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Journat, Engen€ering _Mechanics Division,'Earth
ASCE, EM. 2. April. 1966.
4. Liam Finn W. D. Behavior of Dams aulingiBirtnquutes,
-Idoi. pro-
ceedings, Ninth International congress on Large oams. lsta?nnq

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sa4aBaflcb Berur{uHofi H paclpeAeJreHueMcMerqenurl eAorb KoHTaK-
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TA C OCHOBAHHCM.
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IIIHHOO6PASOBAHHfl B NPOAONbHOM CCTICHHH NJIOTHHbI .
. l. Marsal R. J., Arellano L . R . P r e s a E l I n f i e r n i l l oo b s e r v a c i o n e s
en la cortina durante el periodo de construccion y primer Uenado del embalsb. Pasee B crarbe [l] 6u.nn paccMorpeHbr
oco6eHHocrH
HarrprxeH-
Mexico, l9&5.
2.HnqHnonoRr.rr{ A^;;;"'i
A - l l o l e x ( 2 J I o B a ";;e;
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aTvn!{hle
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BOA|EO,
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3 . M y c x e J r r r r r r B H J r r . r H . U . H e x o r o p s r eo c H o B H b r3ea A a q n M a r e u a T u r r e -
.cxofi reopuu
TeoDHHyrrpyrocru.
vrrDvrocrr{. <Hayxa>,
<Havra>. 1966.
4. Csareen 0. V. B.rnsuue ovepraHuft ocHoBaHI{rHa nporrHocTbqApa
KaMeuHo-3eu.nssoriflnornHbr. Tpynn BHHI4 BOA|EO, Bbrn. 19, fr.qporexHnKa,
1968. '-ocHoBatdus6stna':SaueH.eHa
5. fI a n K o B H rr n. O. Teopun ynpyrcciu. O6oponrr.rs, 1939. yrpr.rpoBaHHo6onnrunu ycrynoM. flpo-
6. fI p o IrI K o B. M. Mong4npoBaHile B cnyqae orpeAeJrennnuanpaxeuufi Qn.rruc grHM ycry[oM 6u.rl HagBari<<ycJroBHbIM>>,
B'orJrHtIHeor rrep-
onrHqecruM MeroAoM. Hcc.ne4opaHufirro TeopHHcoopyx(eHnft, eun. IV, 1949. BOIO, HaSBaHIIOTO <<npOeKTHbIM>>:
7. Bapnax fI. M.' PasqgTfieHnpuno)KeHne MeroAaceroK K pacqery nfla- 'Ans pacrrrupernn
Auana3oHa HccJreAoBannft aBTopoM 6rr.rr.r pac-
. crnHox, HsA-Bo AH YCCP, 1949.
o F - - ^
o. r .uJr u n r( u .tvl. A.
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l-etuefine
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ArJyxMepHbtx saAaq 'feOPHH yrrtrryrocTH Ha cMorpeHbl el!{e ABa llpo$u+r. Ilepeufi He HHx, ycJroBrio iiassaHrii,ifi
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KpaeBHx saAarr.I{EA-noAH yCCP, 1964. KaK IIO BbICOTe,.TaK H nO KpyrHSHe ero orKoca 3aHHMaroTirpoMe]Ky-
9- Alyrffi M. 14. Merol ceroK s cMeuaHHofi3aAaqe TeopHH ynpyrocrH. TOqHOerno.nOXeUne MeX(Ay ycJroBHbrM H npoeKTHbr}AouepraHHeM
Hg.u,-soAH YCCP. 1964.
(cr'r. AaJree pnc. I ).
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JrHrrreHHHfi
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22 23
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26
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tr I o o ABHX(eHHI3epeH Kpynuoo6.irouoqnoro Marepr4arra tro orKocy. So.rree
noJrHafl xapaKTepHCTHKa npoqecca ,(BHx(eHHsH yToqHeHEeKoJrHqe-
crBeHHbIx noKagarenefi AoJrx{Hbr6uru gaAaqefi.Aantuer?rrrux HccJIe-
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2. n eA o B a E. B. O sI,IAaxbcraro.Iunx 4e$opruai1nft,npoflBnqrorrlHxcfl

