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c r p o H T e J I b c T B aB I { y } K H b I e C p O K H .
B o s N , t o x H o c T b I I p H M e H e H I { f l T e X H H K I , I [ ' p e A B a p H T e J I b H o r o .H a n p f l -
jKeHHfl He ollpallHqPlBaercfl, oAHaKo, oAHI{M THnOM rpaBHTauI4pHHbIX
flJrorgH. I-lo-saAr.rMoMy, ara rexHHKa Mo)fier 6bITb yc[eIIIHo HctIo,'Ib-
3OBaHa Tal()Ke H B ApyfHX TH'IIaX ,IIJIOTHHH, B qacTHocT?I' B [poeKTLI-
p o B a H H H H c 1 ' p o H T e J r b c r B eN r a c c r 4 B l { o . K o H T P i o o p c H b l 6x e r o n u u x n J I o -
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X CHOBaHI'IIIX.

182
crpoxrertbHoftnnAycrpuH CCCP. flpoertrHpoBaHueH crponTeJrbcrBo
-.,^31---HlO
BbIcoxEX II.-[OTI{H (,ntr r,lrrpnrtrAna}.r .^h^r"^,,r,d --.-- - \ F
rel,'rrqdrqrvr LvDcu4.n'n rru bDLuuK?l* llJloI-HHaMr. r ocaHep-
roHsrar, 1960.

