoca (cu.^nti're) u pa-
6orofi eJreKrpoABurarerrfl c npra6opaMH. nyu*. ct ocy-
IIICCTBJIflCTCflNPV THCTAHIIHOFINOfiNOAAqC "..;;; U AETO-
ilOKASATCJICfi
MATHI{CCKOT4 YNPABJICHHH. CNCqUA.NNHO
ATfl CKBAN(HHHbIX
FIaCocoB BbrrrycKarorcfl vHu$raqHpoBar{Hbre
craHu}rH aBTOMaTH_
r{ecKofoynpaBJreuHs[3X. 3anycx
norpy]KeHHbrxueHrpo6ex_
MErrecKHeypoBHH,a raKlKe pacxoAbr BoAbr.Kporvreroro, or6u- Hbrx He rpe6yer ilpeBapHre.nnHofisinHsrr.r
..sJreKrpoHacocoB
palor npo6lr BoAbr Era aHaJrHs.Tar Ka:r' B cr.rcreMax I4B[B eoAoI?, TaK KaK oHH AoJrlKr-IbI=
va"r"uBJIHB?Tbcfl,IIpHMepHo,
Ha l-1,5 u HH'*e n'HaM*recKoro vpoBHq. flo
{Jlopupyercfl BoAa, to npo6br Ha 6axrepuoJroraqecxvtftaHaJrHg ai""ft* ro,Ka-
6e'pyr l9g{g xJropupoBarrtn I pas B cyrKu npu HacerreH.uu .: saHufr o SaxrH.legxofi tro,Aaqe rrorpy>KHbrx
uenrpo6ex(Hbrx
y^"X:g 50 000 Terr., 3 paaa B HeAerrronpn Hacenbnuu 20 000-- pacxoAe eHeprnn, sayneuufr,nepeA BaABH>K-
:-1:--:p9_y3.9_oo",
^u11 .v cl(IJa){H[IbI n'noc,ne.3a.4BH]KI{H II nO n2TJErr--rr4
/ rr t \ 4 r D , r "" r ? , -
c_ 3aBoAcroft xapaKrepucruxori Hacoca
o;;;#;; ;#ff;";
KnA Hacoca H BbrBoAbr o /{aJrruefiurefiero pa6ore. He ueHee
l-2 pa3 B roA norpvxHor? aJrer{rpoHacoc r.rsBJreKaror
w pa3-
6nparor, 3areM onpeAeJrflroT ueo6xoA'Mocrb ero peMoHTa
HTIH SAMCHbI.
npu6opoB perucrparrlrrcypoeuefr H pacxoAoBcKBa)Kr{H 3anucbr- Ha6nrcaeHHffnp-HApyroM rure BoAo3a6opa r{Menr oco6es-
Barcr B xrypHaJrHe pelKe 6 pas B cyrKrr. fAe ser AHcraHrrHoH- Hocrn. TqI, npH cucponHounoAosa6openocrosHHbre
BoAoMepbr
B Xa>XAOfiCKBalKr.rrjeycrar{aR,/rr.rBaroT
l{blx npu6opoa, npH HarnrrHH BoAoMepoBpacxoAbr HsMepflror qro6sr na6.nrc4arr sa pa6orofi
peAKO.BUecro Toro,
I pas B cyrKn no Kax(Aortcxpax{HHe,a no ot3urerury
bolonneiy no.pyn uio,* eJreKrpo'acocoB,
Ha c6opuorr,rBoAoBoAe. o6ureu? pacxoA uacpcHori cranrlr.{H : noAAep)(I,IBaIor
r{aAJre}K?utprr?
naxyvnr n cn$oHnori rily6e. gail
BH>KKa'y xaxAofi cKBaxr.rHbrueo6xoAurura, qro6n b"xrtoua"o
doo
 flo AaHHnu Ha6nroAareJrbrrbrxcKBaIKHH2-i n B-10, slafl,
napaMerpbr BoAoHocHororoprrsoHTa,Mox(Ho orrpeAenr{TbcKo-
pocrl{ Qn.rrlrpauHHH AeficrepireJrbHbre
cKopocrH BoAbrB BoAo-
HOCHOM rOpU3OHrer43 peKH u 6acceliHoeK BoAo3a6Opavr. 3rH
AaHHbre Hyx{Hbr /.nfl pacqeroB 6aplepuori poJrH BoAoHocHbrx
ropH3oHToBrrpH naKerHoM 3afprr3HeHprH noBepxHocrHbrxBoA
(c yuerol,r cop6qun BoAoHocHororopH3oHTa,cM. r.rraeyV).
Ha6nrorareJrbHarr cKBa)Kr.rHa
5 (crur.pnc. 49) Hy>xua, Kar(
KH, Cp'OKHH nporree- yrorrHfloT Ann r(oHKperHbrxo6texrog.
orMeqaJrocb,AJrflorIeHKHCOIIpOTHefleuHr? npH ABH]KeHHHfpyFr-
rosorl BoAbr oKoJro cKBa)KHHbrH B cKBax(HHy4e. Ha6,rrroLe-
HHfl,3a ypoBHfMtt s Ha6nroAareJrbHbrxcKBax(HHaxI u 2 c yqe-
ToM gaMepoB ypoBHfl BoAbr B peKe Hyx(Hbr, ,{ro6tr BbrflcHHTb
6 . H A EJ IT OA EHI,Ifl 3 A P EX H MOM Y P OB HE H IIOA S E MH bIX B OA conporHBJIeHHe pycJla peKH' a TaKX{e Bo3Mo>KHocrb oTpbIBa
B C I , I C T E M EH B I I B ypoBr{ff rpyHroBbrx BoA or peKH. Ha6nroAareJrbHarcKBaxHHa
l0 s uuf u.nrrpauuoHuorvr6acceliHe ueo6xoAHMaAJrflonpeAeJre-
Oaua H3 cxeM I,IBflB w, pacrpeAeJreuue MrrHHMaJrbHoro HHfl' MOUIHOCTH3oHbI agpaL\HH H ee H3MeHeHHq, a TaKxe Anfl
qficila ualntoAareJrbHbrxcKBa)KarrnoKa3arrbrr-rapuc. 49. Ha6- B O3MO ) KFTO CTH yJr yqr xeHHf f Kar r ecTBa BoAbr B 3O He aspar lHH ( C
JrroAeHr4fl, sa ypoBr{fMrr BoAbrs Ha6rioAareJrbHbrx H sKcnJryara- yqeroM Aor I oJI [ I HTeJI bHbIcKBax{HH)
X . t lr o6br noHf lTb poJr b or r lr -
I I H O H F T bCTK
X B a X ( H H aB
XM e C T eC n a 6 n r o A e H r { f f M3r ,ar y p o B H e M uarcur ef i cnoco6uocr u BoAoHocr {or o r opH3oHTa npH ABH}KeHU}r
B per{e, a raK}Ke ilacxoAaMH H3 3r(cnayaraur4oHHbrx cKBaxHI{ noB ep xHocr sor i BoAbr or per ( H H 6accef iuoe r ( eoAosa6opaM
Q" u pacxoAoM,noAaBaeMbrna e r.rH$lr.unrpauuor{Hbre 6accefiHu npoB oAf lr Ha6nr cAeHHr r3a ypor BHf lM HBO Abr n 6accer ?He H peKe
Qa, no3Bo.nflroT cAe/raTbpflI{ Ba)r{HbrxBbrBoAoB.Ha6.rrroAeHHt B ua6'nrcAaTe/rbHbrx cKBalKuwax 2, 3, 5, 7, B, 9 H oKcnJryara-
3a vpoBHflMHnoA3eNrHbrx BoA )KeJraTe,IIbHo BecTHc noMoulbto U H ' o,HHorcKBa)
i KHHe4e. Kpon, t e r or o, Ha yKa3aHHbr x o6t e, xt ax
aBToMaroB c AHcraHUaouuot?nepeAa.lefi noKa3arenerl. flpu or6upaxr r npo'6u BoAbr Ha aHa. r r r . r a.f lpr z ?r oM H3 Bcex Ha6nr c-
orcylglsHv rar<Hxnpn6opoB na6.nrcAeHHrr npoBoAflr 5-10 pas A areJl b Hbr x cKBax( HH AJr f B3f lTlr f npo6u Heo6xoLuuo or Kar I H-
B MeCrU. B aTb soAy Haco, coMHe M eHee I q c no4aueli I nn3/ u H 60nee.
Ha [o"ltoBl4r-Ie yqacrKa cl4crerubrI,lBflB or Jrt4r],Hnua6np.
AareJrbHbrxcKBa)KHH1-l I r{ J[rHtrr{ cr{Bax{Hr]l5-12 crporrT-
cfl Kapra rr,rApou3ornnc.llp, oAzr-raKoBbrx rr4AporeoJrornqec- I - n a n a X V I . S K O H O M H T I E C K V L V LA H A J I H 3
KIIX ycJIoBHflx I-IaApyroii no,rioB6l{eyrlacrKa l(apra rgApogso- CHCTEM HBNB
rurrc crpolrrcfl rro auaJrorulr.flo nocrpoeusor?KapTe rr{Apou3o-
runc npr{ H3BecrHbrxcpeAHHXMontHocrrrH pt xoeQQuq?reHTe SxououH.recxnft aHaJrH3 nprd npoeKrapoBaHHH cucretur
rpunmpaquu Bo!,oHocHoro cJrofl Mox(Ho onpeAeJruTbnpuTor( I4B[B ocyulecrBJrrror nyreM cpaBHeH?rfl
c ApyrHMH BapHaH-
rpyr-rroBbrxBoA K sKcnJryaTauHoHHbrM cKBax{HHaMoT peKH TAMH HCTOqHHKOBBOAOCHA6XCUHR, BKfiIOqAfl BO3MOX(HbIC BA.
Q"o vr v3 6accetlHoe Q,,0. Sror cyMMapultlit npllroK Q"p pHaHTbIcucreMbl I,IBilB. Kponaerofo, npoBoArr sKoHoMr{rrec-
V
rr
fi
\Cllu
..^n4DLrr,IDaI
vyqurrlrucrrvl
'Tt //r
u
rrarrvr\ I'/-t,rir
I/crt-/'\vAvlYt
Et,.\ rrLr
I-r\JAUr
(nn
\rI\-,
orrrr.^*r.:tronr\
Lr\-rA\JIYlrvyqIYr
I S
,'\'Fr1 4rYYrr-
Vt ncl-arl-
xun a-ua.nr4g v aHaJIr43 orAeJrbFrbrxerevreHToBcncrerr,rlr[4BIlB,
eaervloriHg cKBax<HrrQ", H yrorrHflrcr 4eficrBaTe"rrbHurl
pacxoA. H a n p H M e p B a p u a H r o B o r c r o f i H a K o B .c p a n H H n a r c r B a p H a H r b r
flo xapre ruApousorunc onpeAeJrrroryreqKy BoAbrus 6ac- uHQunlrparluoHunrx6accefiHoec npeABapHTe/rbHbrM orcr ar4Ba-
cefiHoe Qur, frocrynaloueli B per(y., PacxoA, noAaBaeuufi B H?IeMH BapnaHTaMH $H"ntrparrHoHHbrx 6accer?uoe6es npeABa-
6acceriHu, Qo cPaBHHBarorc cymuoli pacxoAoB,rrocTyilaloulHx pHTeJIbHOTOOTCTaHBAHHfl,HO C Bblli/rrcqeHlreM STHX 6aCCer?HOe
kr3 6accefiHas no4osa6op Q"" (AQ) ra e peKy Qur, a 3areM B O B p e M f i n a B o A K o B , C n H T a H H e MB O A O s a 6 O p ar o J r b K o H 3 p e K r l
nocJIeAHHepacxoAbr yror{Hflror. Ha ocHoBaHvr4groro no Qop- npH B b r coKoM ypoBHe BoAbr r LJr HC CO 3AaHHeMeM KO CTHbTx 3ar r a-
MyrraM (58) , (62) onpe4errnrorKnA zHQunnrpauHoHHbIxco- coB . l l pu cpaBHer r nu ueo6xoAuuo yqvr br Bar b r ar il{e yAaJr eH-
opy)I{eHuk r1r, KllA Tn rrsilre Bceno 6usaer oKoJro0,5, no 4o- H o c r b c p a B I I H B a e M b t xB a p l , t a r . r r o Bl r c r o r r r n r r ( o BB o A o c H a 6 x e H H q
xoAl{r lo 0,85 (n cHCreMeI4BilB Ao,rIHHbIp. Aparnu) . 3no't Ao norpe6ureJrfl, a raKx(e nas6onee eSSexrHBHoe HcrroJrb3o-
xoeQSuI{HeHrBbIroAHoneBbrlrrarb(cvr. puc. 49). B A H H C I {CTO I I HHKABO AO CHA6XCHI I fB l gr O f l CHCTEM CB UCJI O M .