53
npu 3eMJrerprceHHflx. Tpy.tu Hucruryra Qnsuxn 3eunn AH CCCP, Bonpocur uu-
xenepuoriceficuonornu,Bbrn. 10, 1965.
3. Ambraseys N . N . O n t h e S e i s m i cB e h a v i o u rof the E arth D ams.
Tokio. 1960.
4.MoHceen C . H . C e f i c u o c r o f i x o c u s e M J l . a H b rLxt u a 6 p o c n u r x n J r o r H H ,
Tpyan fuaponpoexra, 10, 1963.
5. MeJIbHHK B. f. HccaeAoaaHneceftcunqecxoftycroliunnocrn H AeQop-
rvrnpyeMocrr.I
n.rIorHHH3 MecrHHx MarepHa.[os.MatepHaJrbtK coBeuIaFIHIoMoJroAbrx
clleunanncron,Tpy4sr BHI4VI BOA|EO, 1966.
j. JI v Iu H o s H. fl. O pacuere cellcMocror?xocruorKocoB rr.rrornnbrHs Kpyr-
Hoo6aouoqHblxMarepr.raJroB. ofuAporexHuqecKoecrponTeabcTBo>,Nb 2, 1968.'-
7: JIy ruHos H. fl. Vcrofiqusoct r.rHeKoropbreBnAbraeQopruaquftorrocos
rrJIorHHHg KpynHoo6.ttouoqsux MarepnanoB npr{ seMJrerprceuuax,-Tpynur BHVVI Vnx. B. A. CABBI4HA
BOA|EO, sbrn. lg, 1968.

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NVTTEPATYPA

l. HoHBefiaep E. HanpaxeHHfl B n.rracrHHHoM sApe ramesnoft nJroTHHbr.


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MaKcHMaJIbHbIMH: oHH gHarrHTeJIbHo MeHblrresHaueuntl, BbtrIHcJreH- .l
Hbtx no Qopnry.ne (5), u HMeror pa3rHqHyro o6ecneqesHocrl (cpr. \
pvtc.7, a-e)
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c [oJrHbrMpac[peAeJreHHeMnop B fpyHre, ueo6xoAnlro nu6pari,
fpyHTbI, Anff KOTOpbTX OnbrrHbrMnyreM.6r..u 6u orpeAeJren xosQrpu-
[aeur,Q.u"nrrpa\HH u Apyrr4e xapaKrepHcrHKH (nopncrocrb rpyHra
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fr dlo^*. - no Qopuy.ne (12), npuBeAeHbrHa puc. 8. Vs pHcyHKa o\