IIVTTEPATYPA
25. O JI e Iu K e B H 'I .II. B. Vxasaunrr no npoeKTupoBaHuroMaccuBHo-KoHTp-
l. Aurouos A. f. <Texnuqec,xr.rrt 6pn.neresr fnl4 BoAoxaHa.nnpoeKr, $opcnux 6 e r o u H u x , n , r r o r , H H a c K a J r b H b r xo , c H o B a H r .' r- r r i( n p o e m ) . v r s ! , . , B H I 4 / 4
\--r
I'Jb37--38. Ir{sl. BoAoxanan,npoexra,1956. Boareo, 1961.
2. EapHHoB B. H. K pacuery nrpoiqHocru BbIcoKHxMaccu,B.Ho-xonr,p'Qopc, 2 6 . O n e r u r x e s ! r q , r l . B . M a ' c c E s u o - x o H r p $ o p c H u e 6 e r o s u r r e n . r r o r g r { r r rr r a
rrbrx nflornn. Hayuuble rpyAbl Jlesnu,rpaAcxoftopAena JIeH,nHa.lecorexunqeoxoft € K a J I b H b I x o c H o B a H H R x .B c 6 . : < f l y r n cHHX(etiHr crouMocru riJrornH>. foceuepro-
aKaASMHH nu. C. M. KHpooa,,Nel0e, 1963. ?IsAar,,l962.
3. B aceB Hq A. 3. Ma'ocurs,Hue rHAporexHr.l'{ecKr.re coopyxeHr{fl c .[r]cKyccT- 27. O Jre ilKeB Hq
BeHHbr'M 'cr6xarueu ,6eroua.f,occrpofius,Aar,lg57. " r l . B . K e o n p o c y o M e r o A H K ep a c q e r a , H H c c r e 4 o s a l l i l
,HanpqiKeHHo'ro ,cocrofl,rrr4F-M2c,c,!lB.H,o-xoHrpQ_opcuurx
4 . E o r r A b r p e t s A . A . , V t a u n A . , V 1 .t ,l o B u K o s K). H. HcnonnsoBa,H,He ^Bc4reo,nnorus. Tpy4n HHcTHryra
BoaT!. fr.r,aporexnura.Bu,n. ll.I4sr,. BIliIi4 1g65.
BoAHbIxpecylpcoBVuAuu..|ocauepno,Al3'AATll96l. 28. llrroruHu fl-noHnu.flepeno4 EpeirrrluaO. A.'rfloa pe4. B. 14. Kpanuoea.
5. IlpoexrurpoBaHue H crpo,HTeJrbcrB,o 6omurnx nJIorH,H. locsueprousAar, 1958. locsueprofisAar, 1960.
6. fu4po'oHeprorn'poeKr (MOC), OT.n. llu$opuauHouuufi ' 6rcnnerenb IIo 3a' 29...rlo crpaH.Iuay HHocrpaHHbIX x<yp,riaJrolB. fprApoyse,o c ,BbrcoKoft
p)'6elKHoMy ruA-poaHeprerurrecKoMy crponTe.rrn-crby, N! l. LleF,.fu,npoanepronpo- . - KoHTp-
rpopffrofi nrolaHoft. <<f,uAporeiHu,r{eqKoe crponTeJrbcrnon,- 19,64,M 2; llpeanaph-
TeJIbHoHanpflxeHHble nrlorllHbl. <<fugporexHHrrecKoe crpoureJrbcreo>,l9'63, Ne 8.
30. P o3 a Ho e H. tl, I(oHrpQo,p,cHbre rJrorHHbr.fo,ccrpofiras,4ar,' 1949.
31. PosaHos H ' | I . X e n e s o 6 e r o H l r l t eu 6 e r o H s l r ex o u r p o o p c H b r en l r o r r r -
nr,r. fnana 20 C,npa:Bor{Hr4Ka no rHAporexHH:Ke.BHVII4 Bol.Jo' hd"n CCCP.
I'occrpofius,qar,I 955.
KoM.I{Ter 'I1o gHeprernre
9. fqcyAapqrseHHmft rnpolr3,B,oAcrseHHuft I{ gIIeKTpI{- }'i 32. C e H Ke'B H q A. A. flpurraeHeHne [rperAB?D,Hr€JrbH,oro Harrrpq]KeHgff B KoH-
'6etonur,tx crpyl*Hl\
$rxaqnu CCCP. C'o,seu1,a,HHe no cr,polrrenbcr'By'bncoxux nJIorHH Ha ' :. rHAporexH,H-r{eofiHx cgopyxeHnft, v. II. foceHepror.rsAai,1960.
cKaJrbHclMocHorBa,HHI,I.f,ocgueDnoHs,[ar.,19&. ' .j ' -,l JJ. (.yxaHoB l-. K. u JlesErcxHfi M . V . B p a r c x a ar n , 4 p o e a e x r p o -
craHr{Hfl. << I-u4porexHnr{ecKo,e,crpouTerUcrBo>), I gS7, Nb I I .
34. T e JIb K e @. Br:"noxpaHrHJrnqHbre nJroTHHu.llep. . foocrpofrnsnat,,
1957. "er.
3 5 . T u r r , r o S e e e A . n . K e o r n p o c y _ _ a H K e p o B a6nenr oqH H b r x o u c r p y r u u f t .
<<f,zqporexHnrrecKoe crp,ourerbcmo>>, 1g62,-Nbl.'
36' oepHHrep E. 11. Kpa'cHoa^p^cKa_s- ria p. Eiircee.
'.<f' uqrporexHHqgcKoe,crpozTeJrbcrB }.tApo3JrorirpclcraHuxff
o>>,I gOt, Nb S.
Ne 29. foccrp,ofius.4ar,1959. '37. Q H JrH M,oH o-B q.^3. rHAposJreKrpocraHr{Hff. <<f,ugporex-
HccneAoBarilfl,aHK_epHbIx
H. Sxonepr{lMe,HTaJrbHbre KpenJIe- HI4qeOK'oe _{pacnon,prcK0fl
14. A)Kuoe,s,II. crpOHTetbcrrBo>>, 1957,M- I l.
rr,Hfte cKaJtbHbtx [958, Nb 6.
fpyHTax. <fu,l.pbrcxHnl{ecxoecTp'ouTeJlbcrrnO>, 38- 3pHcroB B. C. Cuuxeuue cronlvlocrucrpoi{r€a'rbcrB r HaA p o c r a u q a f t .
15. K p a is u o',8 B. VI. O6aerqeHnaq6erosuas BoLocJILIBHaflnfloruHa Ha (l4e onnra sapy6exuoro eHeprocrpoureJrbcrea). focaH6pror.rs4ar, l9bg.'
n v r ' LeU^ r^ M ^n,rrrl)ErrHiru fncanennow.c'nar- 1958.
L I\ qrr v.rr