202 8* rn3
 np1 paspa6ort<epasilHrrHbrx BapHaHroBHcrorrHrtKoBBoAo- MCHAYCMbIX BCJIHIIITH
HOPM ATHBHbIXTOESSAUHCHTOB 14 CPOKA
cma6>Ne'uscreAyjr npeAycMarp,Barb aBroMaT"o".no.
;;- oKy[ a eMocru KanHTaJrbH brx er o]KeHr.r]i.
ry/prpoBaHuerpe6yerr,rlrxpacxoAoB H r{anopoB.
Ar"o* aru- flper cpaBHeHHHBapHaHroB npuBeAeHHbre3arparhr onpe-
s a l { H fl n p H p a q IIo H a /Ib H oM ee' npH MeH eH H H cH H N { aeT
ce6ecrou- AeJrflror no scer? npoAyKrIHH (nO.rryuaeuoltnoae) an" oAHoro
MOCTbBOAbI
LTPYAOCMKOCTb9KCNJIYATAI\HH I,ICTOqHI{KOB BOAO- roAa. He cneAyer cMerrruBarbpacxoA BoAbr,noAaBae*o* pac-
cua6xeHus. cpaBHeHHI{ pa3fir,rrrHbrx BapHaHToB r{crorrHr4-
flp" cMarpHBaeMhIMH coopy)KeHIIflMH, c pacxoAoM BoAbr,noAaBae-
KOB BOA O C H a 6 X e s u s u e o6xo4H Mo OrIeH H B arb
caH H TapH yro H a- naoriK norpe6urenp. flocneAuft 6yner MeHbure3a cqer yreqeK
ACX{HOCTbHCTOIIHHKABOAOCHA6X<CUZfl,
Yq}ITbIBAfl.,B IIACTHOCTI,I, H co6crseHHoro norpe6neHnfl AIrr BoAonpoBoAa (nponaunra
6 a p re p n l re B o 3 M o l K H o crH cucreM H gng
no orH orreH nro K cern H np.). Ce6ecrouMocrb H npHBeAeHHbre
3 a fp fl 3 H e H H ro . pacxoAbr Bcero
BOAONPOBOAA ONPCACJIgIOTCgAJIfl KATI}ITAJIbHbIX BJIO)KCHAfi
B a p u a H ra x I4 B[IB , oco6euuo co 3H aqH reJrbH brMH ECEX
,Il p u K o- coopyx{eHnfi BoAOnpoBoAa,BKJrroqaflcerb rpy6, a raKN(e
n e 6 a u n n MH y p o B n e r? n o A3eMH brx B oA , t4 B qacTH OC TH , AJrf
npr{ Ma- BCeX TeKyrrlHX3arpar Ha ero sKcuryarar{Hro. MoxHo raKx(e
T A SH H I4 P O B AH HBA H } KH O N P C A Y C U OTP C Tb
B O3MOX { H OC TbC H H )K E - n p H B e A e H H b 3r ea r p a r b r n o Q o p u y , r l a n a
(llb) v (ll6) orHocHrb
HHr, noAbeMa BoAbr H3 BoAosa6opa u norpy)KHbrx rIeHT_
Kn[ x 1 nn3noAu, pasAeJrHBHX Ha pacxoA BoAbr B TerreulreroAa.
po6exuux HacocoB.floc,ne4urzbo6H.ruo_[pr{MeHrroT
nprr TorAa Mbr [oJryrrHMyAeJrbHblenpHBeAeHHhre 3arparbr rro Kax(-
rpy6uue ALr*aw'qecKoro
ypoBHr 6o.ueeo-s ;;;;;;pr"o.r"
3eMJrH.SQQexrHBHOCrb AoMJ BapHaHTy,orHeceHHbre x 1 us BoAbr.
pa60ru r{crorrHtrKa BOAOCHa6x<'eu Hfl,3a- I-lpz pa3JruqHbrxBapHaHTax HcrorrHHKoBBoAocHa6xeuus
. BHCHT OT [OTpe6socru B BOAe,tlpHpoAHorxyc,rroyufl,pa3MepoB MolKHo H lleJlecoo6pasno aHanlLrsLpoBarb aKoHoMHrrecKHe no-
pecypcoB noBepxHocrHblxH noABeMHbIxBoA, I4x KarrecTBa,
Ha- K A 3 A T C J I H N O T Y q C H H f l B O A b I T O J I b K OH A C P A B H H B A E M b I X
ilHqnf. cso6oAHHX u. yAo6uux nJrorrlaAelt excnilyarar\HL. Tex- YqACTKAX
c yr{eroM noAaqH (rpaHcnoprHpoBaH:r.fl)no4u
HHKO-SKOHOMUrrecxufi, aHaJrHsBapLIaHTOBHCTOITHHKOB ao norpe6nrens
BOAO- (6e1 p acnpeAennre.nluoficeru i.
cua6xeHHa Heo6xoAlrl,rHe ToJrbKoAJrflyrrera AaHHbrxycnonufi,
Bce cpaBHHBaeMbre BapuaHTbrrrpHBoAflrcrrK co[ocraBr{Mo-
HO TAK)KC H AJIfl BO3MO}KHOCTH HX II3MCHCHHfl.
HANPNN,TCP, My nuAY I{' B qacTHocTH,no cpoKaM KanpITaJIbHbIx enoxeHl,Ifi
MOX(CT YilYqIXHTbCfl KAIICCTBO HCXOAHbIX NOBCPXHOCTHbIX
BOA N P I { B C A C H H C M . 3 A T P A TN O 3 A H H X J I C T K T C K Y U I C M Y M O M C H T V
B pe3yJrbrare BBeAeHHfloxpaHHbrx MeporrpHnrufi,H ycrpoftcrsa C BBC.
xoe$QuqueHranpHBeAeunn
AeHHeM B no qopiayne
BOAOXpaHLrJrHrr\c H3MeHeHHeM pexHMa noBepxHocrHbrxBoA,
HCTIOJIb3YCMbIX AJIfl I4BNB. |IPrr 9KOHOMHIICCKOM AHAJIH3CPC. B_:I(l + E".n\tl-I, (117)
KOHCTpyKrlHr{ LrIrH p ar{HoHailH3afi,HH CHCTeMbTI,lBnB cpaBHH_ I - nepnqA BpeMeHr.rnpuBeAeur.rfi,noAbr; .E".r, - H,opMarr4B
fAe AJrff npg-
Baercfl ce6ecrouMocrb BoAbr ro kr rrocJre Mepo[pH ntnfi. BeAeHr'rflpa3HoBpeMeHHbrx sarpar, panunfi 0,09 (n yc,rronragxaefi&sypue-
B Ka q e c rBe o c H o BH o fo gK oH oMzqecK oro [oK agareJrfl r'o nop gtrK a Ha'r{HcJIeHH,ff a M,opr,naarlz ra .
A Jrfl )
c p a B H e H H fl p a 3 fl H rrH b rx BapH aH TOB C OrJracH o< < TH nosor?Mero-
!,elicrnnre.urHuli cpoK oKynaeMocTH r(attHTaJroenox(eHuft
AHKe OnpeAeJreHHflgKOHOMH.reCXofie(boexrnBHocrH Ka[HTaJrb- onpeAeJrrercfl no QopnryJre.
Hbrx n.noxeHnfi>> (M., SrououyrKa, 1969) npr4BeAeHHbre3arpa-
Tbr onpeAeJrflroT no SopnryJraM: T A : K l G n p_ c r ) , (rr8)
r4e Cttp - nrpqAaxiHafl croplMo,CTb rBo;(bl.
C. + 8*K,:
- I | - n - ' I min / 1^ rl vK. f \
\
j r tt
R
ci( uluPbix
,tatt^-Ah Y rv nrrrr ^ ^r'
cJiy'iaf f X, HanpliM ep npn pa3BHTHHBO AO CWa1-
TrrCt*Kr-min, (116) x{er{Hr fopoAa' BapI{aHT AorIoJIHHTeJIbuoroHcrorIHHKa
'Cr - c noAa-
,rAe TeKyqHe 3arparbl (rcsfis.tol-t,trloctl) ilo_KaxdAorMyrBatpuanry; /(r - qeri BoAbr co cropoHbr cyilIecrByrouero
no4osa6opa cJreAyer
KaInHTaJIbHbIe3aTpaTbI no ToMy )Ke Baprua,nry; E, - H.OptMarhsHHr? roe$- cpaB H HBar b c BapHaHTO MAO nO Jr HHTeJr bHorncTor
fiarrurarrbunx bnoxtiriufi; TE - itop*uni"ilfi o r Hr r Kac Apy.
Qnrraeur eQQenctu,nHjocr'fi op,e-11
oKyrlaeMo,crHKa[HTaJrbrHbIX BJr,o)KOHHT]I(nenuuu,Ha,o,flparua^ E"\ . rorl cropoHbr ropoAa c yr{eroM 3arpar Ha peKoHcrpyKuHro cerH,
TA K K AK NPH NO CJI CAHCM BAPI {AHTCsATPATbI HA gTY
HopuarusHnrrl xoeQQuqneHr eQQexruBHocrr{ B coorBer- PCKO HCT-
pyKuHIo ceru 6yay" MeHbrrre: noflyrraercfl gAHH BapHaHT c noJr-
crBHH c npHB_e4euuofirHnosofi MeroAuKoli c.ueAyernpnHr{Marb soft noAa.rer? BoAbr, c oAuor:r cropoHbr, H Bropofi napuaHT c
He Hr.r>Ke
0,12; rorAa HopMarHsHHrtcpoK oKyrraeMocrH6y4er AByx
cropoJr H3 cyurecrByroqero H HoBoro Hcror{HHKa BoAocHa6xie-
se 6onee 8,3 roAa. OAuaxo ilpr{ Heo6xoAuuocru no corJracoBa- HUfr. oAuaxo H rrpu BapHaHre pa3BHrHfl cyr.qecrByroulefo BoAo-
HHro c focn,naHou CCCP AonycKarorcr orKJroHeHHflor peKo- A A 6OPA C O AHO CTO PO HHI {M NO CTYNJI CHHCMBO AbI B CETb BO AO .
204
 cHa6)KeHr4fi CJreAyeryr{ecTb,r{TOB pnAe cflyqaeB Mo)r{er 'i
rlaTbcfl yAer[eBJrerrne3a cqeT rlony: cDoo6l c)oo) o
AOnO/rFrHTeJrbr_rono
EHr HenonHorinporrycKnoricnoco6nocu.r BoAoBoAoB,
l{cnoJrb3oBa-
Morrlnocrn (L) .
Is f i s : r ; E $ c- r
k r! . E @
HacocHblx crauuufi , HailHqHfl Aopor, aAMHHHcTparuBrrbrx r o ltr c) o)Ooo@--....ffi-
noMelr{eur'rfi, o lx e.l
6nHsocr?rSJrer(Tpocua6xeHr{fl
flpn onpeAeJreHHH
H lrp;
cpaBlr'rennuolt oKoHo'r'qecrofi eQser_
o (o,)
k l
X
o
F I e : F h IE S H F-
6t
k
TI.IBHOCTH KAilHTAJI b H bIX BJIO)KCHUfi NPU o :q F{
o) c) oc\l ciffi-
P CKOHCTPYKI{HH A^'iiC,- tr
BYIOUHX NPCATIPHgTPTfC r PABHHBAIOT IIOKA3ATCJIH F d r II Hc yoCQ\ -Q roloo I c\
NO BAPHAI{. E
o I'x
l{ H d
I f . _ !il.

TaM peKoHcrpyKuun c noKasareJrflMHnpeA[pr4nrufi ! o J C-ilrr)-agf .+

€
Ao peKoH- .o_ \t{
CTPYKUHH HB C O O T B C T C T B Y I O U I U XC f l Y q A f l X C 6 F
"o_,o",o^?
BAPHAHTAMH
E h h Er H
Y ccllt F

HoBoro crponTeJrbcrBa.flpu oroM yrrnrbrBarornorepg ; Ft- F(

q6i
(o
npoAyK- c ) r E
TfHH H NPIA6UNH, A TAK)KC ci
YBCJIHqCHI,ICTCKYUIHX 3ATPAT B NEPH. r xx =
,1
AA^i.
v r v v e \
^i-------=
! ) O )

OA PCXOI{CTPYKIIIIH.
l l o x a 3 a re J re M e s Q e rrraB r{ ocr'
E .
E h
E F t s oFt r oF* =t c3o l +R
F-
npH peK oH crpyK rr' H npea,-
n p H fl T l l a H , B r{ a c rH o c rl l ' npu cpaB I-I€H H Hno f,x X
r.h - M aa--7-
J L/)
oTA eJrbH bIMB apH - |a
tr
tr
aHTaM tlBJlflercfl cpoK oKynaeMocTLr Karlr{TaJrbFrbrxgroxeHr.rri x lI @
F - oco .r r=) \ te t(o
U
C' () HC.J
I Or
.+
lm
6l
B TaKyro peKoHcrpyKquro Trr,", orpeAeJrqer\llrri r=I
no Qopnry.ue o vo (!) cn+ o c,l 6t---
E
(r)
T * . c : K p l ( C t - C z \, (1le) (! t- ( g { t-
l (- oC or )oF o. .rdo- r o
I |
I lc\
'l l +- €
c\
(\t (J
\o Nr{)-* rO
nqe Kp - r(anr,rTaJroBJrolr(eHHff
B pel(oFl'crpYI(IIIttO
nipeAnptrfTr{fl; Ct Lt Cz- r X F-
o
OrC,loO@@ LO
ce6ecrouuocrt np,oAyr(qnH .[o H nocJre peKoiH,crpyKIrHrrr (r) o
(y;nenruueuuenpH_ Ir *.<o o = rrO-r O> Ir Ir mi
F I
c, oO
6 n n n n ' p v rC 2 q C r ) . H Cr)
'

on ET C\t
F -_-6-t-
F
O N-o-
P a c q e r r o S o p r r a y . n a u( l l S ) H ( l l g ) c r r e A y e rB b r r o J r H f f r b ; a (u
co
C,)

t1 *. O
6 t; tt 9- .-. q, I 1 f Oi o
TaKx{e c yqeroM H3MeHeHnn o6uefo pacxoAa peKoHcrpyupye- s u (u
E
I
E{
N3
5
C\ILIJH
| | 'l . N
r1.
Lr)
(u
MOrO COOpyx(eHHfl, a cpaBr{HBarbeKoHoMHqecxyro esQextHn- E o)co@(o
E d LO
Hocrb - no yAeJIbHbII\{noKa3areJrflM,orHeceHHbIMK pacxoAy c i trl
tr
q)
Ir
o l@61 -tt'-
l - - @ L O
| r rt c. nd O
lo I I
I u3 BoAbI.TaNoe garvleqaHHe, B qacrHocr,, oTHocr4TcR K peKoH- 9 X(r)
0, c)
- lfl
c\ O)
crpyKrluu 6eperoBoro nH(rra,umpaTlnoHHoro xu 3 7 - A , ^ ^
v v r v v

BoAosa6opa,KorAa o5 F F : X . _ 6l(o<>o | |
Hyx{FroyBeJrr{quBarb ero pacxoA ltpu yBernqeHuz eoAonorpe6_ o
h o 5cs !.
O H E [ >
rO- oO@ I l
@ O )
O
ileHKrr, a TaK)Ke B cBfl3H C ga]?.Irl1-gaHae[{
Hee yMeHbuaJro pacxoA 6eperonoro raHcpnnlrpauHoHHoro
pycJra peKH (nOC.rre4-
ou t 0,)
5 x F
ro.
(J
J (,)
x.R
ES
o . l O $ E
ooo.
F
w v v v
c\

Bo- Dro
q)
A . A A A
v r v v v
co*(oO
I
I
I
I
4osa6opa); npu raxofi, peKoHcrpyKr{HaHMeercr B BHAyAonoJr- I 9 F
ro (o rl)
ao
HHTeflbHoeHcKyccrBeFrHoe E
noAlrr4TbrBaHr.Ie noAgeMHbrxBo,u,.B o: E ,
pe3yJrbrarecoopyx<eHr{fl HcKyccrBeHHOrO BOCflOJTHeHH' nOA3eM-
ia)
F
HbIx BoA pacxoA cyurecrBylouero BoAosa6opa yBeJrr.rrrnBaercfl: )' c6l ( 1 ) '
r
O .
( 1-

a croHMocTb BoAbr o6tr.rHo yMeHb[raercfl. 3s$err]rBHoerb }(( i.