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80
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{s
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'onacHoro PHc. 8. Kpneue sepHoBoro cocTaBa rpyHTOts H paLtrlreAeJreHHff
KoHTaKrHofo BHnopa [6]. Ann groio pacuerHoro c.nyuar, nop
o - Koo:5,1; d5s=Q,33
uu; n:0,368; o.n -0j#; 6 - KAa-37: doo:0,1G5
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I^ rpe6onaHuR, flpeA.bflBJrfleMbre x f4.nn.rpanr.
Tpy4n BHHVI BOA|EO, nnrn.18,1967.
fAe dno- AHar\reTprracrHrl, MeHeeKoropbrx B fpyHTe Qn.nnrpa co- 2. Lx rI r e H o B A. K. <DH.rrrrplIIHoHHaff__npoqHoc_rb
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an- rlepexoAHui? xoeQQuquenr, onpeAe/rfler\4brri rro ra6lrgqe sHn.6, 1965.
3aBHcr.rMocrH 3. HucrpyKqnfl no npoeKrnpoBaHuroo6parunx dnnlrpon rHAporexHHqecKHX
or rropHcrocrH Qra"rrlrpa n, c Koropoft oH BCH 02--65
6y4er yrroxeH B nJrorHHy. coopyxeHHt <3Heprun>,1965.
f lpnnu n ra rl s Qo p n ry n e (1 3 ) d r oo se.rrmfl ,raK K aK B 6o.nnruun- fru<a"a CCCp
4. l{croM I'IHa B. C. <DaltrpaquoHHaff ycrolivnnocrbrpyHToB, foccrpoft-
crBe aHaJrH3OeQpaxqHH drco orcyrcrByror, a BeporrrHocrb fpynrn- usyar,1957.
poBr(H qacrHu oArdHaKoBoroAHaMeTpa drco 6nusxa K HyJrro. S.HcroMHHa B. C., Eypenxosa B. B. KnonpocyoMeroAenoA6o-
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KpyrrHoo6nouoqsbrx MarepHaJroBc TJTHHHCTbTMH nApollfpyar BHVII4 BOA|EO. fuAporexuaxa, sirn. ll, 1965.
fl,ApaMHH 3r(paHa- 6. HcroMr.rHa B.C. O no46ope Qr.rntrpaApeuaxefi seM.rrrHbrx
MH, B KOTOpbrxB rrpouecce sKcrrJryararrLrrMoryr o6pasonarbcf rpe- n.rrornnr.r3
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npHHHM a rbp a B H o fi :
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uIHx c[oco6ax onpeAeJIeHLIr3epHoBoro cocraBa rpyHTa ara BeJrHqH.
Ha fB.rlfleTcil 6onee AocroBepHoft, qeM dMrrH,H, KpOMe rOrO, O6eCne-
sHBaer HeKoropbrfisanac rpu pacqerax.
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TIT4TEPATYPA
l: Eeayxoa H. 14. TeopuayupyrocruH rJracrurluocru.
foerexreopl{;3A,ar,
Pue. 4= Cxeua oSpaerfa,HcrrbrrF.rBae_ psc. S. Hopua;ii,aiie iiaiiprlreH'fl I ntrt
u, I Jr-r(J.
Moro Merolou Sjroynpyrocrn (o1: BeprnKanbHouceqeurauo6pisua oz v or 2. Eo Jrex( a Jro B a M. fIpnJIo)KeHHeMeroAa ceroK x onpefie.neHr.rro BJII,IflHI{I
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cpeAbil:Q6.: <Boupo_c-br-lpo:gocrnH AeQgpy3pl'gMocrr{rpynroB>, Asepnerrrp,.1966.
4 . t r l o M H s e f . M . ; I , I v a u r e H K o V I . H . H s y u e u u es a x o H o r r r e p n o c r4eef i-
SoprrrupyeMocru fJruHncrbrx rpyrrroB. C6. <Bonpocbr rporrHocru rn aeQopraHpye-
Mocrr{ rpyuroB>, Asepnerup, 1966.
5. Hutrrrroponuu A. A., PaccxasoB J 7 . H . C . o u p o r u a ; r e HKupey n -
uoo6.nouoqHbrxrpyHroB_cAB_nrl.<fnAporexHuqecKoecTpoureJrbcrBo)>, M 8, 1969.
6. P a ccK a s o s JI. H. Sxcnepl{MeHTanbHble r.rccJreAoBaHHfl conpoTHBJrqeMo-
cra cABrily flynuoo6JroMorrrrbrxrpyHroB. Tpyan.BHI4W BOA|EO, M 19. fu4po-
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IpH_!1Lpyx<eHHH
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ToB"IIflJIcfl