iliioriiiibi_qji.aiiP-fix(eiiiiofiaii- 39, SrK,crtt,D0oc-ilHtilcrpvarl,us BAHLTV. fNnnoaspnr?r'-l,.(2 p-^n


16. Ma p qy K A. H. Cerunn ,rrps,BnTar{HoHnofi 14.@,. rt iz, zi-iapral,ggt
fpo'reua. ;. i;Afi;;;;;;A;il;;pd;f;"
r<eponxon
^ s 6c"5ua"uu. <fu,qpcrrexur.ruggroe crpol$e.IlbcrBo>'1964' Nb ti. par 4Q.!"apoyrenHap. CeQun:pyq
F:61:
crBoAKa i(HpaH).
17. M u x a hJr,oE c,r<n fi- B. C. fIpqAiBapHTeJIbHaf _ocHOBHbIx'noJlo- 4 0 .I l l s _ e U o BA . B . , T e . r r e r u e sB - .1 4 . B u 6 o p , n p o o H ;nr nf l o r H H M
xeunfi flo crponTeJrbcfiByMacrcuBHo-xonhpQoprcHblx nJIoruH. _M3C. fnlponpoexr. b ra u a -
r<ar{cx,ofi foc. fal,ponpoexr.Erci"rr.n. HayrrHo-TexH. un$,o,pu.M o, rara. f"Apo
li"Oop"rrlr.roriHufi .nr,crox Nb 10. Texnwqecxuft ra6uuet. Vsn. fnApo'npoexra, upoexra,1959.
I 957. 4 1 . B a r o n a F r e d e r i c . o . M u s h r o o m ebdu t t r e s sh e a d sf o r m d e c ko f m e -
18. M3C. VxagaHus no ,cHHlKeHHrO CTOH'MOCTH npH npoeKTurp,Osnss* rHApO-
H xican irrigation 9rry.Fngjneering,Ng*r-R..old,__v. 134,N; 2O,-;;t, lZ, 194b.
eJreKr,pocrasquft B r{acrl.I ruApoTexHulggll{x - _cqopyxe:Infi,- nHApocH;1OB{o'ro 4 2 . C o l e b a t c h G . T . a n dW _ il k i n s J . ' K . t l u j t r a i i a i . ' d . r i e no f C a t a -
oJrsKTpor€x,HH'qecKo,roo6opyAo,ralH wn' f,lf,Aefl, Vzp,. MeC' 1958.
pa6otu fnAponpoexra. gunySprestress-ejd^.dam. SeptidmeCongrdsdesgrandi barrageJ.qu.ition Nb t6,
tb. gnC fuqponpoexia. HayuHo-r.rccneAo,BareJlbcKue R . 17. ftome,1961.
I'ocsueprouglar, 1961. 43. Commission internationale desgrandsbarrages de la conf6rence
20. Hoprulr H TexHHqecKHe yCJrOBrIs ilPOeKTHpOBaHHfl-6eTOUHUX rpaBHTaUH- moncliale
de I'energie.SeptidmeCongr,-rs desgran-ds barrages.-Question Nb-t-6.R;me. 1961.
oHHbrxnJroruHHa cKaJrbHbrx ocHoBaHHrx(CH 123--60). foccrpoftus4ar, 1961.
t85
181
t "

" : "