t
t l (t r ) H r r
! :E '€
HCr{yccrBeHHOfO BOCnOJTHeHHfl B AaHHOMCflyqae,no cyilIecrBy; \.r
1 q I
o cl !E
ci ) o
U i H

gnpeAeJlflercq He ToJIbKOsKOHOMHrIeCKtrMr.r nor{aSareJrflMHno -- E (

(
(J s E . g
i f e
Qopuyne (l l5), Ho r.rreM, qro npH yBerHr{eHr4kr pacxoAa BoAo- ; r ( J
q)
x
sa6opa noA3eMHbrxBoA 6yAyr yBerr.rr{HBarbcfl BoAonorpe6"rre- =
HpreH yryquarbcfl rHfHeHHqecKHe c S r([)
ycJroBHfl.floC"neAHeeraKx(e (u v
q) ca
A a e r s K o H o M H q e c K y reoQ Q e x r u B H o c r b ,H o B s o p n r y n e ( l l 5 ) . f f c.)
(v
o.
to
9TOHe yqHTbrBaeTcfl. ({
,'Y (l
a
F C o
rlpu pac.cMorpeH'rrpeKoHcrpyKrIHH6eperonoro eoAosa6o- (J tr
F (-)
pa c ycrpoficTeoNl AonoJlHnreJrbHoroHcxyccrBer{Horosocnonj
h
o
HeHHflnOA3eMHbrx BoA HepeAKOAHHaMHqeCrufi ypoBeHb BoAbr o
t-
F F
lr{
A
206
 nocTyflJle'
B BoA0sa6openoBbtulaeTcr.IIpn eToMCHLIx{aeTcn
o(o@ro o \(o
Ol
o
F? !ilNO@ H <(o rrH e HHQ HiI I bTpar ( HO HHOBOf i AUI CO CTO pO HbIpeKH, HO C yqer oM
o E € o
(o 3@)
OO6l(O
c\ co ro ro A On O JTHHTeJTbHO nO CTyI I JI eHHtHCKyCCTBeHHO
TO I HHQ
f t HALTpaUI I I {
s
\o oco-t+ 6q co ro (o B OAbr O 6UHr i paCXO A npex{Hef o BoAo3a6opa cyuecr BeHHo yBe-
rl o (O F- JIH II HBAETCfH, i KAK O TM CI I CFI OBO, AA HCPCAKO CTAHO BHTCfAAX{E
f
rJl 6!-O- CO
(o o o) !d
!+Ho o
q) - H
c\ oq co
AellreBJre.
t
q) oo6l(o o q aoo- Ta6uuqa 20. V4e.rrrHbre
ce6ecrouMGcrb Barparbl,
H Kanr.rraJlbHble
ll .<F.<f - tl) H Tr) o (o c\
s D- cO (O @ ro
(o
O@
ro r()
Kon.,Ha I nn3noAu HBIIB nprl pa3llofiBoAonoArordBKe
o H 6t
ro H cpaBHeHI{e c HcnoJIb3oBaHI,IeMnoBepXHocTHbIx BoA (c nonpaBKaMn)
o
a- q?qa o- q olcl
tr 6l f- tO rO
CO*Or
(O (o
ro O
o
co o,
€O)
6t 6t ca Pacxog, Ce6e- | flPnne4eHttue
Hcroquux BoAocHa6x(eH?rt u orlHcrKa TbIC, cTouMocTb| 3aTpaTbI
O O @ O - 6lo^ M:r / cyr
< < O $ O
-
N o @b-
(o co
t'- 6I LO CO 6l .<f{ rJ)
6t co
OO\t{(O (O ,(o 50 1,26 2,16
florepxnocrHble BoAbIc noJIHoIioqplcr-
, 6lF-OO) u) .+ O $c\
(o- Kofi 100 I ,04 1,73
trl cO*aO $ € 6l co
kIBnB c BapnaHraMr.rBoAonoAroroBKlr:
\c; .s d 50 0,88 I ,46
o@61 (o q
F - !

o
o
, a,o- aSparIHfl
1,26
o .+ 6l #
(o co co lr- o) ro O @rr)
6ro
100 0,77
EI
(J' d
rf,
6l (o $rr) H a3palI,Hfl
oTcT,auBaHI4e 50 0,93 1,57
4
r-t {
\o 100 0,85 I ,39
F O--1,o_.o^ a rtr t'- '$
ClsrJ)oO tO c\ o Qn.nrrponaHue Ha cKopblx Sn.nr'- 50 0,99 l,7l
cO ;r f.- co F.- (.) co€
c\ c\ Tpax H a9paqlrfl 100 0,88 1,47
T T 50 l,l0 1,86
ti
(J
ro
F
- O oHilbrpoBal{He,agpa'
oTcTal.lBaHHe,
o
o6looo
O O UHfl 100 0,96 1,60
o E .+6lo(o €
(o 6t 6l
6l
6l T O, (.o MHKpoounbrpaIrHfi , Sn.nlrpon a HI'Ie, 50 1 ,l 0 1,90
- c\
@
c\ F CfJ .<t{
100 0,99 1,64
t< at aspauHfi
E O-+{!+r+ (O € t-
-161
\o
(u d b-
6l-O6I
CO<b-
$
ot
o
(o d) *F-( o
q) e! c\t B ra6il. l9 14 20 npuBeAer-rbl oKoHoMuqecKr4e noKa3areJrn
a
T
F
c\ro o) @ s cp aBHeHvrfl.BapuaHToBHcrorIHI4KOB BOAOCH46>KeHHfl.krg nOBepX-
ctl jairJ i o (o c\
OGI lf- -
h-
O
o) co co
ro (o
HOCTHbTX BOA H c I'IBnB c HH4)HrbrparII4oHHbrMr{ 6accefiHaupl
F co (t)
r.rry6rauofi30 nr u Ae6HToM no
H -