as enoKcu&ttoit cMoJIbI3-40 M, orBepx(4euuolt MaJIHT{HoBbrM KaMeirHo-ser,r.nsuofinng3r{Lbr.Tpyaot BHHVI BOA|EO, N! I9.. fr.r4porexHura, 1968.
8. T u t o a a B. H. OnpeneJIeHHe Hanpsx(eHHoro 'cocroflHr{fi trJrorng Hs Mecr-
aHfHApHAorvr(Ha 100 e cMoJrbr33 a nranHHHoBoroaHrr,rApHAa14.0,2e Hbrx Marep4aJlog c I{c[oJIbsoBaHHeMoKcrIepHMeHTaJIbHbrx r{ccreAosaHuft. Tpyln
AHMHTHTTaHVTTHHa B KarrecrBe KaTaJrHsa rop a ) . BF{I4I{ BOA|EO, sbrn. 19. fnAporexsuxa, 1968.
flp" KoMHarHoli reuneparype MarepHaJr MoAeJrHHMeJr cJreAy- !.- Q_p o x r M. OoTgynpyrocrb, r. l. focrexreopusAar, 1953. :
rcryyp _ .xapaKIgpHcTH_Ky:_ 10. IIIuxeeB O. M. Q ssaur,r_ogBjg4 MexAy Harpnx{eHr4flMLr u.q,eQopMa-
E:28 000-30 000 rcflcu , onp: IItrnMI{ B rpyHrax. Tpyaot BHHI4 BOA|EO. Bonpocur soAocua6xeHHff, oqHcrKH
:400 rcf/ cuz,o6t)- 10,6rcf na I cn noJrocbr.
crorrHbrxBoA H HHlKeHepHort ru4pan.nHKH, Bbrn.ll, Eaxy, 1967.
_ fIpI reMneparype^3alrgpq)KHg?HHI aeQoprraauuii(I:120. C); - ll. Beqlel H e - r m a n n . B i e B e r e c h n u n gv o h S p a n u n g e nu n d V e r s c h i e -
.E:300 rcff c*P; sopl8 rcf/iuz; o[t):0,33 rcf ga I cn norrocbr. bunge in Erddammen, 1962.
- 12. M u T s a I R. I.. lnvestigali_onsobre el comportamiento de suelos grami-
lares y muestras de enrokamiento,Mexico, 1965.
i24
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t42 143
HHe r { ac r H rIrro o rr(o c y . B Aa .n n H e fi ruuxonbrrax rrpH ycK opeH H tr0,2- 3 . < D ; r o p r , H B . A . T e o p n n y n J r o r H e H Hrqp y H r o B .I , l a A - e oJ r u r e p a r y p b rn G
0, 3 g oc aA K a 6 u .n a MH H H r\{ a rrrs o r? (q o I utvt 3a yA ap), H a6.nroA aJrcr crpoHreJrbcrBy H apxnreKrype,1948.
4. Vs a H o B n. il. PasNuxeHHenecrraHbrx rpyrrroe. focsneprousAar, 1962-
pa3M br Borx o c a n rp e 6 H n e o rH o i r. 5. M a c JI o B FI. H. Vcnosus ycrofiulrnocTHBoAoHacbrqeHHbrx necxoe. foc-
A ns nro p o ri c e p u H o n b rro B o rKo c 6uj r nepecrpoeH : B rpaB ui nto- slreproH3Aar,1959.
raJIeqHHKoByro cMecb 6u"rr .qo6aBJreHMe,'rKo3epuucrolftnecor(, B pe- 6 . H u r { H r I o p o n r . r v A . A . P a c , r e r y c r o l i u u n o c T no r x o c o Bs e M J r f l H b r xr J r o -
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7.Po)KAecrBeHcxprfi E. 4.,-KoporKoB M. E. lloee4euae raJreq-
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nJlorHocrb cocraBHJra y:2,04-+-2,05 flc*ts). KoaQQHrIr.reHr Qn"ul- 8. III u a K o B M. H. HcnonlsosaHue raJleqHblx rpyHroB AJrr Bo3BeAer{HH
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r r e p e 3u a 6 p o c x yp B a H o r o K a M -
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Hq. C6. rpyAoB MI4CI4}lb 9, 1955.
flp" ycKopeHHHAo 0,2 g [opoBoe AaBJreHHe AocrrrraJro Be/rr4qu- 10. MeJIbHHK B. f. I4cc.reAoeasue celtctvtuqecxofi ycrofiunnocrnH AeQop,-
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ll. MenbHHK B. f. 3xcnepnueHTaJrbHbre HccJreAoBau[q cer?cMuuecxoli yc.
AaBJreHHfl AocrHraJro 8 cerc; ocaAKH rpe6un cocraBJrrnn 7-4 crw ga rotiqrieocrr.r n le$oPM_agqq _orKocoB Ha r(pynHoMacurra6poir ceficruon;rarsoplle
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TII4TEPATYPA