44. Contessini F . D i g h e e t r a v e r s e .P r o g e t t oe c o s i r u z i o n e M . iiano,


1953.
4 5 . C o n t e s s i n i F . L a n u o v a d i g a d i F u s i n o d e l t i p o a s p e r o n it r a c i m a -
b i l e- . L ' E n e r g i a E l e t t r i c a , N b 7 , 1 9 6 1 .
46. Geiecke G . L . D i e ' v o r g e s p a n t e G e w i c h t s s t a u m a u earn d i h r e rP r o b l e -

COAEPXAHI4E

crp.
.
ilpeAnc.noBne , 3
I. O6uree Han,paB,leHLIe 4
I L O 6 n e r n . { e H H b trep a , B H T a i I I H o H H b l e ' 6 e r o H s u e ' n J I o r H H b l 8
illl. Ilpeana'pIIreJIbnoe Ha,nptx(euI'te (o6xarne) 16erosaB ' M a o c , B H b r x 6 e -
TO.HHbIX ,IIJIOTHHAX 24
l. IlpenaoxeHue BHHI4| (npoQ. A. 3. Eacesu'Ia) 24
2. Onrtr npeABapureJlbHoro Han,pfl)KeHns 6eroua B rlJloruHax 28
3. OqroeHbre npaHuunbr rrpoeKT,r.rpoBaHfirrrpeABapIITeJIbHoHanpflx(eH-
Hbrx rpaBHra,qHoHHblx IIJIOTHH 38
IV. MaccuBHo-KoHTpSopculte 6erouttlte IIJIoTHHbI . r d . 52
l. O6rtrlne rcoo,6paxennq 52
2. f;ryxue nJIorHHbI co cABoeHHbIMH xonrpQopcaltr 59
3. f.nyxree nJrorHHbI c oAHH'orIHbtMLI xoHTpaDopcaMLL 70
4. Boloc.nnrBHbre Maccu;BHo-xcHtprlopcHble [JIor]IHbI r07
o n o n e .L ' E n e r g i a E l e t t r i c a , N b .I , 1 9 6 0 .
G i a'62. V. fparpnxt Anfl. oflpeAeJleHr.IfloptIeHTH'poBoqHbIx pa3MepoB o6nerqensux
6erogHux nJro'r'HHr{a cKaJIbHux fpyHTax r23
Oper. ed*impianti. Ikawa, la prima d6ga a gravita alleggerite del Giap-
L I'ipaQnxu JlesuunpaAcxoro orAeJIeHHfl THHCTHTITa fnAponpoexr r23
Done.
' L'Energia Eletlrica, Ne 2, 1960.
2. OpueurrpoBo,rrHbrc rpa$umr.r Pa,AV flpucxy (Py,rrruuun) 124
58. Presz] Stauanlagenund Wasserkraftwerke,,Teil,I,. Talsperren, 1953.
(o Serkarin G - . S ^ M a s s i v e b u t t r e s s d a m s . A C o m p a r a t i v eS t u d v . VL flpuHrlurnu HeKoropbrx coBpeMeHHbIx MeroAoB pacqera npoqHocru
xoHrp$opcoe t32
BseAeHr.re . r 132
l. 3.ne,ueHrapHlttl MeroA,parc{€T& 133
2. fl,p,nHqI-nnblpa'crlera no Me?oAy MaJIbIx 6aOxos 133
3. flpuHrlHnbr MeToAa pa,oqera ruorJraHAcKHx MaocHtsHo-KoHTpoop,cHlrx
NTQTHH 134
4. Meroq o,n'peAereHr,rqKac,areJrbHbrxHa,n'prrlKeHufis xoHrpSopce uac-
caBHo -,r(oHrp $ opcHoti nJIor HHbI 137
5. Meroa pa,cr{era ruaocr.rBHo-xourpSopcHbrxnJrorHH, paspa6oraHHbrrl e
L'Energia Elettrica Ne 3, 4, 1962. "rlo,rlJITA l4r