d
(r) l0
x
H BOAO3a6OpOrvr H3 CKBa>KHH
O 6 l r r ) c.l $ O
o)
O* | c\
O)
O o O6I 1700 rras/cyr Kax{Aafl .npu p a3Horl BoAonoAroroBKe c o6uHM
co oo co cO O)
Lod ld
H c\ c,o c,o paxoAoM no 50 n 100 ruc. w3/cyr BoAbI.Ta6nnt\a cocraBJleHa
E
(u no B.'M. EepAanoBy [4] c HeKoropbIMHHaIIIHMHAoroJIHeHufl,'
F v
I
MH Vr I{3MeHeHr4fMH.PaC,{erHrre 3aTparbr vr ce6ecToHMocTI!
F
F B yKa3aHHOfi Ta6JIHUe HeCKOJIbKO 3aIIH)KeHbI IIO CpaBHeHI{K)
t -__
c EaKTI,IqeCKHMn AaHHblMkl.
4
Vle ta6n 19 cneA!€r, qro BapLIaHrbI c HcKyccrBeHHbrM Boc-
o)
b
O rIoJrHeHHeMnoA3eMHbIX BOA rIO yAeJIbHbIM IIpHBeAeHHbIM 3aT-
ts
F
p a r a M B 1 , 4 8 - 1 , 1 4 p a s a A e I x e B J I en o c p a B H e H u r oc B a p H a H T o M
F . X
v
HCnOJrb3OBaHHrrpeqHofi BoAbr c noJrHofi ee oqucrKofi. llpH
v GI
npHHflTbrx ycJroBHflx yAopox{aHHe oTAeJIbHbIXBapHaHToB vrc-
KyccrBeHHoro BocnoJlr{eFIHfl noA3eMHblx BoA oIIpeAeJrfieTCfl
o o yAopolKaHHeM (ycnoxHeHHeM) rrpe4napLIreJIbHorl BoAonoAro-
(.) (.) TOBKI{. IIpU Bapr4aHre HcKyccrBeHHoro BocnoJIHeHr4fl,noA3eM-
A t- o o Hbrx BoA c npeABapI{TeJIbHofi AoBoJIbHO CJIOX(HOfiBOAOnOATO.
o 1 4 l <
0.) q.., TOBKOfi, BKJrrOqarcUefi MHr(pOQHJrbrpaunro H agpaqHlor YA€JIb-
F F (.I CJ
l:a caFa
209
 ltbre npnBeAerrrrbre 3arpaTl'- 6yAyr Bce )r(e rra 5-150/o MeHr,tue,
qeM npu rrcno/rb3oBarrrrHnoBepxHocl.Hbrx Tpaquo,Hnbre6accefiHn) 6un oKoJro 0,45-0,5, r. e. AosoJrbHo
BoA c nonnof,rnx HHsrHfi.flocne AonoJrHnrenusoiTeKoHcrpyKrIHHsrorl cncreM.br
oqllcrrtorlr.LIci<SrgcrBeHrroe EocrroJrrrer{r{e
rroA3eMr-rbrxBoA C a9-
paqneii -cannur? Aerilesuji BapHaHr, Ho BT-4g0lo 4cKyccrBeHHoroBocnoJrrreHr.tfl KnA yBerHr{HJrcrr npHMepHoAo
AerreBJre 0,7, a ce6ecronMocrb AonoJrHHTe.[bHo noryqaenrofi soAbr coc-
BapHa_l'lra HCIIOJIbsoBal{Hfl rroBepxHocrHbrx BoA c nonHorTroqncT-
t<oli.Cne4yer orMeraTb, qro Bo Bcex BapHaHTaxilpHHflToxJro- TaBHJraoKOJr'O 0,92 Kon.; cpoK oKyilaer\irocruAo[oJrHHTeJrbHbrx
prrpoBarrrreBoAbr. llocneAuee onpeAe.riflercrrHeo6io,rHMocrbro Kan[TaJrbHbrxB/IoxeHHfi cocraeHJr Bcefo 2,2 roAa. Llucrax ro-
AoBeAeHHflr{aqecrBa BoAbrAo fccT AOBaflgKOHOMHfl OT raXOfi per(oHcrpyKr{HH c yBeJrHqeHHeM ct,r
2974_73 ilo 6axrepuo- norytrnracn 104 ruc. py6.
JIOTHqeCKHM rioKasaTeJrsMB Cryr{ae yxyArrre}rHflBOAbrB BoAo-
sa6opax noA3exIFIbIX Kax BHAHoHs ra6n. 2A,,crozMo,crb I rvrsBoAbr rpu HcKyc-
BoA H Ann rrpeAyilpex(AeHHrr yxyAueHrrfi
KaqecrBaBoAbrB BoAoBoAaxr{ BoAonpoBoAHor? crBeHHoMBOCnOJTHeHHT4 rro [pHBeAeHHbrM 3arparaM r{3MeHser-
cer.u. cfl or 7,26 lo 1,9 xon/u3. cDaxruqecKaflce6ecrouMocrb BoAbr
llp" yBeJrr{qeHHHnoAarrn BoAbr c b0 Ao 100 ruc. rr,r3/cyr
-'yAeJrbHafl B sKcnJryararlHoHHbrx cprcreMax I4B nB c 6accefi,naMr cocra-
ce6ecror.iMocrbpaccMorpeHHbrxBapHaHrOByMeHb-
Iuaercff Ha 9-21010 kr npHBeAeHHbre 3arparbr^-Ha lg_250[.
llpn H3MeHeHHH np'HflTbrx Bbrrrreycnoeufi noKa3areJrusKoHo-
MHrrecKofoaHaJrH3a BapHaHTOB MOryTMeHfTbcfl.
Kaqecrso eo/tlr npg I4BnB o6H.rgo ryque, rreM npg noJr-
Holi o,IHcTKenoBepxrrocrHbrx BoA. B .{acrHocru, BoAa, noryqa-
eMafl npH HcKyccrBeHHoMBocnoJIHeHHH, HMeer 3HaqHTeJIbHo sa6opa nocJre peKoHcrpyr{[na cocraBJrfleToKoJro 1,7 Kon.,
MeHbrxHeaMnJrHTyAbr xo,ne6auuftreuneparypbr: .neroiu 60nee
a B Apyrort cucrenneI4BflB ro>re c HHQHJrbrpauHoHHbrMu 6ac-
npoxJlarHafl., a sHi\aofi- 6onee renJrafl, qeM noBepxHocrHaff
cefisauu, 'Ho c npeABapHTeJIbTIbrMocBerJIeHneM - B.efo
9OAa. Kpoue roro, npH HCKyCCTBeHT{OM BocrroJrHeHHn Mofyr 1,6 Ko[. 3a I ns BoAbr. VEopoxaHue ce6ecrouMocru cBbrlrre
6url noryqeHbr eMKocrHbre3anacbr rroA3eMHbrx BoA. B rr.nb- 2 xon. sa 1 u3 BoAbr,no HMerourr-rMcflv Hac AaHHbrM,oflpeAe-
TopbrxcJrytrafx BOSMO)KHOCTb CO3AarbeMKocrHbre3anacbrrIoA- Jrflercf HecoBeplueH,crBoMcxeMbr H 9r{cflJryararrHr{.
cavrag Ae-
seMHbrxBoA rrpu HeAocraTKepacxoAa per(HB Mex(eHbflBJrfer-
rrreBaflce6ecroHMocrb BoAbrB AoJrr{Hep. ApafBr4 oflpeAeJrrer-
cfl BecbMaBaIKHbIMnoKasaTeJreM, OnpeAeJIrroxIHM BbrroAHocrb -- Bcfl cncrervla I4B[B
cq oco6o 6.rraronpuflTr{brMr,r
ycJroBrrflMlr
I{ p auuoHaJrbHocrtI,IBIIB.
CAMOTCIIHAfl.
flpu pacxoAe soAoga6opoBMeHbrrreb0 rnc. vBf cyr coorHo-
oco6esno rleJrecoo6pasno'r4eQSemHBHo HcKycclBeHnoe
IIJeHHece6ecrouMocru BoAbI npr{ r4cKyccrBeHHoM BocnoJrH eHHn BOCnOJTHeHHe npHMeHnrb Iurfl,yBerHqeHHffpacxoAa cyuecTBy,
noAseMHblxBoA no cpaBl{eHnroc no/rHoplo.rulcrxofi peuHbrxBoA
qeM yr(a3aHo pa"eer cnelyer rcunx 6eperoenx uHQHJrbrpauHoHHbrx eoao3a6opoB.
6yaer eule 6onee BbrroAHbrM,
rrro fl'o AaH'HbrMoKoHoMrrqec'Knx pacqeroB HcKyccrBenHoeBoc-
orMerHTb, r,Irfl Malrbrx BoAosa6opon BapHaHTr{CKycCTBeH-
'noA3eMHbrX noJrr{eHHe noA3eMHbrxBoA Aa)Ke B CypoBbrxycJroBHflxceBepo-
HO|O',BOCnOJTHeHHT{fl BOA C UHQnnlrpaqaoHHbrMH BocroKa Asaa (CCCP) oKa3brBaercfiKoHKypegrHocroco6nrivr. .
6accerlHanau('n roJrbKo aepilMertr) oco6esHo paufio'HaJreuno
B pafiouax MHoro.reruefi Nrep3JroTsi ce6ecror.rMocrbI us Bo4br
cpaBHeHr{ro c no.nHofi oqHcrKoli peunoli no4n, raK KaK 3HarrH- rreM B pafiOsax vMepeHHofoKJrHMara,w .3aBHeI{T
rcJrbHU ilpulrle'l'exHHqecKoe / AOpOX{e, OT
oocJIylKHBaHHe. ..9- ^-^^^Z ^ TtT)T-TTI /-^1- (\l \ r^n-|
y v l t u f J n n u l t u u u u a _ y L DI r n ( ' r ' a o J I. z | ) . L z y I .
I-Io nocneAHHMAaHHbrM,cronMocru I uB no4u soAosa6opoB
B yc,rronHsxcegepa crouMocrb I l,I3eoabr npu lrcnoJlbgoBa-
PCocP (6ee Mocrelr H flennHrp aha) 6una B cpeAHeMA/rr
Hr4H^tTOBepXHOCrHbrXBOAC nOnHolzHx oqficrxoli peAKo AerueB-
noAosa6opo.B c oqncrxofi BoAbr (n ocHoBrroMus pex) g,g7- Jre 20-30 Kon. llp" ne6onnunx norpe6Hocrqx H3-3a cJro)K-
5 , 6 2 K o n . ( c p e a u e B 3 B e r r r e H n ac frlo u M o c r b g , T s x b n . ' a a I M g
'6es
soabr) u _AJrfl eoAosa6opoB oqucTKH (Hs noA3eMHbrx
soa) - 3,9 r(or. B Prnre ce6ecrouMocrbBoAbrnpu ?rcKyccrBen-
HOMBOCnO.irHeHHH C UHfUnrrparrHoHHbrMH 6accertHavrHu ag-
paqHefi cocraBJrrila or{oJro1,87 ron. sa I na3.flpu oroM KnA
qu (oruo[reHue pacxoAa BoAbrga cr{eT HcKy,ccrBeHHoro BocnoJr-
Her{HflnoA3eMr{brxBoA K pacxoAy, rroAaBaeMoMyHa uHQunt-
210
2tl
 Ta6.nnua21. Cronnocrn 1 ua no4seuHofinoArr
ucKyccrBeHHoro ce6ecrouMocrbBa py6ex{oMnpnBeAeHbr B rleHax Ao lg70 r. 6ee
BocnoJrHeHHfl
B O6.nacrnMHoroJreTnefi
uepe.norrt y{€ra uuSnn4uu.
Ce6ecrosmocru
KoHeqso, HcKyccrBeHHoe BocrroJrHeHnenoAseMHbrxBoA ue-
cno"lo Hc*yccrBeHHoro Bocno.rrHeHurrnoA3eMHbrxBoA
I ut BoAH, ron. JIeCOO6pasHO TaM, rAe AIrfl sTOrO AMerOrCffHaAJre)KarqHe yc-
gKoHoMl{rrecKylo
JIoBHff.Kax orMeqeHo BbIIrIe,cpaBHr4TeJrbHyto
flepexavra BoAbr BBepx ro AoJrrrHe peKH B Har,- oI I eHKy HCKyCCTBeHHO TO
BO CnO JTHeHHf nOl ASeM Hbr XBO A C Apyr H-
Mep3JrorHbrxBoAax 7 MH Bapr {aHTaM H CJr eAyer AeJr ar b no [ oKa3aTeJr f lM Kar r HTaJI b-
HcryccraeHHoe co3AaHHeraJrr.{KoBB Mep3Jrbrx[opo- HbIX BJIo)KeHHr?,npHBeAeHHbrx 3arpar (ro4onux H yAeJrbHbrx)
Aax nyTeM rHApaBJrHqecKorooTTaHBaHHff l5 H ce6ecrouMocrtr I naa BoAbr rro <<Tanoeori MeroAHKe oflpeAe-
x€, nyreM greKrpuqecKoro orrauBaHnr 140
Io
ycTpoHcTBO oappaxa B HaAMep3JroTHbrx JleHr.rfigKoHOMHqeCKOfteQ$enruBHocrH r<afir4TailbHbrx BJIox(e-
IIoA3eM-
HbIX noToKax l2 Hr4fr>>.
Harueranue npecHbrx BoA rlepes florJrorqarculle
cKBaxHHbr BnoAMep3JrOTHbrev MexMep3JroTHbre
BOAbr 5{'
Orxa'rra BoAbr s nerHufi [epnoA Hg cKBo3Hofo f .rra B a XVII. PA(HOHAJII{3AUVlflB CHCTEMAX
TAilHKA 20 HBNB
I Beporruo'
Aopox(e 5 xon., Aax(e 6es cro''ocrr BoAonoAroroBKH. 1. OErr-(HE
TTOJTOXEHHf
CrouvrocTbnoAgeMHorlBoAbrnpu r.rcKyccrBeHHoM
- BocnoJrHe- floa paqlroua"uusaqneficucreM I,{B|IB noApa3yMeBaercff
HVHsa py6e)KoMnpHBeAeHaB ra6n. 22. yJryqrxeHHer4x orAeJrbHbrxsJreMeHToB
H CHCTeMbT
B rreJroM.oc-
Ta6anqa 22. Cronmocrt I m3 BoAbI npn HcKyccrBeHHoM BocnoJrHeHgrr HOBHbIM NOKASATCJICM PAIIHOHAilH3AIU'LI,HflBJIflCTCfi 9KOI{OMH.
oa pydexou rrecKafl eQQexuaBHocrb, Korop afl r,Jrfl HoBbrx cHcTeM I4BnB
ONPCACJI f lCTCf l
KAK M HHHM YMTI PHBCACHHbI3ATPAT
X I I PH CPAB.
Pacxog, Cronuocrb HeHHH KoHKypr{pyrcrrlHx BapHaHToB TaKHX Cr.rCTeM,a raKx(e
fopo4 (crpaua) MJIH. I mt no4H,
ut/rog Apyrr4x {gTorrHHKoB BOAOcua6xeHr{fl, a Ailfl, sKcrrJryarr{pyeMbrx
opaHKH
cr4cr eM HBnB nyr eM cpaBHeHHr r ce6ecr ouM ocr H BoAbr Ao r 1
nocJre pafiuoHa nrvsalJ.ff?.llo srHM noKa3areJrf M MOX(er SUtu
Aoptrrryna (Pyp, OPf) 1967 r00 0,14-0,19 noAcqHTaHa roAoBaf H o6x].aF.,3KoHOMr.Iff.
{pyacca-Crop-Ceu(QpaHqur)
- 1967 l0 0,29 flpz paqr{ouaJrnsarlun cJreAyer raKx(e yrruTbrBaTbHgMeHeHHe
Easem (lllnefiuapna) r967 49 0,12
Ka.nuSopHu.r__(pIXA,rrerbrpeyuacrr<a) '?q5 300 1,6-2,49 TpyAoeM Kocr H, M ar epHaJr oeM Kocr H 14 SoH4O eUKO CTHnO nyUae-
A.nausroc (CIXA) 0,9-0,32 naofr soAbr, np oAoJr)KHTe/rbHOCTb OCyUIeCTBJTeHHfl p arIHoH a ilH3a:
LIHHH ApyrHe sarroptr.
flpu I,IBIB AJrfl BoAocHa6xeHufl cyrqecrBeHr{oe 3HaqeHHe
Ans sapy6ex(HbrM
crpan KannraJrotsJrox(eHnfl rpu lrcKyc-
-U3 Mo)KeT LIMeTb yBefiHrIeHHe pacxoAa gTHx cHcTeM, noBbIuIeHlIe
CTBEHHOM BOCTIOJIHCHHI,I
C 6ACCCT1U AMVLI KAHAJIAMHHA 1 HaAex{Hocrr{ Hx pa6oru rIpH rroJryqeHkrHBoAbr BbrcoKoro Kaqe-
BO.q,bICOCTaBJIflTOT6eS npe.nBapr,rTeJIbHofiRoAorroAroToBKr.rB gTtsA. D HCKOTOPbIX CTYqAflX TIPH OAII.I{OHA.II!49ATIIdI4 CI,ICTEM
cpeAHeM 0, i 4 SpaHxa kr c BoAonoAroroBKofiB cpeAHeM0,96