1..C a s q g-r a.n d e L. IrieueErke-nntnisse


iiber der Stand festigkeit von : l:
Standamment Deutsche Wasserwirtschaft
Nb3, lg3g I
2. B e s a n t Z. Inlluence of Vibration' and Seepageon Stabiliti .of Co-
hesionlessSoil, Proccecdingsof The Fourth Internatiorili Conferenceon Soil ll
Medranics and Foundation Engineering,
Vol Nb2, London,lgST. I 14'
[.
I
t44
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200 l4a* 201


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saqHn o6qerl oca1Kw. Kax BHAHoHs prc. 8, 4eficrnnreJrbHbrftxapar-
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pacqerax no Qopr'ry.uau (17)-(20)
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218
219
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Y " p: ' 2 ,6 5 ; y " n ' :2 ,4 0 ; Y q r:2 ,1 ,5 ; Marepr.{arroo.
Tpyau BHIIIA BOA|EO. fraAporexunxa, Bbrrr.ll; ig65.
jTo-o nliui; i:0,99' t}:s nlcari u,:0,053rcflc*t2lcur;a:0,25. flpta 2 . H u q u n o p c B H u A . A . , X y p e x . f l . , I l , e Q o p u a q uyrn. o
r p H b r xn p g s M
gToMrpaQux H3MeHeHHfl ropu3oHTa BoAbIB BoAoxpaHaJIHIrIe cqHTaeM MecrHblx MarepHaJIoB_rrpH_3aroJrHeHlrr.r
I_tA-ep !JI,o1HII_H3 BoAoxpaHr.rJrHrrla, TpyAH
nnsefiHuna. PesyJIbTaTbI pacrleroB tto npoBeAeHHbIMBbIIrIe Qopuynau BHI4I4 BOA|EO. fnAporexsuKa, Bbrn. 19, 1968.
3. HnqunopoBu.I A . A . f l p o e r r n p o n a u u eu c r p o n r e J r b c r B o[ J r o r u H H 3
IrpeAcTaBJIeHbIe ra6n. 2. Xors TotlHoro coBuaAeHufl pacqeTHblx.w 3a' MecrHbrxMarepuaJroB_no_Marepr.raJraM VII r VIII uexlyHapojlnnx KoHFpeccoBno
6o.nsurnnr n.norunau,1967.
4. HurlunopoBr{q A . A . , I ] , t r 6 y n b H p r x T . H . O u p e , q e J r e Hnuoep o g o i o
AaBJIeHI{fl B MaJIO[pOHI,IqaeN[bIX rpyHTaX reJra TTJIoTHHbI B npoqecce Hx KoHcoJrHAa-
uun. Tp-y.qlr.na6oparopilLrrlr4pqrexHr.rqecKnx coopyxeHr.rfr.loccrpoftras,qar, 1963.
'nnrcoxori
5. I{ tr 6 y.rr r s n x T.' H. Oupeaeneunenopoeoro AaereHnr B aape
!.{!oT-Hjrg^rpHrepeMeHHbrx 3HaqeHuqx-xapaKrepHcrHK rpyHra. Tpylor BHI4L4
BOA|EO. fu4porexuHKa, Bbrn.Il, 1905.
flopoBofo AaBJreHr{florrpeAeJrfleTcflJILIIITbI43MeHeHHeM rOpH3oHTaBO-
Abr B BoAoxpaHHJIHUIe. I4urepecHble BbIBoAbI MolKHo cAeJlarb no xa-
paKrepy HsMeHeHunxoa$QnqueHra rop_oBoro_AaBrle\\fl:npl{ xosQ-
'l0-7 -:- I' l0-8 cntlcetc Ko'
b"q"e*itax Qn.nlrpaIIHH ilopflAKa k:l
aS Q HrIr.reHTrrop oBoro AaBJr eHH fl KoHcoJI 3aryx a er MeAJIeHHo
LrLar\r4Lr
8. Mars,al R., -Arellano L . R . , P e r f o r n : a n c eo f E I I n f i e r n i l l o D a m
(n ieueuue HecKoJrbKHX .ner). B c.nyuae 6oJlbluofi erax{Hocrn rpyHra 1965-1966. Journal cf the Soil Mechanics and Foundations Di-n-ision.'proc._oi
npu yIIJIoTHeHI,IH (n.noruHa I4HQepnn.nao)__xoeQQuUHeIIr nopoBoro the ASCE. July 1967. . ,.
AaBJreHHr KoHcoJr nI.a\r4r4 saMerHo BbIIIIe. KoaQtpnIIHeHTbI rlopoBoro