64: S t u c k y A. Mesures et observations sur le barragg de .la Dixence. 6. BHeoAH rr'o ,p3rcH€r?Mn;poHHo,crHr{oHTpQopcon t42
SehweizerischeTalsDerrenkommission.Betn, 1946. Messungen, Beobachtungenund vll. AHa.nLI3 peSyJIbTaTO|BHeU{,OTOpbIXSKLC'II€pHM€HTaJIbrrbrx
Hc'CreAosaHHi{
t7 , -, t,-
-OS. a^ I-I Jc c- ul l -w, t, r^r:r^c-l ^r J- :L^r^r sL r^l - ' T . ^ l r. anl^r ryrsar nr e r r r lr Ov rl!O - l O dL(! r v '
versucllg
MrcnuRr{n-xowrnrlrnnnllr.tv 6crnrrHLrr' rl nn.furt ! 4-?
S t u c k y A. Le Barragebe Ia Dixence.Bulletin-tgghnlquede la Suiss.e Bne4enne 143
Romande,I& 4, T6vrier;M 5-2, mqrs^; ry-8-lq' .april, l94q",Lausanne' l. I4cc,rrelo,BaHHeMoAeJr,r{nJroruHbr fly6,rrnuo . 144
66.f esta A., Spagnoletti S. Un metodo p e r I a d e t e r m i n a z i odneeg l i 2. Ouuru HayqHo-H'ccJreAoBareJrbcr{o,rlo
ceKropa fu4ponpoexra t47
sforzi di taglio in un elementodi diga gravita alleggeritq.L'EnergiaElettri- a a) Mero4Hr(a n,poBe,AeHuflo,rrbrrorBc Ma,ocu,BHnruu6erouHbIMH co-
,opyxeHHffrMH 147
c a', N e 3 , 1 9 6 l
6 7 . T o l k e F . ( K a r l s r u h e ) . D i e E n t w i c k l u n g s l i n i e nin Talsperrenbau.
Die 6) tr4crcJreAo,BsHHe
rrJrorr.ruu Ma,ua,xaricxoft f3C 148
Wasserwirtschaft,42, Jahrgang. H. .4, Januar, 1952. I50
68. Travaux. aout, Nb 286, 1958.
69. Tsutomu Shiwa. O m o r i g a w ap u m p e d - s t o i apglea n t .W a t e rP o w e r , t54
september.
' 1960.
7 0 . Z ' i e n k i e w i s z O . C . a n d G e r s t n e r R. W. Designprocedures for 156
orestressed
' dams. Water Power, Ne 9, 1962. -
71.FinziDante. I m p i a n t o P l i m a L a s a . L'Energia Elettrica, M 7, t57
1957.
187
il,, ,lit ,)iirll',.,'.,.'
,,.1 U T P .

7. VlccnetoBaHHe Hanpflx(eguft s cregxd rrracir.Ialro;Sonrp0.opcHoit n'no-


l6l
Tt{HbI,npoBeAenuoen JIoJIJITA . -. .
162
8. Bursoari Ng Ilcc;leAosagltft . .
6e
VIII. OcHosHHe npllHqnnbl npoeKTrpoBauHfl 65
TOHHbIX nJIoTHH lla cKaJlbHblx rpyHTax
65
l. O6que coo6Paxeunn
2. flpnnuunbl Pacqera npoqHocrn
67
. 7l
3. Pacqer ycrcfiunrocrlH Ha CABI{n. 74
4. O6qne KoHcrpyKrHBHbIe yKa3aHHq- .
78
5. Matep'ual 80
pa6or
6. Coo6paxeHnn no nPoHsBoAcrBY 8l
IX. 3axltoqeHue 84
Jlnreparypa

KaHaJIH3aIII'IH,
HHcrHTyrso,r,ocna6)iieHLIn,
BcecopgHtrft-uayuuo-HccJreAoBaremcxuft-
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ri{AporexH.HqecrKgx
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