I4BnB MolKHo uur. aon,jnn"".r;;" y;F;;; ;;i;Lr"o BoAbr
Qpaura, T. e. B nocJreAHeM cflyqae
-flpn rpHMepHoB 2,8 pa3a Aopo- no cpaBHeHHro. c KoHAHTIHflMT{
no focT 2874-73. Haupnruelp,
)Ke, rIeM 6es soAonoAroroBKu. ubrycirBeHHoM x<e BocnoJr- reMneparypa BoAbrB cHcreMeI4BIIB no cpaBHeHHro c noBepx.
HocrHofi He HcnbrrbrBaer6ontu_rHxxone6auufi, rITo no rHrue.
HHqecKHM H 6trroetrN{ noKa3areJrflM 6onee 6naroupr.IflTHo.
Vuep_etruaa(ue xo,noEHafl,)reuneparypa BoAonpoeo4Hor? BoAu
slruofi, KorAa ee noAorpeBaror,TaK>Ke6o.ueeBbrroAHa.Taxue
gJIeMeHTbI, KaK HaAeX(HOCTb CHCTeMbT H 6Onee BbrcoKoeKSHe:,
cTBo BoAbI B IIpHMeHflroIIIHXcffnoKa3areJrflx oKonoMnrrecKofi
Tauur{ HecKo;rbKoHrafl, qeM B CCCP. KanuranoBJlox(eHufl H
eQQerrHBHocrH He yqnrbrBaror, Cncremn I4BilB ro rraAex:
2t2 glg
 HOCTHflOflyqeHflfl rpe6yeMoro KoflfiqecrBa u KaqecrBa
BoAbr Tar<nu o6paeor'r,paqHolraJn{3arlrrfl
B cncreMax AoJrxr{a
HMeror n_peHMyrrlecrBa[epeA BOAOCHa6Xeuneu c o6HqHOfi
BbINOJIHRTbC'IHA OCHOBAHVTKT TCXHHKO-SKOHOMHI{CCKOI O AHATII4SA
orlr{crKoft nonepxHocrHblx BoA.
npa o6qsar eJr bHoM ycJt oBHH, qr o BoAa nof iyr lHTcr Bbr coKor o
Bo4a, fioryqaeMar r4scncreM I4B[B, o6uquo
AelreBJreHe KaqecrBa. flpn paqr{oHailvsat\Hr4 cJreAyer o6pautarb BHHMa:f'ue
TOJTbKO noBepxHocrHbrxBoA c no"uuor?HX OUrZCrxofi,Ho
Aax{e H a noJr Hoe HcnoJr b3oBaHHenponycxHof i cnoco6nocr H BoAoBo-
noA3eMHbrxBoA, B OCO6eUuocrH apTe3HaHCKHX; B nocJreAHeM
cflyqae 3TO O1'AnC1nercfMeHburefisHcororl noAbeMa BoAbr B AOB, MOrrIHOCrefiU nOAarrH gJreKrpoHacocoB npH pex(nMe pa6o.
cr{creMax I4BnB u - o6rrquo 60nnrueli ux KoMlaKrHocrbro. rbr c xopouuM KnA.flp" parluoHaJrra3aunu
B cucreMax
Ho secnaorpfl-lrj_gro, BosMolKHor4 AanuHefiuee I4tslIB neo6xoAuMocJreAr,rrb
3a yJryqrreHneMKaqecrBaBoAbr,
va.r.uneHHe nPelycu aTplrBafl,cHCTeMaTHqeCKHe ee aHaJrl,r3br.'
BoAbrcr'rcreMI4B[B nyreM HX pauuoHaJrngaur{r4.
flosH[reHr,re Kn.[, orAeJrbHbrxoJreMeHToB H eceri cHcreMbr
I4BnB B ueJroM flBJrflercfl eaxuor? saAaqer?cHH>KeHHfl ce6e-
croHMocTHBoAbrH KafiHTaJroBJrolK euuft.
2. OEIIII,IETEOPETHqECKHE VI METO.U.HIIECKI,IE
OCHOBbI B cncreMax I,IB[B qacro npHxoAr.rrcrnpHMeHflTb.Hacoc--
P A U H O H A JHI 3 A I I H H Hoe o6opyAoBaHIIeAJIfl noAaqn BoAbrH3 HcrorrnuKaBocrroJlHe-
llo BonpocaM reopuu H MeToAHKHI4B[B ony6nuxoBarro Hlrfl, a raKx(e orKar{HBarbBoAy Hs soAosa6opoB.Heo6xoAHMo
crpeMHrbcf K MHHHMyNTy raKofo noAbeMaBoAbr.cne4yer MaK-
Pqr_pa6or [5, 10, 28, 29 14 Ap.] . Paquoua nlsar\vrn crrcreM cHMaJIbHo HcnoJIb3oBaTb IIpHpoAHbIe yc/'IoB4fl. AJtfl,cXeMbI caMO-
EBIfB nponol.rrcfl Ha pnAe o6texroe e CCCp v sa py6exora. re.{Hof i cHcTeM bI I 4BNB. f lo I {M eI oI I I HM cf AaHHbI M , noAbeM
oAsaxo roJrbKo HeAaBHoHaqailr4ny6n'xoBarbcfl Teoperuqec-
B O AbrBHyr pr . r cHcr euu t r 4BlI B ynenzr iHBaer ee ce6ecr oHM ocr b
KHe rr MeroAHrrecKtre crarbH no paqHoHalrl/^galq.HucHcreM
Ha 25-750/o no cpaBHeHHro c caMorequoli cucreuofi. B AO.nnHe
]1PnB (H, A. flrrornuxos,l97g [2i], A. O. llopn4uu, lg7g p. Apar nn ce6ecr oHM ocr b BoAbr r r 3 canaor eqnor ? cHcr eM br
t23] H Ap.). B neprroA H3brcKaHuir-ucroqHr{r{oBeoAocHa6- I4B[ B
)KEHHfl, BKJI}OqArcqHX BAPHAHTbI CI4CTCM I4BNB,
I r una c npeABapnr eJr br r br MyJr yqueHneM Kar r ecr Ba Bo-
IIPH NPO.
CKTI{POBAHI/'H H 3KCTIJIYATAI\LII4 CHCTCM CJICAYCT U3YIIATb A br or cr aHBaHHeM r . r nocJr eAyr ouHM xJr opHpoBaHHeMCO CTaBJI R-
BO3MOXHOCTH HX
er 0,7 Kon. sa I ut, npu cpeAHer?ce6ecror,rMocrn
BoAbr2 ron.
P AUI4OHAJIH}AI\UW. TIPN HsbICKAHHflX B paquoHaJrbHo pa6orarcrlr4xcHcreMaxI rnna I4BnB c rroAa-
Heo6xoAMo tlpoBeAeHHe IrefieycrpeMJreHHbrxHccJreAo sauuft qerl eoAbr H3 peK ?r o3ep HacocaivrH
IIpHpoAHbrx, caHHTapHbrxv nporrHx ycnoellrt, .rro6H no- H OTKaqrOftee H3 BOAO3a-
JIYqI{Tb 6op9n norpy)KHbrMr.r HacocaMr.r.
Hecxonrxo MeHbIue2 xon. 3a
AOCTATOqHbICAA'HHbIC T,JIfl AHATIKI}A BO3MOX(HOCTI,
p a q r{ o H a J rH s a r\H HC trc re M npH rrpoeK TH poB I u3 cronr BoAa npqloAtenre BoAbrH3 BOAosa6opoaco cKBa.
aH V rn.Irl syueH raeB o3_
Mox{Hocrefi parlHoFraJrvrsa\krwcacreM I,IBIIB cneayer npoAo.r_ )KHHaMr.tcuQoHona.VAerueBrirb ce6ecrouMocrb noltr MO)KHO
> K a rb n p H H X 3 KC rrJ ry a T a rtH H ,FraK anJrH B af A aH H bre o pa6ore
np?I paBHoMepHoft no4aue BoAbr'H3clrcrenrnrIrIBflB c nonHbrM
HCrroJrb3oBaHHeM ee pacxoAa, ycrpolicrBoM Heo6xoAHMbrxpe_
SJTeMeHTOB Cr{CTenAU. I(poMe rofo, AoJrx(eH [poBoAHTbCfl aHailH3
ryJrr{pyrcilrHxerui<ocrefi(pesepnyapon), opfarrH3aquefirJraHo_
9T H X A a H H b rX C y r{ e T o M TOrO, r{TO B C e S JreMeH Tbr cH cTeMbI
Bo-npeAynpeAHTeJrbHofo peNroHraB rrepHoAbrBbrcoKtrxyponHer?
I 4 B | IB B 3 a H Mo c Bfl s a H b r. l l oaronry npu paunoH a Jrl sar\H vr H
H3 M C H C H H H
B peKax (np" TTHTaHHH H3 HHxso,q,osa6opoB), a rarx" i, ceso-
P C } K I4 M AB OA HOM3JIC MC H TC C H C TC MITLIB IIB rrC O6. HbI cHHx(eHHg norne6nocru R Rore
x o A H Mo rrp o B e p fl rb ..p a 6 0 ry A pyfH x s.neMeH roe.H anpH Mep, yB e-
JIHIICHI,ICCXOPOCTCfi ABH>KEHHfl BOAbI B UTTQU,TTSTPAIIHOHHbIX
Paccmorpyr_r.tiotopr. *oilnp.tHbrenyr, parIHoHa
JrH3a-
6accer2sax Mox(er yxyArur{Tb KarrecrBo BoAbr, no,uyrl2sMa; trg UHHcncrenal{BnB.
B o Ao 3 a 6 o p o e n o A 3 e M rrb rxB oA , H Jtv ruA poA l l savrnqecrH r? K nA
T ' a a ru x H H $ n " n l rp a rl H o H Hbrx 6acceri H oe. H exoropoe yxyA rfl e- 3. PA{HOI{AJIH3ATIHfl HBnB npH H3brc,KAHHfX
Hne noKa3areJrefi orAentHbrx sJTeMeHTOB MO>Ker 6Urt AOTTyCTLI- H NPOEKTI{POBAHHH
Mb rM. H a n p n n n e p , n p a a H re H cH S r.rxaquu pa6orn H H Qul brpaurr-
THn II cxeMa I,IBNB, a TaK}Ke ee gJIeMeI.ITbIc
oH H b rx 6 a c c e fi u o s t4 s u ,rrnrp a\H H B B oA OH OC H OMrOpH sOH Te AeT anfl,Ml4
N U 6 UPAI O TB 3ABHCHM O CTH O T NPHPO AHbI XI { CAHHTAPHbI X
M O X { e r H e M H OT Oy x y Aru a rb cfl noK a3areJrb K oJrH -H H A eK C B B OA e YJI O .
N U fi, HX HSiUCHCI . I UiI
NPH sKCnJI YATAI {HH
H BO 3M O }KHbI X
B o Ao s a 6 o p a , H o rtp u n o c J l e A yroi l l eM xJropH poB aH H I{B oA a 6yaer TCXI I H-
'{ecKr{K peureHr,rfi. floeronay ueo6xoAi{Mo
HM e T b B b rc o K H eKo H AH U H O H H bIe K arIecTB a. Becrn rdeJreH
anpaBrreH-
HO prccJreAoBar{r'irr rrpHpoAHbrx yc"rronufi c oAr{oBpernrenuuu
2.t4
 AHAJIHSOMBO3MO)KHbIXBAPHAHTOBTCXHHIIECKHX Ee.rru xe B cncreMe HtsnB npousBoAtrcfl. rrpeABapnT€Jrb-
PCIUCHHfiHC.
T O IIH H K O BB O A O C H A 6 > XC H NBNK, /IIOqA fl H B IIB . C N C A OB A TC JIbH O, Ho_e_y4yrrureHHe KarrecrBa BoAbr, HanpHMep, AJrrr II rHna
ylKe Ha paHHHx craAuffx asucxauurt cJreAyer upeAycMarpn_ HB[B, ro noBbrueHuer, €ur€ 6onee saxHo. flpnuuuax cro-
Barb 6o.nee ruHpoKr,IeuccJreAoBaHufl,pesyJrbrarbl Koropbrx He- HMOCTbnOJrHOronpeABapr{TeJrbHofoyflyqrrreHr.rflKar{ecrBa no-
o6xoAnvro aHaJrnsnpoBarbBMecre c [poeKTHpoBIrlHKaMLr,rrro- BepxHocrHbrxBoA AJrfl II rHna I4BnB oKoJro l-2 Kon. 3a
6H sbrgBJrsrbparrr{oHaJrbHbre BapHaHTbrHcrorrHHKoBnoAocua6- I uB BoAbr yAeueBJreHHeno cpaBHeHHroc BbrrrreonncaHHbrM
N(eHHfl,B rracrHocrH I4BnB. Boaee no4po6no ,cBf3b lr3brcKa- [pHMepoM MOX(HOnoflyrrnrb Ha xaxAufi nporleHT cHr.r]r(eHnfl
NUfi c npoeKTHpoBaHI{eM'I4 poJlb TIocJIeAHeroB Ha[paBJIeHHI,I xoeQQurlueHranpr{MepHos 2-4 paza 6o,unrue.KoeQSHqHeHr
tlgltcKaHHli H, B qacrHo'crl{, lto craAarfl,MpIgJIo)I(eHbIB rJIaBe
. IV, il. 2. Ha caMbrx paHHHx nrr onpeAerrrercn ro Qoprrlyne (62) u Ap. Lnn orIeHKHeQ$er-
craAuflx usHcNaHHfi r.r npoeKTr.r- ruBHocru I4BIIB noJrb3yrorcr raKxe xoeQQnqneHronr atpQer-
POBAHHfl CJICAYCT ACJIATb AHAJTH} BOsMOX(HbIX IPOCKTHbIX TLIBHOCTV Tlr, XOrOprrfr[peAcraBJrfler orHotueHHe pacxoAa Bo-
PC.
uresaft 'cr4creM I,{B[IB cHarrafia cxeMarlrqnblx, a B KoHrIe AbI, noJlyuaeu-otiBoAosa6opoM3a crrer unQunurparlnoHHbrxco-
nepuoAa Ha ypoBHe 'fOA.
opyxeuuli AQ, Ko tsceMy pacxoAy no4osa6opa roAseMHbrx
Ha craAHH nporHo3HpoBaHLrflr4sbrcKaH ufr s npoqecce npeA- BoA Qs. Sror xoeQQaqneHr onpeAerrnercflno QopvryrraM(64)
BapHTeJrluofi pa3BeAKH BbrflcHflercf, B qacrHocrtr, BoSMoX(- H (65).
HOCTb HCNOJIb3OBAI{Hfl AHAJIOTOB ANN OIIEHKH SKCNJIYATAIIHOH. Cnelyer r{Merb B BHAy, qro B cBsgu c nocrynJreHr.reM HH-
HbIXsanacoB noA3eMHbrxBoA r{ cocraBJreHr{flT3A, T. e. coKpa- QHnrrpaquouuofi BoAbr r4s 6acceftuoe, cKBax(HH,KaHaJroB,a
IqeHHfl O6reua ustrrcxaunfr, nx cpoKoB eHUOJrHesusH cHH- TaKX{e C H S M e H e H I { e M n O J I O } K e H H f l A H H a M H T T e C K O T Oy p O B H f f y
)KeHHflCTOIrMOCTI4,
a raKx(e 6onee npocroe, Ho o6ocHogaHHoe cKBaxHH r{ co.[porraBJreHHli npn BXoAeB cKBax(HHbrAoJrfl pac-
- peureHtneT3A. Tar<ofi MeroA rpr4HnMaercfl no KoMnJreKcHoMy xoAa no4osa'6opa 3a cqer ApyrHx HcrorrHHKoBnocrynJreHHfl
aranagy HgbrcKaHvtft
u [poeKTHbrx petueuufi,. BoAbr Kp_oMeunQuntrpaquoHHbrx coopyxenufi 6yaei H3Me-
HflTbcfl. Kponaeroro, ueo6xoAuMo HMerb B euAy HgMeHqHBocrb
fiocrynJreHr{ff BoAbr Hg uusu.utrp arrHoHHbrxcoopy)KeHnfi, a
4.noBbrr[
EH Hi, EcKoFoKrrA TaK)r(e r.rsMeHeHna yponHefi noA3eMHbrxH noBepxHocrHux BoA.
.lf#;?ilf*ffiJ TetrperuqecKue pacqerbr xoeSQurIHeHToBrr n rla.6o.nee
HaAexHbr Alrfl,rpocrbrx yc.nonnr:r.Eonee crporo Qoprvryny(58)
MOX(HO nPeACraBHTb B BHAe:

( 120)
rae xQnotr -- .(orIIOJIlHHTeJIbHbre
fiSMeHeH[trnpr.rToKaiBo[AbrB no4osa6,opa
oBff3r.r-c
pa6omfi unQu.nlrparluouHbrxcoopyx6.uufi.
flprn HepaBHoMepHbrxpacxoAax rauQunmpaqr{ongbrx co-
opyxreHzfi 14 no4oea6opa xoeQQnrlH€HrrlI,I,KaK npaBHJro,
yxyArxaercs 14 ce6ecroHMocrb BoAbr yBerHrrHBaercfl. llpra

pble MoN(HopaccrrnTarb no KapTe rnApolrsofunc, ilocrpoeHHolt

IIo AaHHUrrrHa6trcAeunfi 3a poKr.rMoM[oAseMHbrx BOA.B eronr
cfiyrrae pacqer.SgeQ$HrIHeHroB rlu H rls A€Jraercfl ro soprrry-
JraM (120) H (64). V,nyqu.Hue srr{x xoaeQHrLHeHroBMox(Ho
[_oflyrrarb AJrfr pasfir4rlHblxyc.nonurl pa3fiHrrHbrMH
, CnoCO6amU.
Hanpuue!, AJrff oAnofi cucreuri HBIIB yfiyquenue KflA
rlu Ao 0,7 nonyqeHo B pesyJlbrare ycrpoficria AonoJrHr{reJrb-
q17
 HOroBoAO3a 6o.p_?.
Ha ocFroBe A:fl€lrr4sa
coorHorlleuHfi
AedHroe [Ipu $unrrp agr4 qepes nJreHKy saAep)KnBalorcfl BsBeIIreHHEile
(-58). Be.rruq'HbrpacxoAa soAosa6opoB r.r r{H, B euIeCTBa, B SHaI I HTenr , HO f tCTeileHH M HKpO O pTaHH3M bIt 4 He-
l?. -9:I:]:ju
QHJIbrparlHoHHbrx6accefiHon, a raK)Ke yrerrKrr B ciopony flo. K oTopble BpeAHbI e BeI I lecTBa, pacr BopeHHble B BoAe. Kaqecr no
flylreHbrHa ocHoBaHHHAaHHbrxsa6npAeHnfi
sa pex(r4MoM noA_ sO4oi s 6aicef t He I agM eHf leTcf TaKlKe c yBeJI HqeHHeMr ny6I 't Hlt :
seMHbrx BoA H pa60r-ofi flpnr pr,{"o"u rrftsa\Hll JIeToM BoAa MeHb[Ie nporpeBaeTcfl, a suN'IOfi MeHb[Ie OXJIa)K-
yl(asaHHorl cucrbuu I4B[B ^'6"tni
:ojppKesuft.
ranonoroBaHbr AonoJrHH_ A aeTcf . . f ny6uHa BoAbI B 6accef ise BJI Hf ler H Ha pa3BHTHe
Te/rbHbreMoulHocrr,rHacocHori crauqHH 14
nponycKHafl cnoco6_ IJIaH KTO Ha, TaK I ( aK M eHf eTcf l ocBeu{eHHocTb''TeM nepaTypa H
HOCTb AJIHHHOTO BOAOBOAA
AO TOPOAA. MyTH o cTb BoAbI . Cxopocr u Q Hnm paI I I 4H B 6accef isax pas, r t l'I q-
Hbre _ 0,5-3 vr/cyr, rrTo BJrHfleT Ha cTeneHb orrHcTKH eOAbI.
5. YJIYqIIIEHHEKAqECTBABO,qbI P e r y n u p y n p a s B I a T H en J I a H K r o H a , o 6 p a s o n a H H e 1 4 p a B H o M e p -
ubcrl pacnpeAeJleHl{f l nJI eHI {H, r ny6uny 6accef iua H cKopocr u
I(a,recreo noBepxHocrH_brxBoA cJreAyer alallr4gwpoBarb,Ha.-
rrHHar c HcroqH,i(a I,{BnB,
no Bcex eio coopyx(eH'rrx, BKJrrOr-
qafl H BOAOHOCUnifirop'3.Hr. paccnaoTpr{MycJIoBHffr{ B'3MO)K-
HOCTHyilyqueHHf r{asecrBa BoAbr B CrACrenrax
I,IBnB
JIHqHbIX 3T'ANAX. ";t;.
BCSAC B I(AqCCTBE I4CTOqH}IKA H brx 6 accellr Hax H3M eHeHI , I f lB BoAe 6lt nu cJI eAyI ouHe: oKllc-
ocTHbreBoAbr.B pexax, o3epax Jlretvlocru KMnO+ c 17,3 Ao 4,6 ur1.rr i N Ha c 0, 14 Ao
ccroflHafl or 6epera H Ans pa3_ B
0,17nrr/;r;NOz c 0,04 nr/n Ao cJIeAoe. nepBoM cfiyqaeyry'I-
loAbr, nocryrrarcueli e no4oea6op noKa3aTeJIfMnoJly-
ureHHe KaqecTBaBOAbItIO npHBeAeHHbIM
oTJll{qaercfl no MyrHocTH' no KoJluuecrny
nJrartrKToHa H apyr",i,
[oKagareJrflM. Oiu nasHbre BbrflBJrflrorcfl
no rHApoJIorHrrecKHM
MaTepHaJIaM'TeoperHqect(t'tM pacqeraM,
a rJIaBHoe-, no
HaTypHbrM crar_u{ouapHbrM ua6nrcAeHHflM.
Ilosrovrv nu6op
yrracrKa n rnyluHbr, c r{oropbrx
6yayr noa"ynu""
Hble BoAbt B BoAolpHeuHlrk, flBJrfleTcf "o".pxHocr-
eaxHoli eaAa,reli npr{
i noBepxHocTHbrxBoA rdo- sa crler 66nnurux Qnnltpa[u-
", Abr [oflyrraeTcfl, IIo-BHAHMoMy,
icnJryararlHu cucreM I,IBnB oHHbrX CeofiCre AHa TpaBflHbIX6acceIlHon, a TaKX(e H3-3a
BoeMo)KHoTaKx{e npooa4urr* csoficre $nntrpyroilIero MarepnaJla. HeAocraToqHoe oKHc/le-
lHHTapHbrx MeponpHsrnft Arrfl HHe aMMHaKanpu $unbTpa[HH rlepe3 rpaBflHble 6accet?Hot no-
yJlyjlureHHf r{aqecrBa r{cxoAHbrxnonepxHocrHbrx
BoA. flyqaflocb no BceM npH3HaKaMv34a HeAOCTaTOqHO'|O KOJIHqe-
_ Ka'recrBo BoAbr g r.us,un*parlHouHoM 6accefiue yJryqua- crBa KHcJIopoAa,a TaKx(e paSBHTHfopraHH3MoBnpa 6naro-
ercfl KaK B caMoM 6accefise, Tar(
rrreHKy H saKo/rbMar'posaHuHrl cnort \ rp' 6rgorpau*" qepe3 npHflTHbIXycJIOBI{flX B nOqBeHHOM CJIOeH TpaBflHOMnOKpOBe.
n6cnu. Bt;;;;pe6'sa_ B pesy"rrbrare HHTeHcHBHo npoAyKTbI N4era6orns-
BbIAeJIflJIHcb
HI'Ifl BoAbI B 6accefiHe
-soAe
npoAoJIX(aeTcfl or rre^11D !!n
HecKo.r-TT.T.Lr.!. rra rt n6a r r . t F o ( l r /rlrrrrrwnlr) r\,Trirrrr.|qr^rrT[ra
v r rvrtrHqrvrqt!v
rvrIn/ rn a I Ju lr,rtrrreuf r, 't^I -vTr . V
v n fwf U f v^rrrv f,fp
r Jl f f e. .f 4 KA-
IIecKorrbKHx
cyro*. B uHQu.rrnrprr{"";;;;^^ 6;;ffi;
lvlct tL ycrardrClr
qeCTBa BoAbI npu Qu.nrrp a:q:avt qepe3 rp aBflHbIe noKpoBFI
IJTaHKTOH -HaIrHqHH
pa3B,Baercfl B aepo6uux yinonraax.
aBrorpofuux MHr(poopraHHsMoB np, rpe6yer Aanruefiuux I4cc/IeAonaunfi. B rpnMepe clIcTeMbI
Ha cBery (6accehurrorKpbr- I4BnB e r. IIsHKKay, Kcrarn, ue 6ut.no3oHbIaspauull, Bax(Ho'
*te) yBeflHrrnBaercfl r(oHqeHrpauurx"cnop,iau. n p.urynrrare
)KHSHCACflTEJIbI{OCTI' _KHCJIOPOAA rO SJIEMCHTA A.IIfl YJIYI{IUCHHfl KAqECTBA BOAbI.
OP.AHI,I3MOB H
NPOHCXOAI{T 9HCPTUIIHOC OKHCJICHTAC
YBCfiHqCHHfl HenocpeAcrBeuuo noA 6accefisoM Mox(er HaxoALITbcfisolla
)KE BPCMff NOA BJIPIflHITCM >KH3HCACflTCJIbHOCTH
OPrA HHKH B BOAC. HO N iO aapauun HnH vpoBeHb rpyHroBblx BoA. B nepBoM cryqae no
C H H T E 3 H P V C T C f lO P . A H H K A C N O r u I O U { C H H C M
OPTAHH3MOM HeKoropbrMAaHHbrMttpoucxoAur 6o;tee eHeprutlHoe oKHcJIeHHe
gactr PASJII{qHbIX BEUIECTB. opraHHKHH saAepx(HBaHHe MHKpoopraHIl3MoB. floetovry IreJIe',
rpaanot*.pacrBopeHubrx,
^e Berr{ecrBnofJrorqaercf q r o 6 u oAnopa, a noA
roHoM,xoroprrH sua.i,,re',,ri:Hori nJraHK- coo6pa3Ho, 6acceftstt p a 6 o r a l u 6 e s n
.r*n.iri^";;;;iilrn AH(J. HHMH6un 6u cnoft soHbl aepauuu xorr 6ut ua 2-3 u.
218
219
 B BoAoHocHoMropusoHTe yflyqIIIeHI{e KarlecrBa BoAbI rtpo'
HCXOAHT nO pasHbIMnOKaSareJIffM:
reMneparype unsunrrpaqlaoHuofi noBepxHocruofi BoAbI'B
BOAOHOCHOM CJIOe,KOTOpaflMOXeT BbIpaBHHBaTbCfl, rITO B OC-
HoBHoM6y4er BaBucerbor reMIIeparypbl noBepxHocruoft BoAbI
Lr BoAoHocHororopHgoHTa, paccroflHHff kr BpeMeHI{npe6una-
ryHfl uHQunnrpaquonuor? BoAbI, a raKll(e . or Apyrux ycl_gaIt
3ro cJreAyer yqnrblBarb npu npoeKrHpoBaHI{HcncreM I4B[B
H,,B r{acTHOCTH, nO aHaJIOraM.
CaHHTapHo-6axrepuoJtoruqecKl{enoKasareJlH. flpaxrnxa
B CCCP 14sa py6exorr,r rroKasbrBaer,rrro s 6onruuHcrBe cJIy-
qaeB npn QHnrrpa4Hu B BoAoHocHoMropl4soHTeKoJII4qecrBo
MHKpoopraHr{sMob n eoAe 6rtcrpo yMeHblrlaercff3a cqer orMH-
pattrn H aAre3w; B pesyJlbrare o6stqHo I43 eoAoga6opoB BoAa
floflyqaeTcfl c no/ro>KHTeJrbHbrMHcaHI{TapHbIMHnoKaSaTeJIflMH
qncJra xonoHur?6axrepHfi (npn noceBe B cpeAe MnA) H KoJIH-
uHAeKca. Olnaxo Bcrpeqarorcfl cJryrrau, KorAa BoAa IIo orHM
[oKa-3areJrffMnoJryqaercfl Hrrx(e, rreM no |OCT 2874-73.
B gTHx cflylraflx npov3BoAflT flocJleAylouee yfiyqureHue Kaqe'
crBa BoAbr, o6H,rHo xJropupoBaHr4eM, a raKx{e npHHHMaIoTcfl
Mepbr x 6onee HHreHcHBHoMyyflyqueHnro BoAbr Ao nocrynJle-
Hkrfl B BoAoHocnufi ropugoHT. , AOHOCHbTX ropH3OHTaX.
XuunqecKne noKagaT€Jru; Xuuuqe cxvttt cocraB ucxoAuofi
BOAbIB BOAOHOCHOM rOpHSOHTe MeHreTCflMa/rOH B OCHOBHOM
ga crreTcMerxHBaHHr c ecrecreeHHofi ltoAgeMHofieoAofi.
Eonrtuoe BJTHflHHeHa KaqecrBo BoAbr B BoAoHocHoMropu-
goHTe oKa3blBaror roKcHrIHbIeo6ulecaHuTapHbleu opraHoJleil.
THqecKHepacrBopeHHbre BeulecrBa B r.rcxoAHofiBoAe. Bolo-
HocHbreropu3oHTbr o6H,rHo o6.naAarcr orpaHuqeHHbIMHcop6-
UHOHHbIMH BOSIvIO)KHOCTflMH H JIHIIIb HeKOTOpbIe KOMfiOH€HTbI
MOryT flepexoAHrb B HepacTBopHMbIecoeAHHeHHflH saAep)r(H-
BaTbcfl B BOAOHOCHOM rOpH3OHTe,HanpHMep CBr4HerIrIpH ero
nepexoAe B ocaAoK H To npu He6o.nrurux flpeBbnrreHr{flxrro
B HcxoAHofisoAe cpaBHHreJIbHoc nAK.
KoHrIeHrparryrrl
BoAonocuutfr, ropusoHr npr4 KparKoBpeueuuux sarpssHe-
HHflx LI npH HeBbICOKHx KOHII.eHTpaIIHffXBpe,iI-HbrX.Berrr.eCTB
cpaBHure/rbHoc n,4K qBngercs 6aprepoM, r. e. npu onpeAe-
JIeHHbrxycJroBHflx[poHcxoAHT KaK 6w pacreKaHne- cHax(e-
HHe KoHrleHrpau.uwBDeAHbrxBeurecrB, H B BoAo3a6op BoAa
Irocrynaer c KoHueHrpauraefi BarpflsHureJrfl Hr{x(e nAK. Pac-
rrerbr 6aprepnofi ponn npor,rsBoAflT
no Teopr{HMaccofiepeHoca.
Koraa un@nnlrpaqHoHHbre 6acceltubr H BoAoHocHbrfiropn-
C yfiyqueHHeM Kar{ecrBa BOAbr AO Tpe-
sOHr He CIIpaBJIflrOTCfl
6oeaunrt |OCT 2874-73 c yueroM xrropupoBaHuff,ro npous-
BoAflr npeABapureJrbHyroBoAonoAroroBKy, u, ecilLr rpe6yercn,
[ocJleAyrcqee yflyqu]er-rneKaqecrBa BoAbr.PaAnraJrbHbrMuAJrn
230
tlonyqeHHfl HcxoArrblx noBepxHocrHblx BoA B cooTBeTcTBHHc
rpe6onaHnfMu K HcroqHHKaMxosqftcrBeHHo-nnTbeBoroBoAo-
cua6xeuus (FOCT 1.3.03-77) rBJrflIorcr caHr{rapHbreoxpaH-
Hbre MeponpHfrTafl.
6 . C O X P A H E H H E H YB EJIHII EH H E PACXOAA
BO AO ?AEO PHbTX H NOTJIOUArcIIIHX CKBAXH H
BoAosa6opunte 14 nofJlou{arculne cKBaxI{HbI B pe3yJlbrare
HeparrHoHaJrbHbrx cnoco6oe 6ypeuun, n cBflgt{ c HeBbIcoKI{MLI
QHntrp aqHoHHbrMHceor?crnaMu BoAoHocHbrxnopoA, a raKx(e
HeparruoHaJIbHbrM o6opy4oBaHHeM BoAonpueuHor?HX rracrn
Moryr AaBarb He6onuurHe Ae6nru. ParrHouaJrbHbrecnoco6ut
BcKpbrrufl BoAoHoc.HbrxropoA vr cnoco6u o6opy4oBaHufl r.rx
Qunmp aMu onucaHbr B cneuHaJrbHblxpyKoBoAcrBax. Taxxe
onucaHbr Lr cnoco6u ynenaqeHr{flpacxoAa cKBa)KHHB doAoHoc-
Hbrx [cpoAax c HeBbIcoKr4MH QunnrparrHoHHbrMHceoricrs AMH,
B rracrnocrlr, flyreM BgpbIBoB,irpoxoAxoft 6oarruuu AHaMer-
poM c 3acblnxofi o6parHblM SHnlrporr,t B MeJrKo3epHucrbrxBo-
OAnpru Hs BHAoB pauHoHaJrH3arIHH no4osa6opHbrx H no-
rJrou{aurlHx cKBilr(uH rrpu yMeHbrrreHHHco BpeMeHeMr{x pac-
xoAa flBJrffeTcfl'cooTBeTcTBeHHoBoccTaHoBJreHHe r{x pacxoAa H
npHeMucrocrn, rrro BbInoJrHrercfl p aoflurrubrMr{cnoco6auu
B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT rrpHqHH,Bbr3BaB[rHXyMeHbrueHHepacxoAa
v npHervrHcTocTH.
r{acrr arr{x cnoco6os o[HcaHa B rJraBeVIII, a
Apyrue
cuoco6nronucaurr B cfleuuaJrbHbrx
KHHrax.
7 . y J l y q I I I E H H E H E n O C , p E A C T B E H H O TnO
HTAHHt
C H C T E MH I B I I BH 3 P E K
3Ha.rnreJrbHafl qacrb cucreM I,IB[B noflyrraer rroAnr.rrbl-
BaHHe He roJrbKo LrB cneuuaJrbHbrxcoopyx{euuft, Ho npu HH-
Quarrpawrr HerocpeAcrBeHHovr Hs peK. flpu eroM pycaa peK
r{acro 3aHJrHBarorcfl,conporr{BJreHHflnpu nuQHJrbrparIHHBoAbI
yBeflHrlHBarorcffH BeJIHrrr{Ha raKoro nHTaHHfl rroA3eMHbIXBOA
coKpaIuaeTcfl.
A,ns BoccraHoBJreHHrSH.rrmpauHor-rHbrx ceoficrs cJreAyer
BepxHIoIo SaHJIeHHyIO qacTb pycJra peKH yAa,rrflTbHJrr{pbIxJII{Tb,
yrlHTbrBafl, qTo r(oJrbrvlarr4pyrcu1ufi
MeJrKo3eMyHocr{Tcfi eoAofi
npH 'reqetrPlH peKH.
xxi,
 PaunureB cHcreMeI,IBIB (puc. sl) pa6,ora,BoAosadopI, noJry-
uatoult'tti BoAy H3 cKBalKI'IHc rloMoulbro cuQoHa. Bo4a
,us osepa {HaKaqH-
BaJracb B r.rnQH.nrr,parlHoHHHe6accefiHu;
KnA 4n BoAbil, ,noAaBaeMofi B
6acceiilr, cocraBJrrJr or(oJro 0,4s, r,ns nonbrrr-reHHff .HHoHnbrparrgoH-
KI14
Ilbrx datccel?HosBblcrpoert Hosrrf.r no4osa6op r4s cKBa)KHHIII
' (puc. El).
Cxea)KHHbl 6ypri.rrrrct r/:600-800 MM poropHbrM cnoco6ovr c o6parHofi
nponaunrofi. @Hnlrponan 'KoJroHHa6una K?p,KsC,HOCTepxHeBoro
rgna c
o6,uorr<or?;AHa,Merp - oKo/ro 200 rrl *r Anuna g_15 M;
.rrpolB,ofl,oq,n,ofi
Puc. 50. Cxeuarnqecrnfi paspes no cKBa.
JTHHHH no4osa6opon )I(HHrH,ocrb17:-20010. Orlnlr,poua, KoroHHa o6cunanacb
oAHo_AByxcnofiHofi
I - BoAoHocHHe necgaHo-rpasufi- rpanur?uofi ga'cunxofi. flpru ,r*o"
HbIe ortoxexHq; 2 -necrralrr{Ku; Qu.nnrpe y4e.nrnnrt Ae6Nr cKBax(HH yBe-
3 - rn,H;rir JrHrlrrJrcffn '1',,5-5 'pa3 no ,qpaBHerHHrO
C paHee cyulecrByrourgMg. HOSUft so-
4osa6op III no cpaBrteHHlo c ilpe)r(Hnrvr6un Kopoqe rr cKBax(r.rH B HeM
3'HaqHTeJIb'HO MeHblu,e,Ho yAeJrbHafl uoAaqa Ha I rra
anuHbl ero [oflyrlilnacb
B HecKoJrbllgrp?3 6o.tt ute, qeM Ha nrpelKrHeM eoAosa6ope.
B uur,pu.rrutpaq,lloH'Hbte 6accefinn' Aotto,'rHnreJrbHoBoAbr He noAaBa.
Jlocb' Ho I{x KnA q" yBeilllllurcff B 1,5 pasa, a xoaSSHrrHeHT
eesercrHn-
H'o'Q1:14' Tla TaK)K€ yBefiHqli"lcq eule na 2570. IIp,H ycrpoficrne
Ao,[oJrHHTeJrb-
rioro BoAoea60pa III 6stta Aono.rrHrrre.rrbHci BKJrroqeHaHeAOI.ICnOJrb3oBaHHaf
MoruH,ocrb coopyrxeuurl u o6opy4onaHne, ,Ho, r.[aBHoe npaMeHH"[H
paIIHo-
HaJrhFroercoBpeMeHuoeo60p![orB8Hue. Haupunrep, ToJIbKO
3a cqer KnA
llu no.rluer{a gKo}ioMtrrrnopflAKa 50 rurc. py6. B rol. ce6ecToHMocrb
BOAbr
II3 BoAo3a6opa III \4BIIB no"rry,rsna0,92 Kon.3a I nns eoAbr
rr oKynHJrcfl
gToT BoAo3a6op I}pn lpoAax<,uori
croHM,ocrH BoAbr 4 xon. sa I Ms aoAbr.
sa 2,2t foAa. Sror npuMep noKa3brBa,erBblcoKyn eQSeKT[.rBiHocrb yMe-
noir ,pauH,oHaJru:3ar\u\.Kporure sTofo noJryrlgHg AOIIOJTHHTeJIbHO oKoJIO
Pnc. 51. Cxemaruqecxnft nlan cn- 30 000 u3/cyr BoAbt rKoItAHIIlIoHHoron""uauoao KaqecrBa, gro,
KoHeqHo,
creMbr HBnB yJIyquII{JIO calIHTapHbIe ycIIoBHn, a or srof o gr(orroMHrrecKaff
I - HHd)HnbrparIHoHHble 6accefi nrr: rleHHocrb,
2 - 6eper o3epa; J- ru4pou3e.
KOHeqHo,yBeJIHr{HJlacb.
rHncbr; lt-oSepo; HanpaBteHHe f l p n u e p r p H B e A e Ht s o c H o B H o Mn o A a H H b r u p a 6 o r n
TeqeHHff [oA3eMHbrx Bo,q, noKa3aHo t4l.
crpe.nxofi