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CeqeHHfM MeHfleTcfl:MaKCHMyMAaBJIe-
JreHHf rro ropH3oHTaJIbHbrM
241
240
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V. 14. P H n o s. BucoxoHanopHaq c6opuar 6eronnas nJIorHHa Ha


OCHOBAHHH
CKAJIbHOM 169

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tr+D
vAK 627.824.3.044
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MarepHaJroB
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^
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Qoprrlaquii B nJIorHHax H3 MecrHblx

yAK 627.824.33.044
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vrqe;bq Ha Hanpfl1l1eHgs
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ruApoTexHnrtecKlrx
coopyn<ennfl BaHHofo cocToflHlts B TJIHHHCTOM
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Mocrcaa, R-31, K|ane4rcuil, uocr, A. L
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<<Hccle4onaHgc BrHrHHc pa3rnunux QaxropoB Ha Hanps)KeHne H npo'{Hocrb
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rpyHroBoro B npoAoJtbHoM ceqeH[H
Koppexropu f. f, Mopoeoocrcan, O. B. Cruerueesc BHI4H BoAreo.
19. U. C n a,r b e u, Tpy4u rnAporexHuqecKol? Ia6oparopuu
C 6 o p u n x M 5 , 1 9 6 9 ,l l c r P . 6 P n c .
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l/X 1969 r. T-1,1406. <Dopuar 60X901/r6 A. Jr. -
7,88 6ytrl..rt. 15,75 nes. r. (y.r.-usA. 14,87 a.l x(eHHOto cocToffHHff fiApa B npoAoJrbHoM cetleHHfl, noJIyqeHHbIx Ha MoAeJIfx H3
Trpax 1.000 src. Hs4. Ne H.VIII-1236. orrruqecKl aKTHBHbIXMarepltaJlon. flpnno4qrcfl HeKoropble peKoMeHAaUuH.
3ax. Ns 613. llena 1 p. 10 r.

B.naAsuupcKas rr.rflorpa(bns faasnotnrpa$npoua yAK 627.824.3.042.13


KonHrera no [eqarr.r IIpH CoBere MHHncrpos CCCP
IoP. BnaAzMrP, yr. flo6eAu, I. 18-6 B,rucHHe pacKpblTnc 6opron KaHboHa lr paccrosuHfl MexAy HHMH Ha pac-
^ .,^---r"a""J? h Ehn r^rlunv qlnq
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r |uJ r A P 4 uquaqun-aavngpnfi nnn-

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rgsun. rc. 14. C s a r e e B, TpyAbr Jra6oparopurn coopyx(eHHfl.
BlHl/rI4 BoAreo.C6opHuxN! 5,1969, 9 ctp. 5 puc.
I4glararcrcff pe*nbrarbr eKcnepfiMeHTaJlbHblx BJIH.EHHa
tIccJIeAoBaHHfi Qopurr
yqeJrbff Ha HanpflxeHHoe cocroflHHe flApa B npoAoJIbHoMceqeHI{H;npoBeAeHHbIx
c noMorrlbroMeroAa Qoroyupyroctn.

yAK 627.824.3.04
<llccJre,4osaHrre BJrHffHr{srHApocraruqecKofi narpysxrr BoAbI Ha pacfipe,qene-
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7 crn- 5 nuc.
iipuioAflTcfl pe3yJrbraTbi sKcnepHMeHTaJIbHbIx ucc.neAonauuft nanpnxeunii
s oaHopo,4HofiHacbrnnor AeficrBHfl ruApocrarurlecKofinarpysxn BoAbl..I[,auu pac-
qerHbre sopmy.uu.
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Kpynnoo6JroMoqHbrx MarepnaJloB npnMeHHrerbno K pacqery 44 ceficuocrofiKocruD.
H.- n. JI y ur H o B, Tpyarr rr.rAporexHH.Iecxorl ra6opatopnu BHHV BoAreo. C6op-
HnK M 5, 1969, 9 crp. I puc.
Hsnararcrcs p$ynbrarbr onpeAeneHuff KosQQHIIueHra rpeuufl KpynHoo6Jloi
MOIIHOTOMarepnana npfi pa3Jrr.rrrHbrxBHAax ABHII(eHHff. flpueO4nrcn HeKOrOpbIe
coo6pall{eHHff o MoAeJrHpoBaHHr..rceftcMHqecKHx 4eQopuaUuft orr(ocoB nJIorHH.

245
yA K 627.824.3.04.002.56
<O parlnonalrnofi cxeMe pa3MelrleHnc KHA B KaMeHHo-seMJIflHhrx n.nornnax
c BeprHKaJrbHbrM eApoM>. B. A. C a s s HHa, Tpylt rHAporexHH.{ecxofi .na6opa-
ropHn
- BHVIH BoAreo. C6opHux J.lb 5, 1969, 12 crp. 5 puc. 3 ra6n_._
PexoueuAyercfl uau6onee o6ocHoeauHaq cxeMa pa3MeueHaq KHA B nJIorl.I-
Hax H3 MeCTHbIXMarepHaJIoB, Ha ocHoBe aHaJIH3a reOpeTHrIecKHx Ir SKcnepHMeH-
sutr u pe3y"rtbraroB HarypHux ua6nrcAesnft.
raJrbHbrx Hccne.u,oBa

ynK 627.824.3
< O p a c u e r H Hpxa 3 M e p an xo p n S n l u r p a x >B
. . C. I4croMHHa, B. B. Ey-
p e HK o B a, Tpyau ruAporexHu'recxofi .na6oparopnnBHVI4 Bo4reo, c6opHux
J\! 5, 1969,I I crp. 8 pnc.
O6o6qarorcff MarepnaJibi no orpoAeJIeHHIo pacqerHblx pa3MepoB flop n Qnm-
Tpax ttnornH H3 MecrHbrx MarepnaJros. ConocraBJlnrorcs pagJllrtrHble MeroAbI onpe-
AeJreHHfl pa3MepoB IIop H AaIoTcfl npaKrHr{ecKHe peKoIr{eHAaIIHH.

tt4..K 627.824.3
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pa). B. B. 6ypeHKoBa, TpyAu rnAporexHnqecroft.rra6oparop BuHuH H B o a -
reo, c6opHnx]S 5, 1969,6 crp. 3 puc. I ta6l.
llpnno4nrcq pesynbrarbr HeKoropblx eKc[epuMeHraJlbHbrx
pa6or u o6o6qeHuff
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TepHaJranporunoQnJrbrparlHonHoro aJreMeHTa B nopbl Qu.nnrpa.