llpuuep lI. cu'creMa HBnB ;p?cfl'orro)KeHa oKorroo3epa Ha sJraooB,oJr-

HHcTofiMecrHoorl{,nopocuer? B ocHoBHoMxBor?HbrM JrecoM.floqna - uec-
gaHar, xoporrjonpoHHuaeNraq.
rF if ( aa rJt t'r- ioa^ n\ve^ i r 1 c i l r J i i i i ' u i j b i c i j u A b i i i p H y p o . i e H b l K n g e r l a H b l M (c rpanneu)
OTJIO)KEHHflM MOUIHOCTbIO BMCCTE C NP.O.CJIOflMHTJI'HHI,ICTbIXOTJIOX{EHHfi
B
SanaAHori qacrr{ Ao 50 M, a B BOCTOTTHOT? - Vvregbrrrarorcrr
Ao 30 M, Ho
6es rrr.rHacrbrxorJro)r(eunri(puc. 50).
BoAouo'cHblft ropru3onT noAcrHJlaercfl He curouHbrMH rJrH;HHcrbrMH orJro.
)I{gHHflMH..fl'o.u, rHrHiMH
Ba.Jletaer HatropHbr'ft BoAonocHblr:r fopH3oHT B nec-
qa'HIIKax' C KOTO'pbIrMH lpyHToBble BOAbI, IIO-IB'HAI-IMOMy, LIMeIOTfHApaBJIH.
rleoKylo cBfl3b, rIT'o AOKaSbIBaeTcfi K,oJIeSaiH'IttM'Hyp'oBHeft B 'peX(HMHbIX
cKBs)KH:Hax.VponeHb rpyHToBblx BoA orMerreH Ha rJry6nHe 2-6 u. KosS-
Ququeur Qu.nrlpaqulr BoAornoc,Hofo cJrol Kofle6,rercfl B n,peAeJrax g0-
BoAo3a6opa - or 0,b Ao b-10 nic.
90'rvrlcyr, yAerrb,Hbrfite6ur c'KBazKHH

222
 G r ( !
EX l-
7rl
dH 5
taa ( J o
A

r!
t\
F-

F
o. A

!t
0
n
x F{
E o)
(t)
E
o
(fl
o

o
,ral
a
d E
F H
(]l-
F.
ecQ
GlE Ft
liH

S o= ?ilff88
X F
=tJ
H .

= ( J (\l
(g
' 4 d
U
..0 ori
(Y)
=d
H(r)
(E (g
l Q a
Ft
o)
F A
a'l

-. -= os
t F
+ -
<€ cr r ( t ) t
i{
9 F Q 8 83
F.din
I 9
( ' l h
5 t (Jr
E O o
F E
( J =
()
X

v d
A C r )
5 o
Px'
d A

O E
l{
c) o 9 :
ta
eJ
o
3FB (D
o H

(!
i( d)

s:8s
^ <
6 o H F

rq o t
F0)
E
5[c;
l4 o
(u A
A a
E
<\O
*
H

x F
O
| q O
(J rA
0)
ldE E q)
a H ,Ex
3Eftr* R Q r
r X
(l)t
c) F;
U
c)x
tr
o E4E
q) \o ti
(JGI:I
gtE
odE

oql 225
 NPHJIO)T(EHHE II CNHCOK JIHTEPATYPbI
,
I

llonnurfi aHaflr{3 BoAbr l. Anexcees B. C., Fpedeunuron B. f., Acrpona H. ,8. fu4poreoJroruqe.
CXOE O.6OCHOBAHHC
MCTOAOB BOccTAHOBJICHHfn
l poH3BoAHTeJIbHocTH eKBax(HH
flon,it,urrt arrtaflHs B;oAbt Ae/taercfl B rcooTBer,criB,H:Hc H a B oAy.I / t . , BHI 4H BO AI 'EO , 1979,c. .91.
rpe6'o,naHHflMLI
rocT 2'874-73. 2. ,AuexceenB. C., I(orurvryHap I'. M. Pac.rer BoAo3a6opHbrx cKBa)KHHc
yIIeroM pa6orn BoAOnoAteMHoro o6opy,uonaHvfl. Hayu. rp. | .BHAkI
B OA | EO , , 19'7'7,nnn. 63', c. 59- 66.
3. A pue n A. H. , EouenepO . M , , , JlanuHr rH. H. n Ap. f lpoexr upoBaHHe
no4osa '6opon noA3eM HbrBoA.
x I I o4 pe4. @. M . bouenepa.- M . , Ct pof t -
vs1ar, l9t7'6,'c.2'92.
4. ,EepRaHoB rB. ll{. u Ap. HcxyccrneHHoenonoJrHeHne noA3eMHbrxBoA B
cncreMax xossficrseH,Ho-'ntrrbgBoro eo4ocHa6)KeHr.rfl. M., CrpoftHsAar,
197i8,c. ,260.
5. Eep4aHonB. M., ,[Iep.rrnHa A. M., IIopr4nH A. <D.H,ucyccrBenHoe ro-
noJIHeHHe noA3eMHbrxBoA (O6eop HccJreAoBauul'r o,rrbrra;npuMeHeHufl Me-
roAa B fAP). - O6ao,p uH,$oprvr. / UBHTI,I MnH>ru.uxoMxo3a PCOCP,
cep. BoAo*r a6x( eHneLr r ( aHaJr H3a( HrBbr , n. I ( 14) . M . , 1979, c. 3- 49.
6. EoroJrr,o6os K. c., Eypuax T. B. onpe4e"ueHne rpflsee'MKocruuH$Hnr-
rparlnoHHbrx6accefi,HoB. - Srcnpecc-HHQ./ OHTLI B,I43MC, ce'pHflVIII,
fH4poreoJrorusH LIH)'r(eHepuarr feoflornfl, etrn. 2, M., 1976.
7. EoroJIro6osK. C., Eypuar T. B. Cnofi'crna unncrofi rrJreHKH B HHQn.rru.
rpaquoHHbrxcoopylKeHuflx'olr(pbrrororu,na. - Hayv. rp. I BHl4Vl BOA-
fE O, cep. f u4por eod'r or r irBbr, n.52, M . , 1976,c. 241.
8. Eoronro6osK. C., KyernnnHaA. C. I,lcrnonb3oBaHHe KoHqeBbrx gua,sparu.
Ha uH{ln"rrrrparIHo'HHbrx 6accefiHax.ctrcreM HcKyccrBeHr{orononoJrHeHrrfl.
Hayuur_re_trtrg.c4eroBaHHfl s o6nacru nHxeuepuofi ruAporeoJrorHn. Hayu.
rp. / BHHI4 BOA|EO, nnn. 74. M, 1978,c. 213.
9. E ovenepQ . M . , Jlanunn H. H. , O pa4oncxanA. E. 3aunr a noA3eM .
I{bIXBoA oT 3arltpr3HeHHfi. - M., He4pa, l9'79, c. 2i5r4.
10. Eypuax T. B. HuQu.rrrrpaulroHHbre 6accefrHbr. - Kuee. Ey4ineauur,
1978,,c. 152.
I'1. FourAdepr B. M. fugporeodtrornqecKnenporrHo3brABHX(eHHn3anpfl3neH.
HbIXrrIo.(3€,MHbIX ,BoA. - M., He4pa, 19,76, c. 169.
12. Hncrpyxqran no npr{MeHeHHroKJraccHr$lrxaquu arrcnJryararlxon,Hbrx3a- .
nacoB IIoA3eMHbrx B,oA K Mecropo)r(AeHnaMnpecHbix BoA. Hncrpyxuun o
c o A e p l K a H H Ho, Q o p , n n e H l r u H n o p f l A K e , n p e A c r a B J r e H H B fl rocyAapcrBeHHylo
KoM.r.IocHIo tto 3anacaM rnoJre3HbrxHcr{orltaeMbrx npu Cosere MuuHcr,poa
CCC'P H TeppHTopHaJIbHbre 'KoMriccr{r.r no 3a'naca'MucKo,rraeMbrxMnHucrep-
crBa reoJlon.rn CCCP MarepnaJroB no noAcqery sKcnJrya'Tarrrnonnbrx 3ana-
NPHJIOXEHHE III coB npecHbrx rroA3eMHbrx'BoA. M., focy4a'p,crBeHHafl KoMHCCHff,rro ga-
n a c a M n o J r e 3 ' H b r xH c K C I n a e M bnr xp H C M C C C P , l g 7 B , c . 1 1 4 .
CoxpautenHufi alailvs BoAbr 1 3 . H c x y c c r n e H H o e f l o n o a l r e H r . r e3 a r r a c o B n o A 3 e M H b : x u o 4 . - M . , 3 u a u n e ,
I- . OITA
r . v t
:o
v .
lql9
I-r,^"t
il|p,n ^.A116d"r^r',"^r,
uuKrpd,i-tlclfriu'fti arHaJIIi3e 'BoAbI orIpeAeJIg[OTCfl: TeMne,paTypa, "c; 14. H c r yccr eeHHoeBocnoJr HeHHe noA3eM HbrBoA.
x Hayu. Tp. I BCE-
3.aIgJLnpu,*2A"C r rroAofpeBaHr.re
BoAbrAb +00"c s 6annax-n!"unry. np,u fI4HfEO, BbIn. 126, 1979, c. 7,5.
+20oc, n 6annax; rl'BerHocrbB rpaAycax,'"r/r' rMyTHocrb,MHHepaJr,H3arIHfl, 15. Kuproxun B. K., MeluxaHoBuuKanC. f., [Ineq B. M. Onpe4e.rreHue
(-Fru:u(no ,pasno,cru), Beulecr BB lr oA3eM Hbr, BoAax. - M . , Hegpa, 1976, c. 189.
9l_, so?-, Hcot, ca,"*,Mgr+, )Kerre3o
(Fez+
u opfaH ur r ecKux
16. Meto4uxa uccJreAoBauufi
x
Fet+), .- a3orncrafl KncJrora (NOz! a3orHafl Kr.rcJrora (NOr), 8M- 4.nn o6ocHosauuqHcKyccrBeHHOfo BocnoJlHe-
cno6ogrHurfr
KHc.nopoA02, oKHcrrreMocrb1n-p,,riH,raiidrua"i, Hr.rfl3anacoB noA3eMHbrxBoA. flpuuquntr pafionHpoBaHHff no y,cJroBHf,M
KaLJNHa),-
uzr L,oz - ,c,B,o6oAHrafl'; co3l a,Hr r frlr cr ( yccr uer r r r br
3anacoB
x M . , H3A. CO B, l9'77, c. 166.
a raKx(e, ,ur-gt<n/n:o6qag x(ecr,,Kocrr,xa,p6o,HaiJ
Hafl xecTKOcTb. 17. Mero.qu orreHKHpecypcoB,noA3eMHbrx BoA. Mex4yHapoAHar accouua-
uH fl rHApor eo. r r or oB. Tpy4nr .- M . , Hayna, 1E79, , c.34, 8.
1r8.II.rorHrxos H. A. EuonornqecKOe 3arpfl3HeHnertpecHbrx noA3eMHbrx
B oA .H HX oxpaHa.- Er on. M ocx. o- sa ncusr r ar e. nefnpHpoAbr i ,
cep. f eo-
JIorH fl,r . 5, su. n. 2, M . , 1980,, c. 110- 1'20.
19. IlrorHuros H. A, MurpoopraHn3MbrB npecHbrxnoA3eMHbrx BoAax. -
3xcnpecc-nu$opla.I BI49MC, cep. fr.r4poreo.rromf,nlrn. 4, 1981, c. l-10,
 20. IlJrorHnros H. A., Cuqen K. ll. OqeHra sKcnJryararluonHblx 3anacoB OTJIABJIEHHE
iloA3eMHbrxBoA c Hcr(yccrBelrHbrM ktx BocnoJrHeH'HeM,- M,, HeApa, 1976, crp.
c. l5l. IIpe4uc.ronHe 3
21 . l l ro rH n x o n H . H , Il .n o rH r,rxos H .A ., C nuer K . H . f r.r4poreoJrorHqe-
cK,ne ocHoBbt IlcKyccTBeullo,roBoctIoJIHeHHgSanacoB noA3eMHbrx BoA. f n a s a I . O 6 t l l n e B o n p o c H cHcTeM HCKyCCTBeHHOTO BOCnoJIHeHHq
M . , H e 4 p a , 1 9 7 8 ,' c . 3 1 1 . roA seMHblxBoA ( I , I BnB) o
22. Ilonxonnq f. C. AsroMarri3auuflH A.r.rcnerrrepn3arlnfl cHcreM BoAocHa6- l. HasHaqerruecncreM I,IBnB 5
)KeHr.rfl'LrKa*arrrrcarlr.ru. - M., Crpofins4ar, lg78, c. 1E8. 2. Tnnu c'HcreMI4B[B I
23. [Iopn4nn A. O. Vcrpor?crBoH oKcnJryarc\usunsn.rrrrpar{HoH.r{brx Bo- 3. llpunaeHeHne I4B[B B CCCP I{ sa py6exoru I
goaa6opoB.- M., Crpoirusgar, l'9,77,c. l28. 4. flcpcner{TuBbl npHMeHeuufl cucreNl I,IBT]B s CCCP
f. lrLywrrLl\lrrDur llyrlrvl!llvrral/r l3
24. Ilpanuua nu6opa u oueHKar(arrecrBaHcrorrHHKoB ueHTpaJrr{3oBaHHoro f n a s a I I . l l p n p o , u , H n e y c f l o B H c n p H M e H e H H ' cc n c r e M H B n B l3
x oss ri c rs e H H o -i rrH rb e Bnooro 4 o c ua6)K eH ufl . T 17.1.3.03 77. - M.. I{sa.
| OC l3
c r a H A a p T o B,1 9 ' 7 7c, . 1 2 . l. K.rruuarnqecKue ycJIoBHrI
25. Ilpann;ra texHuqecxorter(cn.lyarar\HHcncreM n,o4ocHa6)KeHHrr 2. fu4poreororurrecr(He ycJIoBI-Ifl t6
u Bo- ycJl,oBtlflH p*o. S 22
HiaceJreHHbrx -r.
Mecr. M., CrportlrgAar,1979, l17. 3. fu4p,oJror:Hqecjrc.Ie
AooTBeAeHHr
2'6r.IIpoeKTHpoBaHr.re r.rgKcrrflyaTarrfiq nogosa6opoBnoAseMHbrx no4. - M., ['.rr a n a III. CxervrucucreM I'lBnB H vrx nu6op 28
3ua H n e , 1 9 7 9 ,,c . 1 5 8 . l. O6uraq xapal{repucruKa 28
27. PexomeH4arlur.r no lipoBeAeHHrc pe]KHMHbrx Ha6nroAeunrtHa yrracrKax 2. Cucrerr,rn I rnna (orrpuroro) 29
AeitcrnyrcuruxcncreM HcKlxccrBeHHorfo Bocrro.JrHeHr.rfl
[oA3eMHbr.x BoA. - M., 33
3. Cucreuu II rnna (saxpuroro)
BCE|I4H|EO, 1978,c. ,35. 4. Ilpocrue cucreMblIII rr'tna (orxpuroro) 34
28. PexoueHAaqltnno npoeKTupoBaHHro 14gKcnJryararrlru .cucreMHcKyccr-
5. Tpanxnlte 6accetlHt'l 36
lel oro nonod'rHeHr4 fl saracoB [oA3eMHr,rx,BoA (HII[IB). - M., BHI4I4 6. Bu6op urcreMbl HBIIB 37
BO.qf EO, 1976,c. 223.
29. PexoMeHAaqHH tto npoeKrupoBaHr.rrc coopyx<eHufiAirfl r.rcKy,ccrBeHHoro |,t a n a IV. O6tque Bonpocbt rpoeKrupoBaHnfl cficreM HBIIB 38
IICInoJIHeHHfl ltoA3eM'HbIx BoA c ueJrbroxosqftcrseHHo-rrHTbeBo,ro BoAocHa6- 1, O6ccnoBaHHe npoeKr upoBaunf f 38
)KeHHn.^rul.:AKX rlrur.K. A flanSrnosa,.1978, r. 80. 2. Craluu ttpoeKTHpoBaHHfl 14 LIx cBs3b c II3btcI(aHLIttMI,I 39
30. Pyxono4crBo no npoeKTupoBaHHro coopyx{eHuft ,Ann aa6opa rroA3eMHbrx 3. O6uras cxeMa tro4ocua6)KeHHfl 4l
BoA. M., Crpoiluslar, 1978,,c. 209. 4. Haaex(Hoc'rbolcreM HBIIB 43
31. C H n II l l -3 1 -7 4 , q . II, r.n a ea31. B oA ocna6x(eH fiH e.apyxunre ceru n . 5 . TexnuqecKne HoplrlaruBbt, pyKoBoAcTBa LI corJlacoBaH;ufl 44
coopy)Keriurr.kIsn. 2-e nepepa6. u Aon. M., C'rpofins4ar, 1976, c. 145. f.rr a n a V. V.nyuureHueKaqecrBaBoAbt B cucreMax HBHB 45
32. CnpanouHux ltpoeKTr{poBuIHKa. BoAocHa6xeHHeHaceJreHHbrx Mecr Ll
npo Mb rrx J re H Hnbprx e A n p u fi ru fiM.,
. C rpofi us4at, 1977,c. 382. l . OcHosn y.ryqlueHrrr 45
33. Cnporuc f. f., Tponc P. tl. Onpe4e.nenne 2 . Cxevn yryqueHnff 5l
QunrrpauuoHHbrxnapaMer- 3. Tpe6on aHvfl, K Karlecrtsy BoAbI 53
poB croq ocaAKaHH$HabrparIHoHHbrx 6a.ccefinoB.- B xs.: HcxyccrneHroe
no[o"IIHeHIIe3:?IIa'CoB noA3eMHbIxBoA. M., MAHT[,, 1976, c. 194. 4. Ilpeanapr.rreJrbHoe yryquleHlle KarlecrBa [oBepxHoctHori BoAbI 59
34. CH,Ien K. I'I. OcHosHHenpnHur{rbl rxAporeoJrornqecKoro o6ocHosanr.rq 5. V.nyvureHue KaqecrBa 'BoAbr u Hn$rs.aorp.aquoHHbIx6accefiuax
IrcKyc'crBeunoroflonoJr'HeHHfl rroA3eMHbrx'BoA Feonorus fi pa3BeAKa, fi 3OHe agpaIIHH 6 5 \
1975, i\b 8, c. 92-9,7 6. V.rryurueiure ;K&r{€crBfl BoAbI B B O A O H O C H O MT O P H 3 O I I T E T3
35. Hayunue HccJreAoBaHr.rfi B o6nacru uuxeuepHoft f H.ApofeoJr0rHH. f .rra s a VL llpoexrnpoBaHue u e K c n J l y a r a \ n A l r H Q n ; r u r p a q u o H H b r x
Hayv. rp. I BHVILI BOA|EO. Bnn. 63, 197:7,c. 153. 6acceiiHos 82
36, XpncrnaHoBaJI. A., tlexa;rona C. H. B,rr[qHueQHronJraHKroHa Ha Ka- L l(orrcrpyKquu 82
qecrBO BoAbI npH HcKyccrBeHHoM uHSnlrrparIHoHHoMrronoJrHeHr4 H safla- 2. Pexuvr paSorrt 86
coB noA3eMHbIX sol. M.. 3naHue,l:9,76,,c. 178-182. 3. OnpeaeJreHr4e.pacxoAa 88
37. 9exarosa C. H. Ea.rraHc6uoreuHoro.yrJrepoAaB cucreMe HHSHrbrpa- 4. OnpeaeJr,eHue napaMerpoB 99
uuonnoro florloflHeuuflnoA3e'MHbrx BoA. fsrue'Ha H caHnTapufl, 1977, 5. BoccraHoBJIeHHe p,acrxoAa lna
r vt

Ne 2, c. 103-114. pacqer BoAo3a6opoB B cHcTeMe

f.rr a s a VII. l'lrApoAuHamnqecxnfi
38. fnqen B. K., f,yleeHno B. B. fnApoxurr,rHqecKHe Lr p2.(r{o,H3;oronHbre H B N B I rrna 105
H C C J T e A O ' B A H H fnl ,p 0 q e c C O B r { C K y C C T B e H H OO
f peryJrHpOBaHHf nOA3eMHbIX
BoA. Kr{en,I4H-r reorror.HayI(AH yCCP, 1979;c. 55.
l. O6ruue norlO ) K C H H ' I 105
2. OnpeneJrenr{e
noHHx(eHr.ruypoBHfl BoAbrr.r pacxoAano4osa6opa 1 0 6
3. OnpeaeJreHnefll!pro/tl{HaMrIqecKoro Kn,[, nu$u.'rrrparIHoHHbrx
coopyirenuii 108
4. OnpeaeJreHrrerr4Apo.4HHaM[qecKoroKllI cHcr eM brHBI B ll0
f nasa VIII. ilpoexrupoBsHne cncreM I,lBnB Il rHna ll0
1. O6rque noJlox(eHl{fl . 110
2. Cxerran cHcTeM H KoHcrpyKTHBHbreocooeHHocTilnofJtouarcrllHx
CKBA)KI,IH tL2
229
 crp. crp.
3. llpocrefiruue cnoco6ur npeABapnrefl.bnoro ylrylrrueJlllfl- Kaqecrga -H3
3. Ha6.rrroreH,lrg HBIIB v noAosa6opoM Hero
3a HcrorIHH'KoM 198
no'BepxHocTHblx goA It4 4. Ha6;rro.Eeuuflsa uu$unrrpaulloHllblMu coop],\(€!IuflM'r{ 198
4. Eopr6a c Bo3AyxoM B BoAe npu 3aKaqKe ee B noAouocHufi 5. Had.irroAergffsa soAosa6opoM noA3eMnblxBoA 200
ropH3oHT l17 Aet'lrfl,3a pelF:HMoM
6. Fla6"rrto ypoBHefino,ueel4Flblx
BoA B cncreMe
5. Pac.Ier pacxoAa nor"rrouralou{Hx cr(Ba)Knrr t2l HBIIB 202
6. llporH'oe pelrr.rMa pa6orsr norJrouarcultrx cKBaxuH 123
7. BoccraHoBaeHHe pacxoAa cKBaxHH 1 2 8 f n a n a XVI . 3xoHouuqecxnfaHaJlu3
r cucr elr HBnB 203
F n a s a IX. Komn,nexcnue rr{ApaBJruqecKuepacqeTH clrcreM <cKBa- f n a n a X V l l . P a u r . r o n a r r a a u nBs c u c r e M a xH B I I B 213
)KrfHlil - BoAonoAbeMHr4Krr- BoAoBo.rl,bl> 130 l. O6uue noJloxenuff 213
l. O6urne rroJroxeHur 130 2. O6urue reopelurlecKueH MeroAHqecKHe ocFIioRbI patrHoHaJII'I3a-
2. f p.a$oat,aJrrrrtqecrH/r u a*ailHTuqecrrrfi MeroAbr pacqera oncreM 132 uHH 214
3. fn4pasrH'recKr.rii pacqer cucreM noAarrrr B,oAbr or cKBa)I('lrH l3B 3. Paqu,oHaJrr3aur{fi I4BnB npH HsbIcKaHufxrr IIp,oeKrnpoBa'HItH215
(orxpuroro) 146 4. flosHr.ueHueTHApoALIHaMH'IecKoro Kn.Ii B cucreMax I4B[B 216
F n a s a X. Ilpocrue cncreMbr HBIIB III runa
5. V.nyuruenueKaqecrBa B,oAbI 218
l. O6ufue rroJrrolKeHHfl 146 6. CoxpaHeHuev yBerIIrIeHHepacx'oLd eoAosa6oprlblxLr norJlo-
2. 3aaepDKHBaFrHe ecrecrBeHHoro noBepxHocrHono cro,Ka Lr yBe- rqaroturrx cKBalI{HH 221
JrHqeH,[renH(bunnr,paltHrr R ipyFiroBble BoAbI 147 7. l';ryuruerrHeHenocpeAcTBeunoro nHrarrlrRcr.rcreMHBnB r{3 pel( 221
3. l'lBnB B HerrupoKux Ao"rHHax npu He6onnllofi Mou{Hocrn
BOAOHOCHO|,O CJrOflH HeAOCTaTOqHOIll paCXOAepeI(H B OTAeJIbHbIe iIIputottceuue I. Cxeua nocJreAoBareJrbHocTr4
r.rslrcxaHr,rrt
aKcnr.'Iyara-
nepHoAbr . ; 1 4 8 l[nonHutx 3a[acoB noAeevlirHxBoA LI Hx B3aIIMo,cBfl3b
c npoeKTl{po-
4. HBilB B AoJrr{Hax peK nprr 3Harlure,'rruofi eMKocrr{ BoAo- lgaHueu cucreM l'IBnB : 224
HoCHOTO CJIOT H HeAOCTaTO,9HO'i\t p'a,CXOAepeKH B OTA€.r'IbI{bIQ 226
l5l ilTpu'tocrenueIL l-Io.nsurft aHarru3 BoAbr
nepHoAbI
5. V,ryvureuue rlrraHHrr 6epenonrtx ]rHcblr.rrbrpar{HoltI"rbrx BoAo- \IIpuaomenue II I. Coxpan(eHuurfiaHarrr,r]Bo,rlbr 226
sa6o.p'on npu sa'HJrHBaHr{H pycJra peKrl r55 iCnncor Jlnreparypbr 227
,6. LIBIB c ucnoirrb3oBaHlreM ecrec{B'eHHbrxnoHnxeuufi n pe.nle$e II
' U c T a p H q B A O J I H H a Xp e K ; . 156
7. llonyru'oe 14BnB rIpr.r ycrpoficrne rn.r{porexl.rHqecr(Hxcoopy-
i
xiesrrri 159
8. Pac.rer eMr(ocrHbrx3anacoB noA3ervrHbrxBoA B l(onyce Bbluoca j

B ecTeeT'BeHHblx vcJloBlltx H HCIITO'"IIb3OB'aH'He I{X np'n paSHF,lX

3 l ( c n J r y a r a l l H o H H b r xp a c x o A a x c B o c n o r H e H I 4 e M 160
f "rra s a XI. HBilB c HH$ra.nrrpaquefi '{epe3 r}roBbls nfiou{aAu
lr rpaBsHbre 6accefinu 163
f .rra n a XII. IlpoextupoBaHHe rexnilqect(oro o6opy4onaHHc BoAo-
sa6opoe t67
l. O6urue rroJIo)KeIIHfl 167
2. Boaosa6o'Pl'I LIs cKBa)KI'tH 168
3. lopueoHTaJIbHbIesoAosa6oput 180
4. .Ilyuenbre Bo[o3'a6opot 183
f n a u a XIII. llpoexrupoBaHne chcreM HBIIB B ocodblx ycnoBnsx 184
L PaftoHlI iuHononetserYrMep6.tlo'rbl 184
2, Apu4Hue parl'oHbl 186
3. PairoHn BbtcoKoir cef.tcMHI{Hocru 189
4. flpuuopcKHe pafio'uri 190
f .n a n a XIV. CaHnrapnan oxpaHa cl{creM I'lBnB r90
1. 3a,uaqr.l i . 190
2. flosca (eoHu) caHnrapnoli oxpaHbl l9l
3. flpoerrlrpoEa'HHe 3,ot{ cauttrapHoft oxpaHbl t92
4. Caur.rrapubre na6npAeHnn npH oKcnayaraurdrl I4BnB 193
f n a s a XV. Hayueuue eKcnJlyarauul{ ctlcreM UBnB 194
l. 3aLaqn u cocraB ua6nrc4eHufi t94
2. Asror,rarrr3ar{Hfl ua6;rrcAerv,ft u ynpaBnenl{fl B cucreMax I,lBnB 196
230