vAK 627.824.3
<HccaeAoeaHns xapaKTepHcrHKcyrnnHKa Ha KoHTaKTec nopofi Sn.rlrrpa>.
f. B. X u err eB c r*afl, Tpyau rxAporexHnsecxofi.na6oparopuu BH?IH Bo4reo,
c6opnux M 5, 1969,7 crp.5 puc. I ra6a.
flpuno4rrcfl p$yJrbrar[il sKcrrepuMeHraJlbHblx
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HHcTororpyHTa Ha KoHTaKrec Qu.nrrpoMB gaBHcHMocrH or pasnnrrHbrx$axropon
(nnornocrH, BJraxuocrr,r H T. n.).

yAK 627.824.3.04
<ItccaeAonaHHeconporuBnseMocrncABHry cyrJrnHxanpu 6oarunx AaBreHH-
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t-
6oparopun BHI4H BoAreo. C6opunx Ne 5, 1969, 8 crp. 3 puc. 3 'ra6t.
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uofi nlorHocrH u r. n.) Ha Be.rrarrHHy yfJra rpeHnrr H crleflJreuafl.

vAK 624.t38.22+ 627.824.3


_ _<Blusnne pa3nuqHHx Qaxropon Ha ynJrornerrne rJruHucroro rpyHra>.
c. v.- M H I n H, Tpy4nr rnAporexHnqecxoftaa6oparopuu BHHH Bo.qreo. c6op-
Hnx Nb 5, 1969,12 crp. 5 puc. 3 ra6n.
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I\IocrH rJIHHHcrororpyHra cnoco6ou yKarKH.flpHsoAgrcff coorBercrnyrouue peKo-
IICHAAIIHH H HCKOTOPbICPACqCTHbIC 3ABHCHMOCTH.

247
yAK 621.131. 541.
I : 681. 3+627. 824. 3
<BuI6op xapaKrepHcrnK npyHroB npH pacqere uanpnxeHufi B nJrorHHax H3
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crofi .ra6oparopnu BHUH Bo,4reo, c6opullx J\lb 5, 1969, I I crp. 5 puc.
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vnK 624.r31.376.5
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cxori ;ra6oparoprLr BHVI4 Bo4reo, c6opHrlx Ne 5, 1969, 7 crp. 5 pac.
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vA K 0Z+. 131. 387


< < H c c n e 4 o e a H H eB o 3 M o x ( H o c r u B o s H H K H o B e H H qu o p o B o r o , u , a B f l e H u q B K p y n H o -
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6 puc.
klsnararorcff pe3yJlbrarbl 3KcnepLIMeHTad'IbHblx H reoperurrecKax HccJreAoeaHHft
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Mocrflx npoBoAHrcfl yqer ryp6yleurHocrH noroKa npH Bo3HHKHOBeHHHnopoBofo
AaBJIeHHT. flpuno4nrcn coorBercrBylolqHe peKoMeHAarIHH AJrr yqera grofo
flBJIEHHfl.

v.[,K0z+.131.376.5
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fl. Xypex, Tpyau rHAporexHuqecxofi .na6oparopui BHVII4 Bo4reo. C-6opslrx
Ilb 5, 1969, 9 crp. 7 pnc.7 ra6n.
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rlpeccHoHHbtx ucnurasutlt xpynuoo6noMorlHblx rpyHroB. llpuno4arca coorBer-
crByroulHe peKoMeHAarIHH.

yAK 627.824.3.03:4.92.04
<<Pac,{erbl cTIJIoIIIHbIxnoxpuru_fi 3eMrcHhlx orKocoB Ha nporrHocrb r,r 4erfiopua-
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B b r B a e r c f lH a A e x H o c r l p a 6 o r u K p e n r e H n q .

vAK 627.82.0t2.36

249
yAK 624.131.52

YAK 627.84188 : 624.13t.542


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Nb b, tg6g, 16 c'ip. I0 p;1. i;;A;.
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v AK 627.82.0I 2.3.034.96
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v.4K 627.824.3.04.002.56